EP0349610B1 - Dispositif de forage de sondages essentiellement verticaux - Google Patents

Dispositif de forage de sondages essentiellement verticaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0349610B1
EP0349610B1 EP88909993A EP88909993A EP0349610B1 EP 0349610 B1 EP0349610 B1 EP 0349610B1 EP 88909993 A EP88909993 A EP 88909993A EP 88909993 A EP88909993 A EP 88909993A EP 0349610 B1 EP0349610 B1 EP 0349610B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
drives
hydraulic
drilling
guidance section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88909993A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0349610A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Peter Vogts
Albrecht Heinrichs
Peter Heinrichs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mhwirth GmbH
Original Assignee
Wirth Maschinen und Bohrgeraete Fabrik GmbH
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Publication of EP0349610A1 publication Critical patent/EP0349610A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/18—Anchoring or feeding in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/10—Correction of deflected boreholes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
    • E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
    • E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a known device of this type (DE-C-31 03 336) has, in addition to a tensioning device with clamping pieces arranged in two levels, which can be pushed out and retracted, an adjusting device with support members which can be moved inwards and outwards and which is separate from the tensioning device.
  • the setting device is located on a part that is movable relative to the tensioning device.
  • the support members of the adjusting device are arranged in a third plane at a distance from the two bracing levels.
  • the drilling tool can be rotated by means of a drill rod forming the supporting strand.
  • the object of the invention is to take particularly good account of the requirements of practice, in particular with regard to economy and safety, in a device for drilling substantially vertical bores, primarily large-hole bores.
  • the device should be controllable as effectively as possible in order to maintain or quickly restore the verticality of a bore. This is to be achieved without having to take any special precautions in an additional setting level.
  • the device should be suitable for use in different formations, e.g. can work in loose rock as well as in hard rock.
  • precautions should be taken to ensure that the device also in the event of difficulties, particularly in the area of the transmission of signals, control commands and the like. as well as the energy supply, must not be lost. Further problems connected with all of this, with which the invention is concerned, result from the respective explanation of the indicated solution.
  • the invention provides that the bracing device is at least partially designed as an adjusting device, that in at least one bracing plane each linear drive can be controlled on its own, that the linear drives are at least partially assigned distance measuring devices with display elements on the control station and that for the bracing device has a separate release device in addition to an actuation system.
  • Such a device is characterized by a number of essential advantages.
  • the fact that at least part of the tensioning device is at the same time designed as a device for setting the direction is unnecessary adjustment means on a part movable with the drilling tool in a third plane. This contributes significantly to operational safety and also opens up special work opportunities.
  • a separate release device for the tensioning device ensures that the device is not lost, but can be brought out of the borehole by means of the supporting strand if control lines, signal transmitters, energy supplies or other for the normal operation of the tensioning device in the tensioned state and / or adjusting device, necessary parts are defective or damaged, break or can no longer fulfill their function for other reasons.
  • bracing device as part of the adjusting device in only one of the two bracing levels at the same time.
  • both bracing levels for setting the direction of the guide part of the device. It is then expedient for all linear drives in the two bracing levels to be individually controllable and equipped with position measuring devices.
  • the device With the device, a versatile work and thus an adaptation to different needs is possible. It can in particular be carried out in such a way that the device is brought into a position hanging on the supporting strand with the drilling tool at a standstill, that the guide part of the device is first adjusted in the desired direction and that the final bracing then takes place while fixing the predetermined guide direction . It is also possible to change the setting and thus the drilling direction within certain limits even during drilling.
  • bracing levels are simultaneously designed as adjustment levels, there are particularly versatile possibilities for setting the direction of the guide part of the device.
  • the result is an exactly definable pivot point for the direction setting. This is of particular importance when drilling in loose rock if there is free space in the area of the drill head.
  • the clamping pieces in one bracing plane are offset from one another in the circumferential direction in relation to the clamping pieces in the other bracing plane.
  • This offset angle is advantageously half as large as the angle of the distance between the clamping pieces. If there are four clamping pieces in one plane, which are 90 ° apart, the offset angle is 45 °. This results in a very secure support and also a protection of the borehole wall, because there is no risk that the clamping pieces of one level when repositioning the device for the next drilling stroke will come to approximately the same point at which the clamping pieces of the other level have already applied .
  • a rope or a similar traction element can be provided as the supporting strand, on which the device is held for days.
  • a linkage as a supporting strand is particularly advantageous. Above all, such a linkage can form a conveying path for drilling material. This applies primarily to the implementation of the air lifting drilling method or other indirect rinsing drilling methods, for which the device is specially designed in appropriate training.
