EP0353231B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieden einer laufrollenfelge aus einem stück - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieden einer laufrollenfelge aus einem stück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353231B1
EP0353231B1 EP19880902665 EP88902665A EP0353231B1 EP 0353231 B1 EP0353231 B1 EP 0353231B1 EP 19880902665 EP19880902665 EP 19880902665 EP 88902665 A EP88902665 A EP 88902665A EP 0353231 B1 EP0353231 B1 EP 0353231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shells
cavity
frame
punch
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880902665
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0353231A4 (de
EP0353231A1 (de
Inventor
René Vincent Hyacinthe GARCIA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Inc filed Critical Caterpillar Inc
Publication of EP0353231A4 publication Critical patent/EP0353231A4/de
Publication of EP0353231A1 publication Critical patent/EP0353231A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0353231B1 publication Critical patent/EP0353231B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B21J13/025—Dies with parts moving along auxiliary lateral directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K23/00—Making other articles
    • B21K23/04—Making other articles flanged articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the forging of a hollow metal part, more particularly of a track roller rim for a track-type vehicle.
  • the track roller rims of track-type vehicles generally consist of two complementary parts welded coaxially to each other.
  • the present process used to produce the two piece track rollers is time consuming and costly. In fact, it requires that the ends of the parts to be attached to each other be machined prior to welding. Also, it necessitates considerable precaution to ensure a suitable alignment of the parts to be butt-welded to avoid the production of defective rollers.
  • JP-A-5841643 discloses a method and an apparatus for forging a roller.
  • metallic molds are used which define, when closed, a cavity having one end closed by a lower punch. The molds can be locked into the closed position.
  • An upper cylindrical punch is provided to force the material of a metal blank located in the cavity against the inner surface of the cavity. To remove the forged roller from the cavity the cylindrical upper punch is removed and the molds are moved apart.
  • the present invention aims at overcoming the various drawbacks discussed above, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process and apparatus for the forging of a hollow metal part, more particularly a one piece track roller rim for a track-type vehicle, which process is set forth in claim 1.
  • the invention provides for the following steps: placing a hot metal billet on a supporting block; closing a die having two complementary half-shells which, when brought together in a closed position, define forging cavity having a lower end closed by the supporting block, an open upper end, and an inner shape of which corresponds to the outer surface of the part to be produced; moving a hoop around the two half-shells so as to interlock them; moving a cylindrical punch into the forging cavity to form in the billet an axial opening with a bottom portion above the lower end of the extrusion cavity and to force the material of the billet against the inner surface of said extrusion cavity; removing the cylindrical punch from the extruded part; unlocking the two half-shells; moving the two half-shells apart; removing the extruded part resting on the supporting block; and punching out the bottom portion of the axial cavity in the extruded part.
  • the track rollers and/or other hollow parts can now be produced from a single billet using a single die, thereby reducing the fabrication costs, improving the production rates and making the work easier for the personnel.
  • the two half-shells are brought together and are moved apart by being moved in opposite directions along a horizontal straight path; and the hoop that locks the two half-shells closed is removed therefrom by being moved vertically.
  • the hoop may be advantageously disposed around the two half-shells while the punch is being lowered, and removed therefrom while said punch is being raised.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus as set forth in claim 5. Further, said apparatus comprises: a supporting block; a die having at least two complementary shells disposed on either side of the supporting block and movable in opposite directions from an open position, in which they are spaced apart, to a closed position in which they engage each other, said shells when in their closed position defining a cavity having one end closed by the supporting block, an open opposite end, and an inner shape which corresponds to the outer surface of the part to be produced; control means for moving the two half-shells in opposite directions along a straight path; a frame movable toward the supporting block from an inoperative position to a fully extended position; a hoop supported from the frame and so shaped as to surround the two half-shells in their closed position to lock them in the closed position when the frame is in an intermediate locking position between its extreme positions; a cylindrical punch mounted on the frame so as to project into the forging cavity when the frame is between its intermediate locking position and its fully extended position; and means for moving the frame between its inoperative and fully
  • a cylindrical supporting block 1 is shown resting on a horizontal baseplate 2 which is integral with a fixed frame 3.
  • a die 4 consists of two complementary half-shells 4a, 4b which are disposed on either side of the supporting block 1.
  • Control means 5a, 5b are provided to move the half-shells 4a, 4b in opposite directions from an open position (as shown by Figures 1 and 7) in which they are apart to a closed position (as shown by Figures 2 to 6 and 8) in which they engage each other and enclose the supporting block 1.
  • a frame 6 is movable vertically above said supporting block from an uppermost position (as shown by Figures 1, 2, 6 and 7).
