EP0364802B1 - Verankerungsvorrichtung für das stabförmige Zugglied eines Ankers, insbesondere eines Felsankers - Google Patents

Verankerungsvorrichtung für das stabförmige Zugglied eines Ankers, insbesondere eines Felsankers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0364802B1
EP0364802B1 EP89118240A EP89118240A EP0364802B1 EP 0364802 B1 EP0364802 B1 EP 0364802B1 EP 89118240 A EP89118240 A EP 89118240A EP 89118240 A EP89118240 A EP 89118240A EP 0364802 B1 EP0364802 B1 EP 0364802B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
anchoring device
support member
anchor
tensile force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89118240A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0364802A1 (de
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Bau AG
Original Assignee
Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG filed Critical Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority to AT89118240T priority Critical patent/ATE79157T1/de
Publication of EP0364802A1 publication Critical patent/EP0364802A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0364802B1 publication Critical patent/EP0364802B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anchoring device for a tension member, in particular the tension member of an earth or rock anchor, in which a support element transmitting the tensile force is arranged between an anchoring element that cannot be connected to the tensile member and an anchor plate that can be supported against an abutment, and a to indicate that a predetermined tensile force has been exceeded Relative displacement between the anchoring element and the support element in the direction of the tensile force can be effected.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an anchoring device of the type specified at the outset in order to be able to display the exceeding of the anchor force of a tension member reliably, unambiguously, and clearly visually perceptible in the long term, that is to say not only temporarily, by simple and economical means .
  • the support element comprises a cylindrical hollow body surrounding the anchoring element, the inner wall of which, in its lower area facing the anchor plate, has projections projecting inward beyond its inner contour, against which the anchoring element is supported in a force-transmitting manner, at least with partial areas of its cross-sectional area, such that when the predetermined tensile force is exceeded the support element and / or the anchoring element are plastically deformable in the area of the surfaces in engagement with one another, and that means are provided for displaying the relative displacement that occurs between the anchoring element and the support element.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to use only partial areas of these elements for the force transmission between the anchoring element and the supporting element, which are dimensioned and assigned to one another in such a way that at least one of these elements is removed when the tensile force is exceeded, so that a relative displacement occurs axial direction results.
  • the advantage of the invention is, above all, that this deformation takes place between parts which are in any case necessary for power transmission, that is to say that additional parts which are complex to produce are not required, and therefore cannot be forgotten during installation.
  • the deformation is carried out between two parts separated from the tension member itself; it is thus independent of the shape of the tension member and can therefore be used with any tension member.
  • both the support element and the anchoring element are relatively simple, light parts to be produced, the geometric shape and the tolerances of which can be easily controlled, so that the accuracy and reliability of the display increases.
  • the support element can consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the anchoring element, which is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded.
  • the anchoring element can also consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the support element that is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded, at least in the area that is in operative connection with the projections of the support element.
  • the size of the maximum tensile force can be controlled over a wide range and can also achieve comparatively large values. If the partial surfaces of the support element or of the anchoring element which are in operative connection lie in different planes which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring device, it is also possible to achieve a gradual display with more than one limit load; the individual partial areas then come into contact with one another in accordance with the increase in the anchor force as a result of a mountain deformation.
  • the partial surfaces of the support element and the anchoring element that come into operative connection can also be arranged along a helical line and form a thread.
  • the support element can be designed as a nut and rotatable relative to the anchor plate.
  • the anchoring element can also be designed as a nut and screwed onto the tension member consisting of a steel rod; however, it can also consist of a sleeve pressed by way of cold deformation as a result of radial pressure on the tension member consisting of a steel wire strand.
  • a head plate is expediently provided, which can be firmly connected to the tension member above the anchoring element and which bridges the distance to the supporting element or to the anchoring plate and can be supported against them, which, when this distance is reduced due to longitudinal displacement of the anchoring element, in its visual Appearance are changeable.
  • the head plate can be penetrated by at least one pin running in the direction of movement, which emerges from the top of the head plate when the anchoring element is displaced longitudinally with respect to the support element.
  • pins with different lengths can also be provided.
  • the head plate can be part of a hood that seals against the support element. In this way, it is still possible to provide a visual display even if the entire anchoring device is encapsulated by a corrosion protection cap.
