Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F35/00—Washing machines, apparatus, or methods not otherwise provided for
  • D06F35/005—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying
  • D06F35/006—Methods for washing, rinsing or spin-drying for washing or rinsing only
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
  • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
  • D06F39/04—Heating arrangements

Definitions

• the cleaning of soiled textile goods by treatment with liquors containing aqueous washing constituents can be conceptually divided into the stages of washing and rinsing. Both washing and rinsing are carried out in one or more stages according to current practice.
• the appliances that are common today in households and businesses allow a wide range of adaptations to the optimal washing conditions. Desired goals include - while maintaining the quality of the washing result - the saving of energy, water and washing aids.
• the manufacturer gen of detergents and washing machines seems still a 'beträchtl Icher investment of time, energy and basic chemicals used including the required water amount as inevitable.
• the invention is based on the object to provide time and material ein ⁇ saving steps in laundry linen Availability checked ⁇ supply, substantiel le improvements can be achieved by the co-use within a conventional fabric laundering operations. This applies both to the level of washing Processes as well as for the stage of rinsing out the contaminated fleet from the washed textile.
• the use and summary of the new method measures shown according to the invention opens up the possibility of achieving substantial savings in time, energy, water and / or detergent ingredients, if desired.
• the broadest definition of the invention is a method for washing and / or rinsing textile materials with aqueous, if desired, ingredients of detergents and / or cleaning agents containing liquids using elevated temperatures, the new method being characterized in that the washing and / or rinsing operations are carried out at least in sections under the action of high-frequency vibrations in the microwave range - hereinafter referred to simply as "microwaves" for simplicity - on the soaked textile material.
• microwaves high-frequency vibrations
• a soaked textile material is exposed to the action of microwaves, the total water content of which lies in the range of the natural retention capacity of the textile material for the aqueous phase or only exceeds this amount of water to a limited extent.
• the invention thus makes use of two basic principles which, in this form and in particular in their combination, have not hitherto been used for the problem of textile washing.
• the use of high-frequency electromagnetic vibrations in the upper megahertz range up to the middle gigahertz range has increasingly been put into practice in recent years.
• the example known for the household sector is the microwave oven, which is used for rapid, thorough heating and, where appropriate, prior defrosting of prefabricated dishes.
• the selected microwave radiation of the lower to middle gigahertz range for example the Range of about 0.1 to 300 GHz and preferably of the range of about 0.1 to 30 GHz - excites the water molecules present in the material to be warmed up and thus causes the water-containing material to be heated from the inside.
• the penetration possibility of the radiation into the interior of the material to be heated is greater at lower frequencies in the specified range than at the higher frequencies, see, for example, "Mikro ⁇ wel len", Günter Nemitz, Kunststoff 1 980, page 1 55.
• the present disclosure of the invention accordingly comprises the general new principle described below for improving both the washing and the rinsing steps on textile materials, in particular on soiled textile material.
• the detergent substances dissolved in this wash liquor are brought into contact with the soiled textile oil phase by suitable measures, in particular by the action of temperature, and / or textile mechanics, where they loosen the incrustations of dirt and stabilize the loosened dirt in the wash liquor
• suitable measures in particular by the action of temperature, and / or textile mechanics, where they loosen the incrustations of dirt and stabilize the loosened dirt in the wash liquor
• the washing process and the auxiliary washing agents used can be found, for example, in Ullmann "Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 4th edition, Volume 24, detergents, especially subchapter 2, "Theory of the washing process" loc. Cit., Page 68 ff.
• the invention is based on the prerequisite discussed here, the fundamental finding that it is not necessary for the effective implementation of the crucial processes for dirt removal and removal of the textile fiber, an aqueous washing liquor separated from the damp textile.
• surprising increases in effectiveness which manifest themselves in particular and also in a shortening of the time required to set a predetermined washing result, are achieved when the amount of water is essentially limited to the amount of the textile while setting a moist state can be taken up to the state of the soaked textile. It immediately lights up: If the washing ingredients usually used are no longer distributed in a large amount of water, but only about the amount of water that the textile can bind is available, cleaning-promoting conditions are set in several ways.
