EP0378764A1 - Installation de refusion par laitier électrique contenant une lingotière et une hotte - Google Patents

Installation de refusion par laitier électrique contenant une lingotière et une hotte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378764A1
EP0378764A1 EP89119973A EP89119973A EP0378764A1 EP 0378764 A1 EP0378764 A1 EP 0378764A1 EP 89119973 A EP89119973 A EP 89119973A EP 89119973 A EP89119973 A EP 89119973A EP 0378764 A1 EP0378764 A1 EP 0378764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hood
plant according
mold
electrode
sectors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89119973A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Dr. Stenzel
Wolfram Dr. Diemar
Heiko Spengemann
Leo Emiljanow
Helmut Gröf
Heinz Kohnert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balzers und Leybold Deutschland Holding AG
Original Assignee
Leybold AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leybold AG filed Critical Leybold AG
Publication of EP0378764A1 publication Critical patent/EP0378764A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B22D23/10—Electroslag casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electro-slag remelting system with a mold for building a block from the remelted material of at least one melting electrode, with a frame with at least one vertically driven electrode rod for feeding one melting electrode each and with a hood arranged above the mold with at least one respective electrode axis concentric opening.
  • Such a remelting plant is known from DE-AS 20 31 708.
  • the hood is used to reduce radiation losses and is lined with mineral thermal insulation for this purpose.
  • it is also not the electrode rod, but the electrode itself that is passed through the hood. Since such melting electrodes generally have an irregularly shaped surface due to their manufacturing process, the opening in the hood must be appropriately large. Since the hood is placed on the upper mold edge by means of insulating spacers in order to avoid a short circuit, a chimney effect is formed, i. H. Ambient air is sucked in through the gap below and exits through the annular gap between the hood and the electrode. This gas circulation leads to considerable problems, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the molten slag which is at a high temperature, represents, so to speak, the heating resistor for the melt stream.
  • the metal of the melting electrode which is immersed in the liquid slag is conducted in droplet form through the slag and collects below it in a melting lake which adheres to it solidified lower phase boundary into a block or ingot.
  • the heat dissipation required for the solidification process takes place through the mold unit, through which a coolant (water) generally flows.
  • An essential element for the metallurgical cleaning process is the slag, which can have a different composition depending on the impurities to be removed and the metals used. Slag compositions are known in large numbers.
  • gases are generated which must not be released into the environment but must be extracted.
  • moisture from the ambient air penetrates to the slag bath and is reduced there to hydrogen. The hydrogen would be absorbed by the block being built up.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an electroslag remelting plant of the type described at the outset, in which no exhaust gases escape uncontrolled to the environment, which are not required for large amounts of gas when a desired supply of gas (for example dry air) is present, and which nevertheless do not carry out the process with special needs.
  • a desired supply of gas for example dry air
  • the subdivision of the hood into sectors that are laterally movable, for example pivotable or extendable, enables the necessary access to the system during the preparation phase, in particular for inserting and / or recharging individual electrodes and slag.
  • This accessibility is compared to vacuum arc furnaces without complex lifting mechanisms for the furnace top is lifted and swung out to the side.
  • the furnace rod which is led through the upper part of the furnace in a vacuum-tight manner, must also be swiveled out to the side, so that the entire drive, the power supply, etc. must also have appropriate degrees of freedom.
  • This vertical and transverse mobility of the furnace top parts in vacuum arc furnaces also leads to very complex designs of the furnace frame.
  • the sealing of all sectors both against the upper edge of the mold (first sealing point) and the electrode rod (second sealing point) ensures that the hood as a whole is sufficiently gas-tight so that only small amounts of gas are supplied (e.g. dry air or inert gas) and discharged have to.
  • gas e.g. dry air or inert gas
  • the systems for air treatment or dry air generation as well as for exhaust gas purification can be dimensioned much smaller.
