EP0376809B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage élastique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage élastique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0376809B1
EP0376809B1 EP89403590A EP89403590A EP0376809B1 EP 0376809 B1 EP0376809 B1 EP 0376809B1 EP 89403590 A EP89403590 A EP 89403590A EP 89403590 A EP89403590 A EP 89403590A EP 0376809 B1 EP0376809 B1 EP 0376809B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressing device
piston
cushion
elastic cushion
interacting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89403590A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0376809A1 (fr
Inventor
Gabriel De Smet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isoform SNC
Original Assignee
Isoform SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Isoform SNC filed Critical Isoform SNC
Priority to AT89403590T priority Critical patent/ATE88383T1/de
Publication of EP0376809A1 publication Critical patent/EP0376809A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0376809B1 publication Critical patent/EP0376809B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for stamping sheet materials on an elastic forming matrix.
  • FR-A-2 564 339 and FR-A-2 590 814 which represents the closest state of the art, have been proposed for a drawing process on an elastic cushion.
  • the sheet blank to be formed is placed on an elastic cushion, an external slider supporting a blank holder is applied to the peripheral part of the sheet blank so as to cause the mass of the elastic cushion to creep to deform the central part of the sheet blank by giving it at the end of the preforming step, a surface substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained, then a central slide acting by a punch is applied to the central part of the sheet blank to conform the part to its final form.
  • This process allows the drawing of a sheet material, in particular of a material with low elongation, which can in particular be a metal sheet, for example of steel, although this process is not limited to the drawing of metallic foil, but can be applied to plastic materials and any other composite material.
  • the cushion of elastic material is described as being able in particular to be a composite support consisting of a substantially parallelepipedic mass based on a silicone elastomer of low Shore hardness, which can be covered, on its upper face, and on all or part from its side faces of a relatively thin envelope made of a more resistant and harder material.
  • the blank holder applied to the peripheral part of the blank sheet metal causes the mass of the elastic cushion to creep in order to deform the central part of said blank while giving it, at the end of the preforming step, a surface substantially equal to the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  • the descent of the punch for the final shaping of the sheet blank causes an increase in pressure in the cushion, and a difference in volume of said cushion between the preforming step and the shaping step, which it is necessary to compensate by decompression of the elastic cushion in order to avoid deformation of the stamped part by relaxation reaction of the elastic material making up the cushion.
  • the present invention relates to a device for stamping sheet materials formed by a sheet blank placed on a support forming a lower blank holder, said device comprising a cushion of elastic material housed in a retention tank, means for preforming the sheet blank consisting of an external slider carrying an upper blank holder and means for definitive shaping of said sheet blank consisting of a central slide acting on a punch and means for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion, characterized in that the absorption means are movable during the final shaping of the part, said displacement being regulated by a regulating member as a function, on the one hand, of the pressure applied by the cushion in an elastic material during said step and, on the other hand, the volume determined by the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  • the stamping device shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a tank 2, the central part of which constitutes a housing for a cushion 6 made of an elastic material.
  • a frame 2a with a closed contour which constitutes a lower peripheral blank holder and which substantially follows the contour of the internal housing of the container 2 so as to be able to penetrate into said housing when the room.
  • the stamping device comprises a body 1 carried by an external slide, not shown, and the lower part of which constitutes an upper peripheral blank holder 1a.
  • the upper peripheral blank holder 1a has external dimensions slightly smaller than the outline of the internal housing of the container 2 so as to cooperate with the frame 2a and to penetrate into said housing.
  • the body 1 has a central well inside which penetrates a punch 4, the underside of which constitutes an imprint corresponding to the profile. of the finished part to be obtained.
  • the device also comprises means 10 for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 generated by the application of the punch 4 relative to that determined by the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  • These means 10 consist of a vertically movable piston 11 constituting the bottom 5 of the tank 2 which for this purpose has a central opening 5a.
  • the piston 11 has its upper face applied against the elastic cushion 6 and cooperates with a member for regulating the movement of said piston formed in this embodiment by a multi-blade brake 12.
  • This multi-blade brake 12 comprises, on the one hand, upper friction plates 12a directed downwards and integral with the piston 11 and, on the other hand, lower friction plates 12b directed upwards and fixed on a soleplate 13 arranged below the bottom 5 of the tank 2 and at a determined interval.
