EP0377375A1 - Verpackung mit Faltklappen aus einem L-förmigen Karton-Zuschnitt - Google Patents

Verpackung mit Faltklappen aus einem L-förmigen Karton-Zuschnitt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0377375A1
EP0377375A1 EP89403617A EP89403617A EP0377375A1 EP 0377375 A1 EP0377375 A1 EP 0377375A1 EP 89403617 A EP89403617 A EP 89403617A EP 89403617 A EP89403617 A EP 89403617A EP 0377375 A1 EP0377375 A1 EP 0377375A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
flaps
container according
panel
transverse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89403617A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0377375B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Chevalier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89403617T priority Critical patent/ATE74862T1/de
Publication of EP0377375A1 publication Critical patent/EP0377375A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0377375B1 publication Critical patent/EP0377375B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/0245—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end closures formed by inward folding of flaps, to form a sunken or hollow end wall, e.g. for the packaging of books
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/04—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks
    • B65D75/14—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks folded-up around all sides of the contents from a portion on which the contents are placed

Definitions

  • Containers which consist of a strip of cardboard, generally of corrugated cardboard, of rectangular shape and carrying on its so-called “internal” face two flaps arranged face to face, transversely, above a part of the strip, the l the area constitutes a base on which the object or objects to be conditioned are placed.
  • the actual strip is folded transversely to itself, that is to say perpendicular to the direction of the initial folding of the flaps, and the object (s) are then wrapped on all sides, the strip being kept folded by various possible means: adhesive, staples, belt with a link, etc. to constitute a finished container.
  • the flaps are fixed to the base (most often by gluing) by lateral margins, along the longitudinal edges of the strip, so that after folding it, it appears on the two small "faces” of the container , hollows bordered by a "sidewalk” on their four sides and therefore particularly effective for the protection of the wrapped object or objects.
  • the small "faces” of the finished container are in fact constituted by the fraction of the flaps located between the inverted folds created respectively during the lifting and during the folding down of said flaps.
  • the width of the margins according to which the flaps are attached to the strip determines the width of the "sidewalk” which transfers the small "face” inwards, the strip having, after folding, lateral edges all aligned with each other and with the outer edge of the margins.
  • document FR-A-2,563,192 which describes a package made up of a rectangular band, one end of which is secured to an external panel carrying the flaps and which must be folded down transversely then attached to the strip itself.
  • Such packaging is economical because it comes from a blank which is itself rectangular and, therefore, of a particularly rational geometry owing to the fact that the blanks are cut from plates, themselves coming from strips in coils, so that '' by judiciously choosing the dimensions of the plates and blanks, all material scraps are absolutely eliminated and an economical and rational production is achieved.
  • the strips during manufacture are moved in the machine by means of mechanical drive members such as belts or roller trains.
  • drive members such as belts or roller trains.
  • a container of the type targeted by the present invention being obtained from a rectangular strip devoid of any part projecting laterally, the drive members are necessarily placed on the strip itself, that is to say where precisely we must fold down the panel.
  • the blank is badly maintained because the drive belts obviously cannot be on the panel to be folded down, which must remain free, but neither can they be located at the location of the strip which is to receive this panel.
  • the belts are laterally offset by a very large distance since the one closest to the panel to be folded is at a distance equal to twice the width thereof.
  • the present invention overcomes the drawbacks mentioned above by reconciling the advantages of a perfectly rectangular blank with the technical requirements of existing machines, all to achieve a container having at least the characteristics and advantages already known, these can even be increased thanks to additional improvements.
  • the subject of the invention is a container intended to wrap at least one object by folding panels and shutters forming part of the same strip of cardboard, or similar material, strip of the type comprising an area on which are located two flaps fixed to it by lateral margins, these flaps and their margins together constituting a single panel external to the strip proper, folded over said strip and fixed to it by the margins of the flaps, characterized in that the external panel is integral of the strip along a fraction of one of its longitudinal edges and is folded over the internal face of the strip along the said fraction of the longitudinal edge in question.
