EP0377878A1 - Facade structure of a building with thermal insulation and method of producing an insulation - Google Patents

Facade structure of a building with thermal insulation and method of producing an insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0377878A1
EP0377878A1 EP89123646A EP89123646A EP0377878A1 EP 0377878 A1 EP0377878 A1 EP 0377878A1 EP 89123646 A EP89123646 A EP 89123646A EP 89123646 A EP89123646 A EP 89123646A EP 0377878 A1 EP0377878 A1 EP 0377878A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facade
structure according
insulation layer
facade structure
electromagnetic waves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89123646A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Bettermann
Dirk Bringmann
Andreas Dr. Frye
Jürgen Kruse
Julius Weyand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Aerospace AG
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Aerospace AG, Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG filed Critical Deutsche Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0377878A1 publication Critical patent/EP0377878A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/004—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using non-directional dissipative particles, e.g. ferrite powders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a facade structure of buildings, such as buildings, in particular in a heat-insulating design, the facade outside being formed by a cover and a heat insulation layer being arranged between the building wall and cover, and to the production of thermal insulation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a facade structure of the generic type and a method for producing thermal insulation, wherein reflection damping or absorption of the occurring electromagnetic waves is made possible in a simple manner and thus an impairment of directional radio links and ASR systems is avoided.
  • the thermal barrier layer is arranged in front of reflective components of electromagnetic waves in the area of radar waves in the outer region of the building wall and consists of absorbent material for the electromagnetic waves, which is formed from a foamed plastic as an electrical non-conductor into the electrical Conductive and / or magnetic materials are incorporated to form conductivity areas, the dimensions of which are at least 1000 times smaller in all planes than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be absorbed and have a share of up to 10% of the volume of the thermal insulation layer and that the upstream cover consists of an electrical non-conductor.
  • the impinging waves are essentially absorbed or damped by the conductivity regions formed, in that the energy contained is converted into heat.
  • the layer thickness of the thermal insulation layer be dimensioned in such a way that the energy of the electromagnetic waves occurring on the reflecting components becomes almost zero.
  • a favorable design is created in that soot particles are arranged as the electrically conductive material.
  • carbonyl iron powder can be used as the magnetic material.
  • the thermal barrier coating be constructed from several layers, each of which has different concentrations with electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials.
  • the heat insulation layer has an additional layer of fire-retardant material for flame protection on its outside for absorption.
  • a metallic grating be arranged as an antenna for reflection in the outer layer and that a subtraction can be carried out by different transit times of the reflected electromagnetic wave components.
  • a method for the production of thermal insulation, consists in that a large and open-pore plastic foam is used as the basic structure for the formation of an electrical non-conductor into which is electrically and / or magnetically conductive Materials are stored by spraying and then the basic structure is foamed using a fine-cell plastic.
  • a heat insulation layer 2 is applied, which is designed in the form of surface elements or sheets.
  • the thermal barrier coating 2 is constructed from a foamed plastic, such as polyurethane, as an electrical non-conductor, in which electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials are embedded. These materials, such as soot particles or carbonyl iron powder, form conductivity regions whose dimensions in all planes are at least 1000 times less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be absorbed and which account for up to 10% of the volume of the thermal barrier coating.
  • a layer 3 of fire-retardant material for flame protection is additionally applied to the absorbent thermal insulation layer 2 if this is not guaranteed by the thermal insulation layer 2.
  • a cover 5 which forms the outside of the facade, is arranged, which consists of an electrical non-conductor, such as Resoplan, Trespa or fiber cement.