  • a particularly simple design of the display device is obtained if a cylindrical sleeve is provided between the head plate and the support element or the anchor plate, which has a predetermined breaking point under pressure over the course of its length.
  • the predetermined breaking point is expedient by weakening the wall of the sleeve from generated on the inside.
  • the sleeve can be integrally connected to the head plate and form a cover hood that seals against the support element or the anchor plate.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rock anchor with a tension member 1, which is inserted into a borehole 2.
  • the borehole 2 is covered over its entire length by a hardening material 3, e.g. Resin adhesive, filled, in the lower area of which the tension member 1 is embedded and anchored over a certain distance.
  • the tension member 1 is freely stretchable over the remaining area of its total length, e.g. by guiding within a cladding tube 4.
  • An anchoring device A is arranged on the air side to secure the cut-out area 5 and is supported against the cut-out area 5 via an anchor plate 6.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 A first embodiment of an anchoring device A is shown larger in FIGS. 2 to 4 in longitudinal and cross-section.
  • 2a consists of a support element 10 and an anchoring element 11.
  • the latter is designed as an anchoring nut with a hexagonal cross section (FIG. 4), which is screwed with an internal thread 7a onto the external thread 7b of a tension member designed as an anchor rod 1 '.
  • the support element 10 comprises a hollow body 12 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of a cylinder jacket with a hexagonal plan, corresponding to the anchoring nut (FIG. 3).
  • the hollow body 12 is integrally connected to a bottom part 13 with a central bore 14 for the passage of the anchor rod 1 '.
  • the bottom part 13 is dome-shaped on its underside in order to be able to carry out angular rotations to a certain extent with respect to the anchor plate 6.
  • Fig. 3 which shows a cross section through the hollow body 12 without the anchoring nut 11, it can be seen that the shoulder 18 forms a circular inner edge whose diameter D corresponds to that of the inscribed circle of the hexagonal cross section of the hollow body 12.
  • the shoulder 18 thus consists of individual partial surfaces 19 between the inscribed circle and the inner surface 16 of the hollow body 12.
  • the anchoring nut 11 corresponds in its plan shape to the inner cross section of the hollow body 12, so that it is held in it in a rotationally fixed but longitudinally displaceable manner.
  • Fig. 2a shows the anchoring nut 11 shortly before contacting the shoulder 18 of the support element 10. When the full load is taken over, the anchoring nut 11 lies against the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 and thus transmits the partial areas 19 (FIG. 4) Anchor force.
  • the anchoring nut 11 is rotated in a circle at the lower end so that it finds a guide in the lower, narrower area of the interior of the hollow body 12.
  • the shoulder 18 itself is chamfered on the surface to even out the attack of force.
  • the strength of the material of the anchoring nut 11 and the size of the partial surfaces 19 are selected or matched to one another such that only an anchoring force can be transmitted at a predetermined level. If this force is exceeded, the anchoring nut 11 is plastically deformed in the area of the partial surfaces 19. This deformation causes a relative displacement by a distance s between the support element 10 and the anchoring nut 11.
  • Fig. 2b shows the state after a shift s' occurred.
  • the size of the displacement path s which suggests a certain degree of exceeding the anchor force, can be indicated in the simplest way by the length of the anchoring nut 11 being matched to the length of the hollow body 12 in such a way that the anchoring nut 11 at a specific anchor force completely disappears in the hollow body 12; the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11 and the surface 21 of the hollow body 12 then lie in one plane. This means a change in the shape of the anchoring device, which can be perceived in a clearly definable manner even from a certain distance.
  • FIG. 2a and b also show another, more convenient option for displaying the displacement path s, which in principle also allows the display of several force levels.
  • the anchor rod 1 'a head plate 22, e.g. made of plastic, e.g. screwed on.
  • the head plate 22 should be screwed on so far that its lower surface 23 rests on the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11; it then maintains the distance s from the surface 21 of the hollow body 12.
  • Spacers 24, 25 of different lengths are inserted in a clamping manner in the head plate 22; which emerge when the distance s is reduced as a result of deformation occurring through the top plate 22 and are visually perceptible from the outside.
  • the - longer - pin 24 is not yet on the surface 21 of the hollow body 12; in the state of FIG. 2b, it already protrudes upwards, while the - shorter - pin 25 just lies against the surface 21.
  • any other display devices can also be used; a further embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 10a and b.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 can also explain how a load exceedance can be displayed in stages.
  • the edges on the underside of the anchoring nut 11 are removed at different heights.
  • the anchoring nut 11 then initially only lies on the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 with some of these partial areas 19, namely the lowest.
  • Fig. 5 it is shown how when reaching the first stage of the tensile force P1 a first longitudinal displacement takes place over a path S1 until the next partial areas of the anchoring element 11 rest against the shoulder 18. Only when a second stage of the tractive force P2 is reached is there a shift by the path S2. This shift can be followed by further stages if necessary.
