EP0379437B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schnellregulierung einer Wandtemperatur - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schnellregulierung einer Wandtemperatur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379437B1
EP0379437B1 EP90400149A EP90400149A EP0379437B1 EP 0379437 B1 EP0379437 B1 EP 0379437B1 EP 90400149 A EP90400149 A EP 90400149A EP 90400149 A EP90400149 A EP 90400149A EP 0379437 B1 EP0379437 B1 EP 0379437B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
fluid
temperature
source
heat
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EP90400149A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0379437A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Dutertre
Frédéric Dufau
Dominique Duval
Frédéric Ginot
Jean Hache
Daniel Cohen
Troton Agnès Marcadet
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Bertin Technologies SAS
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Bertin et Cie SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/06—Control arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for rapid thermal regulation of a plurality of wall zones according to the preamble of claim 1 and according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • Such a method and such a device are known from US-A-4 679 615. Such a method is used in particular for molecular biology operations comprising reactions at controlled temperature such as for example enzymatic DNA treatment operations.
  • Some of these operations require submitting samples of cells or macromolecules to thermal cycles comprising temperature stages each determined very precisely in duration and in temperature ( ⁇ T ⁇ 0.1 ° C). In some cases, these temperature cycles must be repeated many times.
  • Document US-A-4 679 615 discloses a method and an apparatus for heating and cooling biological samples by means of a heat conducting plate which carries the samples and the ends of which are in contact with a liquid that you can heat or cool.
  • the ends of the plate are expected to be at temperatures different to establish a temperature gradient in the plate, so that the biological samples are subjected to different temperatures.
  • This method and this device do not allow biological samples to be submitted simultaneously to identical thermal cycles.
  • Document FR-A-2 193 187 describes an isothermal heating device with several heating chambers of the "heat pipe” type, that is to say comprising a reservoir containing a fluid for transporting heat in the liquid phase and in the vapor phase , and a heat source such as a burner or an electrical resistance, associated with this tank.
  • This device makes it possible to maintain a constant temperature in the heating chambers, but does not make it possible to simultaneously carry out thermal cycles therein comprising temperature stages separated by abrupt transitions.
  • the subject of the invention is precisely a method and a device for rapidly regulating a temperature, which make it possible to avoid the drawbacks of the known technique and to satisfy the conditions expressed above.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method and a device of this type, which are in particular applicable to carrying out molecular biology operations of the aforementioned type, simultaneously on a large number of biological samples.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method and a device of this type, which are applicable to other cases, when the temperature of an element or a set of elements has to be varied quickly and precisely. , as is for example the case in reactors with controlled wall temperature, enzymatic reactors, cellular reactors, reactors for polymerization, treatment or transformation of plastic materials, in photography (treatment of movies), etc.
  • the invention therefore provides a method of rapid thermal regulation of a plurality of wall zones in particular of receptacles containing biological samples, in order to simultaneously submit them to identical thermal cycles comprising successive stages of predetermined durations and temperatures separated by transitions, using for this purpose an enclosure surrounding said wall areas and containing a heat transfer fluid in thermal contact with these wall areas, and an external source of heat associated with the enclosure to yield and take heat from said fluid in order to maintain the temperature of the wall zones equal to a set temperature imposed by the source, characterized in that it consists in sealingly enclosing a liquid-vapor balance of said fluid in said enclosure, the latter allowing free circulation of the vapor phase of the fluid and having an internal coating of circula capillary action of the liquid phase of the fluid, and to control said source to vary the set temperature in accordance with the stages of the aforementioned thermal cycles and to make abrupt transitions between these stages, the temperature of said wall zones following almost instantaneously the variations in said set temperature by local condensations and sprays of the fluid in the enclosure.
  • the invention makes a particular application, of the technique of the "heat pipe" used initially in the space industry to quickly evacuate a large quantity of heat produced by a heating element, which is in general an electronic unit integrated into a satellite.
  • the heat pipe is essentially a closed tube containing an internal coating of a porous material with capillary circulation of liquid, and a determined fluid remaining in the two-phase liquid-vapor state in the tube under the working conditions envisaged.
  • the two ends of the tube are connected, one to the heating element, the other to a surface for dissipating heat outside by radiation.
  • the transfer of heat between the heating element and the outside takes place in the heat pipe by phase change of the fluid which, in a continuous manner, vaporizes in the vicinity of the heating element and condenses in the vicinity of the surface of diffusion towards the exterior, the coating of capillary material ensuring in a continuous and almost instantaneous manner the transfer of the liquid from the cold end to the hot end of the heat pipe.
  • the thermal conductivity of a heat pipe is very high, several orders of magnitude greater than that of copper, for example.