Abstract

Es ist vorgesehen, die Wärmedämmschicht (2) vor elektromagnetische Wellen reflektierenden Bauteilen (1) anzuordnen, um eine Reflexionsminderung herbeizuführen. Hierzu werden in ein Material (2) aus einem elektrischen Nichtleiter elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähige Materialien zur Bildung von Leitfähigkeitsbereichen eingelagert. Die Abmessungen der Leitfähigkeitsbereiche sind in allen Ebenen mindestens 1000-fach geringer als die Wellenlänge der zu absorbierenden Wellen, wobei die elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähigen Materialien einen Anteil von bis zu 10 % des Volumens der Wärmedämmschicht ausmachen. Dabei ist vorgesehen, die vorgeschaltete Abdeckung (5) aus einem elektrischen Nichtleiter auszubilden.It is provided to arrange the heat insulation layer (2) in front of components (1) reflecting electromagnetic waves in order to bring about a reduction in reflection. For this purpose, electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials are incorporated into a material (2) made of an electrical non-conductor in order to form conductivity areas. The dimensions of the conductivity areas are at least 1000 times smaller in all planes than the wavelength of the waves to be absorbed, the electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials accounting for up to 10% of the volume of the thermal insulation layer. It is provided that the upstream cover (5) is formed from an electrical non-conductor.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Fassadenaufbau von Hochbauten, wie Gebäuden, insbesondere in wärmedämmen­der Ausbildung, wobei die Fassadenaußenseite durch eine Abdeckung gebildet und zwischen Gebäudewand und Ab­deckung eine Wärmedämmschicht angeordnet ist, sowie auf die Herstellung einer Wärmedämmung.The invention relates to a facade structure of buildings, such as buildings, in particular in a heat-insulating design, the facade outside being formed by a cover and a heat insulation layer being arranged between the building wall and cover, and to the production of thermal insulation.

Derartige Ausbildungen sind bekannt und dienen als Fassadenverkleidungen zusätzlich zum Witterungsschutz als ästhetische Elemente der Gebäude. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß durch große geometrische Abmessungen der Gebäude und damit entstehende großflächige ebene Konturen, insbesondere unter Verwendung von elektrisch leitenden oder magnetischen Werkstoffen, Probleme entstehen, wenn derartige Bauwerke in unmittelbarer Nähe von Richtfunkstrecken und Flugsicherungsanlagen (Airport Surveillance Radar) angeordnet sind. In diesen Fällen werden durch die Gebäude Reflexionen geschaffen, die beispielsweise mit den Flugzeug-Transpondern Fehlmeldungen in Bereichen bis zu 100 km erzeugen.Such designs are known and serve as facade cladding in addition to weather protection as aesthetic elements of the building. However, it has been shown that problems due to the large geometric dimensions of the buildings and the resulting large-scale flat contours, in particular when using electrically conductive or magnetic materials arise when such structures are arranged in the immediate vicinity of radio relay links and air traffic control systems (Airport Surveillance Radar). In these cases, the buildings create reflections that, for example, use the aircraft transponders to generate incorrect messages in areas of up to 100 km.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Fassadenaufbau der gattungsgemäßen Art und ein Verfahren zur Herstel­lung einer Wärmedämmung zu schaffen, wobei auf einfache Weise eine Reflexionsdämpfung bzw. Absorption der auftretenden elektromagnetischen Wellen ermöglicht und damit eine Beeinträchtigung von Richtfunkstrecken und ASR-Anlagen vermieden wird.The object of the invention is to provide a facade structure of the generic type and a method for producing thermal insulation, wherein reflection damping or absorption of the occurring electromagnetic waves is made possible in a simple manner and thus an impairment of directional radio links and ASR systems is avoided.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß die Wärmedämmschicht vor reflektierenden Bauelementen von elektromagnetischen Wellen im Bereich von Radarwellen im Außenbereich der Gebäudewand ange­ordnet und aus absorbierendem Material für die elek­tromagnetischen Wellen besteht, das aus einem ge­schäumten Kunststoff als elektrischer Nichtleiter gebildet ist, in das elektrisch leitfähige und/oder magnetische Materialien zur Bildung von Leitfähig­keitsbereichen eingelagert sind, deren Abmessungen in allen Ebenen mindestens 1000-fach geringer als die Wellenlänge der zu absorbierenden elektromagnetischen Wellen sind und einen Anteil von bis zu 10 % des Volumens der Wärmedämmschicht aufweisen und daß die vorgeschaltete Abdeckung aus einem elektrischen Nicht­leiter besteht.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the thermal barrier layer is arranged in front of reflective components of electromagnetic waves in the area of radar waves in the outer region of the building wall and consists of absorbent material for the electromagnetic waves, which is formed from a foamed plastic as an electrical non-conductor into the electrical Conductive and / or magnetic materials are incorporated to form conductivity areas, the dimensions of which are at least 1000 times smaller in all planes than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be absorbed and have a share of up to 10% of the volume of the thermal insulation layer and that the upstream cover consists of an electrical non-conductor.

