EP0384277B1 - Verfahren und Feuerungsanlage zum Reduzieren der Stickoxidbildung beim Verbrennen fossiler Brennstoffe - Google Patents

Verfahren und Feuerungsanlage zum Reduzieren der Stickoxidbildung beim Verbrennen fossiler Brennstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0384277B1
EP0384277B1 EP90102852A EP90102852A EP0384277B1 EP 0384277 B1 EP0384277 B1 EP 0384277B1 EP 90102852 A EP90102852 A EP 90102852A EP 90102852 A EP90102852 A EP 90102852A EP 0384277 B1 EP0384277 B1 EP 0384277B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
combustion
chamber
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP90102852A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0384277A2 (de
EP0384277A3 (de
Inventor
Kurt Heim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH
Original Assignee
HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH
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Application filed by HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH filed Critical HEIMAX Heizkessel GmbH
Publication of EP0384277A2 publication Critical patent/EP0384277A2/de
Publication of EP0384277A3 publication Critical patent/EP0384277A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0384277B1 publication Critical patent/EP0384277B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/263—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body with a dry-wall combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrogen oxide formation when burning fossil fuels of gaseous, liquid or fine-grained consistency in a combustion chamber equipped with at least one burner, in which at least a partial flow of the flue gases is returned to the burner side and recirculated after at least part of its thermal energy has been released the burner or a flame tube associated with it is re-inserted into the combustion chamber.
  • the invention relates to a firing system used to carry out the method, in particular designed as a boiler for building heating systems.
  • DE-PS-37 38 623 also discloses a boiler with flue gas recirculation which, at the burner end of the combustion chamber, has a baffle plate that closes the combustion chamber at a distance from a boiler door that communicates the burner holder with an injector channel, through a subset of the then partially cooled flue gases into the combustion chamber is traceable.
  • This flue gas recirculation is intended to reduce the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas by lowering the oxygen partial pressure.
  • DE-OS 36 28 293 discloses a boiler with flue gas recirculation in this case, however, only indoors in the combustion chamber.
  • An injector channel surrounding the flame is arranged within the combustion chamber. This injector channel is used to suck in a partial flow of the flue gases, which have already been cooled by previous heat extraction, from the burner side into the combustion chamber.
  • a hot water boiler used as a water heater, is known in which a part of the flue gases flows back into the combustion chamber to equalize the pressure.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded by a combustion chamber wall which is formed by a pipe screw or hollow body carrying water.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides when burning fossil fuels and to create a combustion system which is used to carry out the method, in particular designed as a boiler for building heating, and which optimizes the combustion process, that is to say while maintaining good combustion efficiency enable effective nitrogen oxide reduction.
  • this problem is solved, starting from the method specified at the outset, in that the recirculating flue gases, after previous heat removal, are at a combustion temperature at a temperature level at most equal to the limit temperature for the formation of nitrogen oxides corresponding subset around the burner in the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases are let into the combustion chamber in a partial quantity which keeps the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber at about 1200 ° C. after prior heat removal.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved by creating a firing system, in particular a boiler for building heating systems, in which a heat transfer medium, such as water, leading housing, a combustion chamber with at least one burner is accommodated and the combustion chamber has a combustion chamber which is surrounded by a jacket which extends essentially over its entire length and is surrounded with flow paths for returning the flue gases after their directional deflection on the side of the combustion chamber facing away from the burner , which extend between the jacket and a wall delimiting the combustion chamber, at least some of these flow paths opening into a burner-side exhaust gas chamber, which in turn is connected to the combustion chamber via an inflow path that extends around the burner or a flame tube associated with the latter, that a flame developed by the burner or the flame tube is essentially completely enclosed by the flue gas partial flow returned to the combustion chamber, and the cross section of the inflow path opening into the combustion chamber it is changeable for the recirculating flue gases.
  • a heat transfer medium such as water, leading housing
  • the furnace according to the invention thus has a "hot" combustion chamber.
  • Hot combustion chambers have proven themselves to achieve good combustion efficiency. With sufficient presence of oxygen, a practically complete burnout takes place in such combustion chambers, but undesirably high nitrogen oxide emissions occur because excess quantities of oxygen and nitrogen present in the combustion air oxidize to nitrogen oxides at the combustion temperatures that occur.
  • combustion system according to the invention also has a "hot" combustion chamber, combustion of the flame at a temperature level below or at most equal to the limit temperature for the formation of nitrogen oxides takes place as a result of cooling the flame by recirculating - cool - flue gases in the above-mentioned partial quantity.