  • the upper and lower friction plates 12a and 12b are interposed with one another.
  • the assembly constituted by the piston 11 and the strongly plates 12a is recalled by a spring 14 bearing on the sole 13.
  • the multi-blade brake 12 is controlled on each side by a clamping mechanism 15 constituted by a control cylinder 16, the piston 17 of which actuates a rod 18 articulated on two levers 19 and 20 forming a toggle for clamping the friction plates 12a and 12b.
  • a clamping mechanism 15 constituted by a control cylinder 16
  • the free end of the lever 19 is supported on a lateral rim 13a provided on the sole 13 and the free end of the lever 20 is secured to a small piston 21 which acts on the friction plates 12a and 12b.
  • the device operates as follows.
  • the body 1 is lowered by means of the external slide, not shown, from the press, so that the upper blank holder 1a comes into contact with the sheet blank 3 whose peripheral zone is progressively clamped between the lower blank holder 2a and the upper blank holder 1a to avoid scalloping.
  • the upper blank holder 1a performs in localized areas a falling of the edge of the sheet blank and compresses by reaction the elastic cushion 6.
  • the latter under the effect of this peripheral compression action, acts by creep on the central area of the sheet blank and cause its deformation.
  • the swelling of the central part of the sheet blank is limited by the bottom of the punch 4 in order to avoid uncontrolled erratic deformations.
  • a suitable mechanism controls the jacks 16, in such a way that, under the effect of the pistons 17 of said jacks, the rods 18 act on the levers 19 and 20 of each mechanism 15 and cause the displacement towards each other of the small pistons 21 which thus clamp the friction plates 12a and 12b against each other.
  • the punch 4 descends to its low position and causes the final forming of the central part of the blank 3 preformed during the previous operation.
  • a suitable mechanism not shown, controlled for example by a pressure sensor placed in the elastic cushion 6, actuates the jacks 16 which act on the levers 19 and 20, so as to loosen more or less the friction plates 12a and 12b, which makes it possible to regulate the movement of the piston 11 and to absorb the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 generated by the application of the punch 4 relative to that determined by the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  • the jacks 16 completely loosen the friction plates 12a and 12b and as no more pressure exists in the elastic cushion 6, the return spring 14 , which no longer has to overcome than the weight of the movable piston 11, of the elastic cushion 6 and various frictions, causes the ascent of said movable piston.
  • the means 10 make it possible, during the final shaping operation of the part, to absorb the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 by regulating the movement of the piston 11 by the multi-blade brake 12.
  • the means 10 for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 are constituted by a piston 31 in contact with said elastic cushion 6 and integral in rotation with a reversible screw 30 cooperating with a belt brake (33-36) which constitutes the member for regulating the movement of said piston.
  • the bottom 5 of the container containing the elastic cushion 6 is in contact with the sole 13 and provides therewith a central cavity 32 in which a cylindrical rotating nut 33 is disposed.
  • a friction stop 34 is interposed between the rotating nut 33 and the sole 13.
  • the rotating nut 33 comprises a central orifice 33a provided with an internal screw pitch cooperating with the screw 30.
  • a spring 35 is placed in the orifice 33a between the bottom of the screw 30 and the sole 13.
  • the rotating nut 33 has on its periphery a groove 33b in which a braking belt 36 is placed.
  • the braking belt 36 surrounds the rotating nut 33 and has one of its ends 35a immobilized and the other of its ends 36b secured by a hooking mechanism 37 with the end of a rod 38 of a jack 39 for controlling the tension of said braking belt.
  • the jack 39 When lowering the upper blank holder for preforming the sheet blank, the jack 39 exerts a tension on the braking belt 36, which has the effect of immobilizing the nut 33, the screw 30 and the piston 31 , thereby preventing the elastic cushion 6 from creeping down.
  • the jack 39 controlled by a suitable mechanism, not shown, more or less tightens the braking belt 36, which makes it possible to regulate the movement of the piston 31 and to absorb the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 relative to that determined by the surface of the finished part to be obtained.
  • the return spring 35 causes the piston 31 to rise under the action of the screw 30.
