EP0344741B1 - Advancing device for feeding sheet metal to a stamping tool - Google Patents
Advancing device for feeding sheet metal to a stamping tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0344741B1 EP0344741B1 EP89109812A EP89109812A EP0344741B1 EP 0344741 B1 EP0344741 B1 EP 0344741B1 EP 89109812 A EP89109812 A EP 89109812A EP 89109812 A EP89109812 A EP 89109812A EP 0344741 B1 EP0344741 B1 EP 0344741B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- advancing
- feed
- sheet
- bars
- bar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/02—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool
- B21D43/04—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work
- B21D43/10—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work by grippers
- B21D43/11—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work by grippers for feeding sheet or strip material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/02—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool
- B21D43/04—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work
- B21D43/10—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work by grippers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a feed device for feeding sheet metal sheets to at least one stationary punching tool, with which blanks are punched out of the sheet metal sheets, with a feed beam that can be moved in the feed direction on a conveyor table and has collet chucks that grip the sheet metal sheets and that can be moved on the feed beam transversely to the feed direction .
- the supply of metal sheets to a punching device with such a feed bar is known.
- the feed bar regularly contains a spindle driven by a separate motor, with which the collets can be moved step by step, so that they move the metal sheet into the desired punching position under the punching tool.
- the bar itself is mounted on a spindle parallel to the conveying direction, which also drives it step by step, thus determining the punching position in the conveying direction.
- the punching out of boards can be connected to a pressing process, for example in order to produce the can lid which is already shaped. Die-cutting of blanks is also required for box bodies, if they are deep-drawn to be manufactured.
- Punching out blanks from a sheet has the advantage of a high level of utilization of the sheet with little waste due to the remaining grid of the sheet.
- the metal sheet With the feed bar, the metal sheet is positioned step by step in the conveying direction and transversely to it, so that the desired blanks are punched out. If such a sheet is processed, the feed bar moves back and takes a new sheet. During this return movement, the continuously driven punch performs an idle stroke. This idle stroke naturally reduces the effectiveness of the punch.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a feed device of the type mentioned at the outset that punching is possible without an idle stroke.
- each feed beam is alternately responsible for every second sheet of metal.
- the first feed bar When the first feed bar has completed the movements for punching out the complete sheet, it swivels up so that it does not hinder the feed of the other feed bar when moving against the conveying direction.
- the next sheet of metal can therefore be conveyed directly into the punching tool by the second feed beam during the next stroke.
- the feed of the sheet metal with two feed bars ensures optimal use of the punch, since there is no need to run with an idle stroke.
- the swiveling movement of the feed beam during the backward movement is preferably controlled by a hydraulic cylinder acting on the beam.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 The processing sequence from right to left is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a lifting table 1 On the right side there is a lifting table 1, which carries a stack of metal sheets 2.
- the uppermost sheet metal plate 2 is gripped by four suction cups 3 and advanced through roller nips 4, 5 onto a conveyor table 6.
- two feed bars 7, 8 move both parallel to the longitudinal axis 9 and stepwise transversely thereto.
- the feed bars 7, 8 each grip a metal sheet 2 on the rear edge seen in the conveying direction with collets 21 and thus ensure a gradual advance of the metal sheets 2 both in the axial direction and stepwise transversely thereto in order to punch out the blanks 10 by means of a punching tool 11.
- Figure 2 shows that in the exemplary embodiment shown, oval boards 10 are punched and that twelve boards are punched from a metal sheet 2, four boards being punched out side by side over the width of the metal sheet 2.
- two punching tools 11 are used, which have a free spacing of a board width.
- scrap shears 12 are arranged which, after the sheet metal sheet 2 has been advanced, sever the row of bars which have been punched out.
- the cut off are on a conveyor belt 13 Grid strips are transported away to the side to save space.
- the cut blanks 10 are then transported step by step into a transfer press 14 which has three different drawing tools 15, 16, 17 arranged one behind the other for carrying out a three-stage drawing process.
- the flanged edges of the deep-drawn cans produced in this way are trimmed in a work station 18.
- the deep-drawn, preferably conical cans can then be removed and stacked.
- feed bars 7, 8 have the advantage that the punching can be done without an idle stroke.
- the feed bars 7, 8 are fed by motors 26, each of which drives a spindle 26 '.