  • the inflow path connecting the exhaust gas chamber to the combustion chamber consists of a gap extending all around the burner or a flame tube, the width of which for sucking in a part of the - cooled - flue gases into the combustion chamber compared to one of the exhaust gas chamber on that of the combustion chamber wall facing away from the side can be changed by means of a sleeve which can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber and which adjoins the burner on the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber.
  • the jacket enclosing the combustion chamber essentially over its entire length is pot-shaped and provided with a bottom on the burner side, the burner or a flame tube protruding into the combustion chamber through an opening in the bottom and this opening being excessively large so opposite the burner or flame tube that an annular channel for sucking in flue gas from the exhaust gas space extends into the combustion chamber around the burner or flame tube.
  • a sleeve which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber can be arranged in the opening in the bottom of the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber in order to adjust the amount of exhaust gas which can be sucked into the combustion chamber, and by means of its axial adjustment the width of an inflow gap between this sleeve and one of the exhaust chamber on the Combustion chamber side facing the wall to be adjustable.
  • the sleeve slidably received in the opening in the bottom of the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber on the to the combustion chamber pointing side has a funnel-shaped widening section, it is possible in a simple manner to enclose the flame developed from the burner or the flame tube over a large axial length with flue gas and thereby effectively cool it.
  • Another important embodiment provides that when the combustion chamber extends essentially horizontally in the housing, the flue gases recirculated in the upper part between the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber are fed directly to a flue gas outlet, whereas the flue gases recirculated in the lower part are introduced into a flue gas-side flue space and from there, in part due to the injector effect of the flame around the burner or a flame tube around the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gases recirculated in the upper part between the casing surrounding the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber have higher temperatures than the flue gases recirculated in the lower half due to thermal buoyancy.
  • an approximately semicircular collar extends from the burner-side end thereof and extends to the burner-side insulating plate, which collar extends in the upper part of the combustion chamber - Separates flow paths from the exhaust gas chamber so that a partial quantity can only be sucked into the combustion chamber from the flue gases which are returned in the area of the lower combustion chamber half.
  • inflow paths for sucking in cool flue gases are arranged in a bottom which closes the jacket on the burner side around an opening arranged coaxially to the burner or flame tube and into which the burner or flame tube projects, and further if means for at least partial closure of these inflow paths are provided, which allow a quantity limitation of the flue gases that can be sucked into the combustion chamber as a result of the injector effect of the flame.
  • Another important embodiment of the invention provides that on the side of the combustion chamber opposite the burner there is a pot-shaped additional heating surface which, in view of the heating surface enlargement caused thereby and its reaching into the combustion chamber, leads to a noticeable improvement in the - firing-related - efficiency contributes.
  • the additional heating surface arranged at the end of the combustion chamber opposite the burner can expediently be conical, cylindrical or in the form of a pocket and, in the interest of improved heat transfer, also have ribs on the side in contact with the flue gas.
  • the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber extends axially beyond the actual combustion chamber formed by a finned tube.
  • a water-carrying housing 11 made of sheet steel, which in turn is from one here in detail jacket 12 of interest is surrounded by insulating material, a horizontally extending and essentially cylindrical combustion chamber 14 is accommodated.
  • a burner 15 with a flame tube 16 At one end of the combustion chamber 14 there is a burner 15 with a flame tube 16, while the end facing away from the burner is closed off by a heating surface 17 molded into the combustion chamber like a pot.
  • the cylindrical part of the combustion chamber 14 consists of a finned tube 18 with fins 19 extending radially inwards, between which flow paths extending parallel to one another extend.
  • a cylindrical jacket 20 is received within the combustion chamber 14 at a radial distance from the combustion chamber walls formed by the finned tube, which ends at a distance from the heating surface 17 of the combustion chamber facing away from the burner side and encloses a combustion chamber 22.
  • An exhaust gas chamber 25 is arranged between a burner plate 23 carrying the burner 15 with an insulating plate 24 assigned to the combustion chamber, through which the flame tube 16 of the burner extends, and the cylindrical jacket 20 surrounding the combustion chamber 22 the flue gas flow paths 26, which extend at a radial distance therefrom, extend into the flue gas flow paths 26. Furthermore, a flue gas outlet 27 extends from the exhaust gas chamber 25.
  • a sleeve 28 adjoins the cylindrical jacket 20 accommodated in the combustion chamber 14, and for the purpose of setting a sleeve 28 between it and the flame tube 16 surrounding insulating plate 24 annularly around the flame tube extending gap 30 axially movable according to double arrow 29 and can be determined in the respective setting position.
  • the fuel used is burned in a flame that extends from the flame tube 16 into the combustion chamber 22.
  • the flue gases flow around the end of the cylindrical jacket 20 arranged in the combustion chamber 14 away from the flame tube and between the latter and the combustion chamber in the flow paths 26 formed by the circumferentially spaced ribs 19 of the finned tube 18 to the burner side, in order there to enter the exhaust gas chamber 25 and then to be discharged via the flue gas outlet 27.
