EP0341993A1 - Matériau en feuille utilisé pour la formation de l'élément à boucles d'une fermeture du type à crochets et à boucles - Google Patents

Matériau en feuille utilisé pour la formation de l'élément à boucles d'une fermeture du type à crochets et à boucles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0341993A1
EP0341993A1 EP89304709A EP89304709A EP0341993A1 EP 0341993 A1 EP0341993 A1 EP 0341993A1 EP 89304709 A EP89304709 A EP 89304709A EP 89304709 A EP89304709 A EP 89304709A EP 0341993 A1 EP0341993 A1 EP 0341993A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
backing
portions
sheet
ridges
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89304709A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0341993B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael R. Gorman
Dennis L. Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP0341993A1 publication Critical patent/EP0341993A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0341993B1 publication Critical patent/EP0341993B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/04—Non-woven pile fabrics formed by zig-zag folding of a fleece or layer of staple fibres, filaments, or yarns, strengthened or consolidated at the folds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B18/00—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type; Making such fasteners
    • A44B18/0003—Fastener constructions
    • A44B18/0011—Female or loop elements

Definitions

  • loop fastener portions made from many such loop materials work well with many different hook fastener portions, many of the processes by which they are made are more expensive than may be desired, particularly when the loop fastener portions are intended for a limited amount of use, such as to attach a disposable diaper to an infant, or to attach an abrasive disk to a backing pad by which it is driven.
  • a sheet material adapted to be cut into pieces to form loop portions for fasteners, which sheet material comprises a backing, and a multiplicity of fibers having portions bonded to the backing along a front surface at spaced bonding locations to form arcuate portions of the fibers projecting from the front surface of the backing between the bonding locations.
  • the arcuate portions have a height from the backing of less than about 0.64 centimeters (0.250 inch) and preferably less than about 0.318 centimeters (0.125 inch).
  • the width of the bonding locations should be between about 0.005 and 0.075 inch, and the width of the arcuate portions of the fibers should be between about 0.06 and 0.35 inch.
  • the ridges can be elongate and generally parallel so that the bonding locations are also elongate and generally parallel and are continuous in one direction across the front surface of the backing so that continuous rows of the arcuate portions extend across the backing of the sheet material; or alternately the ridges can be elongate, generally parallel, and in a regular pattern of discontinuous lengths so that the parallel bonding locations are also in a regular pattern of discontinuous lengths to to form a regular pattern of discontinuous rows of the arcuate portions along the front surface of the backing.
  • the backing could be a woven, knitted, random woven, nonwoven or other layer of intertwined fibers, but preferably is a continuous polymeric film in the range of about 0.0025 to 0.013 centimeters (0.001 to 0.005 inch) thick which is generally less expensive than a backing of entwined fibers and allows the backing to be printed by conventional methods along one of its surfaces with graphics (such as advertising, instructions or locating marks) which will be visible through the loop portions of