• the concentration of detergent substances in the now greatly reduced amount of liquid is significantly increased and thus, for example, the activity of wetting surfactants is improved.
• the detergent active in this embodiment can naturally only be found in the immediate vicinity of the fiber - and not far from the fiber in the bath liquid.
• Surfactants, bleaches, activators, enzymes, builders, washing alkalis and any other detergent ingredients are - as stated preferably also in increased concentration - bound to the place where they have to fulfill their task. It has been shown that a subtask can be solved in an improved manner, which is of outstanding importance for the washing result.
• the range of moisture according to the invention is limited to a maximum of about such amounts as can be absorbed by the textile without forming excessive amounts of serum phase, the various processes being particularly suitable for facilitating the acceleration ⁇ nigen and 'to promote, with which the previous extensive theory of the washing process has dealt intensively - but so far always based on the framework of working in a conventional system with excess aqueous liquor.
• the use of such an aqueous excess of washing liquor can be dispensed with in the washing stages.
• the moist to soaked textile is subjected to known process elements, in particular to the mechanical and mechanical effects and / or heating, but these processes are now sufficient in the absence or practically in the absence of large amounts of excess aqueous liquor on the moistened or soaked textile intense conditions.
• the penetrating energy attack of the microwaves in the GHz range mainly affects the water molecules in and in the immediate vicinity of the textile fiber structure.
• the water or the aqueous solution and / or slurry of washing constituents is therefore heated up where the effective temperature increase is desired in order to intensify the washing result. Excess and ultimately lost energy for heating a large amount of liquor is no longer necessary.
• the use of microwaves to facilitate, shorten and improve textile washing becomes a decisive advantage.
• microwaves in the process according to the invention can be intermittent or continuous, based on the respective process step, and can sweep over a process step as a whole or only affect parts of such a process step.
• Microwave irradiation of the damp or soaked textile material means the heating of the irradiated material.
• the general legal requirements for textile washing must be observed.
• hot laundry can also be safely heated to correspondingly high temperatures under the process conditions according to the invention.
• Other temperature-sensitive textile materials for example purely synthetic materials based on polyester or wool, are subject to the known restrictions regarding the use of washing temperatures. H ere is, however, to consider that the action period of elevated temperature - OF INVENTION ⁇ to the invention process can be greatly shortened,
• ERSia down to the range of 1 minute and below, for example down to an exposure range of 10 seconds.
• Such a period of time is already sufficiently long for the promotion of washing-technical processes between detergent ingredients and fiber under the process conditions according to the invention, and therefore has a positive effect here, without, where appropriate, being associated with serious temperature damage to the textile material.
• This is an important difference to conventional washing processes, which work with comparatively long periods of time for heating up the entire fleet and the goods to be washed.
• the temperature to be set in the textile can be controlled by selecting the intensity and duration of the energy radiation. Intermittent irradiation with comparatively low powers - for example with a maximum of 1 00 to 200 watts per household washing machine - allows the setting of moderate temperatures if this is necessary.
• Such temperature control can be promoted by further measures known per se in connection with textile washing. So it may be preferred to subject the soaked textile in batches or continuously during and / or between the phases of the microwave action to the influence of textile mechanics. In particular, it is preferred in this embodiment to circulate the moist to wet textile material. This results in temperature compensation within , the textile goods and with the surrounding container wall, so that practically any temperature range can be set.
• the process of, for example, wetting the soiled textile with the surfactant-containing aqueous phase absorbed by the textile can then also be selected for as long as desired at predetermined temperature ranges.
• cook-resistant or largely cook-resistant laundry is subjected to this stage of the process, it is generally possible to use high output - for example with up to 1,000 watts per washing machine load - continuously or batch-free to be worked wisely. It is also preferred here to use additional textile mechanics in the sense described above. This movement of the textile material leads to an intensification of the wetting and cleaning processes which take place between the liquid phase in the textile containing the detergent substances and the fiber or the dirt present on the fiber.
