EP0352327A1 - Dispositif a percussion a commande pneumatique - Google Patents

Dispositif a percussion a commande pneumatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352327A1
EP0352327A1 EP88908419A EP88908419A EP0352327A1 EP 0352327 A1 EP0352327 A1 EP 0352327A1 EP 88908419 A EP88908419 A EP 88908419A EP 88908419 A EP88908419 A EP 88908419A EP 0352327 A1 EP0352327 A1 EP 0352327A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
chamber
housing
air
air distributor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88908419A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0352327A4 (en
Inventor
Konstantin Konstantinovich Tupitsin
Sergei Konstantinovich Tupitsin
Veniamin Viktorovich Kamensky
Nikolai Jurievich Kiselev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Original Assignee
Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR filed Critical Institut Gornogo dela Sibirskogo Otdelenia Akademii Nauk SSSR
Publication of EP0352327A1 publication Critical patent/EP0352327A1/fr
Publication of EP0352327A4 publication Critical patent/EP0352327A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mining and, more particularly, relates to a striking pneumatic device.
  • This invention is most convenient to use in pneumatic impact machines, such as pneumatic drills, intended for drilling holes in soils and rocks.
  • Strikingly operating compressed air devices with air distribution through a valve or slide as well as compressed air devices in which the air is distributed through a percussion piston are generally known. All of these devices are characterized by the presence of a system of ducts, either in the housing walls or in the percussion piston, for controlling the work of the slide or valve and for supplying compressed air to the working chambers of this device and for exhausting the exhaust air from them Working chambers are required.
  • the presence of the above-mentioned channels leads to a reduction in the usable area of the percussion piston, which in turn reduces the specific percussion performance, and on the other hand complicates the shape of the percussion piston and the housing, which creates unnecessary stress accumulations which limit the service life of these individual parts to a significant extent.
  • a striking pneumatic device which contains a pile hammer to be inserted into the borehole and an autonomous air distributor located on the surface of the earth.
  • the pile hammer represents a simplest striking device, which consists of a tubular housing closed at two ends and a striking piston arranged longitudinally displaceably therein.
  • the percussion piston divides the inner cavity of the tubular housing into two chambers, which are connected to one another either by a throttle channel or a channel with a check valve or by both. At least one of these chambers, called the controlled chamber, is connected by a hose to an air distributor installed on the surface of the earth.
  • the air distributor is in general a vibration system consisting of a slide housing and an actuator housed in it, which is designed in the form of a slide or a valve and is designed for this purpose, either automatically or inevitably with the aid of a drive device, e.g. of a cam mechanism.
  • the self-vibrating slide is connected to a pendulum that has an adjustable weight with the help of levers and joints.
  • the actuator of the air distributor is automatically or forcibly vibrated.
  • the hose connecting the controlled chamber of the pile hammer to the air distributor depending on the position of the slide, is alternately connected to the compressed air source, sometimes to the environment, so that the controlled chamber of the pile hammer is also alternately connected to the Compressed air source, will soon be connected to the environment.
  • the result of this is the generation of a pulsating pressure in the controlled chamber. Since the two chambers of the pile hammer are not connected to each other by a free passage, but by a throttle channel or a channel with a check valve, the pressure in these chambers is always different.
  • the percussion piston Under the effect of the pressure difference in these chambers the percussion piston performs a reciprocating motion during which it strikes the working tool or in the opposite direction on the housing.
  • the required direction of the blows is ensured by a corresponding combination of the parameters of the air distributor, which is selected appropriately by experiment.
  • any channels are completely missing in the percussion piston and in the housing.
  • the device described above advantageously differs from the known striking devices which have an air distribution by means of a slide or valve, which cannot be realized without a system of channels which are used to control the valve or the slide and to admit the compressed air into the Chambers of the device and to exhaust the exhaust air from these chambers are necessary.
  • the number of pressure pulses that are effectively transmitted through the hose in the unit of time is determined by the relationship ⁇ ⁇ V 2L determines what mean: ⁇ - frequency of the transmitted pulses; L - hose length; V - speed of sound in the air, In real devices, the achievable frequency of the effective transmission of pressure pulses is even smaller.
  • a strikingly operating compressed air device is known (SU, A, 261319), which contains a housing, in the interior of which a percussion piston is slidably arranged.
  • the percussion piston divides the cavity of the housing into two chambers.
  • a working tool is installed in the front part of the housing.
  • a massive compensating piston is arranged, which is designed in the form of a slide, which can perform a self-oscillating movement when the compressed air is fed into this device.
  • a longitudinal channel in the slide is always connected to a controlled chamber on the one hand and can be connected to either the compressed air source or the environment depending on the position of the slide.
  • the slide arranged in the rear part of the housing performs a self-oscillating movement relative to the housing.
  • the controlled chamber is alternately connected to the compressed air source, sometimes to the environment, via the longitudinal channel in the slide.
  • the compensating piston designed as a slide fulfills not only the functions of a compensating inertia element, but also the functions of the autonomous air distributor, which alternately connects the controlled chamber of the device, sometimes with the compressed air source, sometimes with the environment.
  • the compensating piston also fulfills the function of a compensating element, it has considerable dimensions, mass and vibration range, which is why the size and mass of the device as a whole also increase without increasing the impact power.
  • the result is a reduction in the specific performance of the device.
  • Attempts to reduce the mass and dimensions of the known device by choosing a rational ratio of dimensions, mass and vibration range of the compensating piston and by reducing its vibration range with the aid of limit stops do not lead to a desired result.
