EP0353457B1 - Device for recognizing and separating impurities from a stream of synthetic or glass material - Google Patents
Device for recognizing and separating impurities from a stream of synthetic or glass material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0353457B1 EP0353457B1 EP89111738A EP89111738A EP0353457B1 EP 0353457 B1 EP0353457 B1 EP 0353457B1 EP 89111738 A EP89111738 A EP 89111738A EP 89111738 A EP89111738 A EP 89111738A EP 0353457 B1 EP0353457 B1 EP 0353457B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensors
- stream
- valves
- chute
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
- B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
- B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
- B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for detecting and separating metallic contaminants in a material flow made of plastic or glass according to the preamble of the main claim.
- the above-mentioned document describes a device for separating particles from a bulk goods heap, with which the bulk goods parts can be sorted according to certain criteria, for example, sorting broken glass pieces according to their color.
- the bulk material throughput should take place on an industrial scale, i.e. even with larger bulk material throughput, it should be ensured that the bulk material streams are separated in such a way that bulk material particles arranged one behind the other can be recognized and evaluated.
- a vibrating trough with a downstream free-fall section is used, color detection sensors scanning the free-fall section and selective blowing nozzles downstream of these sensors, so that color-selective collection can be carried out in a collecting container.
- US-A-3,179,247 describes certain light detectors for material sorters which provide output signals depending on the opaque particles being scanned.
- the evaluation criteria are matched to the special case described there and are not generally transferable because they can only be used in particular for transparent objects.
- An advantage of the known arrangement is that one or more adjacent sensors are activated in accordance with the size of the parts to be eliminated, and one or more blowing nozzles can thus be actuated on the basis of their output signals.
- EP-A1-325 558 In a not previously published European document (EP-A1-325 558), a method and a device are described which, comparable to the present invention, serve for the detection of foreign bodies in a stream of bodies which are permeable to electromagnetic radiation.
- the object of the present invention is to further develop a device of the generic type in such a way that the impurities are targeted, ie can be removed with very high security, so that the amount of waste occurring can be reduced and re-sorting can be prevented.
- the sensors designed as metal detectors consist of a transmitter loop which specifies a high-frequency electromagnetic field and extends over the entire width of the material flow, and on the receiver side consist of a plurality of mutually independent coils, where each of the coils consists of two windings connected in opposite directions.
- the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter loop induces equally large but opposite AC voltages in the opposite windings of the coil of each individual detector, so that the difference in the normal state, i.e.
- the difference signal is amplified in a differential amplifier and rectified via a rectifier, so that the amplitude of the amplified Signal is a clear measure not only for the presence of metal particles in the material flow, but even for the size of the respective metal particle, since a comparison can be used to make use of a difference value within a comparator circuit, which not only enables qualitative but also quantitative evaluation .
- metallic contaminants are removed from a stream of plastic or glass material.
- the material stream 1 to be examined is spread uniformly on a feed device 2, for example a conveyor belt, and distributed over its entire width.
- the material flow consists of lumpy parts that are easy to pour. With glass, the body size should be as uniform as possible.
- a chute 3 connects to the feed device 2, on which the material stream 1 is drawn out in length due to the acceleration due to the fall.
- Part of the slide 3 is made of glass 4 or ceramic material, and, as shown in FIG. 1, the glass plate 4 can also be arranged separately from the slide 3.
- a sensor arrangement 5 which consists of several sensors, the sensors extending over the entire width of the material flow 1.
- the output signals of the sensor arrangement are forwarded to a control unit 6, which controls the solenoid valves 7 depending on the signal state.
- the valves 7 are connected to an air accumulator and distributor 8 and actuate blow nozzles 9 which are arranged transversely to the material flow 1 in its fall line. If one of the output signals of the sensors of the sensor arrangement 5 reports a contamination 10 to the control unit 6, it controls the valve 7 assigned to the sensor, which actuates the associated blowing nozzle 9, the control unit 6 naturally taking into account the fall time of the contamination 10 from the detection point to the blowing point. As shown in FIG.
- the impurity 10 is blown out of the material stream 1 and falls via a deflector 11 into a container 12 for the impurities, while the remaining material stream is collected and / or passed on free of impurities by a collecting device 13 .
- the blow-out point is covered by a protective hood 14.
- the sensor arrangement 5 in which metallic contaminations are to be detected, the sensor arrangement 5 consists of a metal detector arrangement, with many small metal detectors being required for targeted detection of the location of the metallic contamination. To rule out mutual interference, the overall system must be "single-frequency". Therefore, with a transmitter loop that extends over the entire width of the material stream 1, a high-frequency magnetic field is generated, which supplies the receivers that are at a certain distance from the transmitter loop.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the electrical arrangement with metal detector and control unit 6.
