EP0248281B1 - Glass-sorting arrangement - Google Patents

Glass-sorting arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0248281B1
EP0248281B1 EP87107387A EP87107387A EP0248281B1 EP 0248281 B1 EP0248281 B1 EP 0248281B1 EP 87107387 A EP87107387 A EP 87107387A EP 87107387 A EP87107387 A EP 87107387A EP 0248281 B1 EP0248281 B1 EP 0248281B1
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Prior art keywords
glass
light
slide
receiving device
batch
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EP87107387A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0248281A2 (en
EP0248281A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Klumparendt
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MAB Marlis Kellermann
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MAB Marlis Kellermann
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Priority to AT87107387T priority Critical patent/ATE56161T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/3416—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radiation transmissivity, e.g. for light, x-rays, particle radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the sorting device of a glass sorting system, which is used for separating non-glass or glass parts contaminated with non-glass residues, with a feeding device that feeds the batch of glass and a discharging device that leads away, between which, transverse to the transport direction of the batch of glass, one the sorting-controlling light transmitting and receiving device is arranged.
  • This waste glass arrives at the glass recycling company in the form of broken glass and bottles in a highly contaminated and interspersed state. Before it is used, it must therefore be freed from impurities and generally sorted according to the different types of glass and glass colors.
  • the invention relates to the removal of impurities from the glass or the separation of non-glass and glass parts with non-glass residues from the glass batch.
  • Ceramic and clay components in the waste glass batch have an extraordinarily disruptive effect, and are repeatedly found to a greater extent in such glass waste. This is because the consumer who brings the glass waste to the glass collection points mistakenly equates ceramics and pottery with glass and glassware. Impurities are also metal components, be it in the form of glued-on metal foils, remnants of screw closures or clip closures. On the other hand, in the case of such glass waste, paper labels or other easily flammable organic constituents are not stuck on for recycling.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which makes it possible to separate out the disruptive materials without removing too many usable glass components from the glass batch.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in that a slide is inserted between the feed device and the discharge device, at the end of which a flap which is pivoted downward and is controlled by the light transmitting and receiving device is arranged, and in that the wavelength of the light of the light Transmitting and receiving device is in a region of the infrared near the visible light.
  • a batch of glass is fed via a feed device (1) to a chute (2) on which it slides via a flap (3) to a discharge device (4) leading away.
  • the slide (2) is encompassed by a light transmitting and receiving device (5, 6).
  • a light transmitting and receiving device 5, 6
  • the slide (2) has a transparent part (7) which is irradiated by light from the light transmitting and receiving device (5, 6).
  • the light receiving part consists of a plurality of light converters (8), which are arranged side by side and one behind the other in such a way that the components of the batch of glass sliding below or above are detected with certainty.
  • the batch of glass brought in via the feed device (1) occasionally slides on the slide (2) in the direction of the discharge device (4) and passes through the light-transmitting and receiving device (5, 6). If there is non-glass under the supplied glass batch, the flap (3) is suddenly opened with a delay time corresponding to the sliding speed of the glass batch, for example by an electromagnet, so that this non-glass component falls into a waste container (9) or can be forwarded again. Glass parts, on the other hand, slide on the slide (2) over the flap (3) and reach the discharge device (4) leading away for further use.

Abstract

A glass sorting apparatus for the removal of non-glass components from a mixture includes a slide on which the parts are moved in a discrete fashion such that they can be individually identified when moving over a slide window through which light is passed and the slide has a gate arranged downstream of the window which gate is momentarily opened when a non-glass part is identified by the light such that the non-glass part is discharged through the gate so as to be separated from the mixture.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Aussonderungseinrichtung einer Glas-Sortieranlage, die zum Aussondern von Nicht-Glas oder von mit Nicht-Glas-Resten behafteten Glasteilen dient, mit einer das Glasgemenge zuführenden Zuführeinrichtung und einer wegführenden Abführeinrichtung, zwischen denen, quer zur Transportrichtung des Glasgemenges, eine die Aussonderung steuernde Licht-Sende-und -Empfangsvorrichtung angeordnet ist.The invention relates to the sorting device of a glass sorting system, which is used for separating non-glass or glass parts contaminated with non-glass residues, with a feeding device that feeds the batch of glass and a discharging device that leads away, between which, transverse to the transport direction of the batch of glass, one the sorting-controlling light transmitting and receiving device is arranged.