  • the rotary nut 33 comprises on its periphery meshing means constituted by a toothed groove 33c cooperating with an endless screw 40 controlled, for example, by a stepping motor, not shown, or by any other suitable means .
  • the means 10 for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6, at the time of the final shaping of the part are constituted by a hydraulic cylinder 50.
  • the bottom 5 of the tank is supported on the sole 13 and provides therewith a cylindrical cavity 51 in which is disposed a cylinder 52 forming an internal chamber 53 filled with a fluid.
  • the bottom 5 of the tank consists of a piston 54, the upper face of which is in contact with the elastic cushion 6 and which comprises at its lower part a cylindrical base 55 sliding inside the cylinder 32.
  • the cylindrical base 55 comprises at its periphery of the sealing members 55a.
  • the hydraulic control circuit of the jack 50 comprises a pipe 56, one end of which opens into the internal chamber 53 below the base. 55 and the other end of which is connected to a fluid reservoir 57.
  • a pressure reducer 58 with proportional control programmed electrically or mechanically or pneumatically as a function of the desired pressure in the elastic cushion 6 and, on the other hand, a non-return valve 59 authorizing the passage of the fluid from the chamber 53 to the reservoir 57.
  • Line 56 also includes, upstream of the pressure reducer 58, a bypass constituted by a line 60 comprising a non-return valve 61 allowing the passage of the fluid from the reservoir 57 to the chamber 53 and a pump 62 withdrawing the fluid from the reservoir 57 .
  • the hydraulic circuit for controlling the jack 50 comprises a pipe 65, one end of which opens into the internal chamber 53 below the base 55 of the piston 54 and the other end of which is connected to the reservoir 57. On this pipe is mounted only pressure reducer 58.
  • the hydraulic circuit also includes another pipe 66, one end of which opens into the internal chamber 53 above the base 55 and the other end of which is connected to the reservoir 57.
  • a return spring 67 is placed in the internal chamber 53 between the base 55 and the sole 13 to return the piston 54 to its initial position after the final shaping step.
  • the hydraulic circuit makes it possible, via the piston 54, to absorb the excess volume of the elastic cushion during the shaping step final of the part, by regulating the displacements of the piston 54 relative to the finished part to be obtained.
  • the means 10 for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6, at the time of the final shaping of the part are constituted by a hydraulic valve regulated by a pneumatic valve.
  • the bottom 5 of the tank is supported on the sole 13 and provides therewith a cylindrical cavity 70 in which is disposed a cylinder 71 forming an internal chamber 72.
  • the cylinder 71 has a diameter smaller than the diameter internal of the retention tank and rests on a support plate 73 placed on the base 13.
  • the bottom 5 of the tank consists of a piston 74, the upper face of which is in contact with the elastic cushion 6 and which comprises at its lower part a cylindrical extension 75 sliding inside the cylinder 71.
  • the piston 74 is recalled by springs 92 arranged between the bottom of the cylindrical extension 75 and the plate 73.
  • a bowl 77 which comprises a lower skirt 76a bearing on the plate 73 and the upper wall 76b of which is pierced with a central orifice 77.
  • the bowl 76 cleans with the piston 74 an upper chamber 78 and has an internal chamber 79 in which slides a small piston 80 which has on its upper face a valve 81 cooperating with the lower part of the orifice 77 forming a valve seat.
  • the bowl 76 has an outside diameter slightly smaller than the diameter inside of the cylindrical extension 75 of the piston 74 so as to provide an annular space 82 bringing the upper chamber 78 into communication with the chamber 72.
  • the small piston 80 is returned upwards by springs 83 bearing on the sole 13 and its downward travel is limited by a stop 84.
  • the skirt 76a of the bowl 76 and the support plate 73 are pierced with small channels 85 and 86 respectively putting the upper chamber 78 into communication with the cavity 70.
  • the support plate 73 is pierced with small orifices 87 fitted with non-return valves which put the chamber 72 in communication with the small channels 86.
  • the cavity 70 forms a fluid reservoir which fills the chambers 72, 78 and 79 as well as the small channels 85 and 86.
  • valve 90 When lowering the upper blank holder for preforming the part, the valve 90 is open and the compressed air acts on the small piston 80 so as to apply the valve 81 to its seat.
