EP0364802B1 - Anchoring device for the tensioning rod of an anchor, particularly for a rock bolt - Google Patents

Anchoring device for the tensioning rod of an anchor, particularly for a rock bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0364802B1
EP0364802B1 EP89118240A EP89118240A EP0364802B1 EP 0364802 B1 EP0364802 B1 EP 0364802B1 EP 89118240 A EP89118240 A EP 89118240A EP 89118240 A EP89118240 A EP 89118240A EP 0364802 B1 EP0364802 B1 EP 0364802B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
anchoring device
support member
anchor
tensile force
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89118240A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0364802A1 (en
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Walter Bau AG
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Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
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Priority to AT89118240T priority Critical patent/ATE79157T1/en
Publication of EP0364802A1 publication Critical patent/EP0364802A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anchoring device for a tension member, in particular the tension member of an earth or rock anchor, in which a support element transmitting the tensile force is arranged between an anchoring element that cannot be connected to the tensile member and an anchor plate that can be supported against an abutment, and a to indicate that a predetermined tensile force has been exceeded Relative displacement between the anchoring element and the support element in the direction of the tensile force can be effected.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an anchoring device of the type specified at the outset in order to be able to display the exceeding of the anchor force of a tension member reliably, unambiguously, and clearly visually perceptible in the long term, that is to say not only temporarily, by simple and economical means .
  • the support element comprises a cylindrical hollow body surrounding the anchoring element, the inner wall of which, in its lower area facing the anchor plate, has projections projecting inward beyond its inner contour, against which the anchoring element is supported in a force-transmitting manner, at least with partial areas of its cross-sectional area, such that when the predetermined tensile force is exceeded the support element and / or the anchoring element are plastically deformable in the area of the surfaces in engagement with one another, and that means are provided for displaying the relative displacement that occurs between the anchoring element and the support element.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to use only partial areas of these elements for the force transmission between the anchoring element and the supporting element, which are dimensioned and assigned to one another in such a way that at least one of these elements is removed when the tensile force is exceeded, so that a relative displacement occurs axial direction results.
  • the advantage of the invention is, above all, that this deformation takes place between parts which are in any case necessary for power transmission, that is to say that additional parts which are complex to produce are not required, and therefore cannot be forgotten during installation.
  • the deformation is carried out between two parts separated from the tension member itself; it is thus independent of the shape of the tension member and can therefore be used with any tension member.
  • both the support element and the anchoring element are relatively simple, light parts to be produced, the geometric shape and the tolerances of which can be easily controlled, so that the accuracy and reliability of the display increases.
  • the support element can consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the anchoring element, which is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded.
  • the anchoring element can also consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the support element that is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded, at least in the area that is in operative connection with the projections of the support element.
  • the size of the maximum tensile force can be controlled over a wide range and can also achieve comparatively large values. If the partial surfaces of the support element or of the anchoring element which are in operative connection lie in different planes which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring device, it is also possible to achieve a gradual display with more than one limit load; the individual partial areas then come into contact with one another in accordance with the increase in the anchor force as a result of a mountain deformation.
  • the partial surfaces of the support element and the anchoring element that come into operative connection can also be arranged along a helical line and form a thread.
  • the support element can be designed as a nut and rotatable relative to the anchor plate.
  • the anchoring element can also be designed as a nut and screwed onto the tension member consisting of a steel rod; however, it can also consist of a sleeve pressed by way of cold deformation as a result of radial pressure on the tension member consisting of a steel wire strand.
  • a head plate is expediently provided, which can be firmly connected to the tension member above the anchoring element and which bridges the distance to the supporting element or to the anchoring plate and can be supported against them, which, when this distance is reduced due to longitudinal displacement of the anchoring element, in its visual Appearance are changeable.
  • the head plate can be penetrated by at least one pin running in the direction of movement, which emerges from the top of the head plate when the anchoring element is displaced longitudinally with respect to the support element.
  • pins with different lengths can also be provided.
  • the head plate can be part of a hood that seals against the support element. In this way, it is still possible to provide a visual display even if the entire anchoring device is encapsulated by a corrosion protection cap.
  • a particularly simple design of the display device is obtained if a cylindrical sleeve is provided between the head plate and the support element or the anchor plate, which has a predetermined breaking point under pressure over the course of its length.
  • the predetermined breaking point is expedient by weakening the wall of the sleeve from generated on the inside.
  • the sleeve can be integrally connected to the head plate and form a cover hood that seals against the support element or the anchor plate.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rock anchor with a tension member 1, which is inserted into a borehole 2.
  • the borehole 2 is covered over its entire length by a hardening material 3, e.g. Resin adhesive, filled, in the lower area of which the tension member 1 is embedded and anchored over a certain distance.
  • the tension member 1 is freely stretchable over the remaining area of its total length, e.g. by guiding within a cladding tube 4.
  • An anchoring device A is arranged on the air side to secure the cut-out area 5 and is supported against the cut-out area 5 via an anchor plate 6.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 A first embodiment of an anchoring device A is shown larger in FIGS. 2 to 4 in longitudinal and cross-section.
  • 2a consists of a support element 10 and an anchoring element 11.
  • the latter is designed as an anchoring nut with a hexagonal cross section (FIG. 4), which is screwed with an internal thread 7a onto the external thread 7b of a tension member designed as an anchor rod 1 '.
  • the support element 10 comprises a hollow body 12 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of a cylinder jacket with a hexagonal plan, corresponding to the anchoring nut (FIG. 3).
  • the hollow body 12 is integrally connected to a bottom part 13 with a central bore 14 for the passage of the anchor rod 1 '.
  • the bottom part 13 is dome-shaped on its underside in order to be able to carry out angular rotations to a certain extent with respect to the anchor plate 6.
  • Fig. 3 which shows a cross section through the hollow body 12 without the anchoring nut 11, it can be seen that the shoulder 18 forms a circular inner edge whose diameter D corresponds to that of the inscribed circle of the hexagonal cross section of the hollow body 12.
  • the shoulder 18 thus consists of individual partial surfaces 19 between the inscribed circle and the inner surface 16 of the hollow body 12.
  • the anchoring nut 11 corresponds in its plan shape to the inner cross section of the hollow body 12, so that it is held in it in a rotationally fixed but longitudinally displaceable manner.
  • Fig. 2a shows the anchoring nut 11 shortly before contacting the shoulder 18 of the support element 10. When the full load is taken over, the anchoring nut 11 lies against the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 and thus transmits the partial areas 19 (FIG. 4) Anchor force.
  • the anchoring nut 11 is rotated in a circle at the lower end so that it finds a guide in the lower, narrower area of the interior of the hollow body 12.
  • the shoulder 18 itself is chamfered on the surface to even out the attack of force.
  • the strength of the material of the anchoring nut 11 and the size of the partial surfaces 19 are selected or matched to one another such that only an anchoring force can be transmitted at a predetermined level. If this force is exceeded, the anchoring nut 11 is plastically deformed in the area of the partial surfaces 19. This deformation causes a relative displacement by a distance s between the support element 10 and the anchoring nut 11.
  • Fig. 2b shows the state after a shift s' occurred.
  • the size of the displacement path s which suggests a certain degree of exceeding the anchor force, can be indicated in the simplest way by the length of the anchoring nut 11 being matched to the length of the hollow body 12 in such a way that the anchoring nut 11 at a specific anchor force completely disappears in the hollow body 12; the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11 and the surface 21 of the hollow body 12 then lie in one plane. This means a change in the shape of the anchoring device, which can be perceived in a clearly definable manner even from a certain distance.
  • FIG. 2a and b also show another, more convenient option for displaying the displacement path s, which in principle also allows the display of several force levels.
  • the anchor rod 1 'a head plate 22, e.g. made of plastic, e.g. screwed on.
  • the head plate 22 should be screwed on so far that its lower surface 23 rests on the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11; it then maintains the distance s from the surface 21 of the hollow body 12.
  • Spacers 24, 25 of different lengths are inserted in a clamping manner in the head plate 22; which emerge when the distance s is reduced as a result of deformation occurring through the top plate 22 and are visually perceptible from the outside.
  • the - longer - pin 24 is not yet on the surface 21 of the hollow body 12; in the state of FIG. 2b, it already protrudes upwards, while the - shorter - pin 25 just lies against the surface 21.
  • any other display devices can also be used; a further embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 10a and b.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 can also explain how a load exceedance can be displayed in stages.
  • the edges on the underside of the anchoring nut 11 are removed at different heights.
  • the anchoring nut 11 then initially only lies on the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 with some of these partial areas 19, namely the lowest.
  • Fig. 5 it is shown how when reaching the first stage of the tensile force P1 a first longitudinal displacement takes place over a path S1 until the next partial areas of the anchoring element 11 rest against the shoulder 18. Only when a second stage of the tractive force P2 is reached is there a shift by the path S2. This shift can be followed by further stages if necessary.
  • These different load levels can be indicated by the pins 24, 25 of different lengths, which emerge from the head plate 22 one after the other. The highest load level is reached when all pins have emerged.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention, which e.g. can then be used when there is no fear of angular rotations of the anchor rod relative to the anchor plate.
  • the hollow body 32 of the support element 30 is here direct, i.e. without bottom part placed on a simple flat anchor plate 6 '.
  • the hollow body 32 is provided in its lower region with projections 34 which project inwards beyond its inner wall 33 and which, again, may, but need not, have an oblique surface. As shown in FIG. 7, a total of four such projections 34 are distributed over the inner circumference of the hollow body 32.
  • the anchoring element 31 consists of a simple one circular cylindrical body which can be inserted into and guided in the circular cylindrical cavity of the hollow body 32.
  • the anchoring element 31 which is again provided with an internal thread 7a, onto the external thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 ', it can be provided with a hexagon 35 at the upper end.
  • the projections 34 are removed when the tensile force is exceeded. The displacement path that occurs is visually recognizable by the fact that the anchoring nut 31 disappears in the interior of the hollow body 32.
  • the tension member of the armature here consists of a strand 1 ⁇ made of steel wires, on which a compression sleeve is applied as anchoring element 41 due to radial clamping pressure. Since this compression sleeve 41, in order to be able to deform it, as a rule consists of relatively soft material, an anchoring ring 44 is arranged in front of it in the direction of the force, which can be loosely threaded onto the strand 1 ⁇ .
  • the anchoring ring 44 is provided with helical projections 45 on its outer circumference.
  • the hollow body 42 of the support element 40 has here on its inside 43 an internal thread 46 corresponding to the projections 45.
  • the hollow body 42 expediently consists of a softer material than the anchoring ring 44.
  • the hollow body 42 is supported here again on a base part 47, which in turn is itself with a dome-shaped lower surface in an angular manner to enable the anchor plate 6.
  • anchoring element 41 in particular anchoring ring 44 and hollow body 42 succeeds to a certain extent, a pre-stretching and bracing of the strand 1 ⁇ , since the hollow body 42 can be rotated like a nut relative to the bottom part 47. If the load is exceeded, the deformation takes place here in the threaded region between the anchoring ring 44 and the hollow body 42.
  • the display of the longitudinal displacement that occurs in this case also takes place again via a head plate 48, which can be plugged onto the strand 1 ⁇ or the anchoring element 41 from above.
  • the top plate is formed here by a molded cylindrical wall 49 to form a cover 50 which extends into the area of the hollow body 42 and thus closes off the anchoring device, insofar as it includes the part for indicating the relative displacement, in a manner protected against corrosion.
  • a pin 51 passes through the head plate 48, which is supported with respect to the upper end face 52 of the hollow body 42 and, when the head plate connected to the strand 1 ⁇ is longitudinally displaced, emerges from the top thereof.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b A last exemplary embodiment for an anchoring device according to the invention, based on the illustration in FIGS. 6 and 7, is shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b. While the anchoring device as such in its essential features, namely the support element 60 designed as a hollow body 62 and the anchoring element 61 designed as a nut, corresponds to that according to FIGS. 6 and 7, here is a particularly simple and economical embodiment of the display device for the displacement path s shown.
  • a cover 65 On the upper end of the anchor rod 1 ', which is provided with an external thread 7b, a cover 65 is placed here.
  • the cover 65 consists of a head plate 66, which has on the inside a shoulder 67 with an internal thread 7a, which on the External thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 'fits.
  • the cover 65 itself is formed in that a cylindrical wall 68 is formed on the outer circumference of the head plate 66.
  • the hood 65 can be screwed onto the anchor rod 1 'until its lower end sits on the surface of the anchor plate 6'.
  • a closed cavity is thus formed in the interior of the cover hood 65, which can also be filled with corrosion protection material.
  • the cylindrical wall 68 of the cover hood 65 is provided on the inside with a circumferential annular groove 69 over its length, which forms a predetermined breaking point under pressure. If, when the anchor force is exceeded, the projections 64 projecting beyond the inner surface 63 of the hollow body 62 are removed by the anchoring element 61, so that a longitudinal displacement occurs, then the cylindrical wall 68 of the covering hood 65 is subjected to pressure. This compressive stress leads to failure at the weakest point, namely in the region of the annular groove 69, which then deforms outwards into a bead 70 (FIG. 10b). In this way, the encapsulation of the anchoring device for protection against corrosion can be combined in a particularly simple and economical manner with an indication of an excess of the anchor force that is visually clearly recognizable from the outside.