Durch diese Ausbildung werden die auftreffenden Wellen durch die gebildeten Leitfähigkeitsbereiche im wesent­lichen absorbiert bzw. gedämpft, indem die enthaltene Energie in Wärme umgewandelt wird.As a result of this configuration, the impinging waves are essentially absorbed or damped by the conductivity regions formed, in that the energy contained is converted into heat.

Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Schichtdicke der Wärmedämmschicht derart in ihrer Schichtdicke bemessen ist, daß die Energie der auf die reflektierenden Bauteile auftretenden elektromagnetischen Wellen nahezu Null wird.Furthermore, it is proposed that the layer thickness of the thermal insulation layer be dimensioned in such a way that the energy of the electromagnetic waves occurring on the reflecting components becomes almost zero.

Eine günstige Ausbildung wird dadurch geschaffen, daß als elektrisch leitendes Material Rußpartikel angeord­net sind.A favorable design is created in that soot particles are arranged as the electrically conductive material.

Ferner ist vorgesehen, daß als magnetisches Material Carbonyleisenpulver einsetzbar ist.It is further provided that carbonyl iron powder can be used as the magnetic material.

Um eine günstige Absorption zu erzielen, wird vorge­schlagen, daß die Wärmedämmschicht aus mehreren Schichten aufgebaut ist, die jeweils unterschiedliche Konzentrationen mit elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähigen Materialien aufweisen.In order to achieve a favorable absorption, it is proposed that the thermal barrier coating be constructed from several layers, each of which has different concentrations with electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials.

Zur Erfüllung der gegebenenfalls erforderlichen Feuer­schutzbestimmungen ist vorgesehen, daß die Wärmedämm­schicht zur Absorption an ihrer Außenseite eine zu­sätzliche Schicht aus feuerhemmendem Material zum Flammenschutz aufweist.To meet the fire protection regulations that may be required, it is provided that the heat insulation layer has an additional layer of fire-retardant material for flame protection on its outside for absorption.

Weiterhin wird vorgeschlagen, daß in die Außenschicht ein metallisches Gitter als Antenne zur Reflexion angeordnet ist und durch unterschiedliche Laufzeiten der reflektierten elektromagnetischen Wellenanteile eine Subtraktion durchführbar ist.Furthermore, it is proposed that a metallic grating be arranged as an antenna for reflection in the outer layer and that a subtraction can be carried out by different transit times of the reflected electromagnetic wave components.

Zur Herstellung der Wärmedämmung wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das darin besteht, daß ein groß- und offenporiger Kunststoffschaum als Grundgerüst zur Bildung eines elektrischen Nichtleiters eingesetzt wird, in das elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähige Materialien durch einen Sprühvorgang eingelagert werden und anschließend durch einen feinzelligen Kunststoff das Grundgerüst ausgeschäumt wird.For the production of thermal insulation, a method is proposed which consists in that a large and open-pore plastic foam is used as the basic structure for the formation of an electrical non-conductor into which is electrically and / or magnetically conductive Materials are stored by spraying and then the basic structure is foamed using a fine-cell plastic.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Fassadenaufbaus als Schnittdarstellung schematisch gezeigt.In the drawing, an embodiment of a facade structure is shown schematically as a sectional view.