- An oscillator 20 with a power output stage supplies the transmitter loop 21 with a continuous sinusoidal AC voltage, the frequency of which can be in the range from 1 kHz to approximately 1 MHz.
- the transmitter loop 21 is on Trimming capacitor 22 in parallel, which together form an oscillating circuit.
- the receiver ie the actual metal detector, consists of several independent coils, one of the coils 23 being shown in the drawing.
- the coil 23 is constructed from two windings 24, 25 connected to one another, which are connected to a differential amplifier 26.
- the differential amplifier 26 is followed by a rectifier 27, a low-pass filter 28, an amplifier 29 and a comparator 30.
- the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter loop 21 induces equally large alternating voltages in the windings 24, 25 of the coil 23, but by connecting the coil windings in opposite directions, so that the difference in the normal state, ie without metallic contamination, is equal to or approximately zero.
- the difference signal is amplified in the differential amplifier 26, rectified and filtered in the rectifier 27.
- the amplitude of the signal which is amplified in the amplifier 29 and is a measure of the size of the metal part, is compared with a reference value, this comparison being carried out in the comparator 30, which, as soon as the amplitude of the signal exceeds the predetermined reference value, generates a digital switching signal.
- the digital switching signal is sent to a control unit 31, which is part of the control unit 6 and controls the solenoid valves 7.
- Various parameters can be set via a control unit (not shown), for example the sensitivity caused by changing the height the reference voltage 32, ie is given by the switching threshold of the comparator 30.
- the control unit 6 preferably has a microprocessor which interrogates and reads in the signals of the individual coils 23 at a defined clock frequency. After the preset delay time, the corresponding solenoid valves 7 are also actuated for the specific preset blowing time. The program also monitors the frequency with which a solenoid valve is switched on in order to detect malfunctions, for example when a valve is switched on continuously. The control of the valves 7 by the microprocessor takes into account the geometric distances between the coil 23 and blow-out nozzles 9, which is compensated for by the delay time. The valves 7 are activated earlier by their reaction time.
- the coils 23 and the valves 7 are assigned in a special way in order to achieve the smallest possible reject quantity with each blowing pulse, which is caused by a metal part in the material flow 1. This assignment is shown in Fig. 3.
- Each coil 23 is assigned two valves 7 in the falling line, which is identified by the arrow 35, which are controlled as follows: If coil A responds, valves V1, V2 are activated; if coils A and B respond, valves V2 and V3 are activated. If coil B responds, valves V3 and V4 are activated, and if coils B and C respond, valves V4 and V5 are activated; this continues in the same way. This control ensures that only one coil width, which corresponds to two valves, is blown out.
- metal detectors are used as sensors, since metal parts are to be removed from the material flow.
- optoelectronic sensors can also be used as sensors, which detect both mineral contaminants such as clay or ceramics and metallic contaminants. The evaluation and control then takes place in an analogous manner.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen und Trennen von metallischen Verunreinigungen in einem Materialstrom aus Kunststoff oder Glas nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a device for detecting and separating metallic contaminants in a material flow made of plastic or glass according to the preamble of the main claim.
Derartige Vorrichtungen sind ganz allgemein bekannt (DE-A-30 02 239).Such devices are generally known (DE-A-30 02 239).
Unter Berücksichtung des zunehmenden Rohstoff- und Energie- und Umweltbewußtseins ist man auch bestrebt, Kunststoffe oder Glas wieder zu verwenden. Dabei sind das gebrauchte, in Form von Schüttgut vorliegende Glas oder die Kunststoffe von Verunreinigungen, insbesondere metallischen Komponenten durchsetzt, die vor einer Wiederverwendung entfernt werden müssen.Taking into account the increasing awareness of raw materials, energy and the environment, efforts are also being made to reuse plastics or glass. The used glass, in the form of bulk material, or the plastics are contaminated by impurities, in particular metallic components, which have to be removed before reuse.