Abstract

An anchoring device for a tension member of an earth- or rock anchor, where a support element transmitting the tensile force is arranged between an anchoring element undisplaceably connected with the tension member and an anchor plate abuttable against a support base, the support element includes a cylindrical hollow body surrounding the anchoring element, whose inner wall has in its lower region projections protruding inward beyond its inner contour, against which the anchoring element abuts in a force-transmitting manner with partial regions of its cross-sectional area. If a predetermined tensile force is exceeded, the support element and/or the anchoring element can plastically deform in the region of their inter-engaging surfaces, so that a relative displacement occurs in axial direction. Distance or spacer pins are provided in a head plate placed upon the tension member for visual indication of the relative displacement, which after contact with the surface of the hollow body exit upwards from the head plate.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verankerungsvorrichtung für ein Zugglied, insbesondere das Zugglied eines Erd- oder Felsankers, bei der zwischen einem mit dem Zugglied unverschieblich verbindbaren Verankerungselement und einer gegen ein Widerlager abstützbaren Ankerplatte ein die Zugkraft übertragendes Stützelement angeordnet und zum Anzeigen einer Überschreitung einer vorgegebenen Zugkraft eine Relativverschiebung zwischen dem Verankerungselement und dem Stützelement in Richtung der Zugkraft bewirkbar ist.The invention relates to an anchoring device for a tension member, in particular the tension member of an earth or rock anchor, in which a support element transmitting the tensile force is arranged between an anchoring element that cannot be connected to the tensile member and an anchor plate that can be supported against an abutment, and a to indicate that a predetermined tensile force has been exceeded Relative displacement between the anchoring element and the support element in the direction of the tensile force can be effected.