• no more than about 15 minutes and in particular no more than about 10 minutes are required in order to effect the required sufficient reaction between the washing ingredients and dirt-laden fiber.
• conditioning means the creation of such a condition in the overall system that subsequent addition of washing liquid - for example also cold water - causes the conditioned dirt to be washed out of the textile.
• This period of preparatory conditioning of the soiled textile in the sense of such a washing process is often measured in minutes and can, for example, already be completed in a period of up to about 5 minutes.
• adequate conditioning effects for the subsequent rinsing out can possibly also be set up in seconds.
• a soaked one Textile material exposed to the action of microwaves, the liquid core amount of which is largely limited to the amount retained in the textile.
• the amount of liquid in the periods of energy irradiation does not exceed at most about twice the maximum retention capacity of the textile material for the liquid phase.
• the amount of the liquid phase is preferably so limited that this maximum retention capacity is not exceeded by more than about 0.5 times.
• amounts of liquid are used, for example in the range of the maximum retention capacity.
• liquid phase in all parts of the textile material to ensure the desired penetrating wetting while displacing the microdisperse residual air.
• much smaller amounts of liquid can be used, at least at the beginning of the washing phase.
• a concentrated solution or slurry of the detergent auxiliaries is distributed as uniformly as possible on the textile surface, for example by spraying with simultaneous textile movement.
• the liquid phase can then be added until the maximum retention capacity of the textile material has been reached. From the beginning, or even subsequently, energy radiation by microwaves can be provided batchwise or continuously.
• the liquid phase containing the detergent ingredients can be applied to the dry textile material.
• the textile material to be wetted can first be wetted with an aqueous liquid phase, for example pure water and are then freed from a portion of the liquid phase by a simple and customary mechanical process step, for example by centrifuging and / or pressing.
• the liquid phase containing detergent ingredients is then applied to such pre-wetted goods and uniformly distributed there.
• the intermittent use of microwave radiation and thus the increase in temperature in the textile material can be advantageous. It can be seen that the combination of process measures chosen according to the invention enables a hitherto unknown degree of freedom in the control of the processes between fiber, dirt and detergent ingredients desired on the textile.
• the detergent ingredients and in particular surfactant components are used in such an amount that their concentration is higher than that of conventional textile washing, based on the limited amount of the liquid phase in the textile in an aqueous liquor - in each case based on the volume unit of the liquid phases to be compared with one another, overall, however, it may still be preferred to select the amount of detergent substances, and here in particular detergent surfactants in these network stages, approximately in such a way that - now based on textile dry goods - roughly corresponds to that of conventional textile laundry.
• the intensification of the work steps for dirt detachment and conditioning which is possible according to the invention, also makes it possible, however, to reduce the amount of detergent ingredients in excess in comparison with the previously usual washing processes with aqueous liquor.
• the nature of the soiled textile goods and the dirt to be removed as well as the amount of dirt to be removed determine the amounts of detergent to be used in individual cases.
• the general laws of the textile washing process also apply to the implementation of the method according to the invention.
• Increasing the temperature leads to intensification and / or shortening of the washing process, the same applies to increasing the Concentration of detergent additives and for the use or the intensification of textile mechanics.
• the process according to the invention can be carried out in the washing stage described here with mixtures of detergent ingredients in the usual sense, for example with so-called textile detergents.
• Detergent ingredients and items to be washed are coordinated with one another in a manner known per se. Details can be found in the cited chapter "Detergents" in Ulmann, op. Cit. At this point, the individual detergent ingredients and their function are explained in detail.
• a first washing process which is carried out essentially with detersive surfactants and auxiliaries suitable for them, and which leads to the conditioning and subsequent detachment of grease, oil and / or pigment stains.
• a first group of problem stains can be tackled, for example bleachable stains.