Hierfür ist zunächst eine Vereinzelung des Schüttgutes erforderlich. Vorstehend genannte Druckschrift beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zur Vereinzelung von Teilchen eines Schüttguthaufens, mit der eine Sortierung der Schüttgutteile nach bestimmten Kriterien vorgenommen werden kann, beispielsweise eine Sortierung von Altglasscherben nach ihrer Farbe. Hierbei soll der Schüttgutdurchsatz in industriellem Maßstab erfolgen, d.h. es soll auch bei größerem Schüttgutdurchsatz gewährleistet sein, Schüttgutströme derart zu vereinzeln, daß hintereinander angeordnete Schüttgutteilchen erkannt und bewertet werden können. Hierfür wird eine Schwingrinne mit nachgeschalteter Freifallstrecke benutzt, wobei Farberkennungssensoren die Freifallstrecke abtasten und diesen Sensoren selektierende Blasdüsen nachgeschaltet sind, so daß in einem Sammelbehälter farbselektiert gesammelt werden kann.First of all, a separation of the bulk material is required. The above-mentioned document describes a device for separating particles from a bulk goods heap, with which the bulk goods parts can be sorted according to certain criteria, for example, sorting broken glass pieces according to their color. The bulk material throughput should take place on an industrial scale, i.e. even with larger bulk material throughput, it should be ensured that the bulk material streams are separated in such a way that bulk material particles arranged one behind the other can be recognized and evaluated. For this purpose, a vibrating trough with a downstream free-fall section is used, color detection sensors scanning the free-fall section and selective blowing nozzles downstream of these sensors, so that color-selective collection can be carried out in a collecting container.
Die Recyclebarkeit von Altglas scheitert in der Praxis jedoch weniger an der farblichen Trennbarkeit desselben, als vielmehr daran, daß Verunreinigungen metallischer Natur ihre Wiederverarbeitung erheblich erschweren dadurch, daß die im Altglasstrom vorhandenen bzw. nicht auszuschließenden Metallteile bis zur Zerstörung wertvoller Hochleistungsmaschinen führen können, zumindest jedoch zu häufigen Stillstands- und damit Ausfallzeiten im Produktionsablauf. Diese Verunreinigungen gilt es daher mit Sicherheit und gezielt zu entfernen, bevor eine Wiederverarbeitung des Altglases ohne die Notwendigkeit einer aufwendigen Nachsortierung erfolgen kann. Um hierfür, wie bekanntermaßen bereits vorgeschlagen, Blasdüsen ansteuern zu können, die jeweils bestimmten Sensoren zugeordnet sind, was zu einer Optimierung der Selektierung führt, muß von den Sensoren eine hohe Leistungsfähigkeit bzw. eine große Erkennsicherheit erwartet werden. Ein derart hohes Auflösungsvermögen ist für die Problematik der Farberkennungssensoren nicht zwingend vorgeschrieben, da ein ungewolltes Einspeisen beispielsweise eines Braunglaspartikels in den Grünglas-Sammelbehälter, wenn diese Fehleinspeisung auch nur selten genug vorkommt, nicht zu Produktionsschäden oder nennenswerten Qualitätsverlusten des herzustellenden Recyclingproduktes führen kann. Der Ausscheidung von maschinenzerstörenden Metallteilen ist insofern erheblich größere Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen, was sich entsprechend auf die geforderte Sensorgestaltung niederschlägt.In practice, however, the recyclability of waste glass does not fail so much because of the color separability of the glass, but rather because contaminations of a metallic nature make their reprocessing considerably more difficult because the metal parts present in the waste glass stream or which cannot be excluded can lead to the destruction of valuable high-performance machines, at least however too frequent downtimes and therefore downtimes in the production process. It is important to remove these contaminants safely and in a targeted manner before the old glass can be reprocessed without the need for time-consuming re-sorting. In order to be able to control blowing nozzles for this purpose, as is known to have already been proposed, the respective sensors are assigned are, which leads to an optimization of the selection, a high performance or a high level of recognition must be expected from the sensors. Such a high resolution is not mandatory for the problem of color detection sensors, since an unwanted feeding of, for example, an amber glass particle into the green glass collecting container, if this incorrect feeding occurs only rarely enough, cannot lead to production damage or significant loss of quality of the recycling product to be manufactured. The elimination of machine-destroying metal parts must be given much greater attention, which is reflected in the required sensor design.
Sensoren für die hier anstehende Problemstellung sind bekannt.Sensors for the problem at hand here are known.
So beschreibt beispielsweise die US-A-3,179,247 bestimmte Lichtdetektoren für Materialsortierer, die Ausgangssignale in Abhängigkeit von jeweils abgetasteten lichtundurchlässigen Teilchen vorgeben. Schaltungstechnisch sind die Auswertungskriterien auf den dort beschriebenen Sonderfall abgestimmt und insofern nicht allgemein übertragbar, weil sie insbesondere nur auf durchsichtige Gegenstände anwendbar sind. Vorteilhaft bei der bekannten Anordnung ist jedoch, daß entsprechend der Größe der auszuscheidenden Teile einen oder mehrere benachbarte Sensoren aktiviert werden und so anhand deren Ausgangssignalen eine oder mehrere Blasdüsen betätigbar sind.For example, US-A-3,179,247 describes certain light detectors for material sorters which provide output signals depending on the opaque particles being scanned. In terms of circuitry, the evaluation criteria are matched to the special case described there and are not generally transferable because they can only be used in particular for transparent objects. An advantage of the known arrangement, however, is that one or more adjacent sensors are activated in accordance with the size of the parts to be eliminated, and one or more blowing nozzles can thus be actuated on the basis of their output signals.