  • the need for expensive inert gas is drastically reduced, which increases the number of alloys that can be economically melted in the ESR process.
  • the total exclusion of atmospheric humidity also means that the finished block does not contain any hydrogen, which would drastically deteriorate the metallurgical qualities of such a block or would cause long annealing times.
  • the hood according to the invention it is also possible for the space above the slag and thus the slag itself doses reactive gases such as oxygen to oxidize the sulfur in the slag.
  • the measure of giving the interior of the hood such a cross-section and such a height that the upper end of the at least one melting electrode is in its most raised position below the second sealing point of the hood enables a sufficient degree of freedom for the upward and downward movement the electrode during the remelting process.
  • This measure also distinguishes the subject matter of the invention from the known hood provided with a ceramic lining, in which the melting electrode is passed through the hood leaving an annular gap.
  • the sealing of the hood against the electrode rod is in any case unproblematic.
  • the number of sectors is preferably based on the number of electrode rods or the consumable electrodes used at the same time.
  • the hood consists of two half-shell-shaped sectors, which have vertical dividing joints and are pivotably suspended about a vertical hinge axis and are semicircular on their upper and lower edges in the area of the first and second sealing points Sealing surfaces and at their parting lines to form third and fourth sealing points have linear sealing strips.
  • these sealing points or sealing strips are preferably arranged so that they are not in line of sight with the slag.
  • feed lines for dry air and / or reactive gases, charging devices for slag and / or alloying elements can preferably be arranged.
  • the electrode rod is surrounded by a stationary, radially extending annular disk-shaped end wall which is sealed on the one hand against the electrode rod and on the other hand against the sectors of the hood and thereby forms the upper end of the hood.
  • This end wall is preferably provided with an observation device for the melting process and for charging processes, and a suction channel can also be arranged on the end wall, which is connected to a gas cleaning system and a suction pump.
  • the hood is also used to supply power to the mold, so that special busbars can be dispensed with which hinder the accessibility of the remelting system, although they are only quasi-coaxial, i.e. are arranged in pairs on diametrically opposite sides of the electrode or electrode rod.
  • the use of the hood for power supply to the mold is particularly advantageous in that the hood is provided on its upper side with a first power connection and on its lower edge with at least one second current contact device through which the Melt flow is transferable to a counter-contact device on the mold.
  • the arrangement is made in a particularly advantageous manner such that the first power connection is arranged on the end wall and that current contact devices are arranged between the end wall and the upper edge of the sectors. In this way, the contacting is achieved simultaneously in the upper and lower areas of the hood by the closing movement of the half-shell-shaped sectors.
  • the hood according to the invention is suitable both for remelting plants with a so-called standing mold and for those with a sliding mold.
  • a block is built up in the stationary mold; in the latter case, the block is pulled downward from the (significantly shorter) mold in accordance with its rate of solidification.
  • an electro-slag remelting system 1 is shown, which is set up on a hall floor 2.
  • a mold 4 projects through a hole 3 in the hall floor into a pit, of which only the pit floor 5 is shown.
  • the mold 4 is a conventional, water-cooled stand mold.
  • Above the hall floor 2 there is a furnace frame 6 with several vertical columns 7 and 8, of which only two are visible in FIG. 1.
  • the column 7 has a shortened length and, with the interposition of a platform 9 and a pivot bearing 10, rests on a standing column 11 which is firmly connected to the hall floor 2.
  • the pivot bearing 10 defines a vertical axis of rotation for the furnace frame 6, whose columns 8 facing away from the axis of rotation and parallel to it have a travel drive 12 at the lower end, to each of which a roller 13 belongs, which rolls on an arcuate rail 14 located in the hall floor 2 .
  • the furnace frame has an upper platform 15, so that the furnace frame in the Side view has the look of an "A".
  • the upper platform 15 is designed as a frame in which a measuring platform 16 is supported, which is supported on a plurality of load cells 17.