• the working method according to the invention brings in the radiation of. Microwave energy with simultaneous limitation of the liquid phase to a maximum of the amount of the retention capacity of the textile material to be treated compared to the liquid phase, but also substantial advantages for the rinsing of the textile following the dirt detachment and conditioning.
• the way in which this dirt detachment and / or conditioning has been carried out is irrelevant.
• the following information on this part of the teaching according to the invention deals generally with an improved, preferably multi-stage, rinsing process for textile materials.
• At least 1 rinsing stage is carried out under the action of microwaves.
• the decisive factor is the activation - that is, the temperature increase - in the 1st Section of such a rinsing step, which takes place in the liquid phase in the immediate vicinity of the textile fiber.
• each rinsing phase can be initiated by irradiation of microwave energy with hot rinsing liquid, which can then be completed in an energy-saving manner by dilution with cold rinsing water.
• the above-described intensive wetting of soiled textile material is particularly suitable under the conditions according to the invention to bring about the optimal conditions for a subsequent immediate cleaning by the action of ultrasound on the textile material.
• the textile conditioned according to the invention under the action of microwaves in the wet stage is taken up in an aqueous liquor and then exposed to the action of ultrasound transmitters, in particular in the range from about 20 to 100 kHz, preferably in the range from about 20 to 40 kHz.
• a further embodiment of the invention which has proven to be particularly advantageous for many applications, provides that the treated material is also dried with at least partial exposure to microwaves.
• the drying of textile goods washed in the sense of the invention can be carried out in the same device with batch or continuous exposure to microwaves.
• the text mechanics provided in the preferred embodiment anyway that is, that
• E REPLACEMENT LEAF Circulation of the material to be dried - are used, but on the other hand, alternatively or additionally, further process aids can be used. It has proven to be particularly expedient to promote the drying process with at least partial action of the microwaves by simultaneously flowing through the possibly circulated material with an air stream which carries the air laden with moisture out of the washing device. Compared to the usual laundry drying in a hot air stream, there are considerable process advantages here.
• the air to be used does not need to be heated as such; under the influence of the microwaves, the moisture evaporates in the textile, it is absorbed by the air flow passing through the washing device and discharged from the cleaning chamber. By loading the air stream with moisture, the heating of this moisture-laden air stream in the area of microwave radiation is ensured at the same time, so that the undesired condensation of moisture components in the gas phase inside the cleaning chamber can be prevented.
• the invention relates to devices which are suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention and are described below in their essential elements.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment according to
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment in the manner of a drum washing machine and in FIG. 3 In a schematic rear view, an embodiment according to
• a cavity resonator 2 designed as a metal tub 1, which is closed on all sides, with walls reflecting microwaves towards the cavity interior 3, and an energy conductor 4 designed as a waveguide opens into the upper region of the cavity resonator 2.
• the energy conductor 4 is connected to a microwave transmitter or generator designed as a magnetron 6, the area of which projects into the waveguide 4 has the usual distance from lambda / 4 to the inner surfaces of the waveguide 4.
• a movable closure 7 is arranged, with which the energy conductor can be sealed against the ingress of water.
• the movable closure 7 can consist of metal, plastic, rubber or the like.
• the cavity resonator 2 In its floor area, the cavity resonator 2 has a glass plate 8 which, as a so-called base load, prevents microwaves from being returned to the magnetron when the device is in use is operated without load. Furthermore, a metal propeller 9 is arranged as a field distributor in the cavity resonator 2 at the level of the coupling hole 5.
• the cavity resonator 2 has in its interior 3 a vane element 10, the drive shaft 11 of which is guided centrally through the bottom 12 of the cavity resonator 2.
• the passage area of the drive shaft 1 1 through the floor 1 2 is sealed, for example, by a labyrinth seal 29 with appropriate shielding in a microwave and water-tight manner against the cavity resonator interior 3.
• the drive shaft 11 1 is fastened to a reversing gear 13, by means of which the rotational movement which can be picked up on an electric motor 14 is transmitted to the drive shaft 11 1.