  • a transverse edge of the single outer panel is aligned with one of the two transverse ends of the strip;
  • the transverse edges of the single exterior panel are distant from the two transverse ends of the strip;
  • the two flaps are determined by cutting lines of the single external panel which on the one hand have segments which are substantially transverse to the flaps, and therefore substantially longitudinal to the strip, and on the other hand at least one connecting segment from the previous ones, determining edges which belong respectively to each of the two flaps and which are oriented so that by mutual contact they are geometrically incompatible with the relative spacing of the two flaps, at least over part of their length;
  • the container comprises a single connecting segment which is rectilinear and oblique;
  • the container comprises at least one link segment which has sinuosities;
  • - the link segment has a sawtooth path;
  • - the sinuosities have a rounded top and bottom;
  • the strip being made of corrugated cardboard, the grooves of which are transverse to the strip, and therefore
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a container of the above type, characterized in that it consists in determining by cutting and marking in the same plate at least two blanks intended to constitute two identical containers placed at the head spade and each comprising a rectangular strip and a single side panel, to fold the blanks against each other so that the side panel of each is applied to the strip of the other, to fix said panel to said strip by margins and to separate the two containers to make them independent of each other, each of said containers having a strip and a panel fixed on it and having two lateral margins and two flaps.
  • a container according to the invention which comprises a strip of cardboard corrugated 1 having two longitudinal sides 2 and 3 and two ends respectively 4 and 5 perpendicular to the sides 2 and 3, so that the strip has a perfectly rectangular outline.
  • This strip 1 is integral with a single lateral panel 6 determined by two transverse edges 7 and 8, a longitudinal edge 9 and a fold line 10.
  • the two transverse edges 7 and 8 have the same extent which is equal to the width of strip 1, that is to say that the edges 4, 5, 7 and 8 are equal.
  • the single panel 6 is marked on the one hand with two fold lines 11 and 12 parallel and spaced apart by a distance x , respectively from the edge 9 and the fold line 10 and on the other hand by a median cut line 13 determining two parts 14 and 15.
  • the container according to the invention is absolutely complete since it includes all the parts which are necessary for its use but it is still only virtual because it is necessary that the flaps 14 and 15 are at plumb with the strip 1 and preferably fixed to the latter.
  • the fold lines 11 and 12 determine margins 18 and 19 of width x intended to be fixed to the strip 1, advantageously by gluing. This position is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • a small bead 10 a has been shown on either side of the folding line 10 but in reality, this folding is almost invisible.
  • corrugated cardboard "double face" is made up of three sheets: two flat outer sheets glued to a corrugated inner sheet.
  • the fold line 10 cuts the flat sheet of the external face of the strip 1 and the corrugated sheet leaving intact the flat sheet of the internal face of the strip 1. After folding, the slice appears as a whole cut because one discerns with a lot of attention the flat sheet folded on itself. The folding is therefore practically invisible and the bead 10 a does not exist.
  • the flaps After separation of the flaps 14 and 15 along the cutoff line 13, the flaps each have an edge respectively 14 a and 15 a , transverse to them and therefore longitudinal to the strip 1.
  • the hole 20 gives rise to two notches 20 a and 20 b on edges 14 a and 15 a .
  • the object or objects to be wrapped are placed on the base 21 after the flaps 14 and 15 have been straightened, then these are folded down on the book A by folding them as closely as possible from its upper edges, along lines 22 and 23 which are preferably pre-marked, especially if the container is made of corrugated cardboard, the grooves of which are transverse to the strip 1 and therefore perpendicular to lines 22 and 23, which is the case here (the grooves 24 are visible in the cutaway of Figure 1).
  • the strip 1 is folded transversely to itself along lines which are easily formed, thanks to the grooves 24, at the edges of the volume formed by the book A and the flaps 14 and 14 folded over it.
  • two identical blanks 100 and 200 are created placed head to tail. These blanks are created by marking cut lines and fold lines which have the same references as those in FIGS. 1 to 4 but combined with the first hundred or the second hundred depending on whether they belong to blank 100 or blank 200 .
  • a longitudinal cut 40 and two transverse cuts 41 and 42 are created, creating attachment points 43, 44 and in order to allow the relative holding then the subsequent separation of the two blanks 100. and 200 to obtain two separate containers.
