EP0376823B1 - Process and device for the flow rate control of liquid CO2, and their use in a cooling tunnel - Google Patents

Process and device for the flow rate control of liquid CO2, and their use in a cooling tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376823B1
EP0376823B1 EP89403619A EP89403619A EP0376823B1 EP 0376823 B1 EP0376823 B1 EP 0376823B1 EP 89403619 A EP89403619 A EP 89403619A EP 89403619 A EP89403619 A EP 89403619A EP 0376823 B1 EP0376823 B1 EP 0376823B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
pipe
valve
liquid
downstream
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EP89403619A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0376823A1 (en
EP0376823B2 (en
Inventor
Patrick Micheau
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Carboxyque Francaise SA
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Carboxyque Francaise SA
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Carboxyque Francaise SA, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Carboxyque Francaise SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23762—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/451—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting one liquid into another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/48—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying characterised by the nature of the liquids
    • B01F23/481—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying characterised by the nature of the liquids using liquefied or cryogenic gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/10—Arrangements for preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0114—Propulsion of the fluid with vacuum injectors, e.g. venturi
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/024—Improving metering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a device for regulating a flow of liquid C0 2 in a distribution pipe provided with a regulating valve and leading to at least one C0 2 injection station.
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • C0 2 is most often delivered in liquefied form and stored in this form in a tank.
  • the characteristics of the processes require the ability to adapt the flow of C0 2 to the load to be treated; it is therefore necessary to regulate the flow of C0 2 as a function of the characteristic parameters of the process: measurement of the pH in water treatments, measurement of temperature in cryogenic treatments, for example.
  • the regulating method which is theoretically the most precise and economical with regard to the consumption of C0 2 is that of continuously regulating the flow of liquid C0 2 using a pilot valve with variable opening. , controlled by a proportional, derivative and integral regulator.
  • the principle of such a valve is to present a restriction on the flow of the fluid.
  • the section of this restriction is adjusted by means of a shutter element, moving continuously between two extreme positions under the effect of electrical or pneumatic energy.
  • the C0 2 is present upstream of this valve at a pressure close to that of the reservoir, ie 11 to 60 ⁇ 10 5 Pa depending on the case.
  • the section restriction causes, according to the laws of the flow of fluids, a loss of pressure all the more important as the section of passage to the shutter is low.
  • the valve assumes a position close to its complete closure.
  • the cross-sectional restriction is then maximum, and the pressure drop at the passage of the shutter is large enough for the pressure of the C0 2 downstream of the valve to take values less than 5.2 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • This value of 5.2 x 10 5 Pa is the pressure of the triple point of the C0 2 value below which the C0 2 liquid instantly transforms a mixture of C0 2 and gaseous C0 2 solid (dry ice) .
  • control valves which can be used for these processes are such that the small diameter and the tortuous shape of the pipes immediately downstream of the shutter lead to immediate blockage as soon as carbon dioxide snow appears.
  • Document FR-A-2,142,309 describes a device for atomizing liquid C0 2 comprising a line for dispensing liquid C0 2 provided with an all-or-nothing actuation valve, as mentioned above, operating alternately with an all-or-nothing valve a gas supply line for C0 2 supplying, at the outlet of the device, a gaseous stream of pre-pressurization of this outlet.
  • the invention aims to allow in all cases, simply and reliably, the use of a continuously piloted valve.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that it maintains, permanently during the whole operation of delivering the flow of C0 2 , at least in the part of the pipe downstream of the valve, until 'near the injection point of C0 2 , an intermediate pressure higher than the pressure of the triple point of C0 2 .
  • the C0 2 gas prior to connecting the dispensing line to a C0 2 liquid reservoir, is injected into this line upstream and downstream of the valve, the C0 2 gas at a pressure between the pressure of the triple point and said intermediate pressure.
  • the invention also relates to a device for regulating a flow of liquid C0 2 for the implementation of such a method.