Auch eine weitere bekannte Vorrichtung (US-A-3,581,888) greift dieses Problem auf, wobei mit dieser zusätzlich noch jeweils weitere benachbarte Blasdüsen ansteuerbar sind. Das in diesem Zusammenhang verwendete Speicher-Abtastsystem läßt ausschließlich bezüglich parallel geschalteter Blasdüsen zum Detektorsystem einen weitläufigen Vergleich zu, wobei über die Steuereinheit die Zeit zwischen Erkennung der Verunreinigung durch die Sensoren und dem Ausblasen der Verunreinigung aus dem Materialstrom durch die Blasdüsen einstellbar ist.Another known device (US-A-3,581,888) addresses this problem, with this in addition, further neighboring blowing nozzles can also be controlled. The memory scanning system used in this context allows a comprehensive comparison only with respect to blow nozzles connected in parallel to the detector system, the time between the detection of the contamination by the sensors and the blowing out of the contamination from the material flow through the blow nozzles being adjustable via the control unit.
Schließlich soll hier noch angeführt sein, daß es auch bekannt ist, Sensoren zur Feststellung von metallischen Verunreinigungen als Metalldetektoren auszubilden (US-A-4,311,241).Finally, it should also be mentioned here that it is also known to design sensors for the detection of metallic contaminants as metal detectors (US Pat. No. 4,311,241).
In einem nicht vorveröffentlichten europäischen Dukoment (EP-A1-325 558) werden ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung beschrieben, die, mit der vorliegenden Erfindung vergleichbar, zum Feststellen von Fremdkörpern in einem Strom von für elektromagnetische Strahlung durchlässigen Körpern dient.In a not previously published European document (EP-A1-325 558), a method and a device are described which, comparable to the present invention, serve for the detection of foreign bodies in a stream of bodies which are permeable to electromagnetic radiation.
Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung ein, die von der vorteilhaften Anordnung einer Mehrzahl von Sensoren zum Feststellen metallischer Verunreinigungen über die gesamte Breite des Materialstromes ausgeht und auch davon, daß den Sensoren jeweils individuell steuerbare Blasdüsen nachgeschaltet sind.This is where the present invention comes in, which is based on the advantageous arrangement of a plurality of sensors for detecting metallic impurities over the entire width of the material flow and also on the fact that individually controllable blowing nozzles are connected downstream of the sensors.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art dahingehend weiter zu entwickeln, daß die Verunreinigungen gezielter, d.h. mit sehr hoher Sicherheit entfernt werden können, so daß die auftretende Abfallmenge verringert und Nachsortierungen verhindert werden können.The object of the present invention is to further develop a device of the generic type in such a way that the impurities are targeted, ie can be removed with very high security, so that the amount of waste occurring can be reduced and re-sorting can be prevented.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Hauptanspruches in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of the main claim in conjunction with the features of the preamble.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen angegebenen Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements are possible through the measures specified in the subclaims.
