Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D275/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings
  • C07D275/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D275/03—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,2-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2

Definitions

• This invention concerns stable compositions of 3-isothiazolones, their preparation, and their use in controlling living organisms.
• the isothiazolones which may be stabilized include those disclosed in US-A-3,523,121 and US-A-3,761,488 as represented by the following structural formula: wherein Y is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, preferably (C1-C18 alkyl, group, an unsubstituted or halo substituted alkenyl or alkynyl group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, preferably (C5-C8) cycloalkyl, group, and an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group ;
• X is hydrogen, halo, or a (C1-C4)alkyl group and X1 is hydrogen, halo or (
• Y substituents include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl, chloromethyl, chloropropyl and the like.
• Preferred isothiazolones are 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone, 2-­methyl-3-isothiazolone,2-octyl-3-isothiazolone, 4,5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl-3-isothiazolone and 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-3-isothiazolone.
• JP-B-1,318,306 discloses stabilizing a mixture of an isothiazolone and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol with a diol solvent.
• 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a formaldehyde releaser, which is known to stabilize isothiazolones (see US-A-4,165,318 and US-A-4,129,448).
• EP-A-194,146 discloses stabilizing isothiazolones in non-aqueous, salt-free systems by several hydroxylic solvents, including dipropylene glycol.
• US-A-3,755,224 discloses isothiazolones as stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) by blending an isothiazolone with a plasticizer such as epoxidized soybean oil.
• DE-A-2411764 teaches stabilization of an acid-labile quinoxalinylthionophosphate with epoxycyclohexane.
• Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen, and it is desirable not to use formaldehyde in applications where contact with human skin or lungs may occur.
• This invention is directed to stable biocidal isothiazolone compositions in which (1) water may be reduced or substantially eliminated, (2) salt neutralization may be reduced or eliminated and (3) the need for nitrate stabilizer salts may be reduced or substantially eliminated.
• the invention provides a stabilized composition
• a stabilized composition comprising an isothiazolone the formula (I): wherein Y is an alkyl or cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, halo, cyano, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, carboxy, carbalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, isothiazolonyl, haloalkoxy, carbamoxy, morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidino group, an unsubstituted or halo substituted alkenyl or alkynyl group, an aralkyl group optionally substituted with one or more halo, nitro, alkyl or alkoxy groups, or an aryl group optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl-acylamino, carbalkoxy or
• R1 may be "lower" alkoxy "lower” alkyl, wherein “lower” means containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methoxymethyl, ethoxy-methyl, propoxyethyl, n -butoxyethyl, tert -butoxy-methyl, tert butoxybutyl and the like, or 2,3-epoxy di-"lower” alkoxy "lower” alkyl such as 2,3-epoxy-1-propoxyethoxymethyl, 2,3-epoxy-1-butoxyethoxyethyl and the like
• R1 a radical of the formula: Z may be for example ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, 1-methyl propylene, 2,2-dimethyl propylene, 2,2-dibromomethyl propylene, 2,2-dichloromethyl propylene and the like;
• Q may be carbonylphenylcarboxy and the like;
• R1 and R2 or R1 and R3 are joined, together with the carbon or carbons to which they are attached, they form an alkylene ring such as for example a propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene and the like ring which may be substituted with a lower alkylene to form for example, bicyclo [3.1.1] heptane,bicyclo [2.2.2.]octane and the like, or substituted with a lower alkenyl radical such as ethenyl, 1-methylethenyl, butenyl and the like; R3 may
• Preferred epoxy compounds (IIa) are those having the following structural formula: wherein R5 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, or 2,3-epoxy-1-propoxyethoxymethyl R6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R7 is hydrogen, or R5 and R7 may be joined together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cycloalkane (i.e. --CH2CH2CH2CH2 --) or bicycloalkane;
• epoxy compounds which may be employed include those of the following formula: wherein Z1 is --(CH2CH2O) , (CHCH3CH2O) , -(CH2-CH(OH)CH2) , -(CH2-C(CH3)2CH2) , or --(CH2) and n is an integer of from 0 to 6.
• the composition of the invention comprises at least one isothiazolone wherein Y is C1-C18alkyl or phenyl or C3-Cl2cycloalkyl; X is hydrogen or halo; and X′ is hydrogen or halo.