  • These different load levels can be indicated by the pins 24, 25 of different lengths, which emerge from the head plate 22 one after the other. The highest load level is reached when all pins have emerged.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention, which e.g. can then be used when there is no fear of angular rotations of the anchor rod relative to the anchor plate.
  • the hollow body 32 of the support element 30 is here direct, i.e. without bottom part placed on a simple flat anchor plate 6 '.
  • the hollow body 32 is provided in its lower region with projections 34 which project inwards beyond its inner wall 33 and which, again, may, but need not, have an oblique surface. As shown in FIG. 7, a total of four such projections 34 are distributed over the inner circumference of the hollow body 32.
  • the anchoring element 31 consists of a simple one circular cylindrical body which can be inserted into and guided in the circular cylindrical cavity of the hollow body 32.
  • the anchoring element 31 which is again provided with an internal thread 7a, onto the external thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 ', it can be provided with a hexagon 35 at the upper end.
  • the projections 34 are removed when the tensile force is exceeded. The displacement path that occurs is visually recognizable by the fact that the anchoring nut 31 disappears in the interior of the hollow body 32.
  • the tension member of the armature here consists of a strand 1 ⁇ made of steel wires, on which a compression sleeve is applied as anchoring element 41 due to radial clamping pressure. Since this compression sleeve 41, in order to be able to deform it, as a rule consists of relatively soft material, an anchoring ring 44 is arranged in front of it in the direction of the force, which can be loosely threaded onto the strand 1 ⁇ .
  • the anchoring ring 44 is provided with helical projections 45 on its outer circumference.
  • the hollow body 42 of the support element 40 has here on its inside 43 an internal thread 46 corresponding to the projections 45.
  • the hollow body 42 expediently consists of a softer material than the anchoring ring 44.
  • the hollow body 42 is supported here again on a base part 47, which in turn is itself with a dome-shaped lower surface in an angular manner to enable the anchor plate 6.
  • anchoring element 41 in particular anchoring ring 44 and hollow body 42 succeeds to a certain extent, a pre-stretching and bracing of the strand 1 ⁇ , since the hollow body 42 can be rotated like a nut relative to the bottom part 47. If the load is exceeded, the deformation takes place here in the threaded region between the anchoring ring 44 and the hollow body 42.
  • the display of the longitudinal displacement that occurs in this case also takes place again via a head plate 48, which can be plugged onto the strand 1 ⁇ or the anchoring element 41 from above.
  • the top plate is formed here by a molded cylindrical wall 49 to form a cover 50 which extends into the area of the hollow body 42 and thus closes off the anchoring device, insofar as it includes the part for indicating the relative displacement, in a manner protected against corrosion.
  • a pin 51 passes through the head plate 48, which is supported with respect to the upper end face 52 of the hollow body 42 and, when the head plate connected to the strand 1 ⁇ is longitudinally displaced, emerges from the top thereof.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b A last exemplary embodiment for an anchoring device according to the invention, based on the illustration in FIGS. 6 and 7, is shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b. While the anchoring device as such in its essential features, namely the support element 60 designed as a hollow body 62 and the anchoring element 61 designed as a nut, corresponds to that according to FIGS. 6 and 7, here is a particularly simple and economical embodiment of the display device for the displacement path s shown.
  • a cover 65 On the upper end of the anchor rod 1 ', which is provided with an external thread 7b, a cover 65 is placed here.
  • the cover 65 consists of a head plate 66, which has on the inside a shoulder 67 with an internal thread 7a, which on the External thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 'fits.
  • the cover 65 itself is formed in that a cylindrical wall 68 is formed on the outer circumference of the head plate 66.
  • the hood 65 can be screwed onto the anchor rod 1 'until its lower end sits on the surface of the anchor plate 6'.
  • a closed cavity is thus formed in the interior of the cover hood 65, which can also be filled with corrosion protection material.
  • the cylindrical wall 68 of the cover hood 65 is provided on the inside with a circumferential annular groove 69 over its length, which forms a predetermined breaking point under pressure. If, when the anchor force is exceeded, the projections 64 projecting beyond the inner surface 63 of the hollow body 62 are removed by the anchoring element 61, so that a longitudinal displacement occurs, then the cylindrical wall 68 of the covering hood 65 is subjected to pressure. This compressive stress leads to failure at the weakest point, namely in the region of the annular groove 69, which then deforms outwards into a bead 70 (FIG. 10b). In this way, the encapsulation of the anchoring device for protection against corrosion can be combined in a particularly simple and economical manner with an indication of an excess of the anchor force that is visually clearly recognizable from the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP89118240A 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Verankerungsvorrichtung für das stabförmige Zugglied eines Ankers, insbesondere eines Felsankers Expired - Lifetime EP0364802B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118240T ATE79157T1 (de) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Verankerungsvorrichtung fuer das stabfoermige zugglied eines ankers, insbesondere eines felsankers.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8812655U 1988-10-08
DE8812655U DE8812655U1 (de) 1988-10-08 1988-10-08 Verankerungsvorrichtung für das stabförmige Zugglied eines Ankers, insbesondere eines Felsankers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0364802A1 EP0364802A1 (de) 1990-04-25
EP0364802B1 true EP0364802B1 (de) 1992-08-05