  • the cardboard element constituting the pair of blanks 100-200 of FIG. 5 is introduced into a machine of known type having guides and means for driving said element in its longitudinal direction.
  • the conventional solution of mobile drive belts 300 and 301 parallel and situated respectively under and on the cardboard element which is thus pinched by them has been mentioned, these being placed approximately in the middle of the width of the blank 200.
  • the machine is provided with nozzles 302 and 303 situated above the blank 200, directly above the zones which should constitute margins 118-218 and 119-219 (corresponding to margins 18 and 19 of FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • These arrangements are known per se and are associated with an automatically adjusted adhesive dispensing mechanism.
  • the cardboard element being supposed to move in the direction of the arrow F4, the nozzles 302 and 303 first deposit, simultaneously, two tapes of adhesive 219 a and 218 a on the strip 201, where the margins 219 and 218 of the panel 206, then then, simultaneously, two strips of adhesive 118 a and 119 a on the panel 106, where the margins 118 and 119 must be stuck on the strip 101.
  • the deposition of the adhesive occurs in a conventional and simple manner: by delaying the dispensing mechanism, the ribbons deposited being parallel to the direction of movement of the cardboard element.
  • the belt 300 supports the cardboard element and can extend over the entire length of the machine.
  • the belt 301 passes over a return pulley (not shown) situated just before the place where the blank 100 and the panel 206 are to be applied, by straightening then folding down, on the panel 106 and the blank 200.
  • Figure 6 shows this operation: in solid line is the part which remains parallel to itself on the machine, that is to say the blank 200, comprising the strip 201 and the panel 106.
  • the blank 100 comprising the strip 101 and the panel 206 in their starting position (the cardboard element is still "flat").
  • two intermediate positions of the blank 100 and of the panel 206 have been represented: they have been raised according to the arrow F5 from their original position and are being folded down according to the arrow F6 against the blank 200 and the panel 106.
  • the location of the return pulley of the belt 300, the guides and the helical belt is coordinated.
  • the latter exerts pressure on the blank to be folded down, pressure having a vertical component which contributes to maintaining not only the mobile part 100-206 but even the horizontal part 200-106 when the latter has escaped from the belt 300.
  • a known pressure mechanism in the ground ensures the setting of the adhesive, so that two complete containers have been arranged arranged head to tail, one 100-106 and the other 200-206.
  • attachment points 43, 44 and 45 By simple means and within the reach of those skilled in the art, it is sufficient to separate them by breaking the attachment points 43, 44 and 45. It should be noted that the two folded parts having two hinges that are the fold lines 110 and 210, the attachment points 43 are not essential.
  • This manufacturing method makes it possible to use practically standard machines and since two containers are obtained at the same time, at a given speed, there is a double production and a cost price clearly lowered.
  • the part of the flaps 14 and 15 placed on the objects and applied against them by the folded strip 1 is short while correspondingly the part of the flaps 14 and 15 straightened is long.
  • the object is shorter than the distance between lines 11 and 12, it can move more or less suddenly during the movements that the container undergoes during its transport and its handling. These transverse movements of the object are facilitated if it is slippery, which may be the case with glossy jacketed books.
  • FIGS. 8 to 19 different variants of the mechanical means for holding the shutters have been shown and, to simplify the drawing, only the panel 6 has been shown, to the exclusion of the other parts of the container.
  • the flaps 14 and 15 when they are flat, before straightening, are edge to edge (with the example of FIGS. 1 to 7, the edges are created by a single and same cut line 13).
  • they can no longer be edge to edge because they are each shortened, in the plane parallel to the base 21, of a length at least equal to the thickness of the object A.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 it can be seen that their original length L is subdivided into a height h corresponding to the thickness of the object A and a remaining length l . Their facing edges are therefore more or less separated according to this thickness.
  • the flaps 14 and 15 are differentiated by section lines which include two substantially transverse segments 50 and 51 and an oblique connecting segment 52.
  • FIG. 9 it can be seen that after separation of the flaps 14 and 15, straightening of the latter and folding down on the object A, the edges created by the segments 50 and 51 are separated. As for the edges (or edges) created by the connecting segment 52, they are placed one against the other during the folding of the flaps 14 and 15 but given the obliquity of the segment 52, this can only be obtained by a perpendicular spacing (longitudinal to the strip 1 and transverse to the flaps) correlative to the flaps 14 and 15, spacing made possible by the elasticity of the carton and the structure of the container.
