EP0351883B1 - Bougie à incandescence - Google Patents

Bougie à incandescence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0351883B1
EP0351883B1 EP89113620A EP89113620A EP0351883B1 EP 0351883 B1 EP0351883 B1 EP 0351883B1 EP 89113620 A EP89113620 A EP 89113620A EP 89113620 A EP89113620 A EP 89113620A EP 0351883 B1 EP0351883 B1 EP 0351883B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
approximately
glow plug
regulator
resistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89113620A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0351883A3 (en
EP0351883A2 (fr
Inventor
Bertram Dipl.-Ing. Dupuis
Max Dipl.-Ing. Endler (Fh)
Paul Bauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3825013A external-priority patent/DE3825013A1/de
Application filed by BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG, Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG filed Critical BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT89113620T priority Critical patent/ATE103058T1/de
Publication of EP0351883A2 publication Critical patent/EP0351883A2/fr
Publication of EP0351883A3 publication Critical patent/EP0351883A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0351883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0351883B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug as described in the respective preamble of main claims 1 and 8.
  • Such glow plugs are e.g. known from the document DE-U-8 705 865.
  • the glow plugs mentioned take a certain amount of time to heat up to their working temperature. Only then can the engine be started. This period of time, also called the preheating time, is quite short for the candle mentioned. Nevertheless, it is still relatively long compared to the petrol engine, which is immediately ready to start.
  • the control coil is usually made of pure nickel, with a resistance ratio of about 7, based on a temperature ratio of 20 ° / 1000 ° C, that is. that is, the resistance at 1000 ° C is about 7 times that at 20 ° C.
  • glow plugs can be produced whose heating-up time is in the range of approximately 5 to 6 seconds;
  • the temperature at the glow tube tip is then about 850 ° C, while after about 10 seconds a steady-state temperature of about 1140 ° C at nominal voltage is reached.
  • the object of the invention is to provide glow plugs, the heating-up time of which, while avoiding the disadvantages known from the prior art previously known glow plugs is significantly reduced, while at the same time ensuring a sufficient lifespan for the glow plugs. At the same time, such glow plugs should be easy to manufacture and make the use of control units to solve the task at hand unnecessary.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such glow plugs.
  • Suitable materials are not, as is known from the prior art, pure nickel but, for example, cobalt / iron alloys, preferably alloys according to claims 1, 6, 8 and 9.
  • Glow plugs correspondingly designed according to the invention show a behavior according to FIG. 2 with respect to their surface temperature as a function of time Example shown, the glow plug from the prior art has reached the glow plug tip temperature of 850 ° after about 8 seconds, the glow plug according to the invention reaches this temperature after about 3 to 4 seconds.
  • the glow plug according to the invention is "braked" very strongly with respect to the surface temperature and adjusts to a steady-state temperature according to FIG. 2 of approximately 1000 °, while the glow plug from the prior art has a steady-state temperature of approximately above 1150 °.
  • the low steady-state temperature of the glow plug according to the invention not only decisively improves the life of the glow plug; Above all, it also makes it possible to use this candle to afterglow the running engine with a higher generator voltage (up to 13 volts at the candle) without destroying the heating and control coil; This possibility of afterglow is of essential importance for reducing the pollutants in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. In this way, the elaborate electrical or electronic controls that are otherwise to be provided are eliminated when afterglow.
  • the glow plug according to the invention functions particularly effectively if the control coil consists of a cobalt / iron alloy, this alloy containing 23-25% by weight iron, the rest cobalt. This applies in particular if the iron content is about 25% by weight, the rest is cobalt.
  • FIG. 3 A typical embodiment of the glow plug according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Glow plug 1 designed as a closed glow tube, usually consists of corrosion-resistant material, preferably Inconel 600 or 601.
  • a spiral combination 2/3 is embedded in a thermally conductive insulating material 4 (for example magnesium oxide) in this protective tube.
  • a thermally conductive insulating material 4 for example magnesium oxide
  • the front section 2 of the coils arranged one behind the other is referred to as the heating coil and consists of a wire material with a low positive or negative temperature coefficient, preferably of a chrome / aluminum / iron wire.
  • the diameter of the wire is usually 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the heating coil 2 is usually connected to the control coil 3 by welding.
  • the control coil in this case consists of an alloy of cobalt / iron, the proportion of cobalt in the alloy being approximately 75% and the rest being iron; In this way, a material is used according to the invention, the resistance characteristic of which is adapted to the use of a glow plug. According to the invention, this control coil 3 initially has a lower increase in resistance, while the resistance rises steeply in the range of the filament wire temperature from approximately 400 to approximately 900 °.
  • the desired steady-state temperature is also established according to the invention after about 8 seconds.
  • the annealing temperature of around 850 ° C is already reached after two to five seconds.
  • the diameter of the control coil in this embodiment is approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