  • a device comprising a pressurized C0 2 reservoir connected to a liquid C0 2 dispensing line comprising a regulating valve and to a gaseous withdrawal line comprising a pressure reducer and terminating, via a first non-return valve in a downstream part of the draw-off line downstream of the valve, is characterized in that the downstream part of the distribution line leads to at least one diaphragm type overflow carrying a shutter cooperating with an ejection seat, the membrane being biased in the direction closing the valve by an adjustable effect spring.
  • Document GB-A-807.088 describes a device for pressurizing a container with C0 2 prove from a source of liquid C0 2 , the device comprising a shutter cooperating with an orifice for expansion of the liquid C0 2 and coupled to a membrane so as to be kept normally open as long as the gas pressure in the container does not exceed one determined value.
  • the regulating device represented in FIG. 1 is intended to supply a variable flow of C0 2 at an injection point A from a storage tank 2 in which a pressure PS is maintained which is clearly higher than the pressure PT at the point triple C0 2 (5.2 bars), and generally between 11 and 60 bars.
  • Point A is at a determined pressure PO, for example substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, but in any case less than PT.
  • the regulating device 1 comprises a thermally insulated liquid pipe 3 extending from the lower part of the tank 2 to a spillway 4.
  • a pilot valve 5 is interposed in this pipe and defines therein an upstream section 6, of the tank to the valve, and a downstream section 7, from the valve to the spillway.
  • This valve includes a shutter, the position of which can vary continuously between a maximum opening position and a completely closed position, under the action of a motor 8.
  • the latter is controlled by a regulator 9 which receives from a measuring instrument 10 (for example a pH meter or a thermometer) a signal representative of the pilot quantity.
  • a measuring instrument 10 for example a pH meter or a thermometer
  • the overflow valve 4 (FIG. 2) comprises a housing 11 divided into two chambers by a membrane 12.
  • a helical spring 13, the force of which is adjustable by means of a screw 14, is arranged in one of these chambers, while the other chamber (the lower chamber in FIG. 2) receives the fluid contained in the pipe section 7.
  • a shutter rod 15 is integral with the membrane and ends in a shutter 16 cooperating with a seat 17 located at the entrance to the outlet orifice 18 of the spillway.
  • Elements 13 to 18 are all coaxial.
  • the shutter 16 lifts from its seat if and only if the pressure prevailing in the lower chamber of the overflow exceeds the pressure corresponding to the force of the spring 13. It is therefore possible to adjust the screw 14 so that this opening occurs when the pressure in the section 7 is at least equal to an intermediate pressure PI greater than the pressure PT.
  • a gaseous CO 2 pipe 19 starts from the upper part of the tank 2 and comprises, from upstream to downstream, a stop valve 20 and a pressure reducer 21.
  • the latter delivers downstream a pressure P2 greater than PT but less than Pl Downstream of the regulator 21, the pipe 19 is divided into two branches 22 and 23 ending respectively in the sections 6 and 7 respectively of the pipe 3.
  • Each branch is equipped with a non-return valve 24 not authorizing the circulation of fluid only from regulator 21 to line 3.
  • the liquid C0 2 is admitted into the pipe 3.
  • the overflow valve 4 opens when the pressure in the section 7 is greater than the value Pl, and a jet of dry ice comes out then from the orifice 18.
  • the evacuation of this snow is carried out without hindrance thanks to the arrangement of the orifice 18 in the axis of the membrane-shutter system.
  • FIG. 4 An application of the variant of FIG. 3 is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 4. It is the regulation, from a pH measurement, of a flow of liquid C0 2 injected into a waste water pipe. 26 to neutralize a basic effluent.
  • the pipe 25 opens into a venturi 27 intended to inject and disperse the carbon dioxide snow in the water flow.
  • FIG. 5 a variant of the device of Figure 1 in which the pipe section 7 is divided into three branches 7A to 7C each leading to a respective overflow 4A to 4C. This makes it possible to supply C0 2 at several injection points and, by adopting different pressure settings for each outlet, to inject C0 2 flow rates that can be adjusted individually for each injection point.
  • This possibility is particularly advantageous for, for example, producing more or less cold zones in a longitudinal tunnel for freezing food products, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the regulation of the valve 5 is carried out on the basis of a single temperature measurement carried out near the exit of the tunnel.
  • the C0 2 is injected in parallel by the overhangs 4A to 4C in order to distribute the refrigeration supply over the length of the tunnel 28.
  • the overflow 4A located on the inlet side 29 of the products to be treated, conveyed by a belt conveyor 30, generates a C0 2 flow rate higher than the others due to its setting on a lower PI-A pressure.
  • this first outlet may be the only one to flow.
  • FIG. 5 makes it possible to obtain in a simple and economical manner a reliable and precise regulation of the freezing process.
  • the invention can be applied to many other processes consuming C0 2 . It is particularly well suited for applications requiring a significant flow of C0 2 (at least 100 kg / h), delivered almost continuously and at a variable rate in a ratio of 1 to 5 approximately.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

