EP0349767B1 - Once-through forced-flow steam generator - Google Patents

Once-through forced-flow steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349767B1
EP0349767B1 EP89109988A EP89109988A EP0349767B1 EP 0349767 B1 EP0349767 B1 EP 0349767B1 EP 89109988 A EP89109988 A EP 89109988A EP 89109988 A EP89109988 A EP 89109988A EP 0349767 B1 EP0349767 B1 EP 0349767B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipes
funnel
combustion chamber
walls
steam generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89109988A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0349767A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Klein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG filed Critical Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Priority to AT89109988T priority Critical patent/ATE89387T1/en
Publication of EP0349767A1 publication Critical patent/EP0349767A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0349767B1 publication Critical patent/EP0349767B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/146—Tube arrangements for ash hoppers and grates and for combustion chambers of the cyclone or similar type out of the flues

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a once-through steam generator with a combustion chamber, which is provided at the lower end with a funnel, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a combustion chamber funnel with vertically arranged pipes has a non-uniform geometry for constructional reasons, which, when heated, leads to uneven heat absorption of the medium flowing in the funnel pipes. This uneven heat absorption occurs more at part load when only a part of the burners, in particular those which are arranged close to the funnel, are acted upon. The same applies to increases in load which are controlled with a fire reserve.
  • the uneven heating of the medium in the funnel area continues in the tube walls of the combustion chamber connected as evaporators. The result is different temperatures in the combustion chamber walls.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic once-through steam generator so that with a low NO x firing of the steam generator, a uniform flow through the evaporator tubes can be achieved without increasing the pressure loss.
  • a once-through steam generator has a combustion chamber 1 which is heated by a burner and merges into a funnel 2 at the lower end.
  • the steam generator can be a tower boiler or a two-pass boiler.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is connected to a second flue gas flue, not shown, via a cross train 3, which is only partially shown.
  • Bundle heating surfaces 4 are arranged in the transverse train 3 and the second flue gas train.
  • the combustion chamber 1 has four walls formed by gas-tight tube walls, namely a front wall 5, a right side wall 6, a rear wall 7 and a left side wall 8.
  • the tubes of the combustion chamber walls run obliquely in the form of a screw winding (Fig. 3). It is also possible not to fit the pipes of all combustion chamber walls, e.g. only the tubes of the front wall 5 and the rear wall 7 have to be inclined, while the tubes of the side walls 6, 8 are arranged horizontally (FIG. 2).
  • the front wall 9 and the rear wall 11 of the funnel 2 are inclined and have a length that is constant over the height.
  • the side walls 10, 12 of the funnel 2 are arranged vertically and become narrower towards the bottom.
  • the tubes of the funnel 2 are arranged vertically.
  • the tubes of the funnel side walls 10, 12 start from staggered funnel collectors 13, which are connected via an inlet collector 14 to an economizer, not shown.
  • the funnel tubes open into two outlet headers 15, which are located on both sides of the center line of the funnel side walls 10, 12.
  • One of the outlet collectors 15 of the funnel side walls 10, 12 is connected to one of two inlet collectors 16 of the funnel front wall 9 and the funnel rear wall 11 (FIG. 2).
  • the funnel tubes of the funnel front wall 9 and the funnel rear wall 11 extend, which in turn merge directly into the sloping tubes of the combustion chamber front wall 5 and the combustion chamber rear wall 7 via shaped sticks.
  • the sloping pipes of the combustion chamber front wall 5 and the combustion chamber rear wall 7 are continued in the horizontal pipes of the combustion chamber side walls 6, 8.
  • the described circuits of the funnel walls 9, 10, 11, 12 make it possible for the medium to have approximately the same enthalpy in all tubes when entering the combustion chamber walls 5, 6, 7, 8 connected as evaporators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