  • reducing the mass of the balance piston in order to reduce the mass of the device as a whole inevitably results in an increase in its vibration range, which also increases the length of the device housing, so that the reduction in mass achieved by the entire device is nullified by increasing the mass of the housing becomes.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a striking compressed air device with such a structural design of the air distributor, which allows the external dimensions and the mass of the device as a whole while maintaining a while maintaining the advantages of striking compressed air devices with a controlled chamber to significantly reduce relatively high impact performance.
  • the striking compressed air device which contains a housing, inside which a percussion piston is slidably arranged, which divides the cavity of the housing into two chambers, the first of which between the housing walls and the percussion piston and the the second is enclosed between the percussion piston and an air distributor housed in a housing with a movable actuator which divides the cavity of the air distributor into at least two cavities, the pressure in the first of which ensures the displacement of the actuator into one of the end positions, while the second cavity is always connected to the second chamber and is alternately connected to the compressed air source and the environment, according to the invention the first cavity of the air distributor is connected to the second chamber by means of a throttle channel.
  • the actuator thereby has during its self-oscillating movement between two stops in each of the two end positions, their duration in the one position of the time of filling the first cavity of the air distributor with compressed air via the throttle channel and in the second position of the time of the outlet of the Compressed air is the same from the aforementioned first cavity.
  • the law of the oscillating movement of the actuator is determined by the parameters of the throttle channel and the mentioned first cavity of the air distributor, but practically does not depend on its inertia properties.
  • the dimensions and the mass of the device according to the invention are reduced overall without reducing their impact power, which is why the specific impact power, that is to say the power based on the mass and volume of the device, increases.
  • the air cavity distributor and to connect the second chamber in the housing to one another by at least one additional throttle duct, the outlet cross section of which is covered on the side of the second chamber in the housing by a check valve attached to the wall of the air distributor.
  • the striking air device includes e.g. tubular housing 1 (Fig. 1).
  • a work tool 2 is fastened in the housing on one end face, while an air distributor 3 with an air supply hose 4 is arranged on the other end face.
  • a percussion piston 5 is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable.
  • the percussion piston 5 divides the cavity of the housing into two chambers 6, 7.
  • the first chamber 6 is enclosed between the walls of the housing 1, the percussion piston 5 and the working tool 2.
  • the second chamber 7 lies between the walls of the housing 1, the percussion piston 5 and the air distributor 3.
  • the first and the second chamber 6, 7 are connected to one another by any known means (not shown) which prevent the overflows of air from the second chamber Limit 7 into the first chamber 6.
  • a known means that limits the overflows of the air between the first and the second chamber 6 or 7 can be used as a throttle channel, the function of which can be performed by an annular gap between the percussion piston 5 and the housing 1, or as a channel with a check valve, or both run at the same time.
  • a movable actuator 8 (FIG. 2) is accommodated, which divides the cavity of the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 into at least two cavities, but in the specific exemplary embodiment into three cavities 10, 11, 12, because the actuator 8 used is in shape a multi-stage slide is formed, which is arranged coaxially with the percussion piston 5 (FIG. 1) in the housing 9 (FIG. 2) of the air distributor 3 and can be moved back and forth between stops 13 and 14, which are executed in the interior of the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 are.
  • the first cavity 10 is through the walls of the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 and the end face 15 of the actuator 8 ge forms. The pressure in the first cavity 10 ensures the displacement of the actuator 8 in one of the end positions.
  • the second cavity 11 is enclosed between the walls of the housing 9 and the annular end faces 16 and 17.
  • the second cavity 11 is always connected to the second chamber 7 of the device via a radial channel 18 and a longitudinal channel 19 which are connected to one another.
  • a cavity 20 is formed in the form of a pot with a bottom 21.
  • the cavity 20 is connected to the air supply hose 4 via a channel 22 and to the second cavity 11 via a radial channel 23, depending on the position of the actuator 8, the second cavity 11 is alternately either with the air supply line in a position via the radial channel 23 or in the position of the actuator 8 (Fig. 3) in the other position via a radial channel 24 with the environment.
  • the first cavity 10 is always connected to the second chamber 7 via a throttle duct 27 and fulfills the function of a compressed air reservoir.
  • the second cavity 33 can either communicate with the environment via a radial channel 38 (in the position in FIG.
  • the first cavity 10 (FIG. 6) is connected to the second chamber 7 by an additional throttle duct 43.
  • the outlet cross section of the throttle duct on the side of the second chamber 7 is covered by a check valve 44, which is attached to the wall of the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 and only ensures the passage of air into the second chamber 7.
  • the outlet cross section of the additional throttle duct 43 on the side of the first cavity 10 is covered by a check valve 45 , which is attached to the wall of the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 and ensures the passage of air only into the first cavity 10.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the air distributor 3 similar to that described in FIG. 1, but with an actuator 46 having a different design.
  • This actuator 46 serves as a forehead surface which delimits the first cavity 47, a flexible membrane 48 which is attached to the periphery in the housing 9 of the air distributor 3.
  • the work of the striking compressed air device according to the invention takes place in the following manner.
  • the actuator 8 designed as a multi-stage slide moves under the effect of the air pressure on the bottom 21 of the pot 24 until it comes into contact with the stop 13, that is, it sets itself in a position in which the compressed air arriving via the air supply hose 7 via the channel 22, the cavity 20, the radial channel 23 in the actuator 8, the second cavity 11, the radial and the longitudinal channel 18 or 19 in the housing 9 of the air distributor 3 fills the second chamber 7 in the housing 1.