Neu gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik ist bei der vorliegenden Erfindung, daß die als Metalldetektoren ausgebildeten Sensoren aus einer ein hochfrequentes elektromagnetisches Feld vorgebenden Senderschleife, die sich über die gesamte Breite des Materialstromes erstreckt, und empfängerseitig aus einer Mehrzahl von voneinander unabhängigen Spulen bestehen, wobei jede der Spulen aus zwei gegensinnig geschalteten Wicklungen besteht. Das von der Senderschleife erzeugte elektromagnetische Feld induziert in den gegenläufigen Wicklungen der Spule jedes einzelnen Detektors gleichgroße, aber gegensinnige Wechselspannungen, so daß die Differenz im Normalzustand, d.h. dann, wenn keine metallischen Verunreinigungen im Materialstrom vorhanden sind, innerhalb eines sehr genau einstellbaren Schwellenwertes gleich Null ist, während bereits bei Anwesenheit geringster Metallteilchen eine von Null erhebliche Abweichung gemessen werden kann, auf die individuell und gezielt die betreffende nachgeschaltete Blasdüse anzusprechen vermag. Das Differenzsignal wird in einem Differenzverstärker verstärkt und über einen Gleichrichter gleichgerichtet, so daß die Amplitude des verstärkten Signals ein eindeutiges Maß nicht nur für das Vorhandensein von Metallteilchen im Materialstrom, sondern sogar für die Größe des jeweiligen Metallteilchens ist, da mittels eines Vergleiches innerhalb einer Komparatorschaltung auf einen Differenzwert zurückgegriffen werden kann, der nicht nur die qualitative, sondern auch die quantitative Auswertung ermöglicht.What is new about the known prior art in the present invention is that the sensors designed as metal detectors consist of a transmitter loop which specifies a high-frequency electromagnetic field and extends over the entire width of the material flow, and on the receiver side consist of a plurality of mutually independent coils, where each of the coils consists of two windings connected in opposite directions. The electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter loop induces equally large but opposite AC voltages in the opposite windings of the coil of each individual detector, so that the difference in the normal state, i.e. when there are no metallic impurities in the material flow, within a very precisely adjustable threshold value of zero is, while even in the presence of the smallest metal particles, a significant deviation from zero can be measured, to which the relevant downstream blow nozzle can respond individually and in a targeted manner. The difference signal is amplified in a differential amplifier and rectified via a rectifier, so that the amplitude of the amplified Signal is a clear measure not only for the presence of metal particles in the material flow, but even for the size of the respective metal particle, since a comparison can be used to make use of a difference value within a comparator circuit, which not only enables qualitative but also quantitative evaluation .
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Prinzipdarstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
- Fig. 2
- ein Blockschaltbild der Sensoren und der Steuereinheit,
und - Fig. 3
- die Zuordnung der Ventile zu den jeweiligen Sensoren.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic diagram of the device according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a block diagram of the sensors and the control unit,
and - Fig. 3
- the assignment of the valves to the respective sensors.
Bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel werden metallische Verunreinigungen aus einem Kunststoff- oder Glasmaterialstrom entfernt. Gemäß Fig. 1 wird der zu untersuchende Materialstrom 1 gleichmäßig auf einer Zuführeinrichtung 2, beispielsweise einem Transportband ausgebreitet und über dessen gesamte Breite verteilt. Der Materialstrom besteht aus stückigen Teilen, die gut rieselfähig sind. Bei Glas sollte die Scherbengröße möglichst gleichmäßig sein. An die Zuführeinrichtung 2 schließt sich eine Rutsche 3 an, auf der der Materialstrom 1 aufgrund der Fallbeschleunigung in die Länge gezogen wird. Ein Teil der Rutsche 3 besteht aus Glas 4 oder keramischem Material, wobei, wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, die Glasplatte 4 auch getrennt von der Rutsche 3 angeordnet sein kann.In the present embodiment, metallic contaminants are removed from a stream of plastic or glass material. 1, the material stream 1 to be examined is spread uniformly on a
Im Bereich der Glasplatte 4 ist eine Sensoranordnung 5 vorgesehen, die aus mehreren Sensoren besteht, wobei die Sensoren sich über die gesamte Breite des Materialstroms 1 erstrecken. Die Ausgangssignale der Sensoranordnung werden an eine Steuereinheit 6 weitergeleitet, die abhängig vom Signalzustand die Magnetventile 7 ansteuert. Die Ventile 7 sind mit einem Luftspeicher und -verteiler 8 verbunden und betätigen Blasdüsen 9, die quer zum Materialstrom 1 in dessen Fallinie angeordnet sind. Meldet eines der Ausgangssignale der Sensoren der Sensoranordnung 5 an die Steuereinheit 6 eine Verunreinigung 10, so steuert sie das dem Sensor zugeordnete Ventil 7 an, das die zugeordnete Blasdüse 9 betätigt, wobei die Steuereinheit 6 selbstverständlich die Fallzeit der Verunreinigung 10 von der Erfassungsstelle zur Blasstelle berücksichtigt. Die Verunreinigung 10 wird,wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt, aus dem Materialstrom 1 ausgeblasen und fällt über einen Abweiser 11 in einen Behälter 12 für die Verunreinigungen, während der übrige Materialstrom, frei von Verunreinigungen von einer Auffangvorrichtung 13 aufgefangen und/oder weitergeleitet wird. Die Ausblasstelle wird von einer Schutzhaube 14 abgedeckt.In the area of the glass plate 4, a