  • the cables 19 for the current supply to an electrode rod 20 are also suspended on the measuring platform 16 via a support 18, likewise a sliding seal 22 through supports 21, through which the electrode rod 20 is passed gas-tight. Reference is made to FIG. 4 for further details.
  • a melting electrode 26 is coaxially attached to the electrode rod 20, which in the position shown still has its original length. It protrudes with a substantial part of its length into the mold 4 and ends with its lower end face just above the mold base 27, which in turn is seated on a base plate 28.
  • two axially parallel busbars 29 are arranged which define quasi-coaxial current paths to the mold 4. These busbars 29 are guided through the hall floor 2 and end just above the floor surface 2a. Coaxially and in alignment with this, two busbars 30 are vertically displaceably mounted in the lower platform 9 and are controlled by lifting drives 31.
  • the upper busbars 30 are shown raised in Figure 1, so that the connection to the lower busbars 29 is interrupted. By lowering the upper busbars 30, the distance D can be eliminated, i.e. the busbars 29 and 30 form continuous, quasi-coaxial current paths which serve to return the melt stream.
  • connection lines 32 with flexible cable sections 32a lead to the upper busbars 30.
  • the possibility of interruption between the busbars 29 and 30 serves to be able to move the furnace frame 6 around the axis of the rotary bearing 10.
  • a hood 33 which, according to FIG. 2, consists of two half-shell-shaped sectors 34 and 35 which are attached to a common vertical hinge axis 36 in a mirror-symmetrical manner.
  • This hinge axis extends in Figure 1 between the lower platform 9 and a boom 37 which is attached to the column 8.
  • the half-shell-shaped sectors 34 and 35 are connected to the hinge axis 36 via hinge plates 38.
  • the axis of the hood 33 coincides with the axis "A", as a result of which the eccentricity of the joint axis 36 is also predetermined.
  • Sectors 34 and 35 are double-walled and water-cooled and each have an upper edge 39, which is shown in FIG. 4, and a lower edge 40, which is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the lower edge forms a first sealing point 41, while the upper edge forms a second sealing point 42.
  • the arrangement is such that the hood 33 is divided with respect to its vertical axis "A" into said laterally movable sectors 34 and 35, each of which with its lower edge 40 at the first sealing point 41 is largely gas-tight with the upper part the mold 4 is connected and its upper edge 39 at the second sealing point 42 is also largely gas-tight with respect to the electrode rod 20, specifically indirectly.
  • the hood 33 has an interior 43 of such a cross section and such a height that the upper end of the melting electrode 26 is in its most raised position below the second sealing point 42 of the hood 33.
  • This design instruction leads to a corresponding one Height of the hood 33, which allows the required maneuverability of the electrode 26.
  • the two half-shell-shaped sectors 34 and 35 enclose vertical division joints 44 and 45 between them, which form third and fourth sealing points 46 and 47.
  • the sectors furthermore form semicircular sealing surfaces at their upper and lower edges in the area of the first and second sealing points 41 and 42, respectively, which run in planes radial to the axis "A", and they have linear sealing strips 48 and 49 at their dividing joints, which consist of a elastomeric material and are protected against visual contact with the incandescent slag by their recessed housing.
  • Further elastomeric seals 50 and 51 are arranged at the first and second sealing points 41 and 42, respectively.
  • the sectors 34 and 35 have on their side facing away from the hinge axis 36 tension locks 52 with which the sectors can be clamped together in a gas-tight manner to form a cylinder shell.
  • one sector 34 is provided with two charging funnels 53, which open into the interior of the hood 33 via a charging lock 54 and a pipe socket 55.
  • a gas line 56 opens into the other sector 35 for the introduction of a flushing, protective and / or reactive gas.
  • FIG. 2 also shows coolant lines 57 and 58 which lead to sectors 34 and 35.
  • the upper end of the hood 33 is designed as follows: According to FIG. 4, the electrode rod 20 is concentrically surrounded by an annular disk-shaped end wall 59 which is also double-walled and has cooling water flowing through it. This end wall is sealed on the one hand against the electrode rod 20 and on the other hand against the sectors 34 and 35. For this purpose, the electrode rod 20 is slidably guided through the sliding seal 22 already described, which is connected gas-tight to the end wall 59 via an elastic intermediate member 60.
  • the elastic intermediate member consists, for example, of a gas-impregnated canvas section or a section of an elastomeric hose. Both have electrically insulating properties.