  • the strip 1 during its transverse folding applies as close as possible to the longitudinal edges 7 and 8 of the flaps 14 and 15 (transverse to the strip 1) and vigorously opposes their lateral spacing because any force directed laterally ( and therefore transverse to the strip 1) tends to spread the flaps 14 and 15, but by the ramp effect of the oblique edges, this lateral effort is transformed into a longitudinal effort to the strip 1 which the strip 1 folded over easily herself.
  • the flaps 14 and 15 are determined by section lines comprising two segments substantially transverse to the flaps 50 and 51 and by two connecting segments themselves having three fractions respectively 53, 54 and 55, 53 ′, 54 ′ and 55′ creating a central void 56 and two opposite and interpenetrating hooks 57 and 58.
  • FIG. 11 it can be seen that after the flaps 14 and 15 have been straightened and then folded down on the object A, the ends of the flaps have moved apart and, therefore, the hooks 57 and 58 have moved together until be in contact with each other and thus oppose any additional spacing of the flaps 14 and 15.
  • Each flap 14-15 thus has two teeth 60-61 and 60′-61 ′. Before use, the four teeth are engaged.
  • FIG. 13 it can be seen that after the flaps 14 and 15 are straightened and then folded down on the object A, only the teeth 61 and 60 ′ are engaged, that is to say that this variant, like that of FIGS. 10 and 11 gives only one locking position and is therefore only advantageous for an object A of known dimensions.
  • FIG. 14 a variant close to that of FIGS. 12 and 13 has been shown since there is a single connecting segment 62 in sawtooth.
  • the flap 14 has three saw teeth 63, 64 and 65, the flap 15 also having three 63 ′, 64 ′ and 65 ′.
  • edges in contact with the saw teeth are no longer oblique but perpendicular to the direction of the lateral forces.
  • This variant therefore combines the positive blocking of Figures 10 and 11 and a possibility of adjustment.
  • FIG. 16 a variant is shown according to which a single connecting segment 66 has a sinuous course and no longer in a sawtooth pattern but according to a series of tongues with rounded tops and bottoms.
  • FIG. 17 it can be seen that after the flaps 14 and 15 are straightened and then folded down on the object A, the tongues are engaged in greater or lesser number depending on the spacing of the flaps (depending on the value of the residual width l indicated in figure 3).
  • This variant illustrates the possibility that the invention gives of adapting a container of given dimensions to objects A of different formats according to a gradation all the more fine as the number of tongues is large.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates another variant of the same type according to which a part of one of the flaps is trapped between two parallel sides of a housing of the other flap, this structure preventing the displacements of the flaps described with reference to FIGS. 8- 9 and 12-13.
  • the flaps 14 and 15 are determined by cutting lines having three segments substantially transverse to the flaps 67, 68 and 69 offset and joined by two connecting segments with sinuous paths 70 and 71 forming two series of tongues with tops and bottoms rounded. This constitutes a tab 72 integral with the flap 14 and a housing 73 in the flap 15.
  • FIG. 19 it can be seen that after the flaps 14 and 15 have been straightened and then folded down on the object A, the tabs of the tab 72 are engaged with the tabs of the housing 73 in greater or lesser number depending on the spacing of the flaps (according to the value of the residual width l indicated in FIG. 3).
  • the tab 72 has at its end a notch 74 for inserting a finger.
  • FIG. 20 we see the sinuous drawing of a connecting segment of the same type as the segment 66 of FIGS. 16-17 and that the segments 70-71 of FIGS. 18-19. For simplicity, it is designated by the sole reference 66.
  • the cut crosses the corrugated cardboard sheet over its entire thickness and therefore concerns the planar upper sheet 80, the corrugated inner sheet 81 and the planar lower sheet 82 and it is verified here that the axis of the segment 66 is parallel to the axis of the corrugated sheet grooves 81.
  • the depth P1 of the tongues must be at least equal to one and a half times the pitch P2 of the grooves of the sheet 81.
  • the pitch P2 is measured indifferently between two consecutive vertices s , between two consecutive bottoms f or between two consecutive midpoints p .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
EP89403617A 1989-01-03 1989-12-22 Verpackung mit Faltklappen aus einem L-förmigen Karton-Zuschnitt Expired - Lifetime EP0377375B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89403617T ATE74862T1 (de) 1989-01-03 1989-12-22 Verpackung mit faltklappen aus einem l-foermigen karton-zuschnitt.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900015 1989-01-03
FR8900015A FR2641256B1 (fr) 1989-01-03 1989-01-03 Contenant a volets rabattables formes a partir d'une partie originairement situee lateralement a une bande de carton

