EP0351082A2 - Combustion catalytique - Google Patents

Combustion catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0351082A2
EP0351082A2 EP89306359A EP89306359A EP0351082A2 EP 0351082 A2 EP0351082 A2 EP 0351082A2 EP 89306359 A EP89306359 A EP 89306359A EP 89306359 A EP89306359 A EP 89306359A EP 0351082 A2 EP0351082 A2 EP 0351082A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
honeycomb
catalyst
section
catalytic combustion
combustion system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89306359A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0351082A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter John Davidson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Publication of EP0351082A2 publication Critical patent/EP0351082A2/fr
Publication of EP0351082A3 publication Critical patent/EP0351082A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/604—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centering, e.g. pins
    • F05B2230/606—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centering, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to catalytic combustion wherein a gaseous or vaporised liquid fuel is combusted with an oxygen-­containing gas, eg air, in the presence of a combustion catalyst.
  • an oxygen-containing gas eg air
  • oxygen-containing gas will be termed air, although it will be appreciated that oxygen itself, or oxygen-enriched or oxygen-depleted air can be employed.
  • Catalytic combustion may be used in a wide variety of applications and has numerous advantages, for example it tends to give combustion products having a lower nitrogen oxides content than a conventional flame combustion.
  • catalytic combustion is in gas turbines wherein the fuel in the form of a compressed gas or vapourised liquid is mixed with a compressed oxygen-containing gas, normally air, and the mixture passed over a combustion catalyst.
  • Catalytic combustion takes place giving a hot gas stream which is used to drive the turbine which in turn drives the compressor for the air and, if necessary, the fuel and also provides power for export, for example electricity produced in eg. an alternator driven by the turbine.
  • Another application is in industrial and domestic heaters, eg water heaters.
  • catalytic combustion may be used for the burners of industrial fired heaters, for burners of domestic water boilers, eg of the fully-premixed burner type, and for pilot burners.
  • the catalysts for such catalytic combustion normally comprise a platinum group metal, eg platinum, palladium, rhodium, or materials such as vanadium pentoxide, or mixtures thereof supported on an inert support.
  • the support is usually a refractory material, particularly alpha-alumina, and is conveniently in the form of a monolithic honeycomb structure, ie a single honeycomb unit, or assembly of polygonal honeycomb units packed side-by-side, each unit having a plurality of parallel passages extending therethrough in the direction of gas flow. Examples of suitable supports are described in EP-A-206535, and EP-A-226306, and a suitable method for their manufacture is described in EP-A-134138.
  • the honeycomb becomes relatively hot.
  • the fuel/air mixture is fed to the honeycomb at an elevated temperature and rapid combustion occurs upon contact with the combustion catalyst.
  • the preheating of the fuel/air mixture may be effected in a variety of ways, eg by the heat generated during compression or by the addition of a heated ballast gas, eg steam.
  • the temperature of the fuel/air mixture should be below the autoignition temperature.
  • the inlet temperature of the fuel/air mixture may be reduced but the catalyst remains at elevated temperature.
  • the fuel/air mixture is supplied at such a rate that the mixture enters the combustion catalyst before it has been heated to above the autoignition temperature by the heat radiated back from the combustion catalyst honeycomb.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome these problems, and is of particular use in applications, such as gas turbines, or domestic water heaters, where it is desired that there may be a frequent stopping and starting of the combustion.
  • a flame trap is provided upstream of the combustion catalyst, so that in the event of autoignition, a flame cannot travel back toward the fuel/air inlet.
  • the present invention provides, in a catalytic combustion system wherein combustion of a fuel/air mixture is effected by passage of the fuel/air mixture over a combustion catalyst supported on a monolithic honeycomb structure, the improvement comprising the provision of a flame trap upstream of said combustion catalyst, said flame trap comprising, or being supported on its downstream side by, a combustion catalyst-free honeycomb section.
  • the combustion catalyst-free section may itself be the flame trap or may be a support for a conventional gauze flame trap.
  • the combustion catalyst-free section will be cooler than the catalyst-containing honeycomb and so autoignition of the fuel/air mixture upstream of the combustion catalyst-free honeycomb as a result of heating by radiant heat from the combustion catalyst will be less liable to occur.
  • the through passages in the honeycomb generally have a hydraulic diameter of less than 5 mm, particularly less than 2.5 mm, and generally above 0.1 mm.