• the cavity resonator 2 has an outlet 15 in the region of its base 1 2 for discharging liquid from the cavity resonator interior 3.
• the mouth opening 16 into the cavity resonator interior 3 can be covered by a movable closure 17 made of metal 1 and can be shielded against the passage of microwaves.
• the drain 15 is connected to a pump 18, by means of which liquid 6 is sucked out of the cavity 3 when the orifice is not closed and is fed to a drain line 19 or return line 20.
• the pump 1 8 is designed in terms of its performance and design such that it can generate a slight negative pressure in the cavity 3, for which purpose the cavity 3 is advantageously sealed off from the outside environment.
• the return line 20 opens into the inlet 21, through which the aqueous liquid required for washing and / or rinsing is supplied to the cavity resonator interior 3.
• the inlet 21, like the outlet 15, is closed with a movable closure 22. bar .
• valves for example solenoid valves, can be provided in the outlet 15 and the inlet 21 directly adjacent to the wall areas of the cavity resonator 2.
• a lye reservoir 23 and a further pump 24 are arranged in the return line 20.
• a detergent dispenser 25 with fresh water inlet 26 opens into the return line 20 or the inlet 21.
• the liquid flow within the return line 20 and to the inlet 21 can be regulated with valves 27 and 28.
• the cavity resonator 2 For the filling of the cavity resonator 2 with goods intended for washing and / or rinsing, the cavity resonator 2 has an opening 31 in its upper region, which can be closed with a door or flap 30 in a microwave and waterproof manner. The treated material is also removed again from the cavity resonator 2 through the opening 31.
• a temperature sensor 32 and a moisture sensor 33 are attached to the inner wall of the cavity resonator 2, which are effectively connected to the microwave generator 6 in a manner not shown here and when one is reached desired temperature to prevent the generation of further microwaves.
• the above-described components of the device according to the invention are preferably arranged in or on a housing 34, which is designed and can be handled similarly to known tub washing machines.
• the liquid which may still be present in excess in the textiles and which may still be present in the cavity resonator interior 3 is pumped out of this, possibly with the formation of a slight negative pressure in the cavity resonator 2, and into the drain line 19 or the suds storage container 23 headed.
• the actual washing process described further above is then started.
• the wing element 10 is also kept rotating in the washing process.
• the inlet 21 and the outlet 15 are covered with the closures 22 and 17, and the closure 7 is removed from the coupling hole 5.
• the microwave radiation now starting can be timed, intermittent or even, and can take place with constant or different power. If necessary, microwave irradiation can also take place when the aqueous liquid enters the cavity interior.
• the sequence of one or more washing and / or washing programs can be controlled and regulated by an automatic program (not shown here) and associated switching elements, as is customary in modern washing machines of a known type.
• FIGS 2 and 3 show a device according to the invention in the manner of conventional drum washing machines.
• the cavity resonator 35 is designed as a metal lye container which is closed on all sides.
• the cavity resonator 35 is resiliently suspended in a housing 36.
• This resilient suspension consists of spring elements 37 engaging the cavity resonator 35 in its upper region on the outside and shock absorbers 38 engaging the cavity resonator 35 in its lower region on the outside, which spring elements 37 and shock absorbers 38 with their respective other ends on the Housing 36 are hinged.
• the cavity resonator interior 39 has a horizontally arranged drum 40 made of plastic, which is provided in its radial side wall with sieve-like openings 41 and inner driver ribs 42.
• a drive shaft 43 is axially attached to the drum 40, which is led out of the cavity resonator through a wall of the cavity resonator 35 and ends in a further bearing in the region of an outer wall of the housing 36.
• a rotary movement that can be generated by means of an electric motor 44 is transmitted to the drive shaft 43 with a V-belt 45.
• Various speeds can be generated with the electric motor 44, in particular slow speeds which set the drum 40 in the usual washing rotation and faster speeds which set the drum 40 in the usual spin rotation.