Bei der Auffahrung unterirdischer Hohlräume werden Felsanker zusammen mit Spritzbeton und bogenförmigen Bewehrungen immer mehr zum Standardausbau zumindest für die äußere, an der Hohlraumwand anliegende schalenförmige Sicherung des Gebirges. Dieses als "Neue österreichische Tunnelbauweise" bekanntgewordene Bauverfahren erfordert aber auch eine sorgfältige meßtechnische Überwachung dieser Gebirgesicherung. Hierzu geeignete Geräte beruhen meist auf einer Kontrolle der in die Anker eingetragenen Ankerkraft und sind sehr aufwendig. Eine exakte Überwachung kann deshalb nur in ausgewählten Meßquerschnitten eines Tunnels stattfinden; gleichwohl wäre aus Sicherheitsgründen auch eine Überwachung zwischen diesen Meßquerschnitten sinnvoll.When excavating underground cavities, rock anchors, together with shotcrete and arched reinforcements, are increasingly becoming standard equipment, at least for the outer shell-like securing of the rock against the cavity wall. This construction method, which has become known as the "New Austrian Tunnel Construction Method", also requires careful monitoring of this rock protection system. Suitable devices are usually based on checking the anchor force entered in the anchor and are very complex. Precise monitoring can therefore only take place in selected cross sections of a tunnel; nevertheless, monitoring between these measurement cross sections would also make sense for safety reasons.

Es ist deshalb bekannt geworden, Verankerungsvorrichtungen dieser Art mit Einrichtungen zum optischen oder akustischen Anzeigen einer Überschreitung einer vorgegebenen Ankerkraft auszustatten. So wird bei einem bekannten Felsanker mit einem Ankerstab als Zugglied zwischen der Verankerungsmutter und einer Ankerplatte ein Federelement mit einer der jeweils gewünschten Vorspannung des Ankers entsprechenden Belastbarkeit angeordnet (DE 10 05 474B1). Aus dem Grad der Verformung der Feder beim Anziehen der Verankerungsmutter soll sich erkennen lassen, ob der Anker mit der gewünschten Vorspannung angezogen ist oder sich etwas gelockert hat. Abgesehen davon, daß es verhältnismäßig schwierig und entsprechend aufwendig ist, Federelemente mit einer solchen Kennlinie herzustellen, die eine auch nur einigermaßen zuverlässige Bestimmung einer Grenzkraft erlaubt, sind die Genauigkeit und die visuelle Erkennbarkeit der Anzeige nicht sehr groß.It has therefore become known to provide anchoring devices of this type with devices for optically or acoustically indicating that a predetermined anchor force has been exceeded. In a known rock anchor with an anchor rod as a tension member between the anchoring nut and an anchor plate, a spring element with a load capacity corresponding to the desired prestressing of the anchor is arranged (DE 10 05 474B1). From the degree of deformation of the spring when tightening the anchoring nut, it should be possible to see whether the anchor is with the desired one Preload is tightened or has loosened somewhat. In addition to the fact that it is relatively difficult and correspondingly complex to manufacture spring elements with a characteristic curve which allows even a reasonably reliable determination of a limit force, the accuracy and the visual recognition of the display are not very great.

Ebenfalls bei einem Felsanker mit einem stabförmigen Zugglied ist es bekannt, zwischen der Verankerungsmutter und der Ankerplatte eine spezielle Unterlegscheibe anzuordnen, die mit schräg und in unterschiedlichen Höhen aufragenden Fingern versehen ist (US 4 410 296, die die Merkmale des Oberbegriffes zeigt). Diese Finger sind so dimensioniert, daß sie nur eine bestimmte Ankerkraft übertragen können, bei einer Überschreitung dieser Kraft aber nacheinander brechen. Beim Brechen dieser Finger sollen hörbare Signale entstehen, durch die eine drohende Überlastung des Ankers akustisch angezeigt wird. Abgesehen davon, daß auch diese spezielle Unterlegscheibe aus besonderem Material bestehen muß und aufwendig herzustellen ist, wenn der Zweck erreicht werden soll, beim Brechen der Finger ein hörbares Signal zu erzeugen, ist eine akustische Anzeigemöglichkeit nicht bestimmt genug. Ein akustisches Signal ist nur vorübergehend wahrnehmbar und auch nur dann, wenn sich Personen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Verankerung befinden.Also in a rock anchor with a rod-shaped tension member, it is known to arrange a special washer between the anchoring nut and the anchor plate, which washer is provided with fingers that rise obliquely and at different heights (US Pat. No. 4,410,296, which shows the features of the preamble). These fingers are dimensioned so that they can only transmit a certain anchor force, but break one after the other if this force is exceeded. When these fingers are broken, audible signals are to be generated, by means of which an impending overload of the anchor is acoustically indicated. Apart from the fact that this special washer must also be made of a special material and is expensive to produce if the purpose is to generate an audible signal when the fingers break, an acoustic display option is not determined enough. An acoustic signal is only perceptible temporarily and only when people are in the immediate vicinity of the anchorage.

Der Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Verankerungsvorrichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, um mit einfachen und wirtschaftlichen Mitteln die Überschreitung der Ankerkraft eines Zugglieds zuverlässig, eindeutig bestimmbar und deutlich visuell wahrnehmbar auf Dauer, also nicht nur vorübergehend anzeigen zu können.In contrast, the invention is based on the object of providing an anchoring device of the type specified at the outset in order to be able to display the exceeding of the anchor force of a tension member reliably, unambiguously, and clearly visually perceptible in the long term, that is to say not only temporarily, by simple and economical means .

Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß das Stützelement einen zylindrischen, das Verankerungselement umgebenden Hohlkörper umfaßt, dessen Innenwand in ihrem unteren, der Ankerplatte zugekehrten Bereich über deren Innenkontur nach innen hinausragende Vorsprünge aufweist, gegen die sich das Verankerungselement zumindest mit Teilbereichen seiner Querschnittsfläche kraftübertragend derart abstützt, daß bei Überschreitung der vorgegebenen Zugkraft das Stützelement und/oder das Verankerungselement im Bereich der miteinander in Eingriff befindlichen Flächen plastisch verformbar sind, und daß Mittel zum Anzeigen der dabei auftretenden Relativverschiebung zwischen dem Verankerungselement und dem Stützelement vorgesehen sind.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the support element comprises a cylindrical hollow body surrounding the anchoring element, the inner wall of which, in its lower area facing the anchor plate, has projections projecting inward beyond its inner contour, against which the anchoring element is supported in a force-transmitting manner, at least with partial areas of its cross-sectional area, such that when the predetermined tensile force is exceeded the support element and / or the anchoring element are plastically deformable in the area of the surfaces in engagement with one another, and that means are provided for displaying the relative displacement that occurs between the anchoring element and the support element.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, zur Kraftübertragung zwischen dem Verankerungselement und dem Stützelement jeweils nur Teilflächen dieser Elemente heranzuziehen, die so bemessen und einander so zugeordnet sind, daß zumindest eines dieser Elemente bei einer Überschreitung der Zugkraft abgetragen wird, so daß sich eine Relativverschiebung in axialer Richtung ergibt. Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht vor allem darin, daß diese Verformung zwischen ohnehin zur Kraftübertragung erforderlichen Teilen erfolgt, daß also zusätzliche, aufwendig herzustellende Teile nicht erforderlich sind, beim Einbau also auch nicht vergessen werden können. Außerdem wird die Verformung zwischen zwei vom Zugglied selbst getrennten Teilen vollzogen; sie ist so von der Gestalt des Zuggliedes unabhängig, kann also bei beliebigen Zuggliedern angewendet werden.The basic idea of the invention is to use only partial areas of these elements for the force transmission between the anchoring element and the supporting element, which are dimensioned and assigned to one another in such a way that at least one of these elements is removed when the tensile force is exceeded, so that a relative displacement occurs axial direction results. The advantage of the invention is, above all, that this deformation takes place between parts which are in any case necessary for power transmission, that is to say that additional parts which are complex to produce are not required, and therefore cannot be forgotten during installation. In addition, the deformation is carried out between two parts separated from the tension member itself; it is thus independent of the shape of the tension member and can therefore be used with any tension member.