• Typical formulation ranges are illustrated in the following Table (all percentages are parts by weight) for both a concentrated solution of the isothiazolone and a dilute solution. For certain uses, such as shipping of large quantities, more concentrated solutions may also be utilized.
• the percentages are based on the total weight of the two or three components present.
• the amount of stabilizer or mixture of stabilizers employed will be from about 1 percent to about 25 percent.
• the isothiazolone may be present in a bulk form or packaged or encapsulated in some manner, including a form for controlled release.
• the ratio of epoxide to isothiazolone is preferably from about 1:7 to about 1.5:1.
• Epoxides also known as oxiranes, are three-membered cyclic ethers. They are a well-known class of organic compounds, many of which are commercially available. Among such are alkylene oxides, formed by the epoxidation of olefins, both terminally and internally unsaturated, including cyclic olefins where the double bond is either internal or external to the ring.
• alkylene oxides formed by the epoxidation of olefins, both terminally and internally unsaturated, including cyclic olefins where the double bond is either internal or external to the ring.
• Another well-known class are those epoxides formed by the dehydration of 1,2-glycols; among such are glycidyl ethers derived from alpha-ethers of glycerol.
• Examples of epoxides believed useful in the stabilization of isothiazolones include: 1,2-cyclohexene oxide, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 2,3-epoxyhexane; beta -pinene oxide; phenyl glycidyl ether, n -butyl glycidyl ether, tert -butyl glycidyl ether, o-tert -butylphenyl glycidyl ether, benzyl 3,4-epoxybutyl ether, n -butyl glycidyl thioether; ethylene glycol bis(glycidyl ether), poly(ethylene glycol)2 bis(glycidyl ether), poly(ethylene glycol)9 bis(glycidyl ether), hexylene glycol bis(glycidyl ether); phenyl poly(ethyleneoxy)5 glycidyl ether, propylene glyco
• epoxides may be employed: ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, 2,3-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 9,10-epoxy-5,6-octadecene, 3,4-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxy-3-methylbutane, 2,3-epoxy-4-methylpentane, 3,4-epoxydodecane, cyclopentene oxide, 1,2-epoxy-4-­ethylcyclohexane, cyclooctene oxide, alpha -pinene oxide, beta -pinene oxide, 2,3-epoxybicycloheptane (2.2.1), 3,4-epoxybutanol-1, 3,4-epoxybutanol-1 acetate, 9,10-epoxystearic acid, methyl 9,10-epoxystearate, glycerol tris(9,
• the epoxide be relatively accessible, such as within a cyclic ring or of the structure It is especially preferred that the functionality be at a terminal point of the molecule, i.e. Very low molecular weight epoxides, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, are less preferred because of their volatility.
• Very low molecular weight epoxides such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, are less preferred because of their volatility.
• Solvents other than epoxides may be used to dissolve the isothiazolones and may be any organic solvent which dissolves the isothiazolones, are compatible with the proposed end use, do not destabilize the isothiazolone, and do not react with the epoxide to eliminate its stabilizing action.
• Hydroxylic solvents for example, polyols, such as glycols, alcohols and the like, may be used. Under conditions of high dilution and high ratios of stabilizer to isothiazolone, glycols may be successfully used. In certain formulations, hydrocarbons, either aliphatic or aromatic, are useful solvents.
• Preferred solvents are capped polyols, wherein the free hydroxy is replaced with an ether or ester function.
• Especially preferred are 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadecane, commonly known as triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and 4,7-dioxaundecanol-1 acetate, commonly known as diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate.
• epoxide employed will vary depending on use conditions and concentrations of the isothiazolone in the mixture. In more concentrated solutions, effective amounts of epoxide based on isothiazolone are in the ratios of from about 1:4 to about 1:2. Obviously higher amounts may be used, but at additional cost. At low levels of dilution of the isothiazolone (such as from 1 to 2 percent isothiazolone in the solvent), the ratio of stabilizer to isothiazolone can range from about 1:7 to about 2:1.
• stabilization salts which can be employed are those disclosed in US-A-3,870,795 and US-A-4,067,878 and include stabilization salts selected from:
• loci are typically at any locus subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi or algae.
• loci are in aqueous systems such as water cooling, laundry wash water, oil systems such as cutting oils, oil fields and the like where microorganisms need to be killed or where their growth needs to be controlled.