According to the process, there is maintained in a conduit (3), on the downstream side of a valve (5), up to the vicinity of the point A of injection of the CO2, an intermediate pressure (PI) higher than the pressure (PT) of the triple point of the CO2. Application in the treatment of waste waters or the deep freezing of food.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé et à un dispositif de régulation d'un débit de C02 liquide dans une conduite distributrice pourvue d'une vanne régulatrice et menant jusqu'à au moins un poste d'injection de C02.The present invention relates to a method and to a device for regulating a flow of liquid C0 2 in a distribution pipe provided with a regulating valve and leading to at least one C0 2 injection station.

Le C02 (anhydride carbonique) est utilisé pour de nombreux procédés, dans le domaine industriel d'une part (par exemple : carbonatation en chimie, neutralisation d'agents basiques et régulation de pH dans le traitement de l'eau), dans le domaine agroalimentaire d'autre part (par exemple : refroidissement et surgélation rapides, contrôle de température).C0 2 (carbon dioxide) is used for many processes, in the industrial field on the one hand (for example: carbonation in chemistry, neutralization of basic agents and pH regulation in water treatment), in the food industry on the other hand (for example: rapid cooling and freezing, temperature control).

Pour ces applications, compte tenu des besoins, le C02 est le plus souvent livré sous forme liquéfiée et stocké sous cette forme dans un réservoir.For these applications, taking into account the requirements, C0 2 is most often delivered in liquefied form and stored in this form in a tank.

Les caractéristiques des procédés nécessitent de pouvoir adapter le débit de C02 à la charge à traiter ; on est donc amené à réguler le débit de C02 en fonction des paramètres caractéristiques du procédé : mesure du pH en traitements d'eau, mesure de température en traitements cryogéniques, par exemple.The characteristics of the processes require the ability to adapt the flow of C0 2 to the load to be treated; it is therefore necessary to regulate the flow of C0 2 as a function of the characteristic parameters of the process: measurement of the pH in water treatments, measurement of temperature in cryogenic treatments, for example.

La méthode de régulation qui est théoriquement la plus précise et la plus économique à l'égard de la consommation de C02 est celle consistant à réguler de façon continue le débit de C02 liquide à l'aide d'une vanne pilotée à ouverture variable, commandée par un régulateur à action proportionnelle, dérivée et intégrale. Le principe d'une telle vanne est de présenter une restriction à l'écoulement du fluide. La section de cette restriction est ajustée à l'aide d'un élément obturateur, se déplaçant de façon continue entre deux positions extrêmes sous l'effet d'une énergie électrique ou pneumatique.The regulating method which is theoretically the most precise and economical with regard to the consumption of C0 2 is that of continuously regulating the flow of liquid C0 2 using a pilot valve with variable opening. , controlled by a proportional, derivative and integral regulator. The principle of such a valve is to present a restriction on the flow of the fluid. The section of this restriction is adjusted by means of a shutter element, moving continuously between two extreme positions under the effect of electrical or pneumatic energy.

Le C02 se présente en amont de cette vanne à une pression proche de celle du réservoir, soit 11 à 60 x 105 Pa suivant les cas. La restriction de section provoque, selon les lois de l'écoulement des fluides, une perte de pression d'autant plus importante que la section de passage à l'obturateur est faible. Lorsque, temporairement, le fonctionnement du procédé est tel que le besoin en C02 est minimal, la vanne prend une position proche de sa fermeture totale. La restriction de section est alors maximale, et la chute de pression au passage de l'obturateur est suffisamment importante pour que la pression du C02en aval de la vanne prenne des valeurs inférieures à 5,2 x 105 Pa.The C0 2 is present upstream of this valve at a pressure close to that of the reservoir, ie 11 to 60 × 10 5 Pa depending on the case. The section restriction causes, according to the laws of the flow of fluids, a loss of pressure all the more important as the section of passage to the shutter is low. When, temporarily, the operation of the process is such that the need for C0 2 is minimal, the valve assumes a position close to its complete closure. The cross-sectional restriction is then maximum, and the pressure drop at the passage of the shutter is large enough for the pressure of the C0 2 downstream of the valve to take values less than 5.2 × 10 5 Pa.