Auf eine Gebäudewand 1 aus Stahlbeton ist eine Wärme­dämmschicht 2 aufgebracht, die in Form von Flächenele­menten oder Bahnen ausgebildet ist.On a building wall 1 made of reinforced concrete, a heat insulation layer 2 is applied, which is designed in the form of surface elements or sheets.

Die Wärmedämmschicht 2 ist aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff, wie Polyurethan, als elektrischer Nicht­leiter aufgebaut, in den elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähige Materialien eingelagert sind. Durch diese Materialien, wie Rußpartikel bzw. Carbonyleisenpulver, werden Leitfähigkeitsbereiche gebildet, deren Abmes­sungen in allen Ebenen mindestens 1000-fach geringer als die Wellenlänge der zu absorbierenden elektromag­netischen Wellen sind und einen Anteil von bis zu 10 % des Volumens der Wärmedämmschicht aufweist.The thermal barrier coating 2 is constructed from a foamed plastic, such as polyurethane, as an electrical non-conductor, in which electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials are embedded. These materials, such as soot particles or carbonyl iron powder, form conductivity regions whose dimensions in all planes are at least 1000 times less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be absorbed and which account for up to 10% of the volume of the thermal barrier coating.

In diesem Fall ist auf der absorbierenden Wärmedämm­schicht 2 zusätzlich eine Schicht 3 aus feuerhemmendem Material zum Flammenschutz aufgebracht, falls dieser durch die Wärmedämmschicht 2 nicht gewährleistet ist.In this case, a layer 3 of fire-retardant material for flame protection is additionally applied to the absorbent thermal insulation layer 2 if this is not guaranteed by the thermal insulation layer 2.

Ferner ist unter Zwischenschaltung einer Luftschicht 4 eine die Fassadenaußenseite bildende Abdeckung 5 angeordnet, die aus einem elektrischen Nichtleiter, wie Resoplan, Trespa oder Faserzement, besteht.Furthermore, with the interposition of an air layer 4, a cover 5, which forms the outside of the facade, is arranged, which consists of an electrical non-conductor, such as Resoplan, Trespa or fiber cement.

Claims (8)