A forced-circulation steam generator with a combustion chamber (1) that has a cone (2), whereby the combustion chamber is demarcated by piping walls with at least partly slanting pipes, the cone is composed of piping walls (9, 10, 11, and 12) with upright pipes, and the pipes in the combustion chamber are separated from the pipes in the cone by headers. The two series of pipes are separated such that the medium flowing through the pipes in the combustion chamber has the same enthalpy.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger mit einer Brennkammer, die am unteren Ende mit einem Trichter versehen ist, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a once-through steam generator with a combustion chamber, which is provided at the lower end with a funnel, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Brennkammertrichter mit senkrecht angeordneten Rohren weist konstruktiv bedingt eine ungleichförmige Geometrie auf, die bei Beheizung zu einer ungleichmäßigen Wärmeaufnahme des in den Trichterrohren strömenden Mediums führt. Diese ungleichmäßige Wärmeaufnahme tritt verstärkt bei Teillast ein, wenn nur ein Teil der Brenner, insbesondere diejenigen, die nahe an dem Trichter angeordnet sind, beaufschlagt werden. Das gleiche trifft auf Laststeigerungen zu, die regelungstechnisch mit einem Feuervorhalt gefahren werden. Die ungleichmäßige Erwärmung des Mediums im Trichterbereich setzt sich in den als Verdampfer geschalteten Rohrwänden der Brennkammer fort. Die Folge sind unterschiedliche Temperaturen in den Brennkammerwänden.A combustion chamber funnel with vertically arranged pipes has a non-uniform geometry for constructional reasons, which, when heated, leads to uneven heat absorption of the medium flowing in the funnel pipes. This uneven heat absorption occurs more at part load when only a part of the burners, in particular those which are arranged close to the funnel, are acted upon. The same applies to increases in load which are controlled with a fire reserve. The uneven heating of the medium in the funnel area continues in the tube walls of the combustion chamber connected as evaporators. The result is different temperatures in the combustion chamber walls.

Um der ungleichmäßigen Wärmeaufnahme im Trichterbereich entgegenzuwirken, ist es bekannt (DE-OS 32 07 987), die Rohre des Trichters an einer Stelle, die vor dem Verdampfungspunkt liegt, aus der Wand herauszuführen. Die herausgeführten Rohre werden über Mischsammler und Verbindungsrohre in die Ebene der Wand wieder hineingeführt. Ein Teil der ungleichmäßigen Wärmeaufnahme im Trichterbereich wird durch die Vermischung in den Mischsammlern ausgeglichen.In order to counteract the uneven heat absorption in the funnel area, it is known (DE-OS 32 07 987) to lead the tubes of the funnel out of the wall at a point which lies before the evaporation point. The pipes that are brought out are fed back into the level of the wall via mixing collectors and connecting pipes. Part of the uneven heat absorption in the funnel area is compensated for by the mixing in the mixing collectors.