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem metallische Verunreinigungen erkannt werden sollen, besteht die Sensoranordnung 5 aus einer Metalldetektoranordnung, wobei für eine gezielte Erkennung des Ortes der metallischen Verunreinigung viele kleine Metalldetektoren benötigt werden. Um eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung auszuschließen, muß das Gesamtsystem "einfrequent" sein. Deshalb wird mit einer sich über die gesamte Breite des Materialstroms 1 erstreckenden Senderschleife ein hochfrequentes magnetisches Feld erzeugt, das die in einem bestimmten Abstand von der Senderschleife entfernten Empfänger versorgt.In the exemplary embodiment shown, in which metallic contaminations are to be detected, the
In Fig. 2 ist ein Blockschaltbild der elektrischen Anordnung mit Metalldetektor und Steuereinheit 6 dargestellt. Ein Oszillator 20 mit Leistungsendstufe versorgt die Senderschleife 21 mit einer kontinuierlichen sinusförmigen Wechselspannung, deren Frequenz im Bereich von 1 kHz bis ca. 1 MHz liegen kann. Der Senderschleife 21 liegt ein Abgleichkondensator 22 parallel, die zusammen einen Schwingkreis bilden. Der Empfänger, d.h. der eigentliche Metalldetektor, besteht aus mehreren voneinander unabhängigen Spulen, wobei in der Zeichnung eine der Spulen 23 dargestellt ist. Die Spule 23 ist aus zwei gegeneinander geschalteten Wicklungen 24, 25 aufgebaut, die mit einem Differenzverstärker 26 verbunden sind. Dem Differenzverstärker 26 ist ein Gleichrichter 27, ein Tiefpaßfilter 28, ein Verstärker 29 und ein Komparator 30 nachgeschaltet. Das von der Senderschleife 21 erzeugte elektromagnetische Feld induziert in den Wicklungen 24, 25 der Spule 23 gleich große, aber durch die Verschaltung der Spulenwicklungen gegensinnige Wechselspannungen, so daß die Differenz im Normalzustand, d.h. ohne metallische Verunreinigung, gleich oder annähernd gleich Null ist. Das Differenzsignal wird im Differenzverstärker 26 verstärkt, im Gleichrichter 27 gleichgerichtet und gefiltert. Die Amplitude des Signals, das im Verstärker 29 noch verstärkt wird und ein Maß für die Größe des Metallteiles darstellt, wird mit einem Referenzwert verglichen, wobei dieser Vergleich in dem Komparator 30 durchgeführt wird, der, sobald die Amplitude des Signals den vorgegebenen Referenzwert überschreitet, ein digitales Schaltsignal erzeugt. Das digitale Schaltsignal wird an eine Ansteuereinheit 31 gegeben, die Bestandteil der Steuereinheit 6 ist und die Magnetventile 7 ansteuert.FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the electrical arrangement with metal detector and control unit 6. An
Über ein nicht dargestelltes Bedienteil lassen sich verschiedene Parameter einstellen, beispielsweise die Empfindlichkeit, die durch Änderung der Höhe der Referenzspannung 32, d.h. durch die Schaltschwelle des Komparators 30 gegeben ist. Ein anderer Parameter, der durch den Pfeil 33 dargestellt ist, ist die Zeit zwischen Erkennen eines Metallteils und seinem Ausblasen,und der Pfeil 34 gibt die Möglichkeit der Einstellung der Einschaltzeit der Blasventile 7 wieder.Various parameters can be set via a control unit (not shown), for example the sensitivity caused by changing the height the
Die Steuereinheit 6 weist vorzugsweise einen Mikroprozessor auf, der die Signale der einzelnen Spulen 23 in einer definierten Taktfrequenz abfragt und einliest. Nach der voreingestellten Verzögerungszeit werden die entsprechenden Magnetventile 7 ebenfalls für die bestimmte voreingestellte Blaszeit angesteuert. Das Programm überwacht ferner die Häufigkeit des Einschaltens eines Magnetvertils, um Störungen zu erkennen, die beispielsweise bei einem dauernden Einschalten eines Ventils gegeben sind. Die Ansteuerung der Ventile 7 durch den Mikroprozessor berücksichtigt die geometrischen Entfernungen zwischen Spule 23 und Ausblasdüsen 9, die durch die Verzögerungszeit kompensiert wird. Die Ansteuerung der Ventile 7 erfolgt um ihre Reaktionszeit früher.The control unit 6 preferably has a microprocessor which interrogates and reads in the signals of the
Um eine möglichst geringe Ausschußmenge bei jedem Blasimpuls, der durch ein Metallteil im Materialstrom 1 verursacht wird, zu erreichen, sind die Spulen 23 und die Ventile 7 in einer speziellen Art zugeordnet. Diese Zuordnung ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt. Jeder Spule 23 sind in der Fallinie, die durch den Pfeil 35 gekennzeichnet ist, zwei Ventile 7 zugeordnet, die wie folgt angesteuert werden:
Wenn die Spule A anspricht, werden die Ventile V1, V2 aktiviert, wenn die Spulen A und B ansprechen, werden die Ventile V2 und V3 aktiviert. Spricht die Spule B an, werden die Ventile V3 und V4 angesteuert und bei Ansprechen von Spulen B und C werden die Ventile V4 und V5 aktiviert; dies setzt sich in gleicher Weise fort. Mit dieser Ansteuerung ist gewährleistet, daß immer nur eine Spulenbreite, die zwei Ventilen entspricht, ausgeblasen wird. In den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel werden als Sensoren Metalldetektoren verwendet, da Metallteile aus dem Materialstrom entfernt werden sollen. Als Sensoren können aber auch optoelektronische Sensoren verwendet werden, die sowohl mineralische Verunreinigungen wie Ton oder Keramik als auch metallische Verunreinigungen feststellen. Die Auswertung und Ansteuerung erfolgt dann in analoger Weise.The