  • hydraulic diameter we mean four times the cross sectional area of the passage divided by the perimeter of the passage cross section. [In the case of passages of circular cross section, the hydraulic diameter is thus the diameter of the passage cross section, while for passages having a cross section in the form of a regular polygon, the hydraulic diameter is the diameter of the inscribed circle].
  • the cross sectional configuration of the passages is preferably rectangular, particularly square, or triangular, particularly isosceles, eg. equilateral or right angled, eg, as a result of dividing a square diagonally.
  • the honeycomb preferably has an open area of at least 30%, particularly 40-90%, and, in the case of polygonal cross section passages, the walls between adjacent passages preferably have a thickness of 0.05 to 1 mm. There are preferably 10-100, particularly 15-50, passages per cm2 of the unit cross sectional area.
  • the catalyst-free honeycomb section may in one form of the invention be integral with the catalyst-bearing honeycomb, for example as a result of applying a coating of the combustion catalyst only to the downstream portion of a honeycomb.
  • This form of construction is simple but has the disadvantage that there is a risk that, because of the difference in temperature that is liable to occur between the uncoated region and the catalyst-bearing region, the uncoated region is liable to separate from the catalyst-­bearing region as a result of cracking due to thermal shock.
  • This risk can be minimised by restricting the length of the uncoated region to no more than about 100, preferably no more than about 50, times the hydraulic diameter of the passages.
  • the uncoated region should have a length of at least one, and preferably at least five, times the passage hydraulic diameter, particularly if the uncoated region is itself to act as the flame trap rather than simply supporting a conventional flame trap.
  • a separate catalyst-free honeycomb unit, or assembly of units may be used upstream of the combustion catalyst-­bearing honeycomb, again as the flame trap itself or as a support for a wire gauze flame trap.
  • the passage dimensions of the catalyst-free honeycomb may differ from those of the combustion catalyst-bearing honeycomb. However it is preferred that the dimensions are within the aforementioned ranges.
  • the hydraulic diameter of the passages is preferably within the range 0.5 to 2.5 mm and the length of the passages is typically up to 100 mm, preferably less than 50 mm.
  • the minimum length is dictated by the need to provide sufficient strength to be self-supporting.
  • the length necessary to be self supporting will normally exceed the length that is necessary for the catalyst-free honeycomb to be effective as a flame trap and will normally be at least one, particularly at least five, times the passage hydraulic diameter.
  • the passage hydraulic diameter can be larger than would be effective for a flame trap.
  • the pressure drop that occurs as the fuel/air mixture passes therethrough can be reduced.
  • the use of a catalyst-free honeycomb as a support for a conventional flame trap overcomes the difficulties associated with supporting a conventional flame trap in the extremes of temperature and gas velocity encountered in service.
  • a combustion zone comprising a cylindrical casing 10 provided at one end with an inlet region 12 to which compressed air is supplied and into which fuel can be injected and vaporised (if not already gaseous), eg by conventional means not shown.
  • the casing 10 is provided at its other end with an outlet region 14 for hot combusted gas to be fed to the turbine section.
  • Locating rings 16, 18, typically of alpha-alumina are provided at each end of the cylindrical casing 10.
  • Located between the rings 16, 18 are two honeycomb units 20, 22 with a spacer ring 24 of alpha-alumina, or an insulating material, therebetween. Ceramic fibre packing (not shown) may be provided to accomodate relative thermal expansion between rings 16, 18, 24 and the casing 10, and between the casing 10 and honeycomb units 20, 22.
  • Honeycomb 20 is typically made from an alpha-alumina or other inert ceramic material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion composition by extrusion followed by firing and bears a combustion catalyst, typically 0.05 to 10% by weight of the honeycomb of platinum or vanadium pentoxide applied by impregnation, precipitation or dipping.
  • Honeycomb 22 is of similar construction to honeycomb 20 but is shorter and has no combustion catalyst and acts as a flame trap to prevent autoignition of the fuel/air mixture upstream of honeycomb 22.
  • honeycombs 20 and 22 have a diameter of 450 mm and 33 through passages per cm2 of unit cross section.
  • the passages are of equilateral triangular cross section of hydraulic diameter about 1.2 mm with a wall thickness between adjacent passages of about 0.25 mm.
  • the open area of the honeycomb is about 66%.
  • the catalyst-bearing honeycomb 20 has a length of 150 mm while the catalyst-free honeycomb 22 has a length of only 25 mm.
  • the distance between honeycomb units 20 and 22 is 5 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP19890306359 1988-07-11 1989-06-23 Combustion catalytique Withdrawn EP0351082A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888816441A GB8816441D0 (en) 1988-07-11 1988-07-11 Gas turbines
GB8816441 1988-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0351082A2 true EP0351082A2 (fr) 1990-01-17
EP0351082A3 EP0351082A3 (fr) 1990-10-24