- the two feed bars 7, 8 are supported on different sides and overlap the conveyor table 6 in a free-floating manner. They are both mounted so that they can be tilted to enable the other feed bars 7, 8 to be fed into the punching tool 11 when the sheet metal plate 2 is gripped.
- Both the punch 11 and the drawing tools 15, 16, 17 are driven via a common eccentric shaft 19 which is mounted in the machine frame 20 of the device.
- FIG. 3 shows the two feed bars 7, 8, which are each mounted with a guide block 19 'in a guide 20' of the conveyor table 6.
- the guide block 19 ' overlaps a rod 25 on the longitudinal side of the conveyor table 6, which serves as a tilt axis for a tilting movement of the feed bars 7, 8, which is indicated by dashed lines for the feed bar 8 in FIG. 3.
- Each feed bar 7, 8 has on its with the guide block 19 'provided end of a motor 22 which rotates a spindle inside the guide beam, on which spindle nuts of the collets 21 are mounted, so that the lateral position of the collets 21 is adjustable by the rotation of the motor 22.
- the guide block 19 ' also overlaps with corresponding spindle nuts 23 the spindles 13' which cause the respective feed beam 7, 8 to be displaced or in the opposite direction to the conveying direction.
- the feed bars 7, 8 are tilted up by a hydraulic cylinder 24, which is articulated to the underside of the guide block 19 '.
- the dashed-up position of the feed bar 8 shown in dashed lines during its return movement permits the trouble-free advancement of a metal sheet 2 through the feed bar 7 into the punching tool 11, without this having to carry out an idle stroke.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorschubeinrichtung zum Zuführen von Blechtafeln zu wenigstens einem stationären Stanzwerkzeug, mit dem aus den Blechtafeln Platinen ausgestanzt werden, mit einem in Vorschubrichtung auf einem Fördertisch verfahrbaren, einseitig gelagerten Vorschubbalken mit die Blechtafeln ergreifenden Spannzangen, die am Vorschubbalken quer zur Vorschubrichtung verfahrbar sind.The invention relates to a feed device for feeding sheet metal sheets to at least one stationary punching tool, with which blanks are punched out of the sheet metal sheets, with a feed beam that can be moved in the feed direction on a conveyor table and has collet chucks that grip the sheet metal sheets and that can be moved on the feed beam transversely to the feed direction .
Die Zuführung von Blechtafeln zu einer Stanzeinrichtung mit einem derartigen Vorschubbalken ist bekannt. Dabei enthält der Vorschubbalken regelmäßig eine durch einen separaten Motor angetriebene Spindel, mit der die Spannzangen schrittweise verfahrbar sind, so daß sie die Blechtafel in die gewünschte Stanzposition unter dem Stanzwerkzeug verbringen. Der Balken selbst ist an einer parallel zur Förderrichtung liegenden Spindel gelagert, die ihn ebenfalls schrittweise antreibt und so die Stanzposition in Förderrichtung bestimmt. Das Ausstanzen von Platinen kann mit einem Preßvorgang verbunden sein, beispielsweise um gleich fertig geformten Dosendeckel herzustellen. Die Ausstanzung von Platinen wird aber auch für Dosenkörper benötigt, wenn diese im Tiefziehverfahren hergestellt werden sollen.The supply of metal sheets to a punching device with such a feed bar is known. The feed bar regularly contains a spindle driven by a separate motor, with which the collets can be moved step by step, so that they move the metal sheet into the desired punching position under the punching tool. The bar itself is mounted on a spindle parallel to the conveying direction, which also drives it step by step, thus determining the punching position in the conveying direction. The punching out of boards can be connected to a pressing process, for example in order to produce the can lid which is already shaped. Die-cutting of blanks is also required for box bodies, if they are deep-drawn to be manufactured.