  • the flue gases give off their thermal energy largely via the finned tube 18 of the combustion chamber 14 to the water 32 received as heat transfer medium in the housing 11 and thus enter the exhaust gas chamber 25 in the cooled state.
  • the combustion temperature In the interest of an effective reduction or prevention of nitrogen oxide formation during combustion, the combustion temperature must be set to a temperature level which is below the limit temperature which is decisive for the formation of nitrogen oxides. This is achieved in a simple manner by regulating the quantity of the cool smoke gases flowing into the combustion chamber 22 through the said annular gap 30, by appropriately adjusting the width of the inflow gap between the burner-side end face of the adjustable sleeve 28 and the insulating plate 24 surrounding the flame tube 16 of the burner.
  • FIG. 2 differs in particular from the embodiment of FIG. 1 that within a water-carrying housing 11 ', which is surrounded by a jacket 12' made of insulating material, a cylindrical combustion chamber 14 'extends vertically.
  • This combustion chamber which is also completed on one side by a burner plate 23 with an inner insulating plate 24 and on the other end face has a bottom in the manner of a spherical cap 17 ', in its cylindrical part in turn consists of a finned tube 18 with a radially inward direction Ribs 19 which are parallel to each other in the axial direction.
  • a cylindrical jacket 20 is also inserted into this combustion chamber, which, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, is on the side of the burner facing side extends to a certain extent beyond the finned tube 18 and is closed on the burner side by a conical bottom 34.
  • Coaxial to the flame tube 16 extending through the insulating plate 24 of the burner 15 arranged on the burner plate 23 is within a provided with a collar 35 recess of the conical bottom 34 of the cylindrical shell 20 which surrounds the combustion chamber, in turn a cylindrical sleeve 28 'axially movably received, which has oversize compared to the flame tube 16 of the burner. In view of this excess extends between the flame tube 16 and the sleeve 28 'an annular inflow gap for cooled flue gases which are sucked into the combustion chamber during operation of the boiler by the injector effect emanating from the flame and which largely completely enclose the flame extending flame tube.
  • the sleeve 28 ' is axially displaceable for the purpose of adjusting the width of the gap 30' between the sleeve 28 'and the exhaust gas chamber 25 on the end facing away from the combustion chamber 22 insulating plate 24. This is a precise adjustment of the amount of flue gas returned to the combustion chamber for cooling the flame possible depending on the requirements of the respective application.
  • the boiler illustrated in Fig. 3 has Again, like the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a horizontally arranged combustion chamber 14, but in accordance with the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the jacket 20 surrounding the combustion chamber is provided on the burner side with a conical bottom 34, in which coaxial to the flame tube 16 of the burner 15 a sleeve is axially movable and can be locked in any axial position.
  • This sleeve has a section 36 which widens slightly conically towards the combustion chamber 22 and which favors the inclusion of the flame extending from the flame tube with cool exhaust gases which are sucked out of the exhaust gas chamber into the combustion chamber as a result of the injector effect.
  • the cylindrical casing 20 surrounding the combustion chamber 22 is closed on the burner side by a straight bottom 34 '.
  • the burner-side closure of the jacket by means of a straight - or also conical - bottom has proven to be advantageous in that the exhaust gas space becomes larger and the resistance on the flue gas side becomes smaller. This favors a rapid flow through the combustion chamber with exhaust gases sucked into it and thus contributes to reduced nitrogen oxide formation.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 is a construction with a horizontally arranged Combustion chamber 14.
  • the channels extending in the upper region between the casing 20 surrounding the combustion chamber 22 and the combustion chamber 14 are subjected to a higher thermal load due to the thermal buoyancy of the heating gases than the channels leading to the exhaust gas chamber 25 in the lower region. 4 and 5, by extending between the straight bottom 34 'and the insulating plate 24 penetrated by the flame tube 16 of the burner 15, a semicircular collar 38 which flows back through the flow paths in the upper half of the combustion chamber - Thermally more heavily loaded - introduces flue gas directly into the flue gas outlet 27.
  • the flue gas flowing back in the lower half enters the burner-side exhaust gas chamber 25 and through a coaxial to the flame tube 16 in the bottom 34 'received sleeve 28 into the combustion chamber. Since the flue gases returned to the combustion chamber 22 have cooled more than the flue gases flowing back to the flue gas outlet 27 in the upper part of the combustion chamber, this leads to a further reduction in nitrogen oxide formation.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates in a section corresponding to the section VV in Fig. 4, another variant in which around a straight bottom 34 'of the jacket surrounding the combustion chamber 20 coaxially penetrating the flame tube of the burner recess in the upper half of several holes 40, however larger flow cross-sections in the lower half having elongated holes 41 are arranged around the flame tube.