Vorteilhaft ist auch, daß sich diese Verformung in einem abgeschlossenen Hohlraum vollzieht, somit von äußeren Einflüssen unabhängig, insbesondere gegen Verunreinigungen geschützt ist. Sowohl das Stützelement, wie auch das Verankerungselement sind verhältnismäßig einfache, leicht herzustellende Teile, deren geometrische Formgebung und deren Toleranzen gut beherrschbar sind, so daß die Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Anzeige steigt.It is also advantageous that this deformation takes place in a closed cavity, and is therefore independent of external influences, in particular protected against contamination. Both the support element and the anchoring element are relatively simple, light parts to be produced, the geometric shape and the tolerances of which can be easily controlled, so that the accuracy and reliability of the display increases.

Der Unterschied in der Materialhärte kann für beide Teile frei gewählt werden. So kann das Stützelement zumindest in dem Bereich der Vorsprünge aus einem Material bestehen, das eine höhere Festigkeit aufweist als das Material des Verankerungselementes, das bei Überschreitung der Zugkraft plastisch verformt wird. Andererseits kann auch das Verankerungselement zumindest in dem mit den Vorsprüngen des Stützelementes in Wirkverbindung tretenden Bereich aus einem Material bestehen, das eine höhere Festigkeit aufweist als das Material des Stützelementes, das bei Überschreitung der Zugkraft plastisch verformt wird.The difference in material hardness can be chosen freely for both parts. At least in the area of the projections, the support element can consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the anchoring element, which is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded. On the other hand, the anchoring element can also consist of a material that has a higher strength than the material of the support element that is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded, at least in the area that is in operative connection with the projections of the support element.

Durch entsprechende Formgebung sowohl der äußeren Kontur des Verankerungselementes, wie auch des Umrisses des Stützelementes ist die Größe der maximalen Zugkraft in weiten Bereichen steuerbar und kann auch vergleichsweise große Werte erreichen. Wenn die miteinander in Wirkverbindung tretenden Teilflächen des Stützelementes bzw. des Verankerungselementes in unterschiedlichen, quer zur Längsachse der Verankerungsvorrichtung verlaufenden, in axialer Richtung im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Ebenen liegen, gelingt es auch, eine stufenweise Anzeige mit mehr als einer Grenzlast zu erreichen; die einzelnen Teilflächen kommen dann entsprechend dem Ansteigen der Ankerkraft infolge einer Gebirgsverformung nacheinander miteinander in Berührung.By appropriate shaping of both the outer contour of the anchoring element and the outline of the support element, the size of the maximum tensile force can be controlled over a wide range and can also achieve comparatively large values. If the partial surfaces of the support element or of the anchoring element which are in operative connection lie in different planes which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction and run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring device, it is also possible to achieve a gradual display with more than one limit load; the individual partial areas then come into contact with one another in accordance with the increase in the anchor force as a result of a mountain deformation.

Die miteinander in Wirkverbindung tretenden Teilflächen des Stützelementes und des Verankerungselementes können auch entlang einer Schraubenlinie angeordnet sein und ein Gewinde bilden. Dabei kann das Stützelement als Mutter ausgebildet und gegenüber der Ankerplatte drehbar sein.The partial surfaces of the support element and the anchoring element that come into operative connection can also be arranged along a helical line and form a thread. The support element can be designed as a nut and rotatable relative to the anchor plate.

Auch das Verankerungselement kann als Mutter ausgebildet und auf das aus einem Stahlstab bestehende Zugglied aufschraubbar sein; es kann aber auch aus einer im Wege der Kaltverformung infolge radialen Drucks auf das aus einer Stahldrahtlitze bestehende Zugglied aufgepreßten Hülse bestehen.The anchoring element can also be designed as a nut and screwed onto the tension member consisting of a steel rod; however, it can also consist of a sleeve pressed by way of cold deformation as a result of radial pressure on the tension member consisting of a steel wire strand.

Zur Anzeige der Relativverschiebung ist zweckmäßig eine Kopfplatte vorgesehen, die oberhalb des Verankerungselementes mit dem Zugglied fest verbindbar ist und die den Abstand zum Stützelement bzw. zur Ankerplatte überbrückende und gegen diese abstützbare Elemente aufweist, die bei Verringerung dieses Abstandes infolge Längsverschiebung des Verankerungselementes in ihrem visuellen Erscheinungsbild veränderbar sind.To display the relative displacement, a head plate is expediently provided, which can be firmly connected to the tension member above the anchoring element and which bridges the distance to the supporting element or to the anchoring plate and can be supported against them, which, when this distance is reduced due to longitudinal displacement of the anchoring element, in its visual Appearance are changeable.

Die Kopfplatte kann von mindestens einem in Richtung der Bewegung verlaufenden Stift durchsetzt sein, der bei Längsverschiebung des Verankerungselementes gegenüber dem Stützelement aus der Oberseite der Kopfplatte austritt. Es können auch mehrere Stifte mit unterschiedlicher Länge vorgesehen sein.The head plate can be penetrated by at least one pin running in the direction of movement, which emerges from the top of the head plate when the anchoring element is displaced longitudinally with respect to the support element. Several pins with different lengths can also be provided.

Die Kopfplatte kann schließlich Teil einer gegenüber dem Stützelement dichtenden Haube sein. So gelingt es selbst dann noch eine optische Anzeige zu ermöglichen, wenn die gesamte Verankerungsvorrichtung durch eine Korrosionsschutzkappe verkapselt ist.Finally, the head plate can be part of a hood that seals against the support element. In this way, it is still possible to provide a visual display even if the entire anchoring device is encapsulated by a corrosion protection cap.

Eine besonders einfache Ausbildung der Anzeigevorrichtung ergibt sich dann, wenn zwischen der Kopfplatte und dem Stützelement bzw. der Ankerplatte eine zylindrische Hülse vorgesehen ist, die im Verlauf ihrer Länge eine Sollbruchstelle auf Druck aufweist. Zweckmäßigerweise ist die Sollbruchstelle durch Schwächung der Wand der Hülse von der Innenseite her erzeugt.A particularly simple design of the display device is obtained if a cylindrical sleeve is provided between the head plate and the support element or the anchor plate, which has a predetermined breaking point under pressure over the course of its length. The predetermined breaking point is expedient by weakening the wall of the sleeve from generated on the inside.