Im Zuge des steigenden Umweltbewußtseins, wie auch der Energieeinsparung, ist man allgemein bestrebt, gebrauchte Materialien wieder aufzuarbeiten. Dies ist auch bei Glas der Fall, das einen wertvollen Abfallstoff darstellt, In den zu seiner Herstellung schon verhältnismäßig viel Energie aufgewandt wurde. Glas und Glasabfälle werden daher bereits in größerem Maße gesammelt, um es einer Wiederverwertung zuführen zu können.In the course of increasing environmental awareness, as well as energy saving, efforts are generally being made to recycle used materials. This is also the case with glass, which is a valuable waste material, in which a relatively large amount of energy has already been used to manufacture it. Glass and glass waste are therefore already being collected to a large extent so that they can be recycled.

Dieses Altglas trifft in Form von Scherben und Flaschen in stark verunreinigtem und mit anderen Materialien durchsetzten Zustand beim Glasverwerter ein. Es muß daher, vor seiner Verwertung, von den Verunreinigungen befreit und im allgemeinen auch nach den verschiedenen Glassorten und Glasfarben sortiert werden. Die Erfindung betrifft die Entfernung von Verunreinigungen aus dem Glas beziehungsweise das Aussondern von Nicht-Glas und mit Nicht-Glas-Resten behafteten Glasteilen aus dem Glasgemenge.This waste glass arrives at the glass recycling company in the form of broken glass and bottles in a highly contaminated and interspersed state. Before it is used, it must therefore be freed from impurities and generally sorted according to the different types of glass and glass colors. The invention relates to the removal of impurities from the glass or the separation of non-glass and glass parts with non-glass residues from the glass batch.

Außerordentlich störend wirken sich Keramik-und Tonanteile bei dem Altglasgemenge aus, die sich auch immer wieder in größerem Maße in solchen Glasabfällen befinden. Dies rührt daher, weil vom Verbraucher, der die Glasabfälle zu den Glas-Sammelstellen bringt, irrtümlicherweise Keramik und Tonwaren gleichgestellt werden mit Glas und Glaswaren. Verunreinigungen sind aber auch Metallanteile, sei es nun in Form von aufgeklebten Metallfolien, von Überresten von Schraubverschlüssen oder auch von Bügelverschlüssen. Andererseits finden sich bei derartigen Glasabfällen für die Wiederverwertung nicht störend aufgeklebte Papieretiketten oder sonstige leicht brennbare organische Bestandteile.Ceramic and clay components in the waste glass batch have an extraordinarily disruptive effect, and are repeatedly found to a greater extent in such glass waste. This is because the consumer who brings the glass waste to the glass collection points mistakenly equates ceramics and pottery with glass and glassware. Impurities are also metal components, be it in the form of glued-on metal foils, remnants of screw closures or clip closures. On the other hand, in the case of such glass waste, paper labels or other easily flammable organic constituents are not stuck on for recycling.

Um diese störenden Materialien aus dem Glasgemenge zu entfernen, war bisher nur die Möglichkeit gegeben, das über ein Förderband herangeführte Gemenge manuell zu sortieren beziehungsweise die störenden Materialien auszusondern. Zwar wurden Versuche zum maschinellen Sortieren des Glasgemenges durchgeführt, jedoch führten diese Versuche nicht zum Erfolg. Dies einerseits, weil es nicht gelang, die störenden Bestandteile gezielt aus dem Glasgemenge zu entfernen und andererseits, weil die eingesetzten Sensoren nur bedingt fähig waren, Nicht-Glas von Glasbestandteilen zu unterscheiden.In order to remove these interfering materials from the glass batch, it was previously only possible to manually sort the batch that was brought in via a conveyor belt or to separate the interfering materials. Attempts to machine the glass batch have been carried out, but these attempts have not been successful. This is on the one hand because it was not possible to remove the disruptive components from the glass batch and on the other hand because the sensors used were only able to distinguish non-glass from glass components to a limited extent.

Zum Erkennen von Glas beziehungsweise von Nicht-Glas bietet sich das Durchleuchten der Materialien an, da sämtliche störenden Materialien undurchsichtig sind. Zu bedenken ist allerdings, daß auch mit Papier beklebtes Glas nicht mehr durchsichtig ist, also auch ausgeschieden wird, obwohl es, wie oben angeführt, die Glasverwertung nicht stört. Gerade aber mit Papieretiketten etc. beklebte Gläser bilden einen Großteil des Glasgemenges, so daß beim Versuch dieser maschinellen Aussonderung viel zu viel Glas zusammen mit den tatsächlichen Verunreinigungen ausgeschieden wurde.In order to recognize glass or non-glass, it is advisable to examine the materials, since all the disruptive materials are opaque. It should be borne in mind, however, that glass stuck to paper is no longer transparent, so it is also eliminated, although, as mentioned above, it does not interfere with glass recycling. Glasses glued with paper labels etc. form a large part of the glass batch, so that when attempting this mechanical separation, far too much glass was removed together with the actual impurities.