  • the invention uses this known principle for a different purpose, to achieve precise and almost instantaneous cycles of temperature variation of walls in contact with an appropriate fluid. More specifically, the invention makes it possible to heat and cool at will and almost instantaneously samples in thermal contact with an appropriate fluid in two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium, and to maintain these samples at a precise temperature for a determined period.
  • the invention makes it possible, using the same means, to maintain a temperature at a predetermined value and to suddenly vary this temperature to another predetermined value, thanks to the fact that the means used present vis-à-vis the outside, a substantially infinite thermal inertia (which allows it to maintain the temperature precise predetermined and to withdraw it from the influences of parasitic external phenomena), that is to say a substantially zero thermal inertia (which allows it to vary this temperature very quickly, to another predetermined value).
  • the method also consists in determining the nature and the total mass of the fluid as a function of the volume of said enclosure so that the liquid-vapor balance of the fluid and the impregnation of the capillary coating by the fluid in the liquid phase are maintained for any temperature within a predetermined range of set temperatures.
  • the invention makes it possible to vary almost instantaneously the temperature of the samples subjected to these reactions, to make it take any value between the aforementioned extreme values.
  • the heat source used can be of the reversible type, making it possible to selectively increase and decrease the set temperature of the fluid, or else can comprise two switchable heat sources, one making it possible to increase the set temperature of the fluid and the other to decrease it.
  • the external energy source may comprise means making it possible to vary the vapor pressure of the fluid in the enclosure.
  • a variation in the vapor pressure of the fluid in the enclosure makes it possible either to raise the temperature of this fluid (compression of the vapor phase), or to decrease this temperature (expansion of the vapor phase).
  • a conventional means of varying the pressure of the deformable wall type for example makes it possible to determine the set temperature of the fluid.
  • the elements whose temperature will be regulated can be tubes provided with filtration membranes and containing biological samples such as cells or macro-molecules, and the method according to the invention then consists in combining the cyclic temperature variations with additions of reagents and pressure variations in the tubes, for example for the treatment of DNA.
  • the invention also provides a device for rapid thermal regulation of a plurality of wall zones, in particular of receptacles containing biological samples, for simultaneously subjecting them to identical thermal cycles comprising successive stages of predetermined durations and temperatures separated by transitions, this device comprising an enclosure surrounding said wall areas and containing a heat transfer fluid in thermal contact with these wall areas, and an external source of heat associated with the enclosure for transferring and taking heat from said fluid in order to maintain the temperature of the wall zones equal to a set temperature imposed by said source, characterized in that the enclosure is sealed and contains a liquid-vapor balance of said fluid, this enclosure allowing the free circulation of the vapor phase of the fluid and comprising an internal coating capillary circulation of the liquid phase of the fluid, the device comprising source control means for varying the set temperature in accordance with the stages of the aforementioned thermal cycles and for making sudden transitions between these stages, the temperature of said wall
  • the enclosure has parallel passages opening to the outside and forming receptacles or housing of tubes in which are placed biological samples such as cells or macromolecules .
  • the walls of these passages form means of heat transfer by conduction between the contents of the receptacles or the tubes and the fluid contained in the enclosure, while the walls of the enclosure on which the ends of the passages open are covered with sealing by hoods associated with means for pressurizing or vacuuming the content of the receptacles or tubes.
  • the tubes are carried at one end by the same transverse plate intended to be applied to a wall of the enclosure when the tubes are housed in the passages of the enclosure.
  • a very large number of tubes can thus be treated simultaneously, each containing a biological sample.
  • FIG. 1 Reference is first made to FIG. 1 to explain the principle of the invention.
  • the reference 10 designates a closed sealed enclosure and preferably at least locally insulated, comprising a wall 12, for example tubular, whose temperature is to be varied.
  • the wall 12 is in contact with a fluid enclosed in the enclosure 10 and which is in liquid-vapor equilibrium for all the values between which it is desired to vary the temperature of the wall 12.
  • the fluid in the liquid phase completely impregnates a coating 14 made of porous or fibrous material for example, capable of ensuring capillary circulation of the liquid, and which lines the enclosure 10 and the wall 12 by providing continuous paths for capillary circulation of liquid between the wall 12 and a peripheral part of the enclosure wall 10.
  • This peripheral wall of the enclosure 10 is in thermal contact with an external energy source S such as a heat source of the reversible type (with Peltier effect for example or with circulation of fluid).
  • This source S is intended to impose a set temperature Tc on the fluid which is in the enclosure 10 in liquid-vapor equilibrium, so that the temperature Te of the wall 12 becomes equal to the set temperature Tc as quickly as possible. possible.