• the stabilized biocide compositions of this invention are advantageous over salt stabilized isothiazolones described in the art and are the biocides of choice where salts pose a problem.
• compositions of this invention avoid this problem and therefore can be used in emulsions such as photographic emulsions, coating emulsions, (e.g. paints) to form solid protective or decorative films; electronic circuitry, wood, metals, plastics, fibers, membranes, carpet backings, ceramics and the like where surfaces need to be coated or protected, adhesives, caulks, and sensitive emulsions.
• photographic emulsions e.g. paints
• coating emulsions e.g. paints
• electronic circuitry wood, metals, plastics, fibers, membranes, carpet backings, ceramics and the like where surfaces need to be coated or protected, adhesives, caulks, and sensitive emulsions.
• compositions of this invention are useful in fuel systems such as diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, certain alcohols, and the like, because they eliminate the possibility of salt deposits on component parts. Another reason for eliminating salts is to avoid an environment in which corrosion can occur. For example, chloride salts (among others) have a corrosive effect on many metals and are to be avoided where possible.
• isothiazolone stabilizers of this invention have other applications known to those skilled in the art.
• epoxides are known to serve as reactive scavengers for molecules containing -OH, NH2, -SH and other nucleophilic groups.
• a biocide formulation stabilized with an epoxide would be particularly advantageous where the dual function of biocidal/biostatic activity and scavenging would lead to advantageous results.
• isothiazolone biocides are so active, the low level required to be effective makes them ideal when compared to many known biocides because at such low levels they are not likely to interfere with other components in systems requiring protection or with systems upon which the protected systems will be applied.
• Potential areas of general application include disinfectants, sanitizers, cleaners, deodorizers, liquid and powder soaps, skin removers, oil and grease removers, food processing chemicals, dairy chemicals, food preservatives, animal food preservatives, wood preservation, paint, lazures, stains, mildewcides, hospital and medical antiseptics, medical devices, metal working fluids, cooling water, air washers, petroleum production, paper treatment, paper mill slimicides, petroleum products, adhesives, textiles, pigment slurries, latexes, leather and hide treatment, petroleum fuel, laundry sanitizers, agricultural formulations, inks, mining, nonwoven fabrics, petroleum storage, rubber, sugar processing, tobacco, swimming pools, photographic rinses, cosmetics,toiletries, pharmaceuticals, chemical toilets, household laundry products, diesel fuel additives, waxes and polishes and many other applications where water and organic materials come in contact under conditions which allow the growth of undesired microorganisms.
• salts in the isothiazolones may contribute to deterioration of optical properties and/or increase water pickup and haze levels.
• nitrate salts avoids the possibility of nitrosamine formation with any amines present in the formulation. Removal of multivalent cations from the biocide may also eliminate the known possibility of creating physical incompatibility problems in certain cosmetic formulations caused by precipitation of salts or complexes.
• biocides It is well known in the art that the performance of biocides is frequently enhanced by combining one or more biocides. In fact, there have been numerous examples of synergistic combinations of biocides. Thus,other known biocides may be combined advantageously with the stabilized isothiazolones of this invention.
• Isothiazolones are used as disinfectants, in oil field water teatment, as watercooling system microbiocides, as preservatives for aqueous dispersions or organic polymers, as wood pulp white water slimicides, as cosmetic preservatives, as cutting oil, jet fuel, and heating oil preservatives, and the like. Solutions of isothiazolones are also applied to a solid substrate, such as fabric, leather, or wood, as a preservative, or admixed with plastics.
• the products of this invention are especially useful as preservatives for the following:
• a 3:1 mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolin-3-one/2-­methylisothiazolin-3-one (16.2%) is mixed at 14% active ingredient (AI) in triglyme (76.8%) with the chosen stabilizer (7%).
• AI active ingredient
• HPLC HPLC is used to measure AI.
• Mainten­ance of AI must be >85% to meet the target of most preferred.
• Other stabilizers may be less effective in the test, but may be adequate for stabilization under shorter time, less exacerbated conditions.
• This epoxide stabilized material is compared with a 3:1 mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolin-3-one/2-methyliso­thiazolin-3-one stabilized with magnesium nitrate (15%).
• a solution containing 1.5% of N-methyl-5-chloroisothiazolin-3-one and N-methylisothiazolin-3 -one (approximately 3:1 mixture) and 2.0% of ethylene glycol bis(glycidyl ether) stabilizer in 96.5 % dipropylene glycol is used as a preservative for a hair shampoo.