Cette valeur de 5,2 x 105 Pa correspond à la pression du point triple du C02, valeur en-deçà de laquelle le C02 liquide se tranforme instantanément en un mélange de C02 gazeux et de C02 solide (neige carbonique).This value of 5.2 x 10 5 Pa is the pressure of the triple point of the C0 2 value below which the C0 2 liquid instantly transforms a mixture of C0 2 and gaseous C0 2 solid (dry ice) .

Or, les caractéristiques de construction des vannes de régulation utilisables pour ces procédés sont telles que le faible diamètre et la forme tortueuse des tuyauteries immédiatement en aval de l'obturateur conduisent à un bouchage immédiat dès l'apparition de neige carbonique.However, the construction characteristics of the control valves which can be used for these processes are such that the small diameter and the tortuous shape of the pipes immediately downstream of the shutter lead to immediate blockage as soon as carbon dioxide snow appears.

Il s'ensuit qu'en pratique, ces vannes de régulation ne sont que rarement utilisables pour la régulation d'un débit de C02 liquide,et que les solutions habituellement adoptées font appel à d'autres techniques : la régulation en tout ou rien, peu précise, ou, lorsque l'application ne nécessite pas du C02 liquide, l'utilisation d'un vaporiseur en amont de la vanne de régulation, ce qui constitue une technique coûteuse en investissement et en énergie.It follows that in practice, these control valves are only rarely used for regulating a flow of liquid C0 2 , and that the solutions usually adopted call on other techniques: all-or-nothing regulation , imprecise, or, when the application does not require liquid C0 2 , the use of a vaporizer upstream of the control valve, which constitutes a technique which is expensive in terms of investment and energy.

Le document FR-A-2.142.309 décrit un dispositif atomiseur de C02 liquide comportant une conduite distributrice de C02 liquide pourvue d'une valve à actionnement tout ou rien, telle que susmentionné, fonctionnant en alternance avec une valve en tout ou rien d'une canalisation d'amenée de C02 gazeux fournissant, en sortie du dispositif, un courant gazeux de pré-pressurisation de cette sortie.Document FR-A-2,142,309 describes a device for atomizing liquid C0 2 comprising a line for dispensing liquid C0 2 provided with an all-or-nothing actuation valve, as mentioned above, operating alternately with an all-or-nothing valve a gas supply line for C0 2 supplying, at the outlet of the device, a gaseous stream of pre-pressurization of this outlet.

L'invention a pour but de permettre dans tous les cas, de façon simple et fiable, l'utilisation d'une vanne pilotée de façon continue.The invention aims to allow in all cases, simply and reliably, the use of a continuously piloted valve.

A cet effet, le procédé suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'on maintient, de façon permanente pendant toute l'opération de délivrance du débit de C02, au moins dans la partie de la conduite en aval de la vanne, jusqu'à proximité du point d'injection de C02, une pression intermédiaire supérieure à la pression du point triple du C02.To this end, the method according to the invention is characterized in that it maintains, permanently during the whole operation of delivering the flow of C0 2 , at least in the part of the pipe downstream of the valve, until 'near the injection point of C0 2 , an intermediate pressure higher than the pressure of the triple point of C0 2 .