1. Fassadenaufbau von Hochbauten, wie Gebäuden, in wärmedämmender Ausbildung, wobei die Fassaden­außenseite durch eine Abdeckung gebildet und zwischen Gebäudewand und Abdeckung eine Wärmedämm­schicht angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmedämmschicht (2) vor reflektierenden Bauelementen von elektromagnetischen Wellen im Bereich von Radarwellen im Außenbereich der Ge­bäudewand (1) angeordnet und aus absorbierendem Material für die elektromagnetischen Wellen be­steht, das aus einem geschäumten Kunststoff als elektrischer Nichtleiter gebildet ist, in das elektrisch leitfähige und/oder magnetische Mate­rialien zur Bildung von Leitfähigkeitsbereichen eingelagert sind, deren Abmessungen in allen Ebenen mindestens 1000-fach geringer als die Wellenlänge der zu absorbierenden elektromagnetischen Wellen sind und einen Anteil von bis zu 10 % des Volumens der Wärmedämmschicht aufweisen und daß die vorge­schaltete Abdeckung (5) aus einem elektrischen Nichtleiter besteht.1. facade construction of buildings, such as buildings, in heat-insulating training, the facade outside being formed by a cover and a heat insulation layer is arranged between the building wall and cover, characterized in that the heat insulation layer (2) in front of reflective components of electromagnetic waves in the range of radar waves in Arranged outside of the building wall (1) and consists of absorbent material for the electromagnetic waves, which is formed from a foamed plastic as an electrical non-conductor, into the electrically conductive and / or magnetic materials to form conductivity areas are stored, the dimensions of which are at least 1000 times smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be absorbed in all planes and have a share of up to 10% of the volume of the thermal insulation layer and that the upstream cover (5) consists of an electrical non-conductor. 2. Fassadenaufbau nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Schichtdicke der Wärmedämmschicht (2) derart in ihrer Schichtdicke bemessen ist, daß die Energie der auf die reflektierenden Bauteile auftretenden elektromagnetischen Wellen nahezu Null wird.2. Facade structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer thickness of the thermal barrier coating (2) is dimensioned in such a way that the energy of the electromagnetic waves occurring on the reflecting components is almost zero. 3. Fassadenaufbau nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als elektrisch leitendes Material Rußpartikel angeordnet sind.3. Facade structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that soot particles are arranged as an electrically conductive material. 4. Fassadenaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als magnetisches Material Carbonyleisenpulver einsetzbar ist.4. Facade structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that carbonyl iron powder can be used as the magnetic material. 5. Fassadenaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmedämmschicht (2) aus mehreren Schichten aufgebaut ist, die jeweils unterschiedliche Konzentrationen mit elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähigen Mate­rialien aufweisen.5. Facade structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thermal barrier coating (2) is constructed from several layers, each having different concentrations with electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials. 6. Fassadenaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmedämmschicht (2) zur Absorption an ihrer Außenseite eine zu­sätzliche Schicht (3) aus feuerhemmendem Material zum Flammenschutz aufweist.6. Facade structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat insulation layer (2) has an additional layer (3) of fire-retardant material for flame protection on its outside for absorption. 7. Fassadenaufbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Außenschicht (5) ein metallisches Gitter als Antenne zur Reflexion angeordnet ist und durch unterschiedliche Lauf­zeiten der reflektierten elektromagnetischen Wellenanteile eine Subtraktion durchführbar ist.7. Facade structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the outer layer (5) a metallic grating is arranged as an antenna for reflection and a subtraction can be carried out by different transit times of the reflected electromagnetic wave components. 8. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmedämmschicht für den Fassadenaufbau von Hochbauten gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein groß- und offenporiger Kunststoffschaum als Grundgerüst zur Bildung eines elektrischen Nicht­leiters eingesetzt wird, in das elektrisch und/oder magnetisch leitfähige Materialien durch einen Sprühvorgang eingelagert werden und anschließend durch einen feinzelligen Kunststoff das Grundgerüst ausgeschäumt wird.8. A method for producing a thermal barrier coating for the facade structure of high-rise buildings according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a large and open-pore plastic foam is used as the basic structure for forming an electrical non-conductor into which electrically and / or magnetically conductive materials a spraying process and then the basic structure is foamed using a fine-cell plastic.
EP89123646A 1989-01-13 1989-12-21 Facade structure of a building with thermal insulation and method of producing an insulation Withdrawn EP0377878A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3900857 1989-01-13
DE3900857A DE3900857A1 (en) 1989-01-13 1989-01-13 FACADE BUILDING OF BUILDINGS IN THERMAL INSULATION TRAINING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THERMAL INSULATION

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EP0377878A1 true EP0377878A1 (en) 1990-07-18

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EP89123646A Withdrawn EP0377878A1 (en) 1989-01-13 1989-12-21 Facade structure of a building with thermal insulation and method of producing an insulation

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US (1) US5083127A (en)
EP (1) EP0377878A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02232996A (en)
DE (1) DE3900857A1 (en)

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US5353029A (en) * 1993-05-17 1994-10-04 Johnston Beverly R Separable electromagnetic waveguide attenuator
US5643512A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-07-01 Northrop Grumman Corporation Methods for producing ceramic foams using pre-ceramic resins combined with liquid phenolic resin

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US5083127A (en) 1992-01-21
DE3900857A1 (en) 1990-07-26
JPH02232996A (en) 1990-09-14

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