  • the load-bearing strand is a rope, a separate delivery line must be available for the drillings. In the case of a rod as a load-bearing strand, this can be driven in rotation from a device located above ground so that it transmits a torque to the drill head.
  • the linkage can in particular be non-rotating, in which case a drive for the drill head is arranged in the device.
  • the basic feature of the separate release device for the tensioning device is that with this device the tension is also released when the operating system normally provided for actuating the tensioning device and / or the setting device no longer enables a release from the tensioned state is. This can e.g. be the case when a signal or control line, a power cable or the like. broken, a switching element has failed or another impairment has occurred.
  • the separate release device can be designed in various ways depending on the other design of the device.
  • the release device has an energy store and at least one switching or control element for effecting the release process.
  • the energy store makes the device independent of an external energy supply, so that releasing the tension is still possible even if the device can no longer be supplied with energy from days, for example if the energy supply line has been destroyed by unexpected influences.
  • the training is in particular such that the switching or control element of the release device automatically causes the release process when predetermined conditions occur, for example in cases of the aforementioned type.
  • the energy from the memory can then immediately be supplied to those organs by means of which the tensioning of the guide part of the device can be released.
  • the separate release device expediently contains a hydraulic accumulator and a valve device, by means of which all the cylinder-piston units of the clamping system perform a radial inward movement for the release process the clamping pieces can be actuated.
  • the valve device has, in particular, a directional valve which can be automatically returned to a position suitable for effecting the release process.
  • a displacement measuring device is advantageously provided, by means of which the respective relative movement between the working part and the guide part can be detected. In this way, the condition in question or the current process can be checked well for days. Among other things, it is determined whether the guide part slips on the borehole wall, e.g. when slackening by means of the supporting strand.
  • a safety system is assigned to the position measuring device, in particular in the sense of a drive-over protection. This prevents the drill head from getting too deep at the lower end of the stroke. When moving, the risk of tearing is avoided. This will be dealt with in the further part of the description.
  • a displacement measuring device is advantageously assigned to at least one lifting drive, in particular in connection with a safety system to prevent undesired or improper movements and operating states and / or to effect processes or actuations of parts or systems of the device in such a way that damage or destruction are avoided. Explanations are also given in the following part of the description.
  • 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the device which is used to drill directed vertical bores, in particular using the so-called air lifting drilling method.
  • the device can work under water and is suitable for drilling holes with a diameter of, for example, 2100 mm, to depths that can be 1000 m and more.
  • the number 1 denotes a drilling tool in the form of a drilling head, or the like with roller chisels 2, cutting rollers. is provided.
  • the drilling head 1 is connected to a drive shaft 3, which in the advantageous embodiment shown can be rotated by means of a drive unit 18.
  • the latter can include one or more hydraulic motors.
  • the drive unit has an electrically driven power rotary head 19 with bearings.
  • a non-rotatable hollow rod 4 extends upward from the drive unit 18, along which air lines 11 run in this embodiment for carrying out the air lifting drilling method. These air lines 11 end in a connecting part 12, in which there are passages opening into the interior of the rod 4, such that the air supplied from above can enter the interior of the rod 4 at this point.
  • the drive shaft 3 forms a continuation of the linkage 4 via the power rotary head 19.
  • it is hollow and is connected to a suction nozzle or inlet channel 5 provided in the drill head 1.
  • a cable 6 also runs along the linkage 4 and is inserted into a pressure-tightly encapsulated distributor unit 7.
  • the cable 6 contains measurement, control and power supply lines, such as also the power supply for the drive unit 18 and for motors for driving pumps in a hydraulic system to be explained. Power, measuring and control lines leading from the distribution unit 7 to such and other units are only indicated schematically in FIG. 2 at the number 8.
  • the device contains an inclinometer 25 (FIG. 2) working in two measuring planes X and Y at an angle of 90 ° to one another, for example a so-called inclinometer.
  • This device 25 is connected via a measuring line 9 to the distribution unit 7 and via this to the cable 6 leading to a control station above ground. There it can thus be determined at any time whether or in which direction and by what amount the bore or its section produced differs from the vertical.
  • two parts can be distinguished, namely, on the one hand, a working part, identified overall by the number 21 and on the other hand, a guide part designated overall by the number 22.
  • the working part 21, which can also be referred to as an "inner kelly", includes, inter alia, a lower bearing system 15 for the drive shaft 3 with a connecting flange 20 for the drill head 1, said drive unit 18 and housing parts 17 with various internals. So in the working part 21 in addition to the distributor unit 7 and the inclinometer 25 load weights 13, containers for electrical and hydraulic components, a tank for a hydraulic medium, pumps and other parts are housed, which are still in the explanation of the operation of the device and the description of further details to be named.