  • the end wall 59 is suspended from the lower platform 9 by means of pull tabs 61, and the sliding seal 22 is also connected to the lower platform 9 via horizontal links 62 (FIG. 4).
  • the end wall 59 also has at least one observation device 63, which consists of a viewing window 64 and a deflecting mirror 65, so that a type of inverted periscope is formed with which the melting process can be observed.
  • An annular suction channel 66 is also arranged on the end wall 59 and communicates via holes with a pipe socket 67 concentrically surrounding the electrode rod 20.
  • the exhaust gases are sucked off through the suction channel 66 and a suction nozzle 68 and fed to a gas treatment system, not shown.
  • the pipe socket 67 also carries the elastic intermediate member 60 at its upper end.
  • the hood 33 is supplied with a defined gas atmosphere and the waste gases provided with impurities and / or reaction products can be disposed of in a simple manner.
  • an annular attachment 69 is screwed onto the mold 4 and is surrounded by a cooling channel 70.
  • the elastomeric ring seal 50 is attached to the mold attachment 69 above this cooling channel.
  • the inner surfaces of the mold 4 and the mold attachment 69 lie in a common cylinder surface.
  • the mold 4 has at its upper end on the outside a hollow cylindrical collecting channel 71 for the cooling medium (water).
  • a stuffing box screw connection 72 By means of a stuffing box screw connection 72, different lengths between the inner tube 4a and the outer tube 4b of the double-walled mold arrangement 4 are made possible.
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of the remelting plant according to FIG. 1, namely in the present case the busbars 29 and 30 have been omitted, as a result of which the accessibility of the melting site is significantly improved.
  • the hood 33 is used for the absolutely coaxial return of the melt flow from the mold 4 to the connecting line 73.
  • the hood 33 is provided with a first power connection 74 on its upper side and with a second current contact device 75 on its lower edge 40. through which the melt flow can be transferred to a counter-contact device 76 on the mold 4 or on the mold attachment 69 (FIG. 8).
  • the first power connection 74 is arranged on the end wall 59, more precisely, annular current contact devices 77 and 78 are arranged between the end wall 59 and the upper edge 39 of the sectors 34 and 35, respectively.
  • the current contact devices 75 and 77 are formed by strip-shaped parts at the ends of the sectors, which were created by providing the edges of the sectors with narrow slots, so that the relevant ends have spring-elastic properties for cooperation with the counter-contact devices 76 and 78.
  • Coolant channels 79 serve to dissipate the additional heat generated in the contact areas.
  • the melting current is supplied to the electrode rod 20 in the following way: in the present case, the sliding seal 22 is arranged in a housing 80 which is suspended on the measuring platform 16 via supports 21 in an analogous manner as in FIG is.
  • the housing 80 is provided with a connecting line 81 for the melt flow and has a cavity 82 in which a ring of individual sliding contacts 83 is accommodated. These sliding contacts are pressed against the electrode rod 20 via springs.
  • the housing 80 is connected to the end wall 59 via an elastic intermediate member 60, in which case the elastic intermediate member 60 must consist of an electrically insulating material in order to avoid short circuits.
  • the first and second sealing points 41 and 42 are formed by lip or ring seals between the mold attachment 69 and the hood 33 on the one hand and between the end wall 59 and the hood 33 on the other hand.
  • the furnace frame 6 can be assigned several molds 4, the axes A of which lie on a circular path.
  • the hood height adjustable it is sufficient to make the hood height adjustable to a small extent, so that the lower edge 40 of the hood or of the sectors can be guided over the individual melting points even if the sectors are not or not fully extended or are swung out.
  • hood's sectors it is also not necessary to attach the hood's sectors to an articulated axis, although this is the simplest and most reliable type of attachment. It is easily possible and, when dividing the hood into more than two sectors, also advantageous to translate the sectors. In order to limit the opening path of the sectors, a separate or coupled vertical movement of the hood can be provided in addition to a swiveling or translational horizontal movement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP89119973A 1989-01-18 1989-10-27 Installation de refusion par laitier électrique contenant une lingotière et une hotte Withdrawn EP0378764A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3901297 1989-01-01
DE3901297A DE3901297C2 (de) 1989-01-18 1989-01-18 Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzanlage mit einer Kokille und einer Haube