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ID=6828670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89118240A Expired - Lifetime EP0364802B1 (de) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Verankerungsvorrichtung für das stabförmige Zugglied eines Ankers, insbesondere eines Felsankers

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4971493A (ko)
EP (1) EP0364802B1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE79157T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU601116B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA1308582C (ko)
DE (2) DE8812655U1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA897637B (ko)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102678143A (zh) * 2012-05-21 2012-09-19 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 一种用于圆形隧洞的双圈预应力锚索的专用变角张拉装置
CN105909288A (zh) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-31 东北大学 一种防岩爆吸波耗能锚杆

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US7066053B2 (en) * 2002-03-29 2006-06-27 Junkers John K Washer, fastener provided with a washer
US7736738B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2010-06-15 Terrasimco Inc. Coated mining bolt
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US20110036025A1 (en) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-17 Boulay Luke F Ground Anchor
FR3006723B1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2015-12-04 Snecma Dispositif de fixation de deux pieces entre elles
AU2015258826B2 (en) * 2014-05-15 2018-11-08 Ncm Innovations (Pty) Ltd Breather tube indicator
EP3336259B1 (de) * 2016-12-16 2019-10-16 Stahlton AG Anker zur verankerung im boden und/oder felsen mit rückbaubarem zugglied
CN108412526B (zh) * 2018-05-14 2023-12-15 重庆大学 一种自适应分级预警锚杆
CN109538266B (zh) * 2019-01-25 2023-10-03 中国矿业大学 一种柔性锚杆
TWM582084U (zh) * 2019-03-15 2019-08-11 王鼎瑞 Fastening structure
CN110851953B (zh) * 2019-09-30 2023-05-26 中铁十二局集团有限公司 穿越无填充型溶洞长锚索锚固力的计算方法、系统及介质
CN113982659B (zh) * 2021-09-25 2023-05-19 陕西省引汉济渭工程建设有限公司 一种隧道初期喷锚支护用锚杆安装设备
CN114458357A (zh) * 2022-02-17 2022-05-10 焦作煤业（集团）新乡能源有限公司 一种煤矿大断面掘进巷道组合支护结构

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102678143A (zh) * 2012-05-21 2012-09-19 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 一种用于圆形隧洞的双圈预应力锚索的专用变角张拉装置
CN102678143B (zh) * 2012-05-21 2014-04-30 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 一种用于圆形隧洞的双圈预应力锚索的专用变角张拉装置
CN105909288A (zh) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-31 东北大学 一种防岩爆吸波耗能锚杆
CN105909288B (zh) * 2016-04-18 2018-05-04 东北大学 一种防岩爆吸波耗能锚杆

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA897637B (en) 1990-07-25
EP0364802A1 (de) 1990-04-25
DE8812655U1 (de) 1989-03-30
AU601116B2 (en) 1990-08-30
DE58901985D1 (de) 1992-09-10
CA1308582C (en) 1992-10-13
AU4249489A (en) 1990-04-12
ATE79157T1 (de) 1992-08-15
US4971493A (en) 1990-11-20

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