• With their front area is the drum 40 is mounted in a groove 46 of a sheet metal wall 47 forming a side wall of the cavity resonator 35.
• a rubber or plastic seal 48 seals the space 49 between the housing front wall 50 and sheet metal wall 47 in a watertight manner.
• the housing front wall 50 is made of metal l and has in the area of the drum 40 a door 51 for filling the drum 40 with items to be washed.
• the intermediate space 49 and the door 51 are sealed against the emergence of microwaves, in particular out of the housing 36, and each have a high frequency or. microwave-proof shielding.
• the door 51 can have a glass viewing window with an inserted wire mesh for shielding the microwaves.
• a waveguide 52 opens into the cavity resonator interior 39 and has a coupling hole 53 in the mouth region.
• microwaves can be generated by means of a magnetron 54, as also described for FIG. 1.
• Field distributors 55 and a base load 56 are arranged in the cavity resonator interior 39.
• an inlet 57 and an outlet 58 open into the cavity resonator interior 39.
• the coupling hole 53, the inlet 57 and the outlet 58 are as described for FIG. 1 by movable closures 59, 60 and 61 microwave or. watertight lockable.
• the drain 58 is connected to a pump 63 by means of a line 62.
• a fluff filter 64 is arranged upstream of the pump 63 in the line 62. Liquid pumped out of the cavity resonator interior 39 can be supplied from the pump 63 to a drain line 65 or a return line 66.
• the return line 66 opens into the inlet 57.
• a fresh water supply line 67 opens into the return line 66 in the area of the inlet 57.
• a detergent dispenser 68 is arranged in line 67. To regulate the liquid flows in the lines 65, 66 and 67 in the return line
• REPLACEMENT BLA device 66 valves 69 and 70 provided.
• the area where the drive shaft 43 passes through the cavity resonator 35 is sealed in a microwave and water-tight manner by a bearing 72 in the manner of a labyrinth seal.
• the washing process in the devices according to FIGS. 2 and 3 is analogous to that described for a device according to FIG. Only here, of course, instead of the wing element 10, the drum 40 moves.
• the pressing and removal of excess water or washing liquid in the wetted material in the sense of the method according to the invention takes place in the device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in that the rotational speed ⁇ the drum 40 increases briefly to spin speed and the liquid is pumped out by means of the pump 63. It is not necessary here for a slight negative pressure to be generated in the cavity resonator interior 39.
• Both the drum and the wing element 10 can be set in rotation continuously or discontinuously, if desired by changing the direction of rotation.
• thermocouple 73 extending into the interior of the drum 40 is arranged coaxially to the axis of the drive shaft 43.
• the thermocouple 73 is plastic-coated and its measuring tip 74 ends in the interior of the plastic cylinder 75 surrounding the thermocouple.
• the microwave transmitter or generator 6 or. 54 has one
• ER ⁇ T "'J" ⁇ - Power between 1 00 watts and 1.5 kilowatts.
• the microwave generator used in each case can be regulated to different power outputs.
• the microwave generation can be constant, timed or intermittent.
• the device according to the invention is not limited to the use of a magnetron for microwave generation.
• a reflex klystron, a traveling wave tube, Gunn oscillators, avalanche delay diodes, microwave transistors or the like can also be used.
• the devices according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can have a security element arranged on the door 51 or the flap 30, which is effectively connected to the microwave generator and / or the devices regulating the liquid inlet and / or outlet, so that the microwave generation or the liquid supply is interrupted by means of the safety element.
• the inlets 21 and 57 to the interior of the cavity resonator 2 and. 35 be designed as spray heads or nozzles.
• I can in or on the cavity resonator 2 or. 35, but in particular in the cavity resonator 2 designed as a metal tub, ultrasonic generators for generating ultrasonic vibrations and / or devices emitting UV radiation can be arranged.