  • means for partially or completely covering the bores or elongated holes can also be provided, which in turn leads to a simple adaptability of a boiler designed in this way to the requirements of the respective application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
EP90102852A 1989-02-24 1990-02-14 Verfahren und Feuerungsanlage zum Reduzieren der Stickoxidbildung beim Verbrennen fossiler Brennstoffe Revoked EP0384277B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3905762 1989-02-24
DE3905762A DE3905762A1 (de) 1989-02-24 1989-02-24 Verfahren und feuerungsanlage zum reduzieren der stickoxidbildung beim verbrennen fossiler brennstoffe

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0384277A2 EP0384277A2 (de) 1990-08-29
EP0384277A3 EP0384277A3 (de) 1991-07-31
EP0384277B1 true EP0384277B1 (de) 1994-05-25

Family

ID=6374855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90102852A Revoked EP0384277B1 (de) 1989-02-24 1990-02-14 Verfahren und Feuerungsanlage zum Reduzieren der Stickoxidbildung beim Verbrennen fossiler Brennstoffe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0384277B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE106127T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3905762A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3908296C2 (de) * 1989-03-14 1994-04-14 Pc Patentconsult Ag Zug Heizkessel
US4942832A (en) * 1989-05-04 1990-07-24 Bloom Engineering Company, Inc. Method and device for controlling NOx emissions by vitiation
EP0483520A3 (en) * 1990-10-02 1992-10-14 Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels generating a low emission of noxious products
DE4308731A1 (de) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-22 Babcock Omnical Gmbh Verfahren zur Verminderung der Bildung von NOx und Kessel
DE4332258C2 (de) * 1993-09-22 1998-01-15 Ppv Verwaltungs Ag Aufsatz für einen Brenner
WO1999061839A1 (en) * 1998-05-25 1999-12-02 Wedab Wave Energy Development Ab A boiler arrangement and a method of burning oil
SE513953C2 (sv) * 1999-04-21 2000-12-04 Klaus Lorenz Brännare för fasta bränslen, förbränningsanläggning med en brännare för fasta bränslen och ett sätt att från ett brännarrör i en brännare för fasta bränslen utmata förbränningsprodukter, såsom bildade rökgaser och förbränningsrester
SE527766C2 (sv) * 2004-10-22 2006-05-30 Sandvik Intellectual Property Förfarande för förbränning med brännare för industriugnar, jämte brännare
DE102005019509A1 (de) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Valentin Rosel Kugel-Brennwert-Öl-Gasheizkessel mit Rundscheibennachschaltheizfläche
DE102008022696A1 (de) 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Solvis Gmbh & Co. Kg Feuerungseinrichtung mit einer Reinigungseinrichtung
AT513734B1 (de) * 2012-12-04 2022-12-15 Oekofen Forschungs Und Entw M B H Heizkessel mit Wärmekraftmaschine
CN106895399B (zh) * 2017-04-25 2024-08-09 武建斌 一种醇基燃料锅炉内部用气化燃烧装置

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585477A (en) * 1945-12-22 1952-02-12 Stewart Warner Corp Thermostatic control for hotwater heaters and the like
AT231113B (de) * 1961-05-16 1964-01-10 Rene Gossalter Mit flüssigem Brennstoff beheizter Kessel
DE2927193A1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-15 Koerting Hannover Ag Vorrichtung zum erwaermen von fluessigkeiten
DE3140821A1 (de) * 1981-10-09 1983-04-21 Körting Hannover AG, 3000 Hannover Vorrichtung zum erwaermen von fluessigkeiten
DE3601000A1 (de) * 1985-07-02 1987-06-19 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Wasserheizkessel
DE3628293A1 (de) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-25 Wolf Klimatechnik Gmbh Heizkessel fuer die verbrennung fluessiger und/oder gasfoermiger brennstoffe
AT389164B (de) * 1986-09-11 1989-10-25 Olymp Werk A Schwarz Ges M B H Heizkessel
DE3713408A1 (de) * 1987-04-21 1988-11-03 Weishaupt Max Gmbh Verfahren zur reduzierung von no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-werten bei oel- oder gasbetriebenen feuerungsanlagen
DE3738623C2 (de) * 1987-11-11 1995-05-04 Wolf Klimatechnik Gmbh Heizkessel mit Rauchgasrezirkulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0384277A2 (de) 1990-08-29
DE3905762A1 (de) 1990-08-30
DE59005785D1 (de) 1994-06-30
DE3905762C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-02-18
EP0384277A3 (de) 1991-07-31
ATE106127T1 (de) 1994-06-15

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