Es war zu befürchten, daß die Vergleichmäßigung mit den in der DE-OS 32 07 987 genannten Maßnahmen nicht ausreichen würde, wenn wie zur Zeit üblich, der Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger mit einer Feuerung beheizt wird, bei der die Emission insbesondere von Stickoxiden niedrig gehalten werden muß. Zur Erfüllung einer solchen Forderung kann die Feuerführung nicht mehr auf eine gleichmäßige Beheizung der Rohrwände abgestimmt werden, sondern muß so gestaltet werden, daß die Bildung von Stickoxiden unterdrückt wird. Diese NOx-arme Feuerführung führt zu einer ungleichmäßigen Wärmebelastung der Brennkammerwände und verstärkt so eine bereits aus dem Trichterbereich resultierende ungleichmäßige Wärmeaufnahme des rohrseitigen Mediums. Unter derartigen Bedingungen kann eine gleichmäßige Durchströmung der Verdampferrohre nur erzielt werden, wenn mit Hilfe von Drosselstellen ein erhöhter Druckverlust in den Rohren eingestellt wird.It was to be feared that the equalization with the measures mentioned in DE-OS 32 07 987 would not be sufficient if, as is currently the case, the forced-flow steam generator is heated with a furnace in which the emission, in particular of nitrogen oxides, must be kept low. To meet such a requirement, the fire control can no longer be tailored to uniform heating of the tube walls, but must be designed in such a way that the formation of nitrogen oxides is suppressed. This low-NO x fire control leads to an uneven thermal load on the combustion chamber walls and thus reinforces an uneven heat absorption of the tube-side medium which already results from the funnel area. Under such conditions, a uniform flow through the evaporator tubes can only be achieved if an increased pressure loss in the tubes is set with the aid of throttling points.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger so zu gestalten, daß bei einer NOx-armen Befeuerung des Dampferzeugers eine gleichmäßige Durchströmung der Verdampferrohre ohne Erhöhung des Druckverlustes zu erreichen ist.The invention has for its object to design the generic once-through steam generator so that with a low NO x firing of the steam generator, a uniform flow through the evaporator tubes can be achieved without increasing the pressure loss.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen und mit einer NOx-armen Feuerung befeuerten Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a generic and with a low NO x firing forced-flow steam generator by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Auf Grund der durch eine Rohrführung im Trichterbereich zu erzielenden gleichmäßigen Enthalpie, mit der das rohrseitige Medium in den Verdampferteil der Brennkammer eintritt, verdampft das Medium in allen Rohren etwa in der gleichen Höhenebene. Die Rohre sind damit gleichmäßig durchströmt. Eine vorzeitige Verdampfung etwa durch eine ungleichmäßige Beheizung im Verdampferteil würde sich erst im oberen Teil auswirken, wo die nachteiligen Folgen wesentlich geringer sind.Due to the uniform enthalpy to be achieved by a pipe guide in the funnel area, with which the pipe-side medium enters the evaporator part of the combustion chamber, the medium evaporates in all pipes at approximately the same height level. The pipes are therefore evenly flowed through. Premature evaporation, for example due to uneven heating in the evaporator part, would only have an effect in the upper part, where the disadvantageous consequences are significantly less.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch das Schema eines teilweise dargestellten Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeugers,
Fig. 2
die Abwicklung der Wände des Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeugers gemäß Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
die Abwicklung gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically the diagram of a partially shown once-through steam generator,
Fig. 2
the handling of the walls of the once-through steam generator according to FIG. 1 and
Fig. 3
the processing according to another embodiment.

Ein Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger weist eine durch Brenner beheizte Brennkammer 1 auf, die am unteren Ende in einen Trichter 2 übergeht. Der Dampferzeuger kann ein Turmkessel oder ein Zweizugkessel sein. Im letzten Fall ist die Brennkammer 1 über einen nur teilweise dargestellten Querzug 3 mit einem nicht dargestellten zweiten Rauchgaszug verbunden. In dem Querzug 3 und dem zweiten Rauchgaszug sind Bündelheizflächen 4 angeordnet.A once-through steam generator has a combustion chamber 1 which is heated by a burner and merges into a funnel 2 at the lower end. The steam generator can be a tower boiler or a two-pass boiler. In the latter case, the combustion chamber 1 is connected to a second flue gas flue, not shown, via a cross train 3, which is only partially shown. Bundle heating surfaces 4 are arranged in the transverse train 3 and the second flue gas train.

Die Brennkammer 1 weist vier durch gasdichte Rohrwände gebildete Wände nämlich eine Vorderwand 5, eine rechte Seitenwand 6, eine Rückwand 7 und eine linke Seitenwand 8 auf. Die Rohre der Brennkammerwände verlaufen schräg ansteigend in Form einer Schraubenwicklung (Fig. 3). Es ist auch möglich, die Rohre nicht aller Brennkammerwände, z.B. nur die Rohre der Vorderwand 5 und der Rückwand 7 schräg ansteigend vorzusehen, während die Rohre der Seitenwände 6, 8 waagerecht angeordnet sind (Fig. 2).The combustion chamber 1 has four walls formed by gas-tight tube walls, namely a front wall 5, a right side wall 6, a rear wall 7 and a left side wall 8. The tubes of the combustion chamber walls run obliquely in the form of a screw winding (Fig. 3). It is also possible not to fit the pipes of all combustion chamber walls, e.g. only the tubes of the front wall 5 and the rear wall 7 have to be inclined, while the tubes of the side walls 6, 8 are arranged horizontally (FIG. 2).