  • control coil is divided into the two sections 3 and 6, section 3 consisting of a material with the steep increase in resistance mentioned in the temperature range mentioned, while section 6 consists of a coil known per se from e.g. B. consists of pure nickel.
  • section 3 consisting of a material with the steep increase in resistance mentioned in the temperature range mentioned
  • section 6 consists of a coil known per se from e.g. B. consists of pure nickel.
  • control spiral alloy is produced by sintering. This applies, although it has not yet been possible to clarify why the results are significantly better for the present purpose if the alloys were produced with the same degree of purity in the sintering process and not in the melting process.
  • the advantage of using the pure alloys Co Fe 23 to Co Fe 25 lies in the relatively small increase in resistance up to 800 ° C, which results in rapid heating up, and the jump characteristic of the temperature coefficient, which occurs at around 825 ° C, which results in effective regulation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Bougie de préchauffage destinée à être montée dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne opérant par compression de l'air, comprenant un corps de bougie muni d'un dispositif de raccordement pour le courant de chauffage, et un tube fixé au corps de bougie et fermé à son extrémité éloignée du corps de bougie, dans laquelle est prévu un élément résistant formé d'une spire de fil métallique, logé dans une matière isolante à l'intérieur du tube, l'élément résistant étant composé de deux spires résistantes connectées en série, dont la spire résistante arrière, servant de spire régulatrice, présente un coefficient de température positif plus fort que celui de la spire résistante avant, servant de spire chauffante, caractérisé
       en ce que la spire régulatrice est composée d'un alliage cobalt/fer qui est formé de 20 à 35 % en poids de Fe, d'autres éléments servant d'additifs de traitement, jusqu'à environ 1 % en poids, le reste étant composé de cobalt ou de cobalt et de nickel, la teneur maximum en nickel étant d'environ 15 %.
  2. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière de la spire régulatrice possède un rapport de résistance supérieur à 12, pour un rapport de température de 20°/1000°C.
  3. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport de résistance est d'environ 14.
  4. Bougie de préchauffage selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière de la spire régulatrice présente une variation brusque de résistance dans l'intervalle de température du fil de la spire régulatrice d'environ 400 à environ 900°C.
  5. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle de variation brusque de la résistance du fil de la spire régulatrice s'étend d'environ 600 à environ 900°C.
  6. Bougie de préchauffage selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de la spire régulatrice présente une teneur en nickel qui s'élève avec l'élévation de la teneur en fer, la teneur maximale en nickel pouvant être calculée par une interpolation approximativement linéaire entre les valeurs de 0 % en poids de nickel pour une teneur en fer de 20 % en poids et 15 % en poids de nickel pour une teneur en fer de 35 % en poids.
  7. Bougie de préchauffage selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la spire régulatrice est réalisée en une pièce ou plusieurs pièces d'une matière ou de matières, dont le ou les rapport(s) de résistance (20/1000°C) est ou sont d'environ 7,5 ou plus petit(s) dans l'intervalle d'environ 100 à environ 400°, de préférence jusqu'à environ 600°C, et s'élève(nt) en pente raide pour atteindre des valeurs de plus d'environ 7,5, jusqu'à plus de 12 dans l'intervalle de 400°, de préférence 600°, à environ 900°.
  8. Bougie de préchauffage destinée à être montée dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne opérant par compression de l'air, comprenant un corps de bougie muni d'un dispositif de raccordement pour le courant de chauffage, et un tube fixé au corps de bougie et fermé à son extrémité éloignée du corps de bougie, dans laquelle est prévu un élément résistant formé d'une spire de fil métallique, logé dans une matière isolante à l'intérieur du tube, l'élément résistant étant composé de deux spires résistantes connectées en série, dont la spire résistante arrière, servant de spire régulatrice, présente un coefficient de température plus fort que celui de la spire résistante avant, servant de spire chauffante, la matière de la spire régulatrice présentant un rapport de résistance de plus d'environ 7,5 pour un rapport de température de 20°/1000°C, caractérisé en ce que la spire régulatrice est faite d'un alliage cobalt/fer ayant une teneur en fer de 23 à 25 % en poids, le reste étant le cobalt.
  9. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la spire régulatrice est faite d'un alliage cobalt/fer possédant un teneur en fer de 25 % en poids, le reste étant le cobalt.
  10. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de la spire régulatrice est fabriqué par frittage.
  11. Bougie de préchauffage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une spire connue en soi faite, par exemple, de nickel pur, est interposée entre la spire régulatrice et la spire chauffante.
  12. Bougie de préchauffage selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les spires sont pratiquement entièrement logées dans la partie du tube qui sert de tige chauffante et qui est dégagée d'éventuels composants adjacents, qui pourraient évacuer de la chaleur.
EP89113620A 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Bougie à incandescence Expired - Lifetime EP0351883B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89113620T ATE103058T1 (de) 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Gluehkerze.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825013 1988-07-22
DE3825013A DE3825013A1 (de) 1988-07-22 1988-07-22 Gluehkerze
DE3923582A DE3923582C2 (de) 1988-07-22 1989-07-17 Glühkerze
DE3923582 1989-07-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0351883A2 EP0351883A2 (fr) 1990-01-24
EP0351883A3 EP0351883A3 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0351883B1 true EP0351883B1 (fr) 1994-03-16