  • the entire bearing system namely the lower bearing 15 and the upper bearing in the rotary head 19, is designed to be pressure-compensated with its lubricant supply. Due to the load weights 13 and the other components of the working part 21, at least a substantial part of the pressing force for the drilling head 1 is generated when working the same via the bearing system 15. If desired, an additional pressure force can be applied via the linkage 4 and / or other devices to be explained.
  • the guide part 22 which can also be referred to as an “outer cell”, has a casing or a housing 26 and contains a bracing device with linear drives 14 arranged in two bracing planes AE and BE, by means of which plate-like clamping pieces 10 can be moved radially outwards and inwards.
  • the load weights 13 are designed and mounted so that they interact with the guide part 22, to ensure proper directional guidance for the working part 21 in the tensioned operating state.
  • guide strips 16 made of a suitable material, which are either attached to the guide part 22 or its housing 26 or to the working part 21 or components thereof, for example to the load weights 13, and slide on surfaces on the opposite side in question.
  • guide strips 16 can each be provided at locations which are adjacent to the linear drives 14. They can extend over the entire length of the guide part 22 or, in particular, only be provided at the upper and lower ends. The latter is the case in the illustrated embodiment of the device.
  • two axial movement units 27 are provided parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the device (FIGS. 2, 4 and 8), hereinafter referred to as lifting drives, by means of which the guide part 22 and the working part 21 relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the device are displaceable. (The section in FIG. 2 is such that only one of these lifting drives can be seen there.)
  • the linear drives 14 of the upper bracing plane AE used to extend and retract the clamping pieces 10 can be offset in relation to those of the lower bracing plane BE in the circumferential direction by 45 ° to one another, as can be seen in FIG. 1, or can also be arranged one above the other without such an offset, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Hydraulic cylinder-piston units are provided as linear drives in the advantageous exemplary embodiment shown, which are referred to below as hydraulic units for the sake of simplicity.
  • the invention is not limited to such hydraulic units. Rather, all types of linear drives can be provided that are suitable for the function. The same applies to the linear drives 27.
  • FIG. 5 are the hydraulic units A1, A2, A3, A4 of the upper bracing plane AE and in the left outer part of FIG. 5 the hydraulic units B1, B2, B3, B4 of the lower bracing plane BE (with Displacement by 45 ° in the circumferential direction, see Fig. 1).
  • the inclination measuring device is illustrated by the number 25 with a dash-dotted boundary, the measurement in the two planes X and Y being indicated by the symbolic representation of a pendulum in side and front view.
  • dash-dotted delimitation is part of a control station ST located at a suitable point above ground with various display and actuation or. Tax organs shown.
  • hydraulic lines are each drawn with solid lines and electrical signal or control lines are each drawn with dashed lines.
  • the number 23 indicates plug connections or other detachable connections in these lines.
  • Hydraulic fluid can be conveyed from a tank 30 through a suction line 31 by means of a pump 34 which can be driven by a controllable motor 33 via a line 32 in two lines 35 and 36.
  • the line 15 leads to a distributor block VA for the upper bracing plane AE and the line 36 to a distributor block VB for the lower bracing plane BE.
  • hydraulic lines 41, 42, 43, 44 lead from the solenoid valves in the distributor block VA to the large cylinder spaces A11 of the units of the upper level AE and likewise from the solenoid valves in the distributor block VB hydraulic lines 51, 52, 53, 54 to the large ones Cylinder rooms B11 of the lower level BE.
  • the small cylinder spaces A12 of the units of the upper level AE are connected by individual lines to a common line 45 going to the distributor block VA.
  • the small cylinder spaces B12 of the units of the lower level BE are connected by individual lines to a common line 55 going to the distributor block VB.
  • Numbers 46 and 56 designate outflow lines leading from the distributor blocks VA and VB to the tank 10.
  • each clamping piece 10 can be moved individually radially outwards, that is to say can be extended, while on the other hand all clamping pieces 10 can be moved together or simultaneously radially inwards in each level, that is to say they can be inserted can.
  • the person skilled in the art has the necessary hydraulic and electrical components with their circuit options available, so that there is no need to go into them in detail here.
  • control switches AS1, AS2, AS3, AS4 for the units A1 to A4 of the upper level AE and control switches BS1, BS2, BS3, BS4 for the units B1 to B4 of the lower level BE, by means of which each of the units for itself can be operated in the sense of extending.
  • Control switches AR and BR serve to actuate the units of each level in the sense of the common retraction.