  • Tc is higher than the temperature of the fluid, there is locally, in the zone of thermal contact with the external heat source S, a vaporization of part of the fluid in liquid phase, which results in an increase in the pressure inside the enclosure 10.
  • the aforementioned increase in pressure results in an increase in the value of the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature in the enclosure.
  • This temperature becomes higher than the temperature of the wall 12, which causes local condensation of the fluid.
  • This condensation results in the release of heat, the fluid yielding its latent heat of condensation to the cold parts of the enclosure.
  • the enclosure 10 is suitably insulated, the only available cold source is the wall 12, which therefore receives the latent heat of condensation from the condensed part of the fluid. This heat supply results in an increase in the temperature Te of the wall 12.
  • the set temperature Tc is reduced to the desired value, which results in local condensation of fluid in the pregnant 10, a decrease in the pressure in this enclosure and a corresponding decrease in the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the fluid, and therefore by vaporization of liquid in the vicinity of the wall 12.
  • the vaporizing liquid takes its latent heat of vaporization on the wall 12, which is the only hot spring available.
  • the temperature of the wall 12 therefore decreases until it becomes equal to the set temperature Tc, thanks to the transfer of fluid in the liquid phase in the capillary coating of the enclosure 10, between its zones of thermal contact with the source S and the wall 12.
  • the means of connection with the enclosure 10 can also be of the heat pipe type if necessary and optionally shaped to receive several enclosures simultaneously.
  • this external heat source can be replaced by an appropriate means for varying the vapor pressure of the fluid inside the enclosure 10.
  • This pressure variation can be done, either by injecting fluid under pressure in the enclosure, either by reducing the volume of the enclosure, by means of a movable wall or an elastically deformable wall of the membrane type.
  • an external energy source S makes it possible, by changing the phase of the fluid contained in the enclosure 10, to vary the temperature of the wall 12 rapidly, almost instantaneously.
  • the enclosure 10 also makes it possible to maintain the temperature of the wall 12 at a set value imposed by the source S. Any variation in the temperature of the wall 12 which would be due for example to the release or absorption of heat during a chemical reaction is immediately and automatically compensated for by the enclosure 10 which also protects the wall 12 from parasitic external influences.
  • FIG. 2 represents a device for applying the principle according to the invention. To make it easier to understand, the same references have been given in FIG. 2 as in FIG. 1 to the elements of the device which correspond to those represented in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 therefore, we find a tightly closed enclosure 10 containing an appropriate fluid in two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium and an internal coating ensuring capillary circulation of the fluid in the liquid phase, and in which are arranged passages for receiving the elements of which the temperature must be regulated.
  • the external heat source S is in thermal contact by conduction with the peripheral wall of the enclosure 10, the two upper and lower transverse walls 16,18 of which are insulated.
  • the elements are tubes 12 carried by the same plate 20 and are intended to engage in parallel through passages 22 of the enclosure 10 which are shaped so as to receive the tubes 12 by establishing good thermal contact with them.
  • the tubes 12 can have a slightly frustoconical outer surface, the passages 22 having a corresponding inner surface.
  • the tubes 12 are in the present case open at their two ends, and their upper ends open onto the upper face of the plate 20.
  • Des covers 24 and 26 are provided for sealingly covering, respectively, the plate 20 carrying the tubes 12 and the underside 18 of the enclosure 10. These covers 24, 26 are connected to means 28 for controlling the pressure prevailing at the two ends of the tubes 12, on either side of a filtration membrane mounted transversely inside each tube 12.
  • the means 28 also control the operation of the external energy source S, to regulate the temperature in the tubes 12.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view, in more detail, of the essential part of this device in the operating position.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cylindrical tubes 12 comprising a filtration membrane 30, which are embedded in the through passages 22 of the enclosure 10, and the covers 24 and 26 mounted in sealed manner, respectively on the plate 20 carrying the tubes 12 and on the lower wall of the enclosure 10.
  • Plates or sheets 32 of thermally insulating material perforated at the outlet of the passages 22 are interposed between the upper and lower walls of the enclosure 10 on the one hand, and the plate 20 and the lower cover 26, respectively, on the other hand.
  • the fluid used in the device according to the invention is for example a "freon" (registered trademark) having the required characteristics.
  • the coating of material, for example porous or fibrous, ensuring the capillary circulation of the liquid inside the enclosure 10 may be a material, for example sintered, wettable by the liquid and conventionally used in the refrigeration industry.