Family

ID=25870399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89113620A Expired - Lifetime EP0351883B1 (fr) 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Bougie à incandescence

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0351883B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3923582C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2051330T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2806195B2 (ja) * 1993-01-14 1998-09-30 株式会社デンソー グロープラグ
DE29506974U1 (de) * 1995-04-26 1995-07-06 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 63450 Hanau Material für die Regelwendel einer Glühstiftkerze
DE29514507U1 (de) * 1995-09-09 1995-11-02 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 63450 Hanau Regelwendelmaterial für eine Flammglühkerze

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE545173C (de) * 1928-10-13 1932-02-26 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Material fuer Reibungsbeanspruchung unterworfene, vorzugsweise elektrischen Strom fuehrende Teile von technischen Anordnungen
DE671071C (de) * 1935-09-13 1939-01-31 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Duktilitaet von Legierungen auf der Basis Eisen-Kobalt
DE2802625C3 (de) * 1978-01-21 1985-07-18 BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg Glühkerze
US4423309A (en) * 1982-06-28 1983-12-27 General Motors Corporation Quick heat self regulating electric glow heater
JPS59231321A (ja) * 1983-06-13 1984-12-26 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 自己制御型グロ−プラグ
DE3502525C2 (de) * 1985-01-25 1993-11-11 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Glühelement
DE8705865U1 (de) * 1987-04-22 1987-09-17 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi Glühkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2051330T3 (es) 1994-06-16
EP0351883A3 (en) 1990-07-11
DE58907209D1 (de) 1994-04-21
DE3923582A1 (de) 1991-03-14
DE3923582C2 (de) 1993-11-18
EP0351883A2 (fr) 1990-01-24

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