Das Ausstanzen von Platinen aus einer Blechtafel hat den Vorteil eines hohen Ausnutzungsgrades des Bleches mit einem geringen Abfall durch das verbleibende Gitter der Blechtafel. Mit den Vorschubbalken wird die Blechtafel unter dem Stanzwerkzeug schrittweise in Förderrichtung und quer dazu positioniert, so daß die gewünschten Platinen ausgestanzt werden. Ist eine derartige Blechtafel abgearbeitet, verfährt der Vorschubbalken zurück und ergreift eine neue Blechtafel. Während dieser Rückfahrbewegung übt die kontinuierlich angetriebene Stanze einen Leerhub aus. Dieser Leerhub reduziert naturgemäß die Effektivität der Stanze.Punching out blanks from a sheet has the advantage of a high level of utilization of the sheet with little waste due to the remaining grid of the sheet. With the feed bar, the metal sheet is positioned step by step in the conveying direction and transversely to it, so that the desired blanks are punched out. If such a sheet is processed, the feed bar moves back and takes a new sheet. During this return movement, the continuously driven punch performs an idle stroke. This idle stroke naturally reduces the effectiveness of the punch.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorschubeinrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu auszubilden, daß das Stanzen ohne Leerhub möglich ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a feed device of the type mentioned at the outset that punching is possible without an idle stroke.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorschubeinrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, daß ein zweiter Vorschubbalken vorgesehen ist, daß beide Vorschubbalken auf jeweils einer anderen Längsseite des Vorschubtisches einseitig gelagert sind und daß beide Vorschubbalken jeweils um ein mit seiner Achse in Förderrichtung zeigendes Drehgelenk hochschwenkbar sind.This object is achieved in a feed device of the type mentioned in the introduction in that a second feed bar is provided, that both feed bars are supported on one side on each other on the longitudinal side of the feed table and that both feed bars can each be swiveled up about a swivel joint with its axis pointing in the conveying direction.
Erfindungsgemäß ist jeder Vorschubbalken abwechselnd für jede zweite Blechtafel zuständig. Hat der erste Vorschubbalken die Bewegungen für die Ausstanzung der kompletten Blechtafel vollendet, schwenkt er hoch, so daß er bei einer Bewegung entgegen der Förderrichtung den Vorschub des anderen Vorschubbalkens nicht behindert. Die nachfolgende Blechtafel kann daher unmittelbar beim nächsten Hub durch den zweiten Vorschubbalken vorgefördert in das Stanzwerkzeug gelangen. Der Vorschub der Blechtafeln mit zwei Vorschubbalken sichert eine optimale Ausnutzung der Stanze, da nicht mit einem Leerhub gefahren werden muß.According to the invention, each feed beam is alternately responsible for every second sheet of metal. When the first feed bar has completed the movements for punching out the complete sheet, it swivels up so that it does not hinder the feed of the other feed bar when moving against the conveying direction. The next sheet of metal can therefore be conveyed directly into the punching tool by the second feed beam during the next stroke. The feed of the sheet metal with two feed bars ensures optimal use of the punch, since there is no need to run with an idle stroke.
Zur Ermöglichung der Rückwärtsbewegung des Vorschubbalkens in eine Ausgangsstellung, in der der Vorschubbalken eine neue Blechtafel ergreift, wird durch das Hochschwenken des jeweils rückwärtsbewegten Vorschubbalkens ermöglicht. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Vorschubbalken über die gesamte Breite der Blechtafel zu erstrecken und so eine stabile und präzise Positionierung der jeweiligen Blechtafel unter dem Stanzwerkzeug zu gewährleisten. Eine kürze Ausbildung des Vorschubbalkens, bei der die beiden Vorschubbalken ohne eine Schwenkbewegung aneinander vorbeifahren könnten, würde diese Sicherheit nicht gewährleisten.To enable the feed bar to move backwards into a starting position, in which the feed bar grips a new sheet of metal, the pivoting of the feed bar, which is moved backwards, enables this. This makes it possible to extend the feed bar over the entire width of the sheet metal plate and thus to ensure a stable and precise positioning of the respective metal sheet plate under the punching tool. A short design of the feed bar, in which the two feed bars could move past each other without a swiveling movement, would not guarantee this security.
Die Hochschwenkbewegung des Vorschubbalkens während der Rückwärtsbewegung wird vorzugsweise durch einen am Balken angreifenden Hydraulikzylinder gesteuert.The swiveling movement of the feed beam during the backward movement is preferably controlled by a hydraulic cylinder acting on the beam.
Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 -
- eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Stanz- und Ziehvorrichtung
- Figur 2 -
- eine Draufsicht auf die Verarbeitungsebene der Vorrichtung gemäß
Figur 1. - Figur 3 -
- eine Frontansicht auf die beiden Vorschubbalken, von denen einer auch in seiner angehobenen Stellung gestrichelt eingezeichnet ist.
- Figure 1 -
- is a schematic side view of a punching and drawing device
- Figure 2 -
- a plan view of the processing level of the device according to Figure 1.
- Figure 3 -
- a front view of the two feed bars, one of which is also shown in dashed lines in its raised position.
In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist der Bearbeitungsablauf von rechts nach links dargestellt. Auf der rechten Seite befindet sich ein Hubtisch 1, der einen Stapel Blechtafeln 2 trägt. Die jeweils oberste Blechtafel 2 wird von vier Saugnäpfen 3 ergriffen und durch Walzenspalte 4, 5 auf eine Fördertisch 6 vorgefördert. Auf dem Fördertisch 6 bewegen sich zwei Vorschubbalken 7, 8 sowohl parallel zur Längsachse 9 als auch schrittweise quer dazu. Die Vorschubbalken 7, 8 ergreifen jeweils eine Blechtafel 2 an der in der Förderrichtung gesehen hinteren Kante mit Spannzangen 21 und sorgen so für einen schrittweisen Vorschub der Blechtafeln 2 sowohl in axiale Richtung als auch schrittweise quer dazu zur Durchführung der Ausstanzungen von Platinen 10 durch ein Stanzwerkzeug 11. Figur 2 läßt erkennen, daß in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ovale Platinen 10 gestanzt werden und daß aus einer Blechtafel 2 zwölf Platinen gestanzt werden, wobei vier Platinen über die Breite der Blechtafel 2 nebeneinander ausgestanzt werden. Hierfür werden zwei Stanzwerkzeuge 11 verwendet, die einen freien Abstand einer Platinenbreite aufweisen.The processing sequence from right to left is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. On the right side there is a lifting table 1, which carries a stack of
Im Anschluß an das Stanzwerkzeug ist eine Schrottschere 12 angeordnet, die nach dem Vorschub der Blechtafel 2 die ausgestanzte Gitterreihe abtrennt. Über ein Förderband 13 werden die abgeschnittenen Gitterstreifen seitlich platzsparend abtransportiert.Following the punching tool,
Die ausgeschnittenen Platinen 10 werden nun schrittweise in eine Transferpresse 14 transportiert, die drei hintereinander angeordnete verschiedene Ziehwerkzeuge 15, 16, 17 zur Durchführung eines dreistufigen Ziehvorganges aufweist. Die Bördelkanten der so hergestellten tiefgezogenen Dosen werden in einer Arbeitsstation 18 beschnitten. Anschließend können die tiefgezogenen, vorzugsweisen konischen Dosen abtransportiert und gestapelt werden.The
Die Verwendung zweier Vorschubbalken 7, 8 hat den Vorteil, daß das Stanzen ohne einen Leerhub erfolgen kann. Der Vorschub der Vorschubbalken 7, 8 erfolgt mit Motoren 26, die jeweils eine Spindel 26' antreiben.The use of two
Die beiden Vorschubbalken 7, 8 sind an verschiedenen Seiten gelagert und übergreifen den Fördertisch 6 freischwebend. Sie sind beide hoch kippbar gelagert, um beim Zurückfahren dem jeweils anderen Vorschubbalken 7, 8 den Vorschub der ergriffenen Blechtafel 2 in das Stanzwerkzeug 11 zu ermöglichen.The two
Der Antrieb sowohl des Stanzwerkzeugs 11 wie auch der Ziehwerkzeuge 15, 16, 17 erfolgt über eine gemeinsame Exzenterwelle 19, die im Maschinengestell 20 der Vorrichtung gelagert ist.Both the
Figur 3 läßt die beiden Vorschubbalken 7, 8 erkennen, die jeweils mit einem Führungsblock 19' in einer Führung 20' des Fördertisches 6 gelagert sind. Dabei übergreift der Führungsblock 19' jeweils eine Stange 25 an der Längsseite des Fördertisches 6, die als Kippachse für eine Hochkippbewegung der Vorschubbalken 7, 8 dient, die für den Vorschubbalken 8 in Figur 3 gestrichelt angedeutet ist.FIG. 3 shows the two
Jeder Vorschubbalken 7, 8 weist an seinem mit dem Führungsblock 19' versehenen Ende einen Motor 22 auf, der eine Spindel im Innern des Führungsbalkens rotieren läßt, auf der Spindelnüsse der Spannzangen 21 gelagert sind, so daß durch die Rotation des Motors 22 die seitliche Lage der Spannzangen 21 verstellbar ist.Each