Bekannte derartige Einrichtungen sind beispielsweise beschrieben in der US-A 3 802 558, in der WO 85/00 123, in der US-A 3 179 247, in der DE-A 2 952 411 und in der FR-A 2 576 008. So ist bei der US-A 3 802 558 eine zuführende Zuführeinrichtung und eine wegführende Abführeinrichtung sowie zwischen diesen beiden Einrichtungen eine quer zur Transportrichtung des Glasgemenges angeordnete, eine Aussonderunasvornehtung steuernde Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrlchtung angeordnet. Die im freien Fall an der Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung vorbeigeführten zu sortierenden Teile werden durch Ejektordüsen ausgesondert. Bei der Einrichtung nach der WO 85/00 123 werden hingegen die auszusortierenden Teile über eine Rutsche geführt, an deren Ende eine nach unten wegschwenkbare Klappe angeordnet ist, die durch die Prüfeinrichtung gesteuert wird. Als Kombination dieser beiden vorveröffentlichten Einrichtungen könnte die US-A 3 179 247 angesehen werden, bei der ebenfalls die zu trennenden Teile über eine Rutsche geleitet, jedoch mittels Ejektordüsen aussortiert werden. Schließlich gibt die DE-A 2 952 411 auch noch statt der wegschwenkbaren Klappe eine wegschwenkbare Rutsche als Sortierelement an.Known devices of this type are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,802,558, in WO 85/00 123, in US Pat. No. 3,179,247, in DE-A 2,952,411 and in FR-A 2,576,008. In US-A 3 802 558 there is a supplying feed device and a leading discharge device and between these two devices a light transmission and reception device which is arranged transversely to the transport direction of the glass batch and controls a special precaution. The parts to be sorted, which are guided past the light-transmitting and receiving device in free fall, are separated out by ejector nozzles. In the device according to WO 85/00 123, on the other hand, the parts to be sorted out are guided over a slide, at the end of which a flap that can be swung downward is arranged and is controlled by the test device. A combination of these two previously published devices could be seen in US Pat. No. 3,179,247, in which the parts to be separated are likewise passed over a slide, but are sorted out by means of ejector nozzles. Finally, DE-A 2 952 411 also specifies a swing-away slide as a sorting element instead of the swing-away flap.

Ein Zwischending zwischen einer wegschwenkbaren Klappe und einer wegschwenkbaren Rutsche wird sodann noch in der FR-A 2 576 008 beschrieben. Allen diesen Vorrichtungen hängt jedoch der Nachteil an, daß viel zu viel Glas zusammen mit den tatsächlichen Verunreinigungen ausgeschieden wird.An intermediate thing between a flap that can be swung away and a chute that can be swung away is then described in FR-A 2 576 008. However, all of these devices have the disadvantage that far too much glass is excreted together with the actual impurities.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Einrichtung anzugeben, die es ermöglicht, die störenden Materialien auszusondern, ohne allzu viele brauchbare Glasbestandteile dem Glasgemenge zu entnehmen. Erreicht wird dies nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß zwischen die Zuführeinrichtung und die Abführeinrichtung eine Rutsche eingefügt ist, an deren Ende eine nach unten wegschwenkbare, durch die Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung gesteuerte Klappe angeordnet ist und daß die Wellenlänge des Lichts der Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung in einem dem sichtbaren Licht nahen Bereich des Infrarot liegt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which makes it possible to separate out the disruptive materials without removing too many usable glass components from the glass batch. This is achieved according to the invention in that a slide is inserted between the feed device and the discharge device, at the end of which a flap which is pivoted downward and is controlled by the light transmitting and receiving device is arranged, and in that the wavelength of the light of the light Transmitting and receiving device is in a region of the infrared near the visible light.