Auch hier kann die Hülse mit der Kopfplatte einstückig verbunden sein und eine gegenüber dem Stützelement bzw. der Ankerplatte dichtende Abdeckhaube bilden.Here, too, the sleeve can be integrally connected to the head plate and form a cover hood that seals against the support element or the anchor plate.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Felsanker mit einer an der Luftseite angeordneten Verankerungsvorrichtung, die
  • Fig. 2a und b eine Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung in größerem Maßstab im Längsschnitt in zwei verschiedenen Belastungszuständen,
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch das Stützelement und
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf das Verankerungselement der Verankerungsvorrichtung nach Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 5 ein Diagramm über den Verlauf der Verankerungskraft,
  • Fig. 6 eine andere Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung im Längsschnitt und
  • Fig. 7 im Querschnitt entlang der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6,
  • Fig. 8 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Verankerungvorrichtung im Längsschnitt und
  • Fig. 9 im Querschnitt entlang der Linie IX-IX in Fig. 8 sowie die
  • Fig. 10a und b eine weitere Ausführungsform der Verankerungsvorrichtung im Längsschnitt in zwei verschiedenen Belastungszuständen.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rock anchor with an anchoring device arranged on the air side, the
  • 2a and b an embodiment of the anchoring device on a larger scale in longitudinal section in two different loading conditions,
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the support element and
  • 4 shows a plan view of the anchoring element of the anchoring device according to FIG. 2,
  • 5 shows a diagram of the course of the anchoring force,
  • Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the anchoring device in longitudinal section and
  • 7 in cross section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 6,
  • Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the anchoring device in longitudinal section and
  • Fig. 9 in cross section along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8 and the
  • 10a and b show a further embodiment of the anchoring device in longitudinal section in two different loading conditions.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen Felsanker mit einem Zugglied 1, das in ein Bohrloch 2 eingesetzt ist. Das Bohrloch 2 ist auf seine ganze Länge durch ein erhärtendes Material 3, z.B. Kunstharzkleber, ausgefüllt, in dessen unterem Bereich das Zugglied 1 über eine bestimmte Strecke eingebettet und verankert ist. Über den übrigen Bereich seiner Gesamtlänge ist das Zugglied 1 frei dehnbar, z.B. durch Führung innerhalb eines Hüllrohres 4. An der Luftseite ist zur Sicherung der Ausbruchfläche 5 eine Verankerungsvorrichtung A angeordnet, die sich über eine Ankerplatte 6 gegenüber der Ausbruchfläche 5 abstützt.Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rock anchor with a tension member 1, which is inserted into a borehole 2. The borehole 2 is covered over its entire length by a hardening material 3, e.g. Resin adhesive, filled, in the lower area of which the tension member 1 is embedded and anchored over a certain distance. The tension member 1 is freely stretchable over the remaining area of its total length, e.g. by guiding within a cladding tube 4. An anchoring device A is arranged on the air side to secure the cut-out area 5 and is supported against the cut-out area 5 via an anchor plate 6.

Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Verankerungsvorrichtung A ist in den Fig. 2 bis 4 im Längs- und Querschnitt größer dargestellt. Sie besteht gemäß Fig. 2a aus einem Stützelement 10 und einem Verankerungselement 11. Letzteres ist als Verankerungsmutter mit sechseckigem Querschnitt ausgebildet (Fig. 4), die mit einem Innengewinde 7a auf das Außengewinde 7b eines als Ankerstab 1′ ausgebildeten Zuggliedes aufgeschraubt ist. Das Stützelement 10 umfaßt einen Hohlkörper 12, der im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Zylindermantel mit - der Verankerungsmutter entsprechend - sechseckigem Grundriß besteht (Fig. 3). Der Hohlkörper 12 ist mit einem Bodenteil 13 mit einer zentrischen Bohrung 14 für den Durchtritt des Ankerstabes 1′ einstückig verbunden. Das Bodenteil 13 ist an seiner Unterseite kalottenförmig ausgebildet, um gegenüber der Ankerplatte 6 in gewissem Umfang Winkeldrehungen ausführen zu können.A first embodiment of an anchoring device A is shown larger in FIGS. 2 to 4 in longitudinal and cross-section. 2a consists of a support element 10 and an anchoring element 11. The latter is designed as an anchoring nut with a hexagonal cross section (FIG. 4), which is screwed with an internal thread 7a onto the external thread 7b of a tension member designed as an anchor rod 1 '. The support element 10 comprises a hollow body 12 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of a cylinder jacket with a hexagonal plan, corresponding to the anchoring nut (FIG. 3). The hollow body 12 is integrally connected to a bottom part 13 with a central bore 14 for the passage of the anchor rod 1 '. The bottom part 13 is dome-shaped on its underside in order to be able to carry out angular rotations to a certain extent with respect to the anchor plate 6.

Im Inneren des Hohlkörpers 12 befinden sich im unteren Bereich der Oberfläche 15 des Bodenteils 13 benachbart über die Innenwand 16 des Hohlkörpers 12 hinausragende Vorsprünge 17, die am oberen Ende eine Schulter 18 bilden. Aus Fig. 3, die einen Querschnitt durch den Hohlkörper 12 ohne die Verankerungsmutter 11 zeigt, ist erkennbar, daß die Schulter 18 eine kreisförmige Innenkante bildet deren Durchmesser D demjenigen des einbeschriebenen Kreises des sechseckigen Querschnitts des Hohlkörpers 12 entspricht. Die Schulter 18 besteht somit aus einzelnen Teilflächen 19 zwischen dem einbeschriebenen Kreis und der Innenfläche 16 des Hohlkörpers 12.Inside the hollow body 12 are in the lower Area of the surface 15 of the base part 13 adjacent projections 17 projecting beyond the inner wall 16 of the hollow body 12, which form a shoulder 18 at the upper end. From Fig. 3, which shows a cross section through the hollow body 12 without the anchoring nut 11, it can be seen that the shoulder 18 forms a circular inner edge whose diameter D corresponds to that of the inscribed circle of the hexagonal cross section of the hollow body 12. The shoulder 18 thus consists of individual partial surfaces 19 between the inscribed circle and the inner surface 16 of the hollow body 12.

Die Verankerungsmutter 11 entspricht in ihrer Grundrißform dem Innenquerschnitt des Hohlkörpers 12, so daß sie darin drehfest, aber längsverschieblich gehalten ist. Fig. 2a zeigt die Verankerungsmutter 11 kurz vor der Anlage an der Schulter 18 des Stützelementes 10. Bei Übernahme der vollen Last legt sich die Verankerungsmutter 11 gegen die Schulter 18 des Stützelementes 10 an und überträgt so in den Teilflächen 19 (Fig. 4) die Ankerkraft.The anchoring nut 11 corresponds in its plan shape to the inner cross section of the hollow body 12, so that it is held in it in a rotationally fixed but longitudinally displaceable manner. Fig. 2a shows the anchoring nut 11 shortly before contacting the shoulder 18 of the support element 10. When the full load is taken over, the anchoring nut 11 lies against the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 and thus transmits the partial areas 19 (FIG. 4) Anchor force.

Die Verankerungsmutter 11 ist am unteren Ende kreisförmig abgedreht, damit sie eine Führung im unteren, engeren Bereich des Innenraumes des Hohlkörpers 12 findet. Die Schulter 18 selbst ist an der Oberfläche abgeschrägt, um den Angriff der Kraft zu vergleichmäßigen. Die Festigkeit des Materials der Verankerungsmutter 11 und die Größe der Teilflächen 19 sind so gewählt bzw. aufeinander abgestimmt, daß nur eine Verankerungskraft in vorbestimmter Höhe übertragen werden kann. Bei Überschreitung dieser Kraft wird die Verankerungsmutter 11 im Bereich der Teilflächen 19 plastisch verformt. Durch diese Verformung wird eine Relativverschiebung um eine Strecke s zwischen dem Stützelement 10 und der Verankerungsmutter 11 bewirkt. Fig. 2b zeigt den Zustand nach einer eingetretenen Verschiebung s′.The anchoring nut 11 is rotated in a circle at the lower end so that it finds a guide in the lower, narrower area of the interior of the hollow body 12. The shoulder 18 itself is chamfered on the surface to even out the attack of force. The strength of the material of the anchoring nut 11 and the size of the partial surfaces 19 are selected or matched to one another such that only an anchoring force can be transmitted at a predetermined level. If this force is exceeded, the anchoring nut 11 is plastically deformed in the area of the partial surfaces 19. This deformation causes a relative displacement by a distance s between the support element 10 and the anchoring nut 11. Fig. 2b shows the state after a shift s' occurred.