  • ABS further control switch
  • Each unit A1 to A4 of the upper level AE and each unit B1 to B4 of the lower level BE is assigned a displacement measuring device, by means of which the path covered by the clamping pieces 10 or their piston rods or other parts connected therewith is detected and separately for each unit can be displayed on the control station ST for days on analog or digital display instruments G1 to G4. With appropriate calibration of the displacement measuring devices, the radial position of each clamping piece measured from a reference position can be read directly from these instruments.
  • transducers 47 which are connected to a processing unit 48 via signal lines. From this, a signal cable 49 leads to the above-mentioned display instruments G1 to G4.
  • the contact pressure can therefore be selected individually for each unit in accordance with the requirements and conditions, taking into account the pressure display. This is particularly important when drilling in different formations. For example, when penetrating loose layers, the contact pressure should be lower than in the hard rock.
  • the path measuring and display system 47 to 49, G1 to G4 in FIG. 5 is only for the upper level AE and the pressure measuring and display system 57 to 62, P1, P2 is only for the lower level BE reproduced.
  • P1, P2 is only for the lower level BE reproduced.
  • the inclination measuring device 25 is connected via lines 24 to display instruments NX and NY at the control station ST, so that the inclination of the device in the X-plane and in the Y-plane can be read with positive or negative values at any time.
  • the number 66 in FIG. 5 indicates actuators for the lifting drives 27 for displacing the guide part 22 and the working part 21 relative to one another.
  • These stroke drives 27 are also advantageously assigned displacement measuring devices with display instruments 67 on the control station ST, so that the work of the same can also be checked there. An advantageous training will be explained further below.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device in which a separate release device is provided for the tensioning device in addition to an actuation system. At the same time, this figure also shows other parts of an actuation system. Parts which are the same as or correspond to those of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 have the same reference numerals as there.
  • the delivery line 32 of the pump 34 is connected on the one hand via an adjustable pressure relief valve 70 to the lines 35 and 36 leading to the distribution blocks VA and VB, so that pressure medium can flow to the distribution blocks as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the delivery line 32 is via a check valve 71 with a leading to a solenoid valve 72 Line 73 connected.
  • a hydraulic pressure accumulator 75 and a pressure switch 76 are connected to the latter via a line 74 and, when a predeterminable pressure in the pressure accumulator 75 is reached, emits a signal which is used in a manner to be explained.
  • the solenoid valve 72 is not in the position shown in FIG. 6, but in the other of its two possible positions. It is held in this position until either a conscious switchover of the valve into the position shown is effected from the control position ST or until it is automatically transferred into this position when certain predetermined conditions occur.
  • pressure medium can flow from the pressure accumulator 75 via a line 81 and a check valve 82 to a manifold 83, to which the small cylinder spaces A12 of the units A1 to A4 of the upper level AE are connected.
  • pressure medium can flow via a line 91 and a check valve 92 to a collecting line 93, to which the small cylinder spaces B12 of the units B1 to B4 of the lower level BE are connected.
  • a line 84 and 94 is also connected to each manifold 83 and 93, in which an unlockable check valve 85 and 95 is arranged.
  • These lines 84 and 94 come from solenoid valves which are located in the distributor block VA and VB and have connections to the pressure lines 35 and 36 and to the outflow lines 46 and 56 to the tank 30.
  • hydraulic lines 41 to 44 lead from the distributor block VA for the upper level AE to the large cylinder spaces A11 of the units A1 to A4 of the upper level AE.
  • these Lines are each unlockable check valves 41a to 44a (Fig. 6), of which a common switching line 88 leads to a shuttle valve 77.
  • the hydraulic lines 41 to 44 start from the solenoid valves accommodated in the distributor block VA, which can be added to the solenoid valves generally designated MA in FIG. 5 and which each have connections to the pressure line 35 and to the outflow line 46 to the tank 30.
  • These solenoid valves can be actuated individually from the control station, specifically via control switches, as are also shown in FIG.
  • check valves 105 to 108 leading lines From the hydraulic lines 41 to 44 lead to check valves 105 to 108 leading lines. These check valves are connected on their outlet sides to an actuating line 109 leading to the unblockable check valve 85 in order to open it and thus allow hydraulic fluid to flow out of one or more of the small cylinder spaces A12 of the units A1 to A4, if one or more of the large cylinder spaces A11 is supplied by actuating one or more of the solenoid valves pressure medium in order to extend the clamping piece 10 in question.
  • the pressure in a line 112 branching from line 111 also adjusts the shuttle valve 77, which is also connected to the latter, so that pressure medium can flow via the switching line 88 to the unblockable non-return valves 41a to 44a, in order to pass them from the large cylinder spaces A11 forth and then open through the valves of the valve block VA to the outflow line 46, so that an unpressurized outflow of hydraulic fluid can take place in this way.