Avantageusement, avant de relier la conduite distributrice à un réservoir de C02 liquide, on injecte dans cette conduite, en amont et en aval de la vanne, du C02 gazeux à une pression comprise entre la pression du point triple et ladite pression intermédiaire.Advantageously, prior to connecting the dispensing line to a C0 2 liquid reservoir, is injected into this line upstream and downstream of the valve, the C0 2 gas at a pressure between the pressure of the triple point and said intermediate pressure.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif de régulation d'un débit de C02 liquide pour la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé. Un tel dispositif, comprenant un réservoir de C02 sous pression relié à une conduite distributrice de C02 liquide comportant une vanne régulatrice et à une conduite de soutirage gazeux comportant un détendeur et aboutissant, via un premier clapet anti-retour dans une partie aval de la conduite de soutirage en aval de la vanne, est caractérisé en ce que la partie aval de la conduite distributrice aboutit à au moins un déverseur du type à membrane portant un obturateur coopérant avec un siège d'éjection, la membrane étant sollicitée dans le sens de fermeture du clapet par un ressort à effet réglable.The invention also relates to a device for regulating a flow of liquid C0 2 for the implementation of such a method. Such a device, comprising a pressurized C0 2 reservoir connected to a liquid C0 2 dispensing line comprising a regulating valve and to a gaseous withdrawal line comprising a pressure reducer and terminating, via a first non-return valve in a downstream part of the draw-off line downstream of the valve, is characterized in that the downstream part of the distribution line leads to at least one diaphragm type overflow carrying a shutter cooperating with an ejection seat, the membrane being biased in the direction closing the valve by an adjustable effect spring.

Le document GB-A-807.088 décrit un dispositif de pressurisation d'un récipient par du C02 provenant d'une source de C02 liquide, le dispositif comprenant un obturateur coopérant avec un orifice de détente du C02 liquide et couplé à une membrane de façon à être maintenu normalement ouvert tant que la pression de gaz dans le récipient ne dépasse pas une valeur déterminée.Document GB-A-807.088 describes a device for pressurizing a container with C0 2 prove from a source of liquid C0 2 , the device comprising a shutter cooperating with an orifice for expansion of the liquid C0 2 and coupled to a membrane so as to be kept normally open as long as the gas pressure in the container does not exceed one determined value.

Quelques exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du déverseur de ce dispositif;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe longitudinale, à plus grande échelle, d'une variante de ce déverseur;
  • - les figures 4 et 5 illustrent schématiquement des applications du procédé suivant l'invention.
Some examples of implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the overflow of this device;
  • - Figure 3 is a partial view in longitudinal section, on a larger scale, of a variant of this overflow;
  • - Figures 4 and 5 schematically illustrate applications of the method according to the invention.

Le dispositif de régulation représenté à la figure 1 est destiné à fournir un débit variable de C02 en un point d'injection A à partir d'un réservoir de stockage 2 dans lequel est maintenue une pression PS nettement supérieure à la pression PT du point triple du C02 (5,2 bars), et généralement comprise entre 11 et 60 bars. Le point A se trouve à une pression PO déterminée, par exemple sensiblement égale à la pression atmosphérique, mais de toute façon inférieure à PT.The regulating device represented in FIG. 1 is intended to supply a variable flow of C0 2 at an injection point A from a storage tank 2 in which a pressure PS is maintained which is clearly higher than the pressure PT at the point triple C0 2 (5.2 bars), and generally between 11 and 60 bars. Point A is at a determined pressure PO, for example substantially equal to atmospheric pressure, but in any case less than PT.

Le dispositif de régulation 1 comprend une conduite de liquide 3 thermiquement isolée s'étendant de la partie inférieure du réservoir 2 à un déverseur 4. Une vanne pilotée 5 est interposée dans cette conduite et définit dans celle-ci un tronçon amont 6, du réservoir à la vanne, et un tronçon aval 7, de la vanne au déverseur. Cette vanne comporte un obturateur dont la position peut varier de façon continue entre une positon d'ouverture maximale et une position de fermeture totale, sous l'action d'un moteur 8. Ce dernier est commandé par un régulateur 9 qui reçoit d'un instrument de mesure 10 (par exemple un pH mètre ou un thermomètre) un signal représentatif de la grandeur pilote.The regulating device 1 comprises a thermally insulated liquid pipe 3 extending from the lower part of the tank 2 to a spillway 4. A pilot valve 5 is interposed in this pipe and defines therein an upstream section 6, of the tank to the valve, and a downstream section 7, from the valve to the spillway. This valve includes a shutter, the position of which can vary continuously between a maximum opening position and a completely closed position, under the action of a motor 8. The latter is controlled by a regulator 9 which receives from a measuring instrument 10 (for example a pH meter or a thermometer) a signal representative of the pilot quantity.