Die Größe des Verschiebungsweges s, die auf ein bestimmtes Maß der Überschreitung der Ankerkraft schließen läßt, kann auf einfachste Weise dadurch angezeigt werden, daß die Länge der Verankerungsmutter 11 auf die Länge des Hohlkörpers 12 so abgestimmt wird, daß die Verankerungsmutter 11 bei einer bestimmten Ankerkraft im Hohlkörper 12 völlig verschwindet; die Oberfläche 20 der Verankerungsmutter 11 und die Oberfläche 21 des Hohlkörpers 12 liegen dann in einer Ebene. Dies bedeutet eine Veränderung der Form der Verankerungsvorrichtung, die auch aus gewisser Entfernung in eindeutig bestimmbarer Weise wahrnehmbar ist.The size of the displacement path s, which suggests a certain degree of exceeding the anchor force, can be indicated in the simplest way by the length of the anchoring nut 11 being matched to the length of the hollow body 12 in such a way that the anchoring nut 11 at a specific anchor force completely disappears in the hollow body 12; the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11 and the surface 21 of the hollow body 12 then lie in one plane. This means a change in the shape of the anchoring device, which can be perceived in a clearly definable manner even from a certain distance.

Die Fig. 2a und b zeigen aber auch eine andere, komfortablere Möglichkeit zur Anzeige des Verschiebungsweges s, die vom Prinzip her auch die Anzeige mehrerer Kraftstufen erlaubt. Hier ist auf das äußere Ende des Ankerstabes 1′ eine Kopfplatte 22, z.B. aus Kunststoff aufgesetzt, z.B. aufgeschraubt. Die Kopfplatte 22 soll so weit aufgeschraubt werden, daß ihre Unterfläche 23 auf der Oberfläche 20 der Verankerungsmutter 11 aufliegt; sie hält dann den Abstand s zur Oberfläche 21 des Hohlkörpers 12 ein. In die Kopfplatte 22 sind klemmend Distanzstifte 24, 25 unterschiedlicher Länge eingesetzt; die bei Verringerung des Abstandes s infolge eingetretener Verformung durch die Kopfplatte 22 nach oben hin austreten und von außen visuell wahrnehmbar sind. Im Zustand der Fig. 2a liegt der - längere - Stift 24 noch nicht an der Oberfläche 21 des Hohlkörpers 12 an; im Zustand der Fig. 2b ragt er schon nach oben heraus, während der - kürzere - Stift 25 gerade an der Oberfläche 21 anliegt. Anstelle dieser Distanzstifte 24, 25 können auch beliebige andere Anzeigevorrichtungen verwendet werden; ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel wird weiter unten anhand der Fig. 10a und b noch beschrieben werden.2a and b also show another, more convenient option for displaying the displacement path s, which in principle also allows the display of several force levels. Here is on the outer end of the anchor rod 1 'a head plate 22, e.g. made of plastic, e.g. screwed on. The head plate 22 should be screwed on so far that its lower surface 23 rests on the surface 20 of the anchoring nut 11; it then maintains the distance s from the surface 21 of the hollow body 12. Spacers 24, 25 of different lengths are inserted in a clamping manner in the head plate 22; which emerge when the distance s is reduced as a result of deformation occurring through the top plate 22 and are visually perceptible from the outside. 2a, the - longer - pin 24 is not yet on the surface 21 of the hollow body 12; in the state of FIG. 2b, it already protrudes upwards, while the - shorter - pin 25 just lies against the surface 21. Instead of these spacer pins 24, 25, any other display devices can also be used; a further embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 10a and b.

An dem in den Fig. 2 bis 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kann auch erläutert werden, wie eine Lastüberschreitung stufenweise angezeigt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck werden an der Verankerungsmutter 11 die Kanten an der Unterseite in unterschiedlichen Höhen weggenommen. Die Verankerungsmutter 11 legt sich dann zunächst nur mit einigen dieser Teilflächen 19, nämlich den untersten, auf die Schulter 18 des Stützelementes 10 auf. In dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten Diagramm ist dargestellt, wie bei Erreichen der ersten Stufe der Zugkraft P₁ eine erste Längsverschiebung über einen Weg S₁ erfolgt, bis die nächstfolgenden Teilflächen des Verankerungselements 11 an der Schulter 18 anliegen. Erst bei Erreichen einer zweiten Stufe der Zugkraft P₂ erfolgt wiederum eine Verschiebung um den Weg S₂. Dieser Verschiebung können gegebenenfalls noch weitere Stufen folgen. Durch die unterschiedlich langen Stifte 24, 25, die nacheinander aus der Kopfplatte 22 austreten, können diese unterschiedlichen Laststufen angezeigt werden. Die höchste Laststufe ist erreicht, wenn alle Stifte ausgetreten sind.On the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 can also explain how a load exceedance can be displayed in stages. For this purpose, the edges on the underside of the anchoring nut 11 are removed at different heights. The anchoring nut 11 then initially only lies on the shoulder 18 of the support element 10 with some of these partial areas 19, namely the lowest. In the diagram shown in Fig. 5 it is shown how when reaching the first stage of the tensile force P₁ a first longitudinal displacement takes place over a path S₁ until the next partial areas of the anchoring element 11 rest against the shoulder 18. Only when a second stage of the tractive force P₂ is reached is there a shift by the path S₂. This shift can be followed by further stages if necessary. These different load levels can be indicated by the pins 24, 25 of different lengths, which emerge from the head plate 22 one after the other. The highest load level is reached when all pins have emerged.

In den Fig. 6 und 7 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Verankerungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung dargestellt, die z.B. dann eingesetzt werden kann, wenn Winkeldrehungen des Ankerstabes gegenüber der Ankerplatte nicht zu befürchten sind. Der Hohlkörper 32 des Stützelementes 30 ist hier unmittelbar, d.h. ohne Bodenteil auf eine einfache ebene Ankerplatte 6′ aufgesetzt. Die Ankerplatte 6′ stützt sich ihrerseits unmittelbar gegen die Ausbruchfläche 5 ab.6 and 7 show a second embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention, which e.g. can then be used when there is no fear of angular rotations of the anchor rod relative to the anchor plate. The hollow body 32 of the support element 30 is here direct, i.e. without bottom part placed on a simple flat anchor plate 6 '. The anchor plate 6 'in turn is supported directly against the breakout surface 5.

Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Hohlkörper 32 in seinem unteren Bereich mit über seine Innenwand 33 nach innen vorstehenden Vorsprüngen 34 versehen, die wieder eine schräge Oberfläche haben können, aber nicht müssen. Wie Fig. 7 zeigt, sind insgesamt vier solcher Vorsprünge 34 über den Innenumfang des Hohlkörpers 32 verteilt.In this exemplary embodiment too, the hollow body 32 is provided in its lower region with projections 34 which project inwards beyond its inner wall 33 and which, again, may, but need not, have an oblique surface. As shown in FIG. 7, a total of four such projections 34 are distributed over the inner circumference of the hollow body 32.