Der Führungsblock 19' übergreift ferner mit entsprechenden Spindelnüssen 23 die Spindeln 13', die die Verschiebung des jeweiligen Vorschubbalkens 7, 8 oder in entgegen der Förderrichtung bewirken.The guide block 19 'also overlaps with
Das Hochkippen der Vorschubbalken 7, 8 wird durch jeweils einen Hydraulikzylinder 24 bewirkt, der gelenkig an der Unterseite des Führungsblocks 19' befestigt ist.The
Die gestrichelt dargestellte hochgeschwenkte Position des Vorschubbalkens 8 während seiner Rückholbewegung erlaubt das störungsfreie Vorschieben einer Blechtafel 2 durch den Vorschubbalken 7 in das Stanzwerkzeug 11, ohne daß dieses einen Leerhub ausführen müßte.The dashed-up position of the
Claims (1)
- Advancing device for supplying metal sheets to a least one stationary punching tool, by means of which plates are punched out of the metal sheets, having an advancing bar which, as seen in the direction of advancing, is movable on a conveying bench, is mounted at one side and has clamping tongs which grip the metal sheet and which are laterally movable on the advancing bar transversely with respect to the direction of advancing, characterized in that a second advancing bar (8) is provided, in that both advancing bars (7, 8) are mounted at one side on a respective other longitudinal side of the advancing bench (6), and in that both advancing bars (7, 8) are each upwardly pivotal about a swivel joint (25) with its axis pointing in the direction of advancing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3818822A DE3818822C1 (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1988-06-03 | |
DE3818822 | 1988-06-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0344741A2 EP0344741A2 (en) | 1989-12-06 |
EP0344741A3 EP0344741A3 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
EP0344741B1 true EP0344741B1 (en) | 1993-03-31 |
Family
ID=6355723
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89109812A Expired - Lifetime EP0344741B1 (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1989-05-31 | Advancing device for feeding sheet metal to a stamping tool |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0344741B1 (en) |
DD (1) | DD283781A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3818822C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19755338C2 (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2001-12-13 | Schmalbach Lubeca | Feeding device and feeding method for plate-shaped workpieces |
ITPR20000033A1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-19 | Amada Schiavi S R L | SHEET TRANSFER APPARATUS FROM A WORK STATION, IN PARTICULAR OF PUNCHING, TO A WAREHOUSE |
PT1304180E (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2005-02-28 | Elpatronic Ag | ADVANCED PLATES ON A PUNCH DEVICE |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2149067A1 (en) * | 1971-10-01 | 1973-04-05 | Manfred Wanzke Werkzeug App Un | FEED UNIT |
DE2254355C3 (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1980-11-27 | L. Schuler Gmbh, 7320 Goeppingen | Infeed and discharge device for sheet or band-shaped workpieces on presses |
DE2258644B2 (en) * | 1972-11-30 | 1979-08-02 | J. Sandt Ag, 6780 Pirmasens | Feeding device for web-shaped material to processing machines with holding tongs and feed tongs |
DE3336068C2 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1994-09-08 | Hermann Klann Metall Und Blech | Transfer device |
DE3510697A1 (en) * | 1985-03-23 | 1986-09-25 | L. Schuler GmbH, 7320 Göppingen | GRIP DEVICES IN SPACE AREAS OF A TRANSFER PRESS |
-
1988
- 1988-06-03 DE DE3818822A patent/DE3818822C1/de not_active Expired
-
1989
- 1989-05-31 DE DE8989109812T patent/DE58903916D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-31 EP EP89109812A patent/EP0344741B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-02 DD DD89329217A patent/DD283781A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE58903916D1 (en) | 1993-05-06 |
DD283781A5 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
EP0344741A3 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
DE3818822C1 (en) | 1989-04-13 |
EP0344741A2 (en) | 1989-12-06 |
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