  • an additional force acts on the actuator 8, which force is applied to the end face 16 on the side of the second cavity 11 and presses the actuator 8 against the stop 13.
  • the pressure in the first cavity 10 rises gradually because its filling with compressed air takes place via the throttle duct 27, which connects the first cavity 10, which fulfills the function of a compressed air reservoir, to the second chamber 7.
  • the inlet of the compressed air into the second chamber 7 continues until the air pressure in the first cavity 10 in the process of slow filling reaches a size which is sufficient to move the actuator 8 to the other position, i.e. until contact with the stop 14, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the inlet of the air to the second chamber 7 ceases because the radial channel 23 is covered, and the exhaust air is exhausted, ie, in this position of the actuator 8, the second chamber 7 is above the Longitudinal channel 19 and the radial channel 18 in the housing 9 of the air distributor 3, the sen second cavity 11 and the radial channel 24 in connection with the environment.
  • the air pressure in the second chamber 7 drops sharply, while the pressure in the first cavity 10 decreases continuously because its discharge takes place via the throttle duct 27.
  • the actuator 8 remains in this position until the pressure in the first cavity 10 drops to a size at which the force of the pressure received by the end face 15 of the actuator 8 is less than the force of the line pressure acting on the bottom 21 in the cavity 20 becomes. Furthermore, the process of the self-oscillating movement of the actuator 8 described with repairs in the two end positions is repeated periodically.
  • second chamber 7 is either connected to the compressed air source but isolated from the environment, or is connected to the environment but isolated from the compressed air source. In this way, a pulsating pressure is generated in the second chamber 7 of the device when the compressed air is supplied via the air supply hose 4. Since the first chamber 6 (Fig. 1) and the second chamber 7 do not pass through a free passage, but with the aid of any known means (not shown) which limits the passage of air from one chamber 7 (6) to the other are connected, the pressure in the first and second chambers 6, 7 is different. Under the effect of the pressure difference in the first and second chambers 6, 7 of the device, the percussion piston 5 executes a reciprocating movement within the housing 1. Experimentally, it is possible to choose such a combination of the parameters of the air distributor 3, at the percussion piston 5 strikes the working tool 2 during its reciprocating movement within the housing 1 in the course of each working cycle of the air distributor 3.
  • the work of the air distributor 3, the embodiment of which is shown in FIGS. 4, 5, is according to that filling functions equivalent to the air distributor 3 shown in FIGS. 2, 3.
  • the actuator 29 moves under the effect of the air pressure on the end face 41 into the position (FIG. 5) in which the second chamber 7 in the housing 1 over the channels 37, 36, 39 and 22 are connected to the compressed air source, as a result of which the compressed air is admitted into this second chamber 7.
  • an additional force acts on the actuator 29, which is directed against the action of the spring 42 and is caused by the action of the pressure on the end face 34.
  • the process of admission continues until the pressure in the first cavity 30 during its filling with compressed air via the throttle duct 32 reaches a level which is sufficient for moving the actuator 29 into the position in which the second chamber 7 (FIG.
  • the work of the device according to the invention with the additional throttle duct 43 (FIG. 7) used in the air distributor 3, the outlet cross section of which is covered by the check valve 45, differs from the one described above only in that the filling of the first cavity 10 via the throttle duct 27 and the additional throttle channel 43 and the discharge only takes place via the throttle channel 27 alone.
  • the work of the device using the membrane 48 (FIG. 8) in the air distributor 3 takes place in a manner similar to that described in FIGS. 2, 3.
  • the difference is that the function of the end face fulfills the membrane 48, which delimits the first cavity 47, which communicates with the second chamber 7 through the throttle channel 49.
  • the number of possible embodiments of the actuator 8 of the air distributor 3 is not limited to the two variants shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, 5. It is possible to use air distributors with different designs of the actuator. But in each embodiment of the same, the presence of at least one throttle channel is obligatory, which connects the chamber in the housing, which is alternately connected to the compressed air source and to the environment, to the cavity of the air distributor, in which the pressure displaces the actuator into one the end positions guaranteed.
  • the impacting compressed air device according to the invention has an air distributor, the dimensions and mass of which are minimal. This has made it possible, while maintaining the advantages of pneumatic impact devices with a controlled chamber, to reduce the overall dimensions and mass of the devices without reducing their impact performance. As a result, the specific impact performance, that is, the performance related to the mass and volume of the facility, has increased. If the dimensions and the mass of the device according to the invention are left at the previous level, the increased specific power also increases the absolute power of the device, which ultimately leads to increased work performance when deployed.
  • the present invention is most effectively applicable to the drilling of wells used in the closed process construction of underground utility lines of various uses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif à percussion à commande pneumatique comprend un carter (1) à l'intérieur duquel est monté mobile un piston frappeur divisant l'espace creux du carter (1) en deux chambres. Un chambre (7) est reliée en alternance à une source d'air comprimé et à l'atmosphère au moyen d'un distributeur d'air (3) pourvu d'un élément d'actionnement mobile (8), et monté dans le carter (1). En outre, la chambre (7) est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un canal d'étranglement (27) à la chambre (10) du distributeur d'air (3), la pression dans ladite chambre étant maintenue par le déplacement de l'élément d'actionnement (8) vers l'une de ces positions extrêmes.
EP19880908419 1987-09-02 1988-08-30 Pneumatically-operated percussion device Withdrawn EP0352327A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SU4300605 1987-09-02
SU4300605/03A SU1678100A1 (ru) 1987-09-02 1987-09-02 Пневматическое устройство ударного действия