  • valves corresponding to the check valves 105 to 108 of the upper level AE are designated by the numbers 115 to 118 in the lower level BE.
  • a separate release device for the tensioning device is provided. This comes into operation under predeterminable conditions, in particular if lines break on the way from the control station to the device or in the device itself, and advantageously also when a switch or other suitable actuating element is triggered manually.
  • the coil 72a of the solenoid valve 72 is energized as a result of the current being supplied via the electrical line 78, so that the solenoid valve 72 is located in a different way from the position shown in FIG. 6 in the other of the two possible positions in which the lines are 81 and 91 are connected to the tank.
  • the aforementioned electrical line 78 is interrupted, for example by damage to the cable containing this line, for example the cable 6 running along the linkage 4 (FIG. 2). So that the solenoid 72a of the valve 72 is de-energized, so that this or the like under the action of a loading spring. is automatically transferred to the position shown in the drawing.
  • the solenoid valves of the valve block VA are each spring-loaded, so that they automatically return to the drawn position both in the event of an intended shutdown and in the event of a power failure.
  • An electrical shutdown can also be effected automatically as a function of another process, in particular as a function of the coil of the solenoid valve 72 becoming de-energized.
  • the check valves 41a to 44a for the backflow of the hydraulic fluid from the large cylinder spaces A11 of the units A1 to A4 in turn is unlocked by supplying pressure medium to line 88, and now pressure medium from memory 75, which reaches switch line 88 via line 113 branching from line 81 and shuttle valve 77.
  • This process takes place in both bracing levels AE and BE at the same time, regardless of how the hydraulic units are operated or controlled in each level, either individually or in one level.
  • the pressure switch 76 (FIG. 6) mentioned above can first of all serve to cause a signal on a display device 114 at the control station ST (FIG. 5) for days to indicate that the memory 75 is in the desired manner the specified pressure is filled.
  • the pressure switch is still advantageously used to block or prevent certain switching operations or operating functions until the specified storage pressure is reached.
  • the design is such that the clamping pieces 10 in the two levels AE and BE can only be extended when the memory 75 is properly filled. This can be achieved by a simple electrical circuit, for which the person skilled in the art has the means at his disposal. This ensures that work on the device in the drilling insert is only just beginning can be when the security release device has reached its operational state.
  • a first state is assumed in which, after a stroke has been drilled, a deviation in front of the desired axis by a certain amount Y and thus by a certain angle has occurred. This is indicated on the control station ST on the devices NX and NY with corresponding values.
  • the tension is released, i.e. the clamping pieces 10 are retracted.
  • the device is raised somewhat by means of the rod 4 so that the drill head 1 is at a short distance from the bottom of the borehole. If there is a relatively large deviation from the desired direction, the device cannot hang completely freely in the borehole, rather the drill head lies on one side against the borehole wall.
  • the clamping pieces 10 are then first extended by different amounts with the aid of the control in accordance with the respective measured value display so that the device assumes the desired position, whereupon the bracing is then effected in this position.
  • the circumstances allow the device to be adjusted and braced not only perpendicularly, but in the opposite direction to the deviation, with the aid of the control, in accordance with the respective measured value display.
  • the drill head is on the desired axis.
  • the device is now set again vertically and braced, so that its axis coincides with the target axis. Then you can drill in the vertical direction.
  • the device hangs freely in the borehole when the drill head is lifted off the bottom of the borehole without the drill head resting on any side of the borehole wall, and that the longitudinal axis of the device coincides with the desired axis.
  • the device is equipped with lifting drives 27, by means of which the guide part 22 and the working part 21 can be displaced relative to one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the device.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of the device such lifting drives together with other advantageous features.
  • the lifting drives 27 are designed as hydraulic cylinder-piston units arranged parallel to one another. But it is also possible Depending on the circumstances and requirements, to select other types of drives for performing linear movements, such as electric motors with rack and pinion gear or the like. As can be seen in FIG. 7, cylinders 121 are held here with pivot pins 122 on bearing blocks 123 which are fastened to the working part 21. The ends of the piston rods 124 are connected to brackets 126 on the guide part 22 via pivot pins 125.
  • the lifting drives 27 can only serve as catch-up devices in order to support the lowering of the guide part 22 into the starting position for a new drilling stroke after the completion of a drilling stroke. But they can also be designed as feed devices to increase the pressure force of the drill head during drilling. Depending on the requirements, the linear actuators can be single-acting or double-acting.