• Salt shock is observed as a precipitate or gelatinous mass that forms in the polymer emulsion when isothiazolone, containing divalent metal ions (e.g. Mg++, Cu++), is added as a preservative.
• the polymer emulsion is initially passed through a 325 mesh screen to remove any gel that might be present from manufacture.
• Isothiazolone is added to a total amount of 30 ppm AI based on total polymer emulsion.
• a 250g. emulsion sample in a pint (0.551) container is used. The sample is gently swirled after pipetting the appropriate amount of isothiazolone. The sample is inverted twice to mix and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for sixty minutes.
• the sample is again passed through a 325 mesh screen. Any gel or precipitate on the screen is washed with deionized water to remove residual, uncoagulated polymer emulsion. The material remaining on the screen is collected and dried overnight at 50°C. This is followed by heating 1 hour at 150°C to remove any remaining water. The residue is then weighed. The amount of butanediol bis(glycidyl ether) stabilizer is equivalent to the isothiazolone, and the solvent is diethyleneglycol butyl ether acetate.
• Formulation % AI isothiazolone Stabilizer Weight of gel (mg/kg emulsion 1 Emulsion 1 1.5 Mg nitrate/Cu nitrate 560 2 Emulsion 1 1.5 t-butyl glycidal ether 80 3 Emulsion 1 0 - 80 4 Emulsion 2 1.5 Mg nitrate/ Cu nitrate 80 5 Emulsion 2 1.5 t-butyl glycidal ether 0 6 Emulsion 2 0 - 40
• the following test when carried out to determine the microbial speed of kill of an epoxide stabilized isothiazolone compared to the nitrate stabilized isothiazolone, illustrates equivalent bactericidal activity when either the nitrate or epoxide stabilizer is used.
• the speed-of-kill test measures bactericidal activity in water free of organic matter. It measures the loss of cell viability in an aqueous suspension of bacterial cells as a function of time when these cells are contacted with a defined concentration of test compound in the water. This is done by taking aliquots of the cell suspensions at the appropriate time interval and assaying the number of viable cells per milliliter by plate count or most probable number (MPN) methodology. These measurements are done on the cell suspensions containing no test compound. The viable cell counts of the test and control samples are then compared to determine cell death.
• MPN most probable number
• the inoculum is prepared by growing the bacteria on a slant for 24 hours and then harvesting the cells into phosphate buffer. To start the test at zero time, one volume of bacterial inoculum is added to 100 volumes of test solution containing compound at the final test concentration. At appropriate time intervals, such as 2, 4 and/or 24 hours, aliquots of all the test samples and controls are assayed for viable cell count, reported as most probable number (MPN) per ml.
• MPN most probable number
• a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test is used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a test compound in preservative applications.
• the MIC value is obtained in the following manner.
• a volume of the stock solution containing 1% AI is dispensed into enrichment broth to give an initial starting test concentration of 250 ppm compound.
• each vessel in the dilution series, except the first vessel contains an equal volume of the compound free broth.
• the first vessel contains twice the volume of broth with the starting concentration of test compound.
• One half of the broth from the first vessel is transferred to the second vessel.
• one half the resulting volume is removed from the second vessel and transferred to the third vessel.
• the entire cycle is repeated 8 to 12 times, depending on the number of dilutions desired.
• the result is a two-fold serial dilution of test compound in the enrichment broth.
• Each vessel is then inoculated with a cell suspension of the appropriate test organism.
• Bacteria are grown in broth and fungi on agar slants, for a time and at a temperature appropriate to the species being tested. At the end of the growth period, the broth is vortexed to disperse the cells.
• the spores are harvested by pipetting water onto the slant and dislodging the spores with a sterile loop.
• the cell/spore suspensions are standardized by controlling incubation time and temperature and the volume of the diluent.
• the vessels are incubated at the appropriate temperature, and then examined for growth/no growth.
• the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest concentration of compound that results in complete inhibition of growth of the test organism.
• System I 14% AI in water, 15% magnesium nitrate.
• System II 1.5%AIin water, 1.6% Mg(NO3)2, 0.15% copper nitrate.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
• Steroid Compounds (AREA)
• Epoxy Resins (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1989
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