  • the orifice 77 is closed, which prevents the fluid from flowing from the chamber 78 towards the chamber 79 and consequently the elastic cushion 6 from flowing downwards.
  • the small valves arranged in the orifices 87 open and the fluid flows from the cavity 70 towards the chamber 72 via the channels 86 and the orifices 87, then from the chamber 72 to the chamber 78 passing through the annular space 82.
  • the body 1 consists of an upper part 100a secured to the external slide, not shown, of the press, and of a separate lower part 100b, the lower face of which constitutes the clamp. upper peripheral blank.
  • This member 101 can be constituted for example by a spring or by a jack or by any other another suitable system limiting the penetration height of the upper blank holder in the cushion when the pressure in said cushion becomes greater than a determined value.
  • the means for absorbing the excess volume of the elastic cushion 6 can also be formed by at least one side wall of the tank 2 cooperating with a member constituted, for example by at least one spring or a jack, making it possible to regulate the movement of said wall lateral as a function of the pressure exerted in the elastic cushion.
  • the device according to the present invention is applicable not only in the case where the sheet metal blank rests on a lower blank holder formed by a frame, but also in the case where the sheet blank rests directly on the elastic cushion , according to FR-A-2,564,339, and in the case where the sheet blank is in abutment on the upper part of the retention tank of the elastic cushion, according to FR-A-2,590,814.

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Presses And Accessory Devices Thereof (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
EP89403590A 1988-12-30 1989-12-20 Procédé et dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage élastique Expired - Lifetime EP0376809B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89403590T ATE88383T1 (de) 1988-12-30 1989-12-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum tiefziehen von blattmaterialien auf einer matrize von elastischer form.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8817526A FR2641217B1 (fr) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Procede et dispositif d'emboutissage de materiaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage elastique
FR8817526 1988-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0376809A1 EP0376809A1 (fr) 1990-07-04
EP0376809B1 true EP0376809B1 (fr) 1993-04-21

Family

ID=9373660

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403590A Expired - Lifetime EP0376809B1 (fr) 1988-12-30 1989-12-20 Procédé et dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage élastique

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US5081859A (zh)
EP (1) EP0376809B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH02290628A (zh)
KR (1) KR900009259A (zh)
CN (1) CN1025296C (zh)
AT (1) ATE88383T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU624459B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR8906861A (zh)
CA (1) CA2006772A1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ283163B6 (zh)
DD (1) DD294438A5 (zh)
DE (1) DE68906141T2 (zh)
FR (1) FR2641217B1 (zh)
HU (1) HU204000B (zh)
RO (1) RO107565B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2018385C1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA899723B (zh)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2641217B1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1994-04-01 Isoform Procede et dispositif d'emboutissage de materiaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage elastique
FR2668982B1 (fr) * 1990-11-13 1995-07-21 Ascometal Sa Procede et dispositif de fabrication d'une roue insonorisee, notamment pour vehicule ferroviaire et roue obtenue par ce procede.
FR2670408A1 (fr) * 1990-12-18 1992-06-19 Isoform Dispositif d'emboutissage de materiaux en feuille notamment de flans de tole.
FR2683168B1 (fr) * 1991-11-04 1994-03-04 Isoform Dispositif d'emboutissage de materiaux en feuille, notamment de flans de tole.
FR2691653B1 (fr) * 1992-05-27 1994-08-26 Isoform Dispositif d'emboutissage de matériaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage en matériau élastique.
FR2715335B1 (fr) * 1994-01-21 1996-04-05 Lorraine Laminage Dispositif d'emboutissage d'un flan de tôle.