Das Verdienst des Erfinders ist es erkannt zu haben, daß durch die Wahl einer bestimmten Wellenlänge die oben gestellte Aufgabe gelöst werden kann. Bei den bisher bekannt gewordenen Aussonderungseinrichtungen wurde ausnahmslos sichtbares Licht, also im Bereich zwischen 380 nm und 780 nm eingesetzt, da dieses für das menschliche Auge sichtbare Licht am besten geeignet erschien, durchsichtige beziehungsweise transparente Glasanteile von nicht durchsichtigen Teilen, die damit als "Nicht-Glas" definiert wurden, zu unterscheiden. Gerade aber für das übliche Altglas empfiehlt sich die durch die Erfindung angegebene Wellenlänge, die im nahen Infrarot liegt, da diese Wellenlänge wohl aufgeklebte Papieretiketten, nicht aber Metallanteile durchdringt. Dadurch passieren sowohl reine wie auch mit Papier beklebte Glasanteile die Aussonderungseinrichtung nach der Erfindung, nicht aber mit Metall behaftete Glasanteile oder sonstige Nicht-Glas-Anteile. Besonders gute Ergebnisse lassen sich unter Verwendung von Laserlicht erzielen, insbesondere dann, wenn die Lichtempfangsvorrichtung aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Lichtwandlern gebildet ist und das Laserlicht durch Glasfasern über diese Lichtwandler geführt wird. Zu bedenken ist bei der Verwendung von Laserlicht allerdings, daß dann umfangreiche Sicherheitsvorkehrungen notwendig sind, die unter Umständen den Betrieb einer solchen Anlage unwirtschaftlich werden lassen. Als Lichtwandler kommen sowohl Fotozellen, Fotoelemente, Fotodioden wie auch Fotowiderstände in Frage, jeweils für den angegebenen Frequenzbereich.It is to the credit of the inventor to have recognized that the task set above can be achieved by choosing a specific wavelength. In the sorting devices which have become known so far, only visible light, that is in the range between 380 nm and 780 nm, was used, since this light which was visible to the human eye appeared to be the most suitable, transparent or transparent glass parts of non-transparent parts, which are thus classified as "non- Glass "were differentiated. However, the wavelength specified by the invention, which is in the near infrared, is recommended especially for the conventional waste glass, since this wavelength is probably up sticked paper labels, but not penetrates metal parts. As a result, both pure and paper-glued glass parts pass through the separating device according to the invention, but not glass parts with metal or other non-glass parts. Particularly good results can be achieved using laser light, in particular when the light receiving device is formed from a plurality of light converters arranged next to one another and the laser light is guided through glass fibers via these light converters. When using laser light, however, it should be borne in mind that extensive safety precautions are then necessary, which may make the operation of such a system uneconomical. Both photo cells, photo elements, photo diodes and photo resistors can be used as light converters, each for the specified frequency range.

Um eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Lichtwandler zu vermeiden, werden sie zweckmäßigeweise im Grund von lichtabschattenden Röhren angeordnet. Tatsächlich haben mit einer derartigen Einrichtung durchgeführte Versuche gezeigt, daß es mit ihr möglich ist, sehr exakt und mit lediglich geringen Glasanteilen Nicht-Glas aus einem Glasgemenge zu trennen, so daß das so sortierte Glas unschwer einer Wiederverwertung zugeführt werden kann.In order to avoid mutual interference between the light converters, they are expediently arranged in the base of light-shading tubes. In fact, tests carried out with such a device have shown that it is possible with it to separate non-glass from a glass batch very precisely and with only small glass fractions, so that the glass sorted in this way can be easily recycled.

Auf der Zeichnung ist schematisch eine derartige Aussonderungseinrichtung dargestellt und zwar zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Anordnungsskizze und
  • Fig. 2 die Draufsicht auf eine Lichtempfangsvorrichtung.
Such a sorting device is shown schematically in the drawing and shows:
  • Fig. 1 is an arrangement sketch and
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a light receiving device.

Über eine Zuführvorrichtung (1) wird Glasgemenge einer Rutsche (2) zugeleitet, auf der es über eine Klappe (3) zu einer wegführenden Abführeinrichtung (4) rutscht. Umfangen wird die Rutsche (2) von einer Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung (5, 6). Um einer Verfälschung der Aussage vorzubeugen, kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Licht-Sendevorrichtung unterhalb der Rutsche (2) und die Licht-Empfangsvorrichtung oberhalb von ihr anzuordnen. Die Rutsche (2) weist einen durchsichtigen Teil (7) auf, der von Licht der Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung (5, 6) durchstrahlt wird. Der Licht-Empfangsteil besteht, wie Fig. 2 zeigt, aus einer Mehrzahl von Lichtwandlern (8), die so neben-und hintereinander angeordnet sind, daß mit Sicherheit die unter- beziehungsweise oberhalb vorbeirutschenden Bestandteile des Glasgemenges erfaßt werden.A batch of glass is fed via a feed device (1) to a chute (2) on which it slides via a flap (3) to a discharge device (4) leading away. The slide (2) is encompassed by a light transmitting and receiving device (5, 6). To prevent the statement from being falsified, it may be expedient to arrange the light-emitting device below the slide (2) and the light-receiving device above it. The slide (2) has a transparent part (7) which is irradiated by light from the light transmitting and receiving device (5, 6). As shown in FIG. 2, the light receiving part consists of a plurality of light converters (8), which are arranged side by side and one behind the other in such a way that the components of the batch of glass sliding below or above are detected with certainty.