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0352327A1 true EP0352327A1 (fr) 1990-01-31
EP0352327A4 EP0352327A4 (en) 1991-07-31

Family

ID=21325658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880908419 Withdrawn EP0352327A4 (en) 1987-09-02 1988-08-30 Pneumatically-operated percussion device

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0352327A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU603015B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1308314C (fr)
ES (1) ES2010343A6 (fr)
FI (1) FI893122A0 (fr)
HU (1) HU885510D0 (fr)
SU (1) SU1678100A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989002011A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102012339A (zh) * 2010-12-15 2011-04-13 山东大学 适用于地质力学模型试验的超薄柔性均布压力加载装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6129761A (en) 1995-06-07 2000-10-10 Reprogenesis, Inc. Injectable hydrogel compositions

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974885A (en) * 1972-07-10 1976-08-17 Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov Pneumatic percussive power tool

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2634066C3 (de) * 1976-07-29 1984-09-20 Paul 5940 Lennestadt Schmidt Vorrichtung für den Vor- und Rücklauf von selbstangetriebenen, pneumatischen Rammbohrgeräten

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974885A (en) * 1972-07-10 1976-08-17 Boris Vasilievich Sudnishnikov Pneumatic percussive power tool

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8902011A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102012339A (zh) * 2010-12-15 2011-04-13 山东大学 适用于地质力学模型试验的超薄柔性均布压力加载装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU885510D0 (fr) 1990-02-28
WO1989002011A1 (fr) 1989-03-09
FI893122A (fi) 1989-06-27
FI893122A0 (fi) 1989-06-27
EP0352327A4 (en) 1991-07-31
SU1678100A1 (ru) 2000-02-20
CA1308314C (fr) 1992-10-06
AU603015B2 (en) 1990-11-01
ES2010343A6 (es) 1989-11-01
AU2424688A (en) 1989-03-31

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