  • the enclosure 10 is made of a material resistant to pressure variations (these are of the order of about 15% on either side of an average pressure when the temperature varies from 0 to 100 ° C.), the material which can be either a good thermal conductor such as brass for optimal heat transfer with the external source S, or a thermally insulating material to reduce heat transfers through the upper and lower faces 16, 18 of the enclosure.
  • the faces 16, 18 of the enclosure are insulated while, in the second case, heat transfer means are provided through the peripheral wall of the enclosure.
  • the device comprises an enclosure 10 of the aforementioned type, associated with an external heat source S and receiving, in the cavities of its upper face, wells or tubes 12 carried at their upper ends by the same plate 20.
  • This plate 20 is covered with a film 34 of impermeable material which closes the wells or tubes 12.
  • a heating or cooling hood 36 covers the plate 20 and is associated with means 38 for thermal regulation maintaining its temperature substantially equal to that of the tubes 12.
  • the cover 36 can also be constituted by an enclosure of the same type as the enclosure 10, associated with the same source S as the latter.
  • the number of tubes 12 carried by the plate 20 can be relatively large (for example and conventionally 96 tubes in 8 rows and 12 columns) and the tubes 12 can be molded in one piece with the plate 20.
  • the device according to the invention can be used with a single external heat source, of the reversible type, or else with two switchable heat sources, one hot and the other cold.
  • the device according to the invention will, in practice, be associated with a robot controlled by computer, which will arrange the samples to be processed and the any additives or reagents in the tubes 12, place the plate 20 carrying the series of tubes 12 on the enclosure 10, possibly move this enclosure from one heat source to the other, etc.
  • the pressure control at the ends tubes 12 will allow filtration, dialysis, recovery of solid matter by reversing the pressure difference, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zur thermischen Schnellregelung einer Mehrzahl von Bereichen einer Wand (12, 20), insbesondere von Behältern, welche biologische Proben enthalten, um sie zugleich identischen thermischen Zyklen zu unterwerfen, die aufeinanderfolgende Stufen mit vorbestimmter Dauer und Temperatur aufweisen, welche durch Übergänge voneinander getrennt sind, wobei ein diese Wandbereiche umschließendes Gehäuse (10), welches ein wärmeübertragendes Fluidum enthält, das mit den Wandbereichen thermisch in Kontakt steht, und eine externe Wärmequelle (S), welche dem Gehäuse zugeordnet ist, Verwendung findet, um Wärme an dieses Fluidum abzugeben und von diesem aufzunehmen und so die Temperatur von Wandbereichen an einer von der Quelle vorgegebenen Solltemperatur zu halten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Flüssigkeits/Dampf-Gleichgewicht des Fluidums in diesem Gehäuse (10) dicht eingeschlossen ist, welches eine freie Zirkulation der Dampfphase des Fluidums ermöglicht und eine innere Auskleidung für eine kapillare Zirkulation der Flüssigphase des Fluidums aufweist, und diese Quelle (S) gesteuert wird, um die gemäß der Stufen des thermischen Zyklus vorgegebene Temperatur zu ändern und zwischen diesen Stufen einen abrupten Übergang herbeizuführen, wobei die Temperatur dieser Wandbereiche durch lokale Kondensation und Verdampfung des Fluidums in dem Gehäuse (10) quasi-unverzüglich den Änderungen der Solltemperatur folgt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eigenschaften und die Gesamtmasse des Fluidums in Abhängigkeit von dem Volumen des Gehäuses (10) bestimmt werden, sodaß das Flüssigkeits/Dampf-Gleichgewicht des Fluidums und die Anreicherung der Auskleidung (14) mit Fluidum in der flüssigen Phase für alle Temperaturen in einem vorbestimmten Bereich vorgebbarer Temperaturen liegt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle (S) reversibel ist und ein selektives Erhöhen und Verringern der vorgegebenen Temperatur (Tc) ermöglicht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Gehäuse (10) zwei kommutierende Wärmequellen zugeordnet sind, von denen eine warm und die andere kalt ist, und daß diese alternierend angesteuert werden, um die Temperatur der Wandbereiche zu vergrößern bzw. zu verkleinern.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle (S) Mitteln zugeordnet ist, welche das Verändern des Dampfdruckes des Fluidums in dem Gehäuse (10) ermöglichen.