Das über die Zuführeinrichtung (1) herangeführte Glasgemenge rutscht auf der Rutsche (2) vereinzelt in Richtung auf die Abführeinrichtung (4) und passiert hierbei die Licht-Sende- und -Empfangsvorrichtung (5, 6). Befindet sich Nicht-Glas unter dem zugeführten Glasgemenge, so wird mit einer der Rutschgeschwindigkeit des Glasgemenges entsprechenden Verzögerungszeit schlagartig die Klappe (3), beispielsweise durch einen Elektromagneten, geöffnet, so daß dieser Nicht-Glas-Bestandteil in einen Abfallbehälter (9) fallen oder einer nochmaligen Sortierung zugeleitet werden kann. Glasanteile hingegen rutschen auf der Rutsche (2) über die Klappe (3) hinweg und gelangen in die wegführende Abführeinrichtung (4) zur weiteren Verwendung.The batch of glass brought in via the feed device (1) occasionally slides on the slide (2) in the direction of the discharge device (4) and passes through the light-transmitting and receiving device (5, 6). If there is non-glass under the supplied glass batch, the flap (3) is suddenly opened with a delay time corresponding to the sliding speed of the glass batch, for example by an electromagnet, so that this non-glass component falls into a waste container (9) or can be forwarded again. Glass parts, on the other hand, slide on the slide (2) over the flap (3) and reach the discharge device (4) leading away for further use.

Claims (4)

1. A separator of a glass-sorting arrangement which serves for the separation of non-glass or pieces of glass loaded with non-glass remainders, the separator comprising a feeding device for feeding the glass material and a discharge device for removal, between which is situated, transversely to the direction of transport of the glass material, 'a light emitting and receiving device controlling the separation, characterised in that a chute (2) is situated between the feeding device (1) and the discharge device (4), a downwardly swingable flap (3) controlled by the light emitting and receiving device (5, 6) being provided at the end of the chute, and that the wavelength of the light of the light emitting and receiving device lies in a region of infrared light close to visible light.
2. A separator according to claim 1, characterised in that laser light is used as a source of light.
3. A separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that glass fibres are provided for the guiding of the light of the light emitting device.
4. A separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the light transducers are situated at the bottom of light screening tubes.
EP87107387A 1986-05-30 1987-05-21 Glass-sorting arrangement Expired - Lifetime EP0248281B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87107387T ATE56161T1 (en) 1986-05-30 1987-05-21 GLASS SORTING PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863618173 DE3618173A1 (en) 1986-05-30 1986-05-30 GLASS SORTING SYSTEM
DE3618173 1986-05-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0248281A2 EP0248281A2 (en) 1987-12-09
EP0248281A3 EP0248281A3 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0248281B1 true EP0248281B1 (en) 1990-09-05

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EP87107387A Expired - Lifetime EP0248281B1 (en) 1986-05-30 1987-05-21 Glass-sorting arrangement

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US (1) US4765484A (en)
EP (1) EP0248281B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE56161T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3618173A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2018200B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3001156T3 (en)

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DE2952411B1 (en) * 1979-12-27 1981-05-27 Erkelenzer Maschinenfabrik Ferd.Clasen KG, 5140 Erkelenz Device for the separate collection of broken glass of different colors
WO1985000123A1 (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Cochlea Corporation System to measure geometric and electromagnetic characteristics of objects
WO1988000501A1 (en) * 1985-01-16 1988-01-28 Bsn Device for optically sorting cullet, or a mass of recovered glass elements having been subjected to a crushing operation and comprising infusible or refractory elements, and plant comprising such devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0248281A2 (en) 1987-12-09
EP0248281A3 (en) 1988-07-27
DE3618173A1 (en) 1987-12-03
ATE56161T1 (en) 1990-09-15
GR3001156T3 (en) 1992-06-30
ES2018200B3 (en) 1991-04-01
DE3764714D1 (en) 1990-10-11
US4765484A (en) 1988-08-23

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