• FIGS. Such as electrical lines and modules for an automatic washing machine, which are, however, already necessary for the operation of conventional washing machines and are familiar to the person skilled in the art, are not shown in detail in FIGS. These correspond to the elements known from the usual washing machine technology.
• the described exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention can be modified in many ways without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
• commercial washing machines can also be operated using the method according to the invention and can be provided with corresponding cavity resonators for micro-elf reflection.
• a device is conceivable in which the items to be washed are introduced into a plastic drum which can be subjected to microwaves and which is arranged in a metal housing.
• an " elongated drum of the rotary tube type which has a double drum section with an inner drum made of plastic, which can be exposed to microwaves, while the outer drum in this area and the subsequent ones, optionally as single-drum sections formed drum areas made of metal l, the single drum areas on the drum inner side optionally being provided with microwave-absorbing material to form a reflection-free closure.
• a commercially available microwave oven of the "Siemens HF 0650" brand is used as the microwave device, which provides for a time-controlled power input in the following stages: 90 W, 180 W, 360 W or 600 W.
• the radiated energy has a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
• the washing tests are carried out with tissue samples which are soiled with standard dirt and which come from the applicant's in-house production.
• the initial contamination values of the contaminated test fabrics used determined by measuring the reflectance with the Elrephomat DFC 5 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), are as follows:
• Polyester-cotton blend fabric refined
• a stock liquor which contains the heavy-duty liquid detergent in a 6-fold concentration compared to the detergent concentration used in conventional textile washing.
• Soiled with dust / sebum polyester / cotton blend refined (SH-PBV) is added a quantity of the stock liquor, which is just sufficient to soak the textile material without forming sub ⁇ stantielle amounts of additional serum phase.
• the soaked textile is placed in a glass vessel in the microwave oven and then treated as follows:
• the textile material pretreated in this way is then washed out with lukewarm water, dried and subjected to the determination of the remission value. Determined remission value: 71 C% remission).
• the fabric subjected to double washing in this way is carefully rinsed out with lukewarm water and dried, and its remission value is then determined to be 79.8 (% remission).
• a piece of textile (SH-PBV) soaked through with the concentrated washing solution is wrapped in a dry terry cloth.
• the package is placed in the microwave oven and here in 2 process steps for 30 seconds each. irradiated with a power input of 600 watts.
• the packet-like textile mass is removed from the microwave oven and opened.
• the dry wrapping of the terry towel shows no tangible warming up.
• the interior and, in particular, the soaked soiled test fabric are, however, highly heated.
• the soiled test fabric has given off deeply colored stains to the adjacent dry terry material.
• the textile material to be washed is again thoroughly penetrated with the concentrated wash liquor and again wrapped in the dry terry towel. Subsequently, the textile package is again for a period of 30 seconds. exposed to 600 watts of power.
• Example 3 is repeated, but now instead of a dry covering with terry cloth, the test fabric to be cleaned is covered with a wet terry cloth.
• the degree of saturation of the textile test material to be cleaned corresponds to the maximum retention capacity of this sample, the terry cloth is first completely wetted with pure water, but then squeezed out by hand and used in this form as a covering.
• Example 3 The working conditions of Example 3 are repeated.
• the outer terry cloth is also strongly heated in this experiment, and when the package is opened, it becomes apparent that the temperature inside the package is obviously higher than it can be felt on the outer surface of the package.
• the pre-wetted soiled test material is washed in lukewarm water and dried.
• the reflectance value of the washed and dried material is 80.7.
• Test fabric containing bleachable tea stain is impregnated with a concentrated wash liquor which contains a commercially available powdered heavy-duty detergent in a 5 to 6-fold concentration compared to a conventional textile wash.
• the impregnated textile material is initially in three irradiation sections, each with a power irradiation of 180 watts, for 20 seconds. and then treated 2 x 1 0 sec. Between these periods of microwave radiation, the well-wetted textile is subjected to intensive manual circulation.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
• Accessory Of Washing/Drying Machine, Commercial Washing/Drying Machine, Other Washing/Drying Machine (AREA)

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