  6. Vorrichtung zur thermischen Schnellregelung einer Mehrzahl von Bereichen einer Wand (12, 20), insbesondere von Behältern, welche biologische Proben enthalten, um sie zugleich identischen thermischen Zyklen zu unterwerfen, die aufeinanderfolgende Schritte mit vorbestimmter Dauer und Temperatur aufweisen, welche durch Übergänge voneinander getrennt sind, wobei diese Vorrichtung ein Gehäuse (10), welches die Wandbereiche umschließt und ein wärmeübertragendes Fluidum enthält, das mit den Wandbereichen thermisch in Kontakt steht, sowie eine externe Wärmequelle (S) aufweist, die dem Gehäuse zugeordnet ist, um Wärme an dieses Fluidum abzugeben und von diesem aufzunehmen und so die Temperatur von Wandbereichen an einer von der Quelle vorgegebenen Solltemperatur zu halten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (10) dicht abgeschlossen ist und ein Flüssigkeits/Dampf-Gleichgewicht enthält, wobei dieses Gehäuse eine freie Zirkulation der Dampfphase des Fluidums ermöglicht und eine innere Auskleidung (14) für eine kapillare Zirkulation der Flüssigphase des Fluidums aufweist, und diese Vorrichtung Mittel (28) zum Steuern der Quelle (S) aufweist, um die gemäß der Stufen thermischer Zyklen vorgegebene Temperatur zu ändern und zwischen diesen Stufen einen abrupten Übergang herbeizuführen, wobei die Temperatur dieser Wandbereiche durch lokale Kondensation und Verdampfung des Fluidums in dem Gehäuse (10) quasi-unverzüglich den Änderungen der Solltemperatur folgt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle (S) reversibel ist und dem Fluidum selektiv Wärme zufuhren oder entnehmen kann.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die externe Quelle zwei kommutierende Wärmequellen aufweist, von denen eine warm und eine kalt ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quelle Mittel zum Verändern des Dampfdruckes des in dem Gehäuse enthaltenen Fluidums aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die externe Quelle (S) über zumindest einen Teil einer Wand des Gehäuses (10) mit dem Fluidum thermisch in Kontakt steht, wobei die anderen Wände (16, 18) zumindest teilweise wärmeisoliert sind.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses Gehäuse (10) parallele Durchgänge (22) aufweist, welche nach außen fuhren und Behälter und/oder Aufnahmen für Röhren (12) aufweisen.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wände dieser Durchgänge (22) durch eine Verbindung zwischen dem Inhalt der Behälter oder der Röhren (12) und dem in dem Gehäuse (10) enthaltenen Fluidum die Mittel zur Wärmeübertragung bilden.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wände (16, 18) des Gehäuses, an welchen die Enden der Durchgänge (22) münden, mittels Abdeckhauben (24, 26) dicht verschlossen sind, welche Selektionsmitteln (28) zum Komprimieren oder Dekomprimieren des Inhaltes der Behälter oder Röhren (12) zugeordnet sind.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (12) an ihren beiden Enden offen und mit Filtermembranen (30) versehen sind.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (12) an einem Ende mittels einer einzigen Querplatte (20) gehalten sind, die an einer Wand (16) des Gehäuses (10) befestigt werden kann.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Röhren (12) an ihren oberen Enden mittels einer einzigen Platte (20) gehalten und durch einen Film (34) abgedeckt sind, welcher aus undurchlässigem Material besteht, das an dieser Platte aufgebracht ist, die in dem Gehäuse (10) befestigt und durch eine Abdeckhaube (36) zum Heizen oder Kühlen abgedeckt ist, welche Mitteln (38) zur thermischen Regelung zugeordnet ist, die ihre Temperatur im wesentlichen aufjener der Röhren (12) halten.
EP90400149A 1989-01-20 1990-01-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schnellregulierung einer Wandtemperatur Expired - Lifetime EP0379437B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90400149T ATE103062T1 (de) 1989-01-20 1990-01-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schnellregulierung einer wandtemperatur.

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FR8900681 1989-01-20
FR8900681A FR2642156B1 (fr) 1989-01-20 1989-01-20 Procede et dispositif de regulation rapide d'une temperature de paroi

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EP0379437A1 EP0379437A1 (de) 1990-07-25
EP0379437B1 true EP0379437B1 (de) 1994-03-16

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US (1) US5161609A (de)
EP (1) EP0379437B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03503445A (de)
AT (1) ATE103062T1 (de)
AU (1) AU4963190A (de)
CA (1) CA2025465A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69007305T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2053128T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2642156B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1990008298A1 (de)

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CA2025465A1 (fr) 1990-07-21
EP0379437A1 (de) 1990-07-25
US5161609A (en) 1992-11-10
ES2053128T3 (es) 1994-07-16
ATE103062T1 (de) 1994-04-15
JPH03503445A (ja) 1991-08-01
WO1990008298A1 (fr) 1990-07-26
DE69007305D1 (de) 1994-04-21
AU4963190A (en) 1990-08-13
FR2642156B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
FR2642156A1 (fr) 1990-07-27
DE69007305T2 (de) 1994-09-29

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