Le déverseur 4 (figure 2) comprend un boitier 11 divisé en deux chambres par une membrane 12. Un ressort hélicoïdal 13, dont la force est réglable au moyen d'une vis 14, est disposé dans l'une de ces chambres, tandis que l'autre chambre (la chambre inférieure sur la figure 2) reçoit le fluide contenu dans le tronçon de conduite 7. Dans cette autre chambre, une tige d'obturateur 15 est solidaire de la membrane et se termine par un obturateur 16 coopérant avec un siège 17 situé à l'entrée de l'orifice de sortie 18 du déverseur. Les éléments 13 à 18 sont tous coaxiaux.The overflow valve 4 (FIG. 2) comprises a housing 11 divided into two chambers by a membrane 12. A helical spring 13, the force of which is adjustable by means of a screw 14, is arranged in one of these chambers, while the other chamber (the lower chamber in FIG. 2) receives the fluid contained in the pipe section 7. In this other chamber, a shutter rod 15 is integral with the membrane and ends in a shutter 16 cooperating with a seat 17 located at the entrance to the outlet orifice 18 of the spillway. Elements 13 to 18 are all coaxial.

Ainsi, l'obturateur 16 se soulève de son siège si et seulement si la pression régnant dans la chambre inférieure du déverseur dépasse la pression correspondant à la force du ressort 13. On peut donc régler la vis 14 de façon que cette ouverture se produise lorsque la pression dans le tronçon 7 est au moins égale à une pression intermédiaire PI supérieure à la pression PT.Thus, the shutter 16 lifts from its seat if and only if the pressure prevailing in the lower chamber of the overflow exceeds the pressure corresponding to the force of the spring 13. It is therefore possible to adjust the screw 14 so that this opening occurs when the pressure in the section 7 is at least equal to an intermediate pressure PI greater than the pressure PT.

Une conduite de C02 gazeux 19 part de la partie supérieure du réservoir 2 et comporte, d'amont en aval, une vanne d'arrêt 20 et un détendeur 21. Ce dernier délivre en aval une pression P2 supérieure à PT mais inférieure à Pl. En aval du détendeur 21, la conduite 19 se divise en deux branches 22 et 23 aboutissant respectivement dans les tronçons 6 et 7 respectivement de la conduite 3. Chaque branche est équipée d'un clapet anti-retour 24 n'autorisant la circulation de fluide que du détendeur 21 vers la conduite 3.A gaseous CO 2 pipe 19 starts from the upper part of the tank 2 and comprises, from upstream to downstream, a stop valve 20 and a pressure reducer 21. The latter delivers downstream a pressure P2 greater than PT but less than Pl Downstream of the regulator 21, the pipe 19 is divided into two branches 22 and 23 ending respectively in the sections 6 and 7 respectively of the pipe 3. Each branch is equipped with a non-return valve 24 not authorizing the circulation of fluid only from regulator 21 to line 3.

En fonctionnement, on procède tout d'abord au conditionnement du dispositif à la pression P2 en ouvrant la vanne 20. On garantit ainsi qu'en aucun point du dispositif, la pression ne descendra au-dessous du point triple du C02.In operation, first of all the device is conditioned to the pressure P2 by opening the valve 20. This guarantees that at no point in the device, the pressure will fall below the triple point of C0 2 .

Puis, par une commande de mise en service non représentée, on admet le C02 liquide dans la conduite 3. Le déverseur 4 s'ouvre lorsque la pression dans le tronçon 7 est supérieure à la valeur Pl, et un jet de neige carbonique sort alors de l'orifice 18. L'évacuation de cette neige s'effectue sans entrave grâce à la disposition de l'orifice 18 dans l'axe du système membrane-obturateur.Then, by a commissioning command not shown, the liquid C0 2 is admitted into the pipe 3. The overflow valve 4 opens when the pressure in the section 7 is greater than the value Pl, and a jet of dry ice comes out then from the orifice 18. The evacuation of this snow is carried out without hindrance thanks to the arrangement of the orifice 18 in the axis of the membrane-shutter system.