Das Verankerungselement 31 besteht aus einem einfachen kreiszylindrischen Körper, der in den kreiszylindrischen Hohlraum des Hohlkörpers 32 einsetzbar und in diesem geführt ist. Um das Verankerungselement 31, das wieder mit einem Innengewinde 7a versehen ist, auf das Außengewinde 7b des Ankerstabes 1′ aufschrauben zu können, kann es am oberen Ende mit einem Sechskant 35 versehen sein. Bei dieser Ausführungsform einer Verankerungsvorrichtung werden bei Überschreitung der Zugkraft die Vorsprünge 34 abgetragen. Der dabei eintretende Verschiebungsweg wird nach außen visuell erkennbar dadurch angezeigt, daß die Verankerungsmutter 31 im Inneren des Hohlkörpers 32 verschwindet.The anchoring element 31 consists of a simple one circular cylindrical body which can be inserted into and guided in the circular cylindrical cavity of the hollow body 32. In order to be able to screw the anchoring element 31, which is again provided with an internal thread 7a, onto the external thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 ', it can be provided with a hexagon 35 at the upper end. In this embodiment of an anchoring device, the projections 34 are removed when the tensile force is exceeded. The displacement path that occurs is visually recognizable by the fact that the anchoring nut 31 disappears in the interior of the hollow body 32.

In den Fig. 8 und 9 ist ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Verankerungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung dargestellt. Das Zugglied des Ankers besteht hier aus einer Litze 1˝ aus Stahldrähten, auf die als Verankerungselement 41 eine Preßhülse infolge radialen Klemmdrucks unverschiebbar aufgebracht ist. Da diese Preßhülse 41, um sie verformen zu können, in der Regel aus verhältnismäßig weichem Material besteht, ist in Kraftrichtung gesehen vor ihr ein Verankerungsring 44 angeordnet, der lose auf die Litze 1˝ aufgefädelt sein kann. Der Verankerungsring 44 ist an seinem Außenumfang mit schraubenlinienförmig verlaufenden Vorsprüngen 45 versehen. Der Hohlkörper 42 des Stützelementes 40 besitzt hier an seiner Innenseite 43 ein den Vorsprüngen 45 entsprechendes Innengewinde 46. Zweckmäßig besteht der Hohlkörper 42 aus einem weicheren Material als der Verankerungsring 44. Der Hohlkörper 42 stützt sich hier wieder auf ein Bodenteil 47 ab, das sich seinerseits mit einer kalottenförmigen Unterfläche in Winkeldrehungen ermöglichender Weise an die Ankerplatte 6 anlegt.8 and 9, a third embodiment of an anchoring device according to the invention is shown. The tension member of the armature here consists of a strand 1˝ made of steel wires, on which a compression sleeve is applied as anchoring element 41 due to radial clamping pressure. Since this compression sleeve 41, in order to be able to deform it, as a rule consists of relatively soft material, an anchoring ring 44 is arranged in front of it in the direction of the force, which can be loosely threaded onto the strand 1˝. The anchoring ring 44 is provided with helical projections 45 on its outer circumference. The hollow body 42 of the support element 40 has here on its inside 43 an internal thread 46 corresponding to the projections 45. The hollow body 42 expediently consists of a softer material than the anchoring ring 44. The hollow body 42 is supported here again on a base part 47, which in turn is itself with a dome-shaped lower surface in an angular manner to enable the anchor plate 6.

Mit dieser Ausführungsform von Verankerungselement 41, insbesondere Verankerungsring 44 und Hohlkörper 42 gelingt auch in gewissem Maße eine Vordehnung und Verspannung der Litze 1˝, da der Hohlkörper 42 mutternartig gegenüber dem Bodenteil 47 gedreht werden kann. Bei einer Lastüberschreitung erfolgt die Verformung hier in dem Gewindebereich zwischen dem Verankerungsring 44 und dem Hohlkörper 42.With this embodiment of anchoring element 41, in particular anchoring ring 44 and hollow body 42 succeeds to a certain extent, a pre-stretching and bracing of the strand 1˝, since the hollow body 42 can be rotated like a nut relative to the bottom part 47. If the load is exceeded, the deformation takes place here in the threaded region between the anchoring ring 44 and the hollow body 42.

Die Anzeige der dabei eintretenden Längsverschiebung erfolgt auch hierbei wieder über eine Kopfplatte 48, die auf die Litze 1˝ bzw. das Verankerungselement 41 von oben her aufsteckbar ist. Die Kopfplatte ist hier durch eine angeformte zylindrische Wand 49 zu einer Abdeckhaube 50 ausgebildet, die bis in den Bereich des Hohlkörpers 42 reicht und so die Verankerungsvorrichtung, soweit sie den Teil zum Anzeigen der Relativverschiebung umfaßt, korrosionsgeschützt abschließt. Durch die Kopfplatte 48 tritt ein Stift 51 hindurch, der sich gegenüber der oberen Stirnfläche 52 des Hohlkörpers 42 abstützt und bei einer Längsverschiebung der mit der Litze 1˝ verbundenen Kopfplatte oben aus dieser heraustritt.The display of the longitudinal displacement that occurs in this case also takes place again via a head plate 48, which can be plugged onto the strand 1˝ or the anchoring element 41 from above. The top plate is formed here by a molded cylindrical wall 49 to form a cover 50 which extends into the area of the hollow body 42 and thus closes off the anchoring device, insofar as it includes the part for indicating the relative displacement, in a manner protected against corrosion. A pin 51 passes through the head plate 48, which is supported with respect to the upper end face 52 of the hollow body 42 and, when the head plate connected to the strand 1˝ is longitudinally displaced, emerges from the top thereof.

Ein letztes, auf der Darstellung in den Fig. 6 und 7 aufbauendes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Verankerungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung ist in den Fig. 10a und 10b dargestellt. Während die Verankerungsvorrichtung als solche in ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen, nämlich dem als Hohlkörper 62 ausgebildeten Stützelement 60 und dem als Mutter ausgebildeten Verankerungselement 61, derjenigen nach den Fig. 6 und 7 entspricht, ist hier eine besonders einfache und wirtschaftliche Ausführungsform der Anzeigevorrichtung für den Verschiebungsweg s gezeigt. Auf das obere Ende des Ankerstabes 1′, der mit einem Außengewinde 7b versehen ist, ist hier eine Abdeckhaube 65 aufgesetzt. Die Abdeckhaube 65 besteht aus einer Kopfplatte 66, die an der Innenseite einen Ansatz 67 mit Innengewinde 7a aufweist, das auf das Außengewinde 7b des Ankerstabes 1′ paßt. Die Abdeckhaube 65 selbst ist dadurch gebildet, daß an den Außenumfang der Kopfplatte 66 eine zylindrische Wand 68 angeformt ist. Die Haube 65 kann so weit auf den Ankerstab 1′ aufgeschraubt werden, bis ihr unteres Ende auf der Oberfläche der Ankerplatte 6′ aufsitzt. Damit ist ein abgeschlossener Hohlraum im Inneren der Abdeckhaube 65 gebildet, der auch mit Korrosionsschutzmaterial ausgefüllt werden kann.A last exemplary embodiment for an anchoring device according to the invention, based on the illustration in FIGS. 6 and 7, is shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b. While the anchoring device as such in its essential features, namely the support element 60 designed as a hollow body 62 and the anchoring element 61 designed as a nut, corresponds to that according to FIGS. 6 and 7, here is a particularly simple and economical embodiment of the display device for the displacement path s shown. On the upper end of the anchor rod 1 ', which is provided with an external thread 7b, a cover 65 is placed here. The cover 65 consists of a head plate 66, which has on the inside a shoulder 67 with an internal thread 7a, which on the External thread 7b of the anchor rod 1 'fits. The cover 65 itself is formed in that a cylindrical wall 68 is formed on the outer circumference of the head plate 66. The hood 65 can be screwed onto the anchor rod 1 'until its lower end sits on the surface of the anchor plate 6'. A closed cavity is thus formed in the interior of the cover hood 65, which can also be filled with corrosion protection material.