  • a rigid hoop 7 extending below the frame 6 is configured for closely surrounding the two half-shells 4a, 4b in their closed position, for solidly locking them in the closed position when the frame 6 is in an intermediate position as shown in Figures 3 to 5.
  • a cylindrical punch 8 provided in the lower end of a column 9 projects vertically from the lower face of the frame 6.
  • Means 10 is provided to move the frame 6 between its uppermost and lowermost positions, such means being for example hydraulic jacks.
  • the half-shells 4a, 4b are movable in opposite directions between two straight guiding rails 11 (as shown on Figures 8 and 9) which are secured by means of screws 12 to the frame 3, on either side of the supporting block 1.
  • the half-shells are respectively formed with two side brackets 13a, 13b projecting under the guiding rails 11 which keep the half-shells on the frame 3.
  • the brackets are perpendicular to the half-shells on the frame 3.
  • the brackets are perpendicular to the half-shells as is shown in Figure 8.
  • the half-shells 4a, 4b In their closed position, the half-shells 4a, 4b have outer surfaces 22a,22b in the form of a truncated cone and defining inner surfaces forming and/or forging cavity 14 having its lower end closed by the supporting block 1 and its upper end in communication with a cylindrical prechamber 15 which is open at its upper portion.
  • the forming cavity 14 and prechamber 15 extend coaxially with the punch 8, the inner surfaces of forming cavity 14 further having shape corresponding to the outer surface of the part to be produced.
  • the control means 5a, 5b consist of two coaxial jacks having their cylinders 16a, 16b attached to the frame 3 and their piston rods 17a, 17b connected to the half-shells 4a, 4b.
  • said jacks are equidistant from the guiding rails 11 and extend perpendicular to engage surfaces 18a, 18b of the half-shells.
  • the hoop 7 is fastened to the lower end of vertical rods 19 slidably mounted on the frame 6.
  • Such rods of which only one is visible in the drawings, are distributed uniformly along the side wall of an imaginably cylinder, the axis of which is coincident with the axis of the hoop.
  • the rods 19 are loosely secured to frame 6 by nuts 20 that are screwed on to their upper ends.
  • the inner surface 21 of the hoop 7 has a truncated shape corresponding to the truncated cone shape provided by the outer surfaces 22a, 22b of the half-shells 4 a, 4b, when the half-shells are in their closed position.
  • the punch 8 in turn, is formed at its upper end with a cylindrically enlarged portion 23 which cooperates with the side surface of the prechamber 15 when the half-shells 4a,4b are in their closed positions to close the upper end of the forming cavity 14 when the frame 6 is in its lowermost position.
  • Resilient members 24 are further interposed between the frame 6 and the hoop 7 so as to be compressed when the frame is between its intermediate locking position and its lowermost position.
  • the resilient members 24 are formed by Belleville spring washers disposed in vertical tubes 25, 26 which are mounted in a telescopic manner between the hoop 7 and the frame 6.
  • the telescopic tubes 25, 26 of which only one set is represented in the drawings are angularly equidistant from one another as well as from the rods 19 supporting the hoop.
  • a cylindrical steel billet 27 is placed on the supporting block 1, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the billet used is slightly larger in volume than the volume of the track roller rim to be produced. It is heated to a temperature in the order of 1200 o C.
  • the jacks 5a, 5b are then actuated to move the half-shells 4a, 4b into engagement with each other, as illustrated on Figure 2.
  • the billet 27 then extends into the forming cavity 14 and is slightly projecting into the prechamber 15.
  • control means 10 is actuated to lower the frame 6. While the latter is moving from its uppermost position to its intermediate locking position as shown on Figure 3, the hoop 7 moves down around the half-shells 4a, 4b until its inner surface 21 comes into intimate contact with the outer surfaces 22a, 22b thereof solidly locking the half-shells into their engaged position.
  • the punch 8 moves into the prechamber 15 at this time.
  • the Belleville spring washers 24 compress, maintaining the locking of the half-shells 4a, 4b by applying pressure on the hoop 7.
  • the punch 8 penetrates into the billet 27 forcing the metal outwardly against the inner surface of the forming cavity 14 as frame 6 continues to move downward.
  • the frame 6 reaches its lowermost position as shown in Figure 4, the punch 8 will have formed an axial opening 29 with a relatively thin bottom portion 30 in the billet 27.
  • the enlarged portion 23 is obstructing the upper end of the extrusion cavity 14 when the punch reaches this position.
  • the material of the billet is rearranged, taking the shape of the inner surface of the forming cavity 14 while forming the axial opening 29.