Die Vorderwand 9 und die Rückwand 11 des Trichters 2 sind geneigt und weisen eine über die Höhe gleichbleibende Länge auf. Die Seitenwände 10, 12 des Trichters 2 sind senkrecht angeordnet und werden nach unten hin schmaler. Die Rohre des Trichters 2 sind senkrecht angeordnet. Die Rohre der Trichterseitenwände 10, 12 gehen von versetzt angeordneten Trichtersammlern 13 aus, die über einen Eintrittssammler 14 mit einem nicht gezeigten Economiser verbunden sind. Die Trichterrohre münden in zwei Austrittssammler 15, die beiderseits der Mittellinie der Trichterseitenwände 10, 12 liegen. Jeweils einer der Austrittssammler 15 der Trichterseitenwände 10, 12 ist mit einem von zwei Eintrittssammlern 16 der Trichtervorderwand 9 und der Trichterrückwand 11 verbunden (Fig. 2). Von diesen Eintrittssammlern 16 gehen die Trichterrohre der Trichtervorderwand 9 und der Trichterrückwand 11 aus, die ihrerseits in die schräg verlaufenden Rohre der Brennkammervorderwand 5 und der Brennkammerrückwand 7 direkt über Formstocke übergehen. Die schräg verlaufenden Rohre der Brennkammervorderwand 5 und der Brennkammerrückwand 7 sind in die waagerecht verlaufenden Rohre der Brennkammerseitenwände 6, 8 fortgesetzt.The front wall 9 and the rear wall 11 of the funnel 2 are inclined and have a length that is constant over the height. The side walls 10, 12 of the funnel 2 are arranged vertically and become narrower towards the bottom. The tubes of the funnel 2 are arranged vertically. The tubes of the funnel side walls 10, 12 start from staggered funnel collectors 13, which are connected via an inlet collector 14 to an economizer, not shown. The funnel tubes open into two outlet headers 15, which are located on both sides of the center line of the funnel side walls 10, 12. One of the outlet collectors 15 of the funnel side walls 10, 12 is connected to one of two inlet collectors 16 of the funnel front wall 9 and the funnel rear wall 11 (FIG. 2). From these inlet collectors 16, the funnel tubes of the funnel front wall 9 and the funnel rear wall 11 extend, which in turn merge directly into the sloping tubes of the combustion chamber front wall 5 and the combustion chamber rear wall 7 via shaped sticks. The sloping pipes of the combustion chamber front wall 5 and the combustion chamber rear wall 7 are continued in the horizontal pipes of the combustion chamber side walls 6, 8.

Sind alle Brennkammerwände 5, 6, 7, 8 mit schräg verlaufenden Rohren ausgerüstet (Fig. 3), so sind die Rohre der Trichtervorderwand 9 und der Trichterrückwand 11 zu Austrittssammlern 17 geführt. Die Austrittssammler 17 sind mit Zwischensammlern 18 verbunden, die ihrerseits das Medium auf Eintrittssammler 19 verteilen, an die die Rohre der Brennkammerwände 5, 6, 7, 8 angeschlossen sind.If all combustion chamber walls 5, 6, 7, 8 are equipped with obliquely extending tubes (FIG. 3), the tubes of the front funnel wall 9 and the rear funnel wall 11 are guided to outlet collectors 17. The outlet headers 17 are connected to intermediate headers 18, which in turn distribute the medium to inlet headers 19, to which the tubes of the combustion chamber walls 5, 6, 7, 8 are connected.

Die beschriebenen Schaltungen der Trichterwände 9, 10, 11, 12 ermöglichen es, daß das Medium beim Eintritt in die als Verdampfer geschalteten Brennkammerwände 5, 6, 7, 8 in allen Rohren etwa die gleiche Enthalpie aufweist.The described circuits of the funnel walls 9, 10, 11, 12 make it possible for the medium to have approximately the same enthalpy in all tubes when entering the combustion chamber walls 5, 6, 7, 8 connected as evaporators.