If coil A responds, valves V1, V2 are activated; if coils A and B respond, valves V2 and V3 are activated. If coil B responds, valves V3 and V4 are activated, and if coils B and C respond, valves V4 and V5 are activated; this continues in the same way. This control ensures that only one coil width, which corresponds to two valves, is blown out. In the exemplary embodiment described, metal detectors are used as sensors, since metal parts are to be removed from the material flow. However, optoelectronic sensors can also be used as sensors, which detect both mineral contaminants such as clay or ceramics and metallic contaminants. The evaluation and control then takes place in an analogous manner.
Claims (3)
- Device for recognising and separating metallic impurities in a stream (1) of synthetic or glass material, said device comprising a supplying means (2) for supplying lumpy material; a chute (3), and a plurality of sensors (5) for detecting said impurities, the sensors (5) and blast nozzles (9) controlled by said sensors being disposed underneath said chute (3) in a region, in which the stream (1) of lumpy material is falling freely, transversely to said stream (1) of material over the entire width of said stream (1) of material, characterised in that the sensors (5) which are constructed as metal detectors comprise a transmitting loop (21) giving an electromagnetic field of high frequency and extending over the width of said stream (1) of material and, as receiver, a plurality of coils (23) which are independent of one another and each of which consists of two windings (24, 25) connected in opposition.
- Device according to Claim 1,
characterised in that two blast nozzles (9) resp. valves (7; V1 to V8) are assigned to each sensor (5 to 21, 23; A, B, C, D), in which case, upon responding of two adjacent sensors, the respective adjacent ones of the four assigned blast nozzles resp. valves are driven. - Device according to Claims 1 and 2,
characterised in that the sensors are received in a ledge-shaped housing enclosing said chute (3), the enclosed portion of said chute (3) being made of glass (4) or ceramics.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3827024 | 1988-08-05 | ||
| DE3827024A DE3827024C2 (en) | 1988-08-05 | 1988-08-05 | Device for detecting and separating contaminants from a stream of plastic or glass material |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0353457A2 EP0353457A2 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| EP0353457A3 EP0353457A3 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
| EP0353457B1 true EP0353457B1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
Family
ID=6360519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89111738A Expired - Lifetime EP0353457B1 (en) | 1988-08-05 | 1989-06-28 | Device for recognizing and separating impurities from a stream of synthetic or glass material |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0353457B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3827024C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2060700T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006020496U1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2008-11-20 | Gurok, Oliver | Sensor device for detecting electromagnetically detectable items to be conveyed and sorting device with such a sensor device |
| DE102009008928A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-26 | Heinen-Köhl Tobacco GmbH | Method and device for cleaning bulk material |
| DE102009040923B3 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-05-05 | Müller, Matthias | Apparatus and method for producing a sausage slug |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017129A1 (en) * | 1990-05-28 | 1991-12-05 | Seichter Gmbh | Broken glass sorting appts. - has ejectors at points along sliding surfaces with colour and metal sensors for selective removal |
| AT395545B (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1993-01-25 | Binder Co Ag | SORTING DEVICE |
| USRE36537E (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 2000-02-01 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sorting materials using electromagnetic sensing |
| US5260576A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1993-11-09 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the separation of materials using penetrating electromagnetic radiation |
| DE4100346A1 (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-07-09 | Preussag Ag | Mechanical prepn. of unsorted scrap from electronic equipment - by four-stage sorting with intermediate electrical or magnetic sepn. of ferrous from non-ferrous metal parts |
| MX9201132A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-10-01 | Wellman Inc | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING PLASTIC ARTICLES |
| DE4200226A1 (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1993-07-15 | Josef Kamps | Machine for identifying colour differences of single fractions of bulk material - distributes bulk material simultaneously in to fractions and includes storage container for bulk material with dosing and distribution unit and plate conveyor. |