  • the pressure medium supply for the cylinder-piston units is not particularly shown in the drawing. It can be done from the hydraulic unit housed in the working part 21 of the device, with the control station ST for days using switches 66 or the like. (Fig. 5) to be actuated solenoid valves are available, via which the cylinders 121 of the units 27 can be supplied with pressure medium in the desired manner. Components similar to the units of the bracing devices can therefore be provided.
  • the device is equipped with a path measuring system for detecting the relative movement between working part 21 and guide part 22. In principle, this can be arranged at any point where such a distance measurement is possible.
  • a displacement measuring system is provided at least on a linear actuator. 7 shows a displacement measuring head 127 on the cylinder-piston unit 27 on the left in this figure.
  • Displacement measuring devices for hydraulic cylinders are known to the person skilled in the art available per se, so that details of the same need not be discussed in more detail here. Such devices can work in particular without contact or with indirect scanning, for example inductively.
  • a signal line 128 leads to a central command unit 129, from which a line, not shown, goes to the display instrument 67 at the control station ST (FIG. 5), so that here the size of the relative movement between the working part 21 and the guide part is always present 22 or the respective position of the working part can be determined relative to the guide part.
  • a safety system is linked to the lifting drives 27 and the clamping device for the clamping pieces 10. This serves among other things to prevent damage to the device in the event of incorrect actuation or improper operating conditions.
  • the path that the working part and the guide part can execute relative to one another and which at least essentially corresponds to the drilling stroke is determined by the maximum working stroke of the cylinder-piston units 27.
  • This path be exceeded, e.g. characterized in that the working part 21 with the guide part 22 clamped by means of the linkage 4 when the units 27 are extended beyond their stroke end or pulled upwards when the units are retracted, this would result in damage or destruction to the parts of the device, to the drill head or to Linkage.
  • the basic idea of the safety system is that the tensioning of the guide part 22 is automatically released when there is a risk of the permissible relative path between the working part 21 and the guide part 22 being exceeded.
  • at least one reporting point is pre-selected in the lifting drive 27 Distance before a stroke end, especially at the extension stroke, is provided, when it is reached, a warning signal is given on a display device at the control station, so that the operator is made aware that he switch off the drill head drive and / or release the tension of the guide part got to. If there is no reaction to the warning signal, the drill head drive 18 is automatically switched off and the tensioning device is automatically released after a predetermined distance.
  • the drill head drive is switched off when the appropriate signal is given by suitable components available to the person skilled in the art in the control system for the drive, for example in the case of electric drill head motors with the aid of electrical switching elements and in the case of hydraulic drill head motors via valves or switching off a pump motor .
  • the tensioning of the guide part is released by control elements suitable for them.
  • the command issued by the safety system can be used to actuate the solenoid valves provided for normal operation, or the command from the safety system can be used to separate the release device with transfer of the solenoid valve 72 to that shown in FIG. 6 shown position are triggered.
  • the number 130 denotes a unit which contains, among other things, the manifold blocks VA and VB with the various valves and other components, the signal connection between the command unit 129 and the unit 130 by a line 131 and by several lines the connections to the linear drives 14 of the two bracing levels AE and BE are indicated.
  • the drill head drive when the release device for the tensioning device becomes effective, the drill head drive is also switched off for the sake of safety.
  • the number 132 indicates a switching line leading from the command unit 129 to the drive unit 18.
  • the safety system only needs to issue a command to release the tension and switch off the drill head drive at the same time.
  • a manual shutdown with retraction of the clamping pieces 10 can be effected by the already mentioned switch ABS at the control station ST (FIG. 5).
  • the training can also be made such that a further reporting point is provided between a first reporting point for emitting a warning signal and the end of the stroke, upon reaching which the tension is then immediately released and the drill head drive is switched off.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de forage de sondages essentiellement verticaux comprend une partie de guidage (22) qui peut être fixée à la paroi du sondage au moyen d'un dispositif de serrage et une partie de travail (21) avec un outil de forage (1) mobile par rapport à la partie de guidage (22). Le dispositif de serrage comprend des tendeurs (10) radialement mobiles sur deux plans de serrage (AE, BE) au moyen d'entraînements linéaires (14) et forme au moins en partie un dispositif d'ajustement de la partie de guidage (22) dans un sens prédéterminable, afin de maintenir ou de rétablir rapidement la verticalité du sondage. Chaque entraînement linéaire (14) peut être indépendamment commandé sur au moins un plan de serrage. Des capteurs de déplacement (47) sont reliés au moins en partie aux entraînements linéaires (14). Le dispositif de serrage comprend outre le système d'actionnement un agencement séparé de détachement (72, 74, 75, 82, ou 92, 83 or 93).