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EP0378764A1 true EP0378764A1 (fr) 1990-07-25

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EP89119973A Withdrawn EP0378764A1 (fr) 1989-01-18 1989-10-27 Installation de refusion par laitier électrique contenant une lingotière et une hotte

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EP (1) EP0378764A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3901297C2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0727500A1 (fr) * 1995-02-20 1996-08-21 Inteco Internationale Technische Beratung Gesellschaft mbH Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de lingots métalliques
WO2019092005A1 (fr) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-16 Sms Mevac Gmbh Dispositif de couplage de liquide pour four de fusion
WO2022223208A1 (fr) * 2021-04-19 2022-10-27 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Installation de refusion pour métaux et procédé de refusion de métaux

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT406457B (de) * 1995-04-18 2000-05-25 Inteco Int Techn Beratung Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen von blöcken aus metallen
DE19921161B4 (de) * 1999-05-07 2011-01-20 Ald Vacuum Technologies Ag Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzanlage mit einer Kokille und einer Haube
DE10156966C2 (de) * 2001-03-22 2003-11-27 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzanlage mit einer Kokille, einer Haube und einer motorisch angetriebenen Elektrodenstange
DE10128168C1 (de) * 2001-06-09 2002-10-24 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Metallblöcken nach dem Elektroschlacke-Umschmelzverfahren
US7399620B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2008-07-15 Sigma-Aldrich Co. Polypeptides and bacterial strains for increased protein production
FR2904635B1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2008-10-31 Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions Procede de fabrication d'ebauches en acier
FR2904634B1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2008-12-19 Aubert & Duval Soc Par Actions Procede de fabrication d'ebauches en acier
KR102250822B1 (ko) * 2020-11-24 2021-05-12 주식회사 세아창원특수강 일렉트로드 슬래그 재용해 공정용 슬라이딩 컨택트 장치

Citations (6)

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DE1169617B (de) * 1956-12-03 1964-05-06 Heraeus Gmbh W C Elektrisch beheizte Vakuumanlage zum Schmelzen oder Giessen und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vakuumlichtbogenofens mit Abschmelzelektrode
DE2031708A1 (de) * 1969-07-21 1971-02-25 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Vorrichtung zum Elektroschlacken umschmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahlen
FR2099468A1 (fr) * 1970-07-20 1972-03-17 Boehler & Co Ag Geb
US3777041A (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-12-04 British Iron Steel Research Electroslag refining apparatus
FR2349656A1 (fr) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-25 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Fabrication de lingots d'acier a faible teneur en hydrogene et en soufre par refusion electrique sous laitier
DE2805660A1 (de) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-16 Bloschenko Ofen zum vakuum-lichtbogenschmelzen von reaktiven metallen

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DE1157739B (de) * 1961-07-13 1963-11-21 Heraeus Gmbh W C Schmelzofen, insbesondere Vakuum-Schmelzofen, mit Mitteln zur Steuerung des Vorschubes der Abschmelzelektrode
US3271828A (en) * 1963-09-20 1966-09-13 Oregon Metallurgical Corp Consumable electrode production of metal ingots
CH531381A (de) * 1967-12-05 1972-12-15 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Verfahren zur Herstellung von Blöcken aus Stahl
US3738825A (en) * 1970-06-03 1973-06-12 B Medovar System and method of electroslag remelting utilizing slab-shaped electrodes
AT335090B (de) * 1973-05-30 1977-02-25 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von gussblocken mit guter verformbarkeit aus hochschmelzenden eisen- und metallegierungen und vorrichtung zur durchfuhrung dieses verfahrens
AT343300B (de) * 1975-02-25 1978-05-26 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von homogenen blocken

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1169617B (de) * 1956-12-03 1964-05-06 Heraeus Gmbh W C Elektrisch beheizte Vakuumanlage zum Schmelzen oder Giessen und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vakuumlichtbogenofens mit Abschmelzelektrode
DE2031708A1 (de) * 1969-07-21 1971-02-25 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Vorrichtung zum Elektroschlacken umschmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Stahlen
FR2099468A1 (fr) * 1970-07-20 1972-03-17 Boehler & Co Ag Geb
US3777041A (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-12-04 British Iron Steel Research Electroslag refining apparatus
FR2349656A1 (fr) * 1976-04-29 1977-11-25 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Fabrication de lingots d'acier a faible teneur en hydrogene et en soufre par refusion electrique sous laitier
DE2805660A1 (de) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-16 Bloschenko Ofen zum vakuum-lichtbogenschmelzen von reaktiven metallen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0727500A1 (fr) * 1995-02-20 1996-08-21 Inteco Internationale Technische Beratung Gesellschaft mbH Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de lingots métalliques
WO2019092005A1 (fr) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-16 Sms Mevac Gmbh Dispositif de couplage de liquide pour four de fusion
US11371779B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2022-06-28 Sms Group Gmbh Melting furnace with simultaneously rotatable and movable electrode rod
WO2022223208A1 (fr) * 2021-04-19 2022-10-27 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Installation de refusion pour métaux et procédé de refusion de métaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3901297C2 (de) 1997-03-20
US4993690A (en) 1991-02-19
DE3901297A1 (de) 1990-07-19

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