  • the means 10 is now actuated reversibly so as to raise the frame 6. While the latter is moving away from its fully extended position, the punch 8 moves out of the cavity 29 of the forged part 31 made from the billet 27. It moves to the position represented in Figure 5, without the hoop 7 being driven upwardly. It should be noted here that the upward movement of the punch 8 from the cavity 29 is assisted by the Belleville spring washers 24.
  • the jacks 5a, 5b are actuated to bring the half-shells 4a, 4b to their open position as shown in Figure 7 and thus allows removal of the extruded part 31 from the extrusion cavity 14.
  • the extruded part 31 is finally transferred to a punching station to cut out the bottom portion 30 of the cavity 29 in a well known manner.
  • the track roller needs only to be submitted to a conventional finish machining operation.

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Schmieden einer einstückigen Laufrollenfelge aus einem Materialrohling, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    Plazieren des Rohlings (27) gegen einen Tragblock (1);
    Schließen einer Form (4), die zumindest zwei komplementäre Schalen (4a, 4b) besitzt, die, wenn sie geschlossen sind, einen Hohlraum (14) und eine zylindrische Vorkammer (15), die sich in den Hohlraum erstreckt, definieren, wobei der Hohlraum folgendes besitzt: ein durch den Tragblock (1) geschlossenes Ende, ein gegenüberliegendes, offenes Ende auf der Seite der Vorkammer, und eine Innenoberfläche mit einer Form, die der Außenoberfläche der Laufrollenfelge entspricht, die in dem Hohlraum geformt werden soll;
    Verriegeln der Schalen (4a, 4b) in ihrer geschlossenen Position;
    Bewegen eines zylindrischen Stempels (8) in den Hohlraum (14) um eine axiale Öffnung (29) in dem Rohling (27) zu bilden und das Material zwangsweise gegen eine Innenoberfläche des Hohlraums zu drücken und die Laufrollenfelge zu formen, wobei der Stempel (8) an einem Ende einen zylindrischen, vergrößerten Teil (23) besitzt, der mit der Seitenoberfläche der Vorkammer (15) zusammenwirkt, um das offene Ende des Extrudierhohlraums (14) zu schließen, wenn ein Rahmen (6), der den Stempel (8) trägt, in seiner niedrigsten Position ist;
    Entfernen des zylindrischen Stempels (8) aus der axialen Öffnung (29);
    Entriegeln der Schalen (4a, 4b);
    Auseinanderbewegen der Schalen (4a, 4b); und
    Entfernen der geformten Laufrollenfelge (31).
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Schließen und Öffnen der Schalen (4a, 4b) dadurch erfolgt, daß sie in entgegengesetzte Richtungen entlang eines geraden Pfads bewegt werden.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Ring bzw. Reifen (7), der die Schalen (4a, 4b) im geschlossenen Zustand verriegelt, in einem geraden Pfad in einen und aus einem umgebenden Eingriff mit den Schalen bewegt wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 3, wobei der Ring bzw. Reifen (7) die beiden Halbschalen (4a, 4b) umgibt und sie in ihrer geschlossenen Position verriegelt, während der Stempel (8) in den Hohlraum bewegt wird, und wobei der Ring bzw. Reifen (7) entfernt wird, während der Stempel aus dem Hohlraum herausbewegt wird.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Formen eines einstückigen, hohlen Teils aus einem Materialrohling, wobei die Vorrichtung folgendes aufweist:
    einen Tragblock (1);
    eine Form (4) mit zumindest zwei komplementären Schalen (4a, 4b) benachbart zu dem Tragblock (1), die zwischen einer offenen Position, in der sie voneinander beabstandet sind, und einer geschlossenen Position, in der sie miteinander in Eingriff stehen, bewegbar sind, wobei die Schalen in ihrer geschlossenen Position einen Hohlraum (14) definieren, der ein durch den Tragblock (1) geschlossenes Ende, ein gegenüberliegendes, offendes Ende und eine Innenoberfläche mit einer Form besitzt, die der Außenoberfläche des zu formenden Teils entspricht;
    Steuermittel (5a, 5b) zum Bewegen der Schalen (4a, 4b) zwischen den Positionen entlang eines geraden Pfads;
    einen Rahmen (6), der angebracht ist für eine Bewegung bezüglich des Tragblocks (1) und in eine Richtung allgemein senkrecht zu dem Pfad aus einer nichtbetätigten Position zu einer bewegten Position;
    einen starren Ring bzw. Reifen (7), der auf dem Rahmen (6) getragen ist und so ausgestaltet ist, daß er die Schalen (4a, 4b) in ihrer geschlossenen Position umgibt und sie in der geschlossenen Position verriegelt, wenn der Rahmen (6) in einer Verriegelungsposition zwischen seiner nichtbetätigten und seiner bewegten Position ist;
    einen zylindrischen Stempel (8), der auf dem Rahmen (6) angebracht ist zum fortschreitenden Hineinragen in den Hohlraum (14), wenn der Rahmen (6) sich aus seiner Verriegelungszwischenposition in seine bewegte Position bewegt;
    Mittel (10) zum Bewegen des Rahmens (6) zwischen seinen besagten Positionen; und wobei der Hohlraum (14) erweitert ist durch eine zylindrische Vorkammer (15), die durch die Schalen im geschlossenen Zustand definiert wird, wobei der Stempel (8) an einem Ende mit einem zylindrischen, vergrößerten Teil (23) ausgebildet bzw. ausgeformt ist, der mit der Seitenoberfläche der Vorkammer (15) zusammenwirkt, um das offene Ende des Hohlraums (14) zu schließen, wenn der Rahmen (6) in seiner niedrigsten Position ist.