Claims (21)

1. Dispositif de fonçage de trous de forage, notamment trous de forage de grand diamètre, puits et analogues, pratiquement verticaux, comportant, d'une part, un ensemble qui est agencé de façon à pouvoir être suspendu à une ligne de support pour travailler dans le trou de forage et qui comprend, en premier lieu, un trépan agencé de façon à pouvoir être entraîné en rotation, en deuxième lieu, une partie de guidage agencée de façon à pouvoir être immobilisée sur la paroi du trou de forage en vue de l'exécution de l'opération de forage et comportant un dispositif de serrage qui comprend, dans chacun de deux plans de serrage espacés l'un de l'autre dans la direction longitudinal du dispositif, plusieurs pièces de serrage agencées de façon à pouvoir être déplacées radialement vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur au moyen d'entraînements rectilignes et de façon à pouvoir être appliquées sur la paroi du trou de forage, en troisième lieu, une partie de travail agencée de façon à pouvoir être déplacée, conjointement avec le trépan, par rapport à la partie de guidage et dans la direction du forage et, en quatrième lieu, un dispositif de réglage en position comportant des moyens de mesure et de réglage et servant à régler la partie de guidage en position dans une direction fixée à l'avance et, l'autre part, des moyens de transmission de signaux, agencés de façon à pouvoir être reliés à des éléments d'affichage et d'actionnement disposés sur un poste de commande ou analogue situé au jour, et un dispositif d'évacuation vers le haut de la matière extraite par le forage, caractérisé par les particularités suivantes :
- le dispositif de serrage (10, 14) constitue en même temps, au moins partiellement, le dispositif de réglage en position,
- dans au moins l'un des plans de serrage (AE, BE), chaque entraînement rectiligne (14) est agencé de façon à pouvoir être commandé d'une manière indépendante,
- des dispositifs de mesure de déplacement (47), comportant des éléments d'affichage (G1 à G4) disposés sur le poste de commande (ST), sont associés au moins partiellement aux entraînements rectilignes (14) et
- un dispositif séparé de desserrage (72, 74, 75, 82 ou 92, 83 ou 93) est prévu pour le dispositif de serrage (10, 14) en sus d'un système d'actionnement (AS1 à AS4, VA ; BS1 à BS4, VB).
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que tous les entraînement rectilignes (14) situés dans les deux plans de serrage (AE, BE) sont agencés de façon à pouvoir être commandés d'une manière indépendante et sont équipés de dispositifs de mesure de déplacement (47).
3. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de support est un train de tiges (4) non rotatif et en ce que, dans la partie de travail (21), il est prévu un entraînement en rotation (18) pour le trépan (1).
4. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en tant que ligne de support, il est prévu un train de tiges au moyen duquel le trépan (1) peut être entraîné en rotation.
5. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en tant que ligne de support, il est prévu un câble ou analogue.
6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé de façon à mettre en oeuvre un procédé de fonçage à chasse indirecte.
7. Dispositif suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la ligne de support (4) est réalisée sous la forme d'un dispositif de transport de la matière extraite par le forage.
8. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que des dispositifs dynamométriques ou manométriques (59, 60) sont associés à au moins une partie des entraînements rectilignes (14).
9. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séparé de desserrage prévu pour le dispositif de serrage comprend un accumulateur d'énergie (75) et au moins un organe de commutation ou de commande (72, ABS) servant à exécuter l'opération de desserrage.
10. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séparé de desserrage (72, 75) est agencé en vue d'une exécution automatique de l'opération de desserrage lors de l'apparition de conditions fixées à l'avance.
11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une condition prévue pour l'exécution automatique de l'opération de desserrage est constituée par une défaillance d'organes de transmission de signaux et/ou d'énergie (6, 7, 8, 9, 78).
12. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé par une agencement (76) qui n'assure un actionnement du dispositif de serrage de la partie de guidage (22) dans le sens du serrage que lorsque l'accumulateur d'énergie (75) est plein.
13. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 12, comprenant un dispositif hydraulique de serrage comportant des vérins en tant qu'entraînements rectilignes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif séparé de desserrage comprend un accumulateur hydraulique (75) et une soupape (72) au moyen de laquelle tous les vérins (A1 à A4 ; B1 à B4) peuvent être actionnés dans le sens d'un déplacement radial des pièces de serrage (10) vers l'intérieur en vue de l'opération de desserrage.
14. Dispositif suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la soupape est une soupape à plusieurs voies (72) agencée de façon à pouvoir être rappelée automatiquement à une position appropriée pour l'exécution de l'opération de desserrage.
15. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé par un dispositif de mesure de déplacement (127, 129) prévu pour le déplacement relatif entre la partie de travail (21) et la partie de guidage (22).
16. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé par un système de sécurité au moyen duquel des opérations de commande ou d'actionnement peuvent être déclenchées lors du franchissement de positions relatives, pouvant être fixées à l'avance, de la partie de travail (21) et de la partie de guidage (22).
17. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé par des entraînements d'exécution de course (27) au moyen desquels la pièce de guidage (22) et la pièce de travail (21) peuvent être déplacée en translation l'une par rapport à l'autre suivant la direction de l'axe longitudinal (L) du dispositif.
18. Dispositif suivant la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que des dispositifs de mesure de déplacement suivant l'une des revendications 15 et 16 sont associés aux entraînements d'exécution de course (27).
19. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 17 et 18, caractérisé en ce que les entraînements d'exécution de course (27) sont agencés exclusivement pour un rappel en position de la pièce de guidage (22).
20. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 17 et 18, caractérisé en ce que les entraînements d'exécution de course (27) sont réalisés sous la forme de dispositifs d'avancement.
21. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de serrage (10) situées dans l'un des plans de serrage (AE) et celles (10) situées dans l'autre plan de serrage (BE) sont décalées d'un certain angle les unes par rapport aux autres suivant la direction périphérique.
EP88909993A 1987-12-09 1988-12-01 Dispositif de forage de sondages essentiellement verticaux Expired - Lifetime EP0349610B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873741717 DE3741717A1 (de) 1987-12-09 1987-12-09 Vorrichtung zum niederbringen von im wesentlichen vertikalen bohrungen
DE3741717 1987-12-09

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EP0349610A1 EP0349610A1 (fr) 1990-01-10
EP0349610B1 true EP0349610B1 (fr) 1992-02-05

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EP (1) EP0349610B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2715588A (fr)
DE (2) DE3741717A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989005391A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA889243B (fr)

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EP3363987A1 (fr) 2017-02-20 2018-08-22 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Dispositif de forage et procédé de forage destiné à produire un puits

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DE4017761A1 (de) * 1990-06-01 1991-12-05 Eastman Christensen Co Bohrwerkzeug zum abteufen von bohrungen in unterirdische gesteinsformationen
SE501283C2 (sv) * 1993-05-06 1995-01-09 Lars Sterner Bergborrmaskin
US5752572A (en) * 1996-09-10 1998-05-19 Inco Limited Tractor for remote movement and pressurization of a rock drill
US6142245A (en) * 1997-08-19 2000-11-07 Shell Oil Company Extended reach drilling system
US6464003B2 (en) 2000-05-18 2002-10-15 Western Well Tool, Inc. Gripper assembly for downhole tractors
AU2004291578B2 (en) * 2003-11-20 2009-07-23 Redpath Canada Limited Earth boring apparatus for sinking shafts and method of excavating a shaft
SE533284C2 (sv) 2008-10-31 2010-08-10 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Förfarande, roterbart skärhuvud, anordning och rigg för drivning av tunnlar, orter, schakt eller liknande
US9191997B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2015-11-17 Gentherm Gmbh Electrical conductor
CN102268964A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2011-12-07 温州东瓯建设集团有限公司 钻孔桩钻孔纠偏导向装置以及配置该导向装置的桩机钻杆
SE537425C2 (sv) 2011-09-27 2015-04-28 Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab Anordning och förfarande för drivning av tunnlar, orter eller liknande
US9447648B2 (en) 2011-10-28 2016-09-20 Wwt North America Holdings, Inc High expansion or dual link gripper
BE1020365A4 (nl) 2012-01-02 2013-08-06 Geosea N V Inrichting en werkwijze voor het boren van schachten in een uit rots, klei en/of aanverwante materialen bestaande ondergrond.
US9488020B2 (en) 2014-01-27 2016-11-08 Wwt North America Holdings, Inc. Eccentric linkage gripper
CN108005580B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2023-10-20 中国地质大学（北京） 一种在垂直姿态下零造斜的静态机械式自动垂直钻具
EP4069942A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2022-10-12 Herrenknecht AG Dispositif de fonçage d'un trou de forage vertical
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EP3363987A1 (fr) 2017-02-20 2018-08-22 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Dispositif de forage et procédé de forage destiné à produire un puits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0349610A1 (fr) 1990-01-10
DE3741717A1 (de) 1989-06-29
DE3868322D1 (de) 1992-03-19
WO1989005391A1 (fr) 1989-06-15
ZA889243B (en) 1989-08-30
AU2715588A (en) 1989-07-05

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