Die zylindrische Wand 68 der Abdeckhaube 65 ist im Verlauf ihrer Länge an der Innenseite mit einer umlaufenden Ringnut 69 versehen, die eine Sollbruchstelle auf Druck bildet. Werden bei einer Überschreitung der Ankerkraft die über die Innenfläche 63 des Hohlkörpers 62 hinausragenden Vorsprünge 64 durch das Verankerungselement 61 abgetragen, tritt also eine Längsverschiebung ein, dann wird die zylindrische Wand 68 der Abdeckhaube 65 auf Druck beansprucht. Diese Druckbeanspruchung führt zu einem Versagen an der schwächsten Stelle, nämlich im Bereich der Ringnut 69, die sich dann nach außen hin zu einem Wulst 70 verformt (Fig. 10b). Auf diese Weise läßt sich in besonders einfacher und wirtschaftlicher Weise die Verkapselung der Verankerungsvorrichtung zum Schutz vor Korrosion mit einer von außen her visuell deutlich erkennbaren Anzeige einer Überschreitung der Ankerkraft kombinieren.The cylindrical wall 68 of the cover hood 65 is provided on the inside with a circumferential annular groove 69 over its length, which forms a predetermined breaking point under pressure. If, when the anchor force is exceeded, the projections 64 projecting beyond the inner surface 63 of the hollow body 62 are removed by the anchoring element 61, so that a longitudinal displacement occurs, then the cylindrical wall 68 of the covering hood 65 is subjected to pressure. This compressive stress leads to failure at the weakest point, namely in the region of the annular groove 69, which then deforms outwards into a bead 70 (FIG. 10b). In this way, the encapsulation of the anchoring device for protection against corrosion can be combined in a particularly simple and economical manner with an indication of an excess of the anchor force that is visually clearly recognizable from the outside.

Claims (15)

1. An anchoring device for a tension member, in particular the tension member (1, 1′, 1˝) of a ground anchor or rock anchor, in which a support member (10, 30, 40, 60) transmitting the tensile force is disposed between an anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61), which can be connected non-displaceably with the tension member (1, 1′, 1˝), and an anchor plate (6, 6′) which can be braced against an abutment, and to indicate the exceeding of a predetermined tensile force a relative displacement can take place between the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) and the support member (10, 30, 40, 60) in the direction of the tensile force, characterised in that the support member (10, 30, 40, 60) comprises a cylindrical hollow body (12, 32, 42, 62) surrounding the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61), the inner wall (16, 33, 43, 63) of which has in its lower region nearest the anchor plate (6, 6′) projections (17, 34, 45, 64) which protrude inwardly beyond its inner contour thereof and against which the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) is braced, at least with partial zones (19) of its cross-sectional surface, to transmit force in such a way that, when the predetermined tensile force is exceeded, the support member (10, 30, 40, 60) and/or the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) are plastically deformable in the vicinity of the surfaces situated in engagement with one another, and in that means are provided for indicating the relative displacement then occurring between the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) and the support member (10, 30, 40, 60).
2. An anchoring device according to Claim 1, characterised in that, at least in the vicinity of the projections (17, 34, 45, 64), the support member (10, 30, 40, 60) consists of a material which is of greater strength than the material of the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) which is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded.
3. An anchoring device according to Claim 1, characterised in that, at least in the zone coming into operative connection with the projections (17, 34, 45, 64) of the support member (10, 30, 40, 60), the anchoring member (11, 31, 41, 61) consists of a material which is of greater strength than the material of the support member (10, 30, 40, 60) which is plastically deformed when the tensile force is exceeded.
4. An anchoring device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in- that the surface portions (19) of the support member (10) and/or of the anchoring member (11) coming into operative connection with one another lie in different planes extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the anchoring device and disposed at a distance apart in the axial direction.
5. An anchoring device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the respective surface portions (45, 46) of the support member (40) and of the anchoring member (41) are disposed along a helix and form a screw thread.
6. An anchoring device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the support member (40) is in the form of a nut and it is rotatable relative to the anchor plate.
7. An anchoring device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the anchoring member (11, 31, 61) is in the form of a nut and can be screwed on to the tension member (1) consisting of a steel rod (1′).
8. An anchoring device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the anchoring member (41) consists of a sleeve which by cold forming as a result of radial pressure is pressed on to the tension member (1˝) which consists of a strand of steel wire.
9. An anchoring device according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, to indicate the relative displacement, a head plate (22, 48, 66) is provided above the anchoring member (11, 41, 61) which can be securely connected with the tension member (1′) and which has members spanning the distance from the support member (10, 40, 60) and/or from the anchor plate (6) and able to be braced thereagainst, which members are variable in their visual appearance in the event of a reduction in this distance as a result of longitudinal displacement of the anchoring member.
10. An anchoring device according to Claim 9, characterised in that the head plate (22, 48) is penetrates by at least one peg (24, 25 or 51) which extends in the direction of movement and which, in the event of longitudinal displacement of the anchoring member (11, 41) relative to the support member (10, 40), emerges from the upper side of the head plate (22, 48).
11. An anchoring device according to Claim 10, characterised in that a plurality of pegs (24, 25) of different length are provided.
12. An anchoring device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the head plate (48) is part of a cap effecting a seal with respect to the support member (40) and/or the anchor plate (6).
13. An anchoring device according to Claim 9, characterised in that between the head plate (66) and the support member (60) and/or the anchor plate (6′) a cylindrical wall (68) is provided which along its length has a predetermined location which breaks under pressure.
14. An anchoring device according to Claim 13, characterised in that the predetermined breaking location is defined by an annular groove (69) formed on the inside of the wall (68).
15. An anchoring device according to Claim 13 or 14, , characterised in that the cylindrical wall (68) is connected integrally with the head plate (66) and forms a covering cap (65) effecting a seal with respect to the support member and/or the anchor plate.
EP89118240A 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Anchoring device for the tensioning rod of an anchor, particularly for a rock bolt Expired - Lifetime EP0364802B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118240T ATE79157T1 (en) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 ANCHORING DEVICE FOR THE ROD-SHAPED TENSILE OF AN ANCHOR, ESPECIALLY A ROCK ANCHOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8812655U DE8812655U1 (en) 1988-10-08 1988-10-08
DE8812655U 1988-10-08

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EP0364802A1 EP0364802A1 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0364802B1 true EP0364802B1 (en) 1992-08-05

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EP89118240A Expired - Lifetime EP0364802B1 (en) 1988-10-08 1989-10-02 Anchoring device for the tensioning rod of an anchor, particularly for a rock bolt

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US (1) US4971493A (en)
EP (1) EP0364802B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE79157T1 (en)
AU (1) AU601116B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1308582C (en)
DE (2) DE8812655U1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA897637B (en)

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CN105909288A (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-31 东北大学 Anti-rock burst wave-absorbing energy dissipation anchor pole

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CN102678143B (en) * 2012-05-21 2014-04-30 中国水利水电第六工程局有限公司 Special variable angle tensioning device for double-ring pre-stressed anchor for circular tunnel
CN105909288A (en) * 2016-04-18 2016-08-31 东北大学 Anti-rock burst wave-absorbing energy dissipation anchor pole
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE79157T1 (en) 1992-08-15
DE8812655U1 (en) 1989-03-30
AU601116B2 (en) 1990-08-30
US4971493A (en) 1990-11-20
CA1308582C (en) 1992-10-13
AU4249489A (en) 1990-04-12
ZA897637B (en) 1990-07-25
EP0364802A1 (en) 1990-04-25
DE58901985D1 (en) 1992-09-10

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