En variante (figure 3), dans les cas où la neige carbonique nécessite d'être véhiculée dans une courte portion du tuyauterie avant d'atteindre le point d'injection A, on relie à l'orifice 18 un tuyau 25 ne présentant ni aspérité interne ni coude prononcé. Le diamètre intérieur du tuyau 25 est sur toute sa longueur sensiblement égal à celui de l'orifice 18 et n'offre pas de restriction de section à l'écoulement du mélange gaz-solide.As a variant (FIG. 3), in the cases where the carbon dioxide snow needs to be conveyed in a short portion of the piping before reaching the injection point A, there is connected to the orifice 18 a pipe 25 having neither roughness internal or pronounced elbow. The internal diameter of the pipe 25 is over its entire length substantially equal to that of the orifice 18 and does not offer any cross-sectional restriction to the flow of the gas-solid mixture.

Une application de la variante de la figure 3 est illustrée schématiquement à la figure 4. Il s'agit de la régulation, à partir d'une mesure de pH, d'un débit de C02 liquide injecté dans une canalisation d'eau résiduaire 26 pour y neutraliser un effluent basique.An application of the variant of FIG. 3 is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 4. It is the regulation, from a pH measurement, of a flow of liquid C0 2 injected into a waste water pipe. 26 to neutralize a basic effluent.

Le tuyau 25 débouche dans un venturi 27 destiné à injecter et disperser la neige carbonique dans le débit d'eau.The pipe 25 opens into a venturi 27 intended to inject and disperse the carbon dioxide snow in the water flow.

On a représenté à la figure 5 une variante du dispositif de la figure 1 dans laquelle le tronçon de conduite 7 se divise en trois branches 7A à 7C aboutissant chacune à un déverseur respectif 4A à 4C. Ceci permet de fournir du C02 en plusieurs points d'injection et, en adoptant des réglages de pression différents pour chaque déverseur, d'injecter des débits de C02 réglables individuellement pour chaque point d'injection.There is shown in Figure 5 a variant of the device of Figure 1 in which the pipe section 7 is divided into three branches 7A to 7C each leading to a respective overflow 4A to 4C. This makes it possible to supply C0 2 at several injection points and, by adopting different pressure settings for each outlet, to inject C0 2 flow rates that can be adjusted individually for each injection point.

Cette possibilité est particulièrement intéressante pour, par exemple, réaliser des zones plus ou moins froides dans un tunnel longitudinal de surgélation de produits alimentaires, comme illustré à la figure 5.This possibility is particularly advantageous for, for example, producing more or less cold zones in a longitudinal tunnel for freezing food products, as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Dans cette application, la régulation de la vanne 5 est effectuée à partir d'une mesure de température unique effectuée près de la sortie du tunnel. Le C02 est injecté en parallèle par les déverseurs 4A à 4C afin de répartir l'apport frigorifique sur la longueur du tunnel 28. En régime permanent, le déverseur 4A situé du côté de l'entrée 29 des produits à traiter, véhiculés par un convoyeur à bande 30, génère un débit de C02 supérieur aux autres du fait de son réglage sur une pression PI-A plus faible. De même, lorsque l'installation est proche de son débit minimal (position de veille entre deux phases de traitement), ce premier déverseur pourra être le seul à débiter.In this application, the regulation of the valve 5 is carried out on the basis of a single temperature measurement carried out near the exit of the tunnel. The C0 2 is injected in parallel by the overhangs 4A to 4C in order to distribute the refrigeration supply over the length of the tunnel 28. In continuous operation, the overflow 4A located on the inlet side 29 of the products to be treated, conveyed by a belt conveyor 30, generates a C0 2 flow rate higher than the others due to its setting on a lower PI-A pressure. Likewise, when the installation is close to its minimum flow rate (standby position between two treatment phases), this first outlet may be the only one to flow.

L'agencement de la figure 5 permet d'obtenir de façon simple et économique une régulation fiable et précise du processus de surgélation.The arrangement of FIG. 5 makes it possible to obtain in a simple and economical manner a reliable and precise regulation of the freezing process.

L'invention peut s'appliquer à de nombreux autres procédés consommant du C02. Elle est particulièrement bien adaptée pour les applications nécessitant un débit notable de C02 (au moins 100 kg/h), délivré de façon quasi-continue et à un taux variable dans un rapport de 1 à 5 environ.The invention can be applied to many other processes consuming C0 2 . It is particularly well suited for applications requiring a significant flow of C0 2 (at least 100 kg / h), delivered almost continuously and at a variable rate in a ratio of 1 to 5 approximately.