| EP0550944B1 (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1995-07-12 | Toyo Glass Company Limited | Apparatus for sorting opaque foreign article from among transparent bodies |
| AU654317B2 (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1994-11-03 | Toyo Glass Company Limited | Apparatus for sorting opaque foreign article from among transparent bodies |
| DE59309618D1 (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1999-07-08 | Merten Kg Pulsotronic | Device for separating metal particles |
| AT399400B (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1995-04-25 | Binder Co Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE PURITY OF PREPARED RECYCLED GLASS |
| DE4323391C2 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1996-03-14 | Bfi Entsorgungstech | Device for sorting out large objects from material mixtures and method using the device |
| DE4415959A1 (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1995-11-09 | Hergeth Hubert A | Separation of metal particles from fibres |
| AT400906B (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-04-25 | Binder Co Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE PURITY OF PREPARED RECYCLED GLASS |
| DE19531427C2 (en) * | 1995-08-27 | 2002-03-21 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | Method and device for optimizing the occupancy of a means of transport |
| DE19643382C2 (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1999-12-02 | S & S Metallsuchgeraete & Recy | Process and device for determining the degree of contamination of waste glass by random sampling |
| DE10003562A1 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-16 | Commodas Gmbh | Device and method for sorting out metallic fractions from a bulk material flow |
| DE10213115A1 (en) * | 2002-03-23 | 2003-10-16 | Lorenz Roatzsch | Detecting objects, especially metal objects, using individual pulse-induction probes to detect induction signals from objects and evaluating variations in induction signals emitted by object |
| EP1347311B1 (en) * | 2002-03-23 | 2012-02-08 | Lorenz Roatzsch | Method for detecting objects, particularly metal objects |
| EP1375017A1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-01-02 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Glass fragment recovering method |
| CN102416386B (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-09-18 | 山东博润工业技术股份有限公司 | Process and system for sorting coal by discharging coal gangue through dry method |
| FR3012438B1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-12-25 | Veolia Proprete | EJECTION CASE FOR EJECT OBJECTS BY AIRJET |
| CN112845138A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-28 | 广东中翔环保建材有限公司 | Glass sorting device and glass sorting method |
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| CA1126836A (en) * | 1978-12-25 | 1982-06-29 | Toshihiko Satake | Automatic control device for particle color discriminating apparatus |
| US4311241A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1982-01-19 | Lockwood Corporation | Method for separating clods and the like from potatoes |
| DE3002239A1 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-07-30 | Erkelenzer Maschinenfabrik Ferd.Clasen KG, 5140 Erkelenz | Sorting system for bulk loose material - has multi-channelled chute and free fall section ensuring adequate break-up of material |
| US4541530A (en) * | 1982-07-12 | 1985-09-17 | Magnetic Separation Systems, Inc. | Recovery of metallic concentrate from solid waste |
| FR2576008B1 (en) * | 1985-01-16 | 1992-01-31 | Bsn | DEVICE FOR OPTICAL SORTING OF GROISIL, TO OBTAIN CALCIN, AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING SUCH DEVICES |
| DE3618173A1 (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1987-12-03 | Mab Marlis Kellermann | GLASS SORTING SYSTEM |
| DE3790473C2 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1995-04-27 | De Beers Cons Mines Ltd | Separating method for diamonds |
| CH673789A5 (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1990-04-12 | Vetropack Ag |
-
1988
- 1988-08-05 DE DE3827024A patent/DE3827024C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-06-28 EP EP89111738A patent/EP0353457B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-28 DE DE58908307T patent/DE58908307D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-28 ES ES89111738T patent/ES2060700T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3581888A (en) * | 1968-12-31 | 1971-06-01 | Sphere Invest | Position memory system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202006020496U1 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2008-11-20 | Gurok, Oliver | Sensor device for detecting electromagnetically detectable items to be conveyed and sorting device with such a sensor device |
| DE102009008928A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-26 | Heinen-Köhl Tobacco GmbH | Method and device for cleaning bulk material |
| DE102009040923B3 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-05-05 | Müller, Matthias | Apparatus and method for producing a sausage slug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE58908307D1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
| DE3827024A1 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
| EP0353457A2 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
| EP0353457A3 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
| ES2060700T3 (en) | 1994-12-01 |
| DE3827024C2 (en) | 1995-01-19 |
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