  6. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Schalen (4a, 4b) gleitbar in parallelen Führungsschienen (11) angebracht sind.
  7. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Steuermittel (5a, 5b) der Schalen (4a, 4b) aus zwei koaxialen Hubzylindern bestehen.
  8. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Außenoberflächen (22a, 22b) der Schalen (4a, 4b) und die Innenoberfläche (21) des Rings (7) kegelstumpfförmig sind und die gleichen Ausmaße besitzten, wenn die Schalen in ihren geschlossenen Positionen sind.
  9. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei der Ring (7) an dem Ende von vertikalen Stangen (19) befestigt ist, die gleitbar auf dem Rahmen (6) angebracht sind.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei elastische Glieder (24) zwischen dem Rahmen (6) und dem Ring (7) angebracht bzw. zwischengelegt sind, um zusammengedrückt zu werden, wenn der Rahmen (6) zwischen seiner Verriegelungszwischenposition und seiner vollständig ausgefahrenen Position ist.
  11. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei die elastischen Glieder (24) in vertikalen Rohren (25, 26) angeordnet sind, die in einer teleskopartigen Weise zwischen dem Ring (7) und dem Rahmen (6) angebracht sind.
  12. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Schalen (4a, 4b) zwei komplementäre Halbschalen sind.
EP19880902665 1987-03-13 1988-02-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieden einer laufrollenfelge aus einem stück Expired - Lifetime EP0353231B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8703438A FR2612095B1 (fr) 1987-03-13 1987-03-13 Procede et machine pour la fabrication par extrusion d'une piece metallique creuse, notamment d'un galet de chemin de roulement pour engin a chenilles
FR8703438 1987-03-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0353231A4 EP0353231A4 (de) 1990-01-08
EP0353231A1 EP0353231A1 (de) 1990-02-07
EP0353231B1 true EP0353231B1 (de) 1993-06-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880902665 Expired - Lifetime EP0353231B1 (de) 1987-03-13 1988-02-22 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schmieden einer laufrollenfelge aus einem stück

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0353231B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3882137T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2612095B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1988006931A1 (de)

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CN114012017A (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-02-08 宁波润程智能科技有限公司 一种成型轮毂锻造模具

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JP3524922B2 (ja) * 1992-09-30 2004-05-10 キャタピラー インコーポレイテッド 仕上られた鍛造スプロケットセグメントと製造方法及び装置
WO2012088490A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Orchid Orthopedics Solutions, Llc Orthopedic implant and method of making same
CN102632184B (zh) * 2012-04-20 2014-10-08 上海运良企业发展有限公司 履带式挖掘机用滚轮的锻造方法
CN103056602A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2013-04-24 昌利锻造有限公司 一种履带式挖掘机用滚轮的制造方法
CN105798218A (zh) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-27 苏州宝业锻造有限公司 带凸台的油管头胎模
CN105855396B (zh) * 2016-05-25 2017-12-05 皖西学院 一种锥形件高压扭转用模具
BE1029728B1 (fr) * 2021-09-03 2023-04-11 Safran Aero Boosters Procédé de fabrication d’une aube de turbomachine
CN114453583B (zh) * 2022-04-13 2022-06-21 合肥工业大学 一种锥形药型罩高压扭转成型模具

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114012017A (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-02-08 宁波润程智能科技有限公司 一种成型轮毂锻造模具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0353231A4 (de) 1990-01-08
DE3882137T2 (de) 1994-02-10
EP0353231A1 (de) 1990-02-07
FR2612095A1 (fr) 1988-09-16
DE3882137D1 (de) 1993-08-05
FR2612095B1 (fr) 1994-05-13
WO1988006931A1 (en) 1988-09-22

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