Family

ID=10640234

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890306359 Withdrawn EP0351082A3 (fr) 1988-07-11 1989-06-23 Combustion catalytique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0351082A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0261407A (fr)
GB (1) GB8816441D0 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT402847B (de) * 1995-08-03 1997-09-25 Vaillant Gmbh Wärmeerzeuger mit einem teilweise katalytisch beschichteten metallischen wabenkörperreaktor
WO1997047926A1 (fr) * 1996-06-10 1997-12-18 Catalytica, Inc. Structure de support pour catalyseur
WO2000073701A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Precision Combustion, Inc. Dispositif anti-retour de flamme a turbulence
US6431857B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2002-08-13 Sunkiss Catalytic combustion device emitting infrared radiation
US6709264B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-03-23 General Motors Corporation Catalytic combuster
US7163666B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2007-01-16 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermally tolerant support structure for a catalytic combustion catalyst

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2750424B2 (ja) * 1993-12-07 1998-05-13 工業技術院長 触媒燃焼装置
EP1908512A1 (fr) 2002-07-15 2008-04-09 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Procédé de production de sphères inorganiques
JP5822487B2 (ja) * 2011-02-28 2015-11-24 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 ガスタービンプラントおよびこの制御方法
JPWO2013099582A1 (ja) * 2011-12-27 2015-04-30 川崎重工業株式会社 ガスタービンにおける触媒燃焼器

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5862410A (ja) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
JPS5872808A (ja) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
DE3332572A1 (de) * 1983-09-09 1985-03-28 Insumma Projektgesellschaft mbH, 8500 Nürnberg Brennwertgeraet fuer kohlenwasserstoffe
EP0144094A1 (fr) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Méthode de combustion pour diminuer l'émission NOX
JPS60134117A (ja) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 N Koa Kk ガスバ−ナの逆火防止方法
DE3613745A1 (de) * 1986-04-23 1987-10-29 Steuler Industriewerke Gmbh Schutzgehaeuse fuer festkoerperkatalysatoren

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5862410A (ja) * 1981-10-12 1983-04-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
JPS5872808A (ja) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
DE3332572A1 (de) * 1983-09-09 1985-03-28 Insumma Projektgesellschaft mbH, 8500 Nürnberg Brennwertgeraet fuer kohlenwasserstoffe
EP0144094A1 (fr) * 1983-12-07 1985-06-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Méthode de combustion pour diminuer l'émission NOX
JPS60134117A (ja) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-17 N Koa Kk ガスバ−ナの逆火防止方法
DE3613745A1 (de) * 1986-04-23 1987-10-29 Steuler Industriewerke Gmbh Schutzgehaeuse fuer festkoerperkatalysatoren

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 157 (M-227)[1302], 9th July 1983; & JP-A-58 062 410 (MATSUSHITA DENKI SANGYO K.K.) 13-04-1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 165 (M-230)[1310], 20th July 1983; & JP-A-58 072 808 (MATSUSHITA DENKI SANGYO K.K.) 30-04-1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 297 (M-432)[2020], 25th November 1985; & JP-A-60 134 117 (ENU KOA K.K.) 17-07-1985 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT402847B (de) * 1995-08-03 1997-09-25 Vaillant Gmbh Wärmeerzeuger mit einem teilweise katalytisch beschichteten metallischen wabenkörperreaktor
DE19631552B4 (de) * 1995-08-03 2006-10-05 Vaillant Gmbh Katalytischer Wärmeerzeuger
WO1997047926A1 (fr) * 1996-06-10 1997-12-18 Catalytica, Inc. Structure de support pour catalyseur
US6431857B1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2002-08-13 Sunkiss Catalytic combustion device emitting infrared radiation
WO2000073701A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Precision Combustion, Inc. Dispositif anti-retour de flamme a turbulence
US6179608B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2001-01-30 Precision Combustion, Inc. Swirling flashback arrestor
AU755769B2 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-12-19 Precision Combustion, Inc. A swirling flashback arrestor
US7163666B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2007-01-16 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermally tolerant support structure for a catalytic combustion catalyst
US6709264B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-03-23 General Motors Corporation Catalytic combuster

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0261407A (ja) 1990-03-01
GB8816441D0 (en) 1988-08-17
EP0351082A3 (fr) 1990-10-24

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