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0377375A1 true EP0377375A1 (de) 1990-07-11
EP0377375B1 EP0377375B1 (de) 1992-04-15

Family

ID=9377440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403617A Expired - Lifetime EP0377375B1 (de) 1989-01-03 1989-12-22 Verpackung mit Faltklappen aus einem L-förmigen Karton-Zuschnitt

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0377375B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE74862T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2007036A1 (de)
DE (1) DE68901257D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2641256B1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5248034A (en) * 1991-05-02 1993-09-28 Pussikeskus Oy Book package blank and method and machine for its fabrication
GB2315738B (en) * 1996-07-29 1999-03-10 Clifford White Kelso Fibreboard packing case
FR2809709A1 (fr) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-07 Allardi Etui a dispositif de rigidification et a fermeture securisee
WO2010025751A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Amazon Europe Holding Technologies Scs Mailing package
GB2481123A (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-14 Ds Smith Packaging Ltd Foldable blank for a carton
GB2511428A (en) * 2013-02-20 2014-09-03 Packaging One Ltd Wrap around container
GB2564428A (en) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-16 Lil Packaging Ltd Wrap container

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111730342B (zh) * 2020-07-01 2022-03-18 俊杰机械(深圳)有限公司 一种钢带卷料在线剪切焊接机

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093243A (en) * 1961-06-22 1963-06-11 Standard Paper Box Corp Package for small electrical articles
US3263897A (en) * 1964-03-03 1966-08-02 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Package wrapper
DE3318549A1 (de) * 1983-05-20 1984-11-22 Robert Nestler, Wellpappenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, 7630 Lahr Verpackung
FR2595320A1 (fr) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-11 Emballage Carton Sa Procede et dispositif pour l'emballage automatique d'objets dans des enveloppes en carton

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093243A (en) * 1961-06-22 1963-06-11 Standard Paper Box Corp Package for small electrical articles
US3263897A (en) * 1964-03-03 1966-08-02 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Package wrapper
DE3318549A1 (de) * 1983-05-20 1984-11-22 Robert Nestler, Wellpappenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, 7630 Lahr Verpackung
FR2595320A1 (fr) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-11 Emballage Carton Sa Procede et dispositif pour l'emballage automatique d'objets dans des enveloppes en carton

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5248034A (en) * 1991-05-02 1993-09-28 Pussikeskus Oy Book package blank and method and machine for its fabrication
GB2315738B (en) * 1996-07-29 1999-03-10 Clifford White Kelso Fibreboard packing case
FR2809709A1 (fr) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-07 Allardi Etui a dispositif de rigidification et a fermeture securisee
WO2010025751A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Amazon Europe Holding Technologies Scs Mailing package
GB2481123A (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-14 Ds Smith Packaging Ltd Foldable blank for a carton
GB2511428A (en) * 2013-02-20 2014-09-03 Packaging One Ltd Wrap around container
GB2511428B (en) * 2013-02-20 2015-05-06 Packaging One Ltd Wrap around container
GB2564428A (en) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-16 Lil Packaging Ltd Wrap container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2007036A1 (fr) 1990-07-03
ATE74862T1 (de) 1992-05-15
DE68901257D1 (de) 1992-05-21
FR2641256A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
FR2641256B1 (fr) 1991-03-29
EP0377375B1 (de) 1992-04-15

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