Claims (9)

1. Process for supplying a variable flowrate of liquid C02 to at least one injection station (A) via a liquid C02 distributor pipe (3) provided with a controlled regulator valve of variable cross-section (5), in which the stream of liquid C02 is delivered to the injection station (A) by means of a discharge unit (4) opening when the pressure downstream of the valve (5) is higher than a determined pressure (PI) higher than the pressure (PT) of the triple point of the C02, so as to maintain continuously, at least in the part of the pipe (3) downstream of the valve (5), a pressure higher than that of the triple point of the C02.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterised in that, before connecting the pipe (3) to a reservoir (2) of liquid C02, gaseous C02 at a pressure (P2) between the pressure (PT) of the triple point and the determined pressure (PI) is injected into this pipe downstream of the valve (5), and in that gaseous C02 at the said pressure (P2) is also injected into the part of the pipe (3) upstream of the valve (5).
3. Device for supplying a variable flowrate of liquid C02 to a C02 injection station (A), comprising a reservoir (2) of C02 under pressure connected to a liquid C02 distributor pipe (3), comprising a controlled regulator valve of variable cross-section (5) and to a gaseous tapping pipe (19) comprising a pressure relief valve (21) and terminating, via a first non-return valve (24), in a downstream part (7) of the distribution pipe (3) downstream of the valve (5), characterised in that it comprises, upstream of the injection station (A), at least one discharge unit (4) in which terminates the downstream part (7) of the distributor pipe (3), the discharge unit (4) being of the type with diaphragm (12) bearing a closing device (16) interacting with a C02 outlet ejection seating (17), the diaphragm being pushed in the direction of closure of the valve by a spring (13) adjustable at (14) calibrated so that the closing device (16) opens only when the pressure of the C02 in the downstream part (7) of the distributor pipe (3) is higher than a pressure (PI) higher than the pressure (PT) of the triple point of the C02.
4. Device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the pipe (19) for gaseous tapping also opens, via a second non-return valve (24), into an upstream part (6) of the distributor pipe (3), upstream (6) of the regulator valve (5).
5. Device according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that a pipe (25) having substantially the same internal diameter as the outlet seating (18) of the discharge unit extends from this seating as far as the point of injection of the C02 into the injection station.
6. Device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the injection point is constituted by a venturi (27) disposed in a waste water pipe system (26).
7. Device according to any of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the downstream part (7) of the distributor pipe (3) comprises at least two branches (7A, 7B, 7C) each terminating at a discharge unit with diaphragm (4A, 4B, 4C).
8. Device according to Claim 7, characterised in that at least one (4A) of the discharge units (4A - 4C) is set at an opening pressure (PI.A) lower than the other discharge unit or units.
9. Tunnel for cooling food products (28), characterised in that it is fed with C02 by a device according to any of Claims 3 to 8.
EP89403619A 1988-12-28 1989-12-22 Process and device for the flow rate control of liquid CO2, and their use in a cooling tunnel Expired - Lifetime EP0376823B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89403619T ATE100921T1 (en) 1988-12-28 1989-12-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FLOW CONTROL OF LIQUID CO2 AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR A COOLING TUNNEL.

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FR8817305A FR2641854B1 (en) 1988-12-28 1988-12-28 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGULATING A FLOW OF LIQUID CO2, AND APPLICATION TO A COOLING TUNNEL
FR8817305 1988-12-28

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CA2006789A1 (en) 1990-06-28
FR2641854B1 (en) 1994-01-14
CA2006789C (en) 1994-10-25
DE68912755T3 (en) 2001-08-02
ATE100921T1 (en) 1994-02-15
US5040374A (en) 1991-08-20
DE68912755T2 (en) 1994-05-11
ES2048312T5 (en) 2001-05-16
AU629584B2 (en) 1992-10-08
AU4732889A (en) 1990-07-05
DE68912755D1 (en) 1994-03-10
EP0376823A1 (en) 1990-07-04
EP0376823B2 (en) 2001-04-11
ES2048312T3 (en) 1994-03-16
FR2641854A1 (en) 1990-07-20

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