Claims (1)

  1. Forced-throughflow steam generator with a combustion chamber (1), which is provided at the lower end with a funnel (2), wherein the combustion chamber (1) is bounded by pipe walls with pipes arranged at least partly at an inclination, the funnel (2) has two funnel walls (9, 10), which over the height remain unchanged in length, and two downwardly narrowing funnel walls (11, 12), which are formed by pipe walls with vertically arranged pipes, and the pipes of the combustion chamber (1) are separated from the pipes of the funnel (2) by collectors, characterised thereby that the pipes of the downwardly narrowing funnel walls (10, 12) open into two outlet collectors (15), wherein a respective one of the outlet collectors (15) is connected in front of each inlet collector (16) of the funnel walls (9, 11) remaining unchanged in length and that the pipes of the funnel walls (9, 11) remaining unchanged in length are connected by way of one or more collectors (17, 18, 19) with the pipes of the combustion chamber walls, so that the medium flowing against the pipes of the combustion chamber has the same enthalpy.
EP89109988A 1988-07-06 1989-06-02 Once-through forced-flow steam generator Expired - Lifetime EP0349767B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89109988T ATE89387T1 (en) 1988-07-06 1989-06-02 FORCED-FLOW STEAM GENERATOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3822804 1988-07-06
DE3822804A DE3822804A1 (en) 1988-07-06 1988-07-06 FORCED STEAM GENERATOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0349767A1 EP0349767A1 (en) 1990-01-10
EP0349767B1 true EP0349767B1 (en) 1993-05-12

Family

ID=6358042

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89109988A Expired - Lifetime EP0349767B1 (en) 1988-07-06 1989-06-02 Once-through forced-flow steam generator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4953509A (en)
EP (1) EP0349767B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3030560B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE89387T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3822804A1 (en)
DK (1) DK328489A (en)
ES (1) ES2040407T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7954460B2 (en) * 2003-07-22 2011-06-07 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Boiler apparatus

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB298878A (en) * 1928-05-10 1928-10-18 Babcock Und Wilcox Dampfkessel Improvements in and connected with ash cooling screens for furnaces
NL125722C (en) * 1958-08-01
NL281273A (en) * 1961-07-27
DE1235330B (en) * 1964-04-23 1967-03-02 Ver Kesselwerke Ag Forced flow boiler with welded tubes
US3665893A (en) * 1970-12-29 1972-05-30 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor generator tube arrangement
US4191133A (en) * 1977-11-07 1980-03-04 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Vapor generating system utilizing integral separators and angularly arranged furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes having rifled bores
US4344388A (en) * 1977-11-07 1982-08-17 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Vapor generating system utilizing integral separators and angularly arranged furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes having rifled bores
US4178881A (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-12-18 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Vapor generating system utilizing angularly arranged bifurcated furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes
SU819494A1 (en) * 1979-05-24 1981-04-07 Предприятие П/Я Р-6413 Evaporative heating surface
US4244327A (en) * 1979-06-11 1981-01-13 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Steam generator arrangement
DE3207987A1 (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-09-15 Evt Energie- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Combustion chamber pipe lining
US4473035A (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-09-25 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Splitter-bifurcate arrangement for a vapor generating system utilizing angularly arranged furnace boundary wall fluid flow tubes
DE3525676A1 (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-01-22 Kraftwerk Union Ag STEAM GENERATOR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3030560B2 (en) 2000-04-10
EP0349767A1 (en) 1990-01-10
DK328489D0 (en) 1989-07-03
JPH0252903A (en) 1990-02-22
DE58904318D1 (en) 1993-06-17
DK328489A (en) 1990-01-07
US4953509A (en) 1990-09-04
DE3822804A1 (en) 1990-01-11
ES2040407T3 (en) 1993-10-16
ATE89387T1 (en) 1993-05-15

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