US6029486A (en) * 1998-04-23 2000-02-29 Amada Metrecs Company, Limited Forming method, forming tools and elastic punch
US7910039B2 (en) * 2008-03-10 2011-03-22 Jamin Micarelli Rapid cycling press for forming a composite article
JP2011073057A (ja) * 2009-09-02 2011-04-14 Enami Seiki:Kk プレス加工装置および軸部規制装置
US10525519B2 (en) 2009-10-21 2020-01-07 Stolle Machinery Company, Llc Container, and selectively formed cup, tooling and associated method for providing same
US8556618B2 (en) * 2011-04-07 2013-10-15 Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. Method and bladder apparatus for forming composite parts
KR101197089B1 (ko) 2011-04-19 2012-11-07 한국과학기술원 비대칭 축류형 제품의 단조장치
JP5611257B2 (ja) * 2012-03-13 2014-10-22 パナソニック株式会社 金属ラミネートフィルム成形方法およびその成形装置
RU2576970C1 (ru) * 2014-07-21 2016-03-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тульский государственный университет" (ТулГУ) Способ изготовления глубокопрофильной гофрированной мембраны
JP2019534789A (ja) * 2016-10-06 2019-12-05 ストール マシーナリ カンパニー, エルエルシーStolle Machinery Company, LLC 容器、及び選択的に形成されるカップ、ツーリング、並びにこれらを提供する関連方法
US10773291B2 (en) 2017-05-24 2020-09-15 Polyurethane Products Universal radius forming system
CN107199448A (zh) * 2017-06-13 2017-09-26 新乡市振英机械设备有限公司 一种旋振筛防尘罩的压装设备
CN115007729A (zh) * 2022-06-22 2022-09-06 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 一种橡皮囊成形用弹性垫
CN117019989B (zh) * 2023-10-08 2023-12-15 江苏迅隆电源有限公司 一种具有交变应力模式的铝合金铸件冲压设备

Family Cites Families (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2719500A (en) * 1950-07-28 1955-10-04 Northrop Aircraft Inc Flange forming press
US2783728A (en) * 1951-09-12 1957-03-05 Lake Erie Engineering Corp Apparatus for pressing sheet metal shapes
US3262294A (en) * 1963-08-16 1966-07-26 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Hydraulic forming press
US3552165A (en) * 1968-05-22 1971-01-05 John H Taylor Domestic-pan-forming device
SU615998A1 (ru) * 1976-02-04 1978-07-25 Предприятие П/Я А-1139 Универсальный шмамп с эластичной матрицей
SU799869A1 (ru) * 1978-02-03 1981-01-30 Предприятие П/Я В-8772 Комбинированный штамп дл вырубкиКОНТуРА ВыТ жКи и гибКи бОРТОВ
JPS60133933A (ja) * 1983-12-21 1985-07-17 Honda Motor Co Ltd プレス成形法
JPS60221134A (ja) * 1984-04-16 1985-11-05 Aida Eng Ltd プレス金型
FR2564339B1 (fr) * 1984-05-17 1987-12-24 Usinor Procede et dispositif d'emboutissage de toles.
FR2590814B1 (fr) * 1985-12-04 1988-02-26 Usinor Procede et dispositif d'emboutissage de toles a faible allongement
FR2615421B1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1989-08-18 Isoform Procede de decoupage de feuilles minces, notamment de tole et materiau elastomere utilisable pour ce procede
JPH07115093B2 (ja) * 1987-10-23 1995-12-13 廣 三浦 板金プレス用樹脂型及びその製法
FR2641217B1 (fr) * 1988-12-30 1994-04-01 Isoform Procede et dispositif d'emboutissage de materiaux en feuille sur une matrice de formage elastique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT53562A (en) 1990-11-28
RO107565B1 (ro) 1993-12-30
ATE88383T1 (de) 1993-05-15
AU624459B2 (en) 1992-06-11
JPH02290628A (ja) 1990-11-30
FR2641217A1 (fr) 1990-07-06
ZA899723B (en) 1991-08-28
CA2006772A1 (en) 1990-06-30
FR2641217B1 (fr) 1994-04-01
DE68906141D1 (de) 1993-05-27
US5081859A (en) 1992-01-21
HU896791D0 (en) 1990-03-28
CN1043645A (zh) 1990-07-11
AU4700689A (en) 1990-07-05
CN1025296C (zh) 1994-07-06
BR8906861A (pt) 1990-09-25
HU204000B (en) 1991-11-28
CS8907513A2 (en) 1991-12-17
DD294438A5 (de) 1991-10-02
RU2018385C1 (ru) 1994-08-30
EP0376809A1 (fr) 1990-07-04
CZ283163B6 (cs) 1998-01-14
DE68906141T2 (de) 1993-12-02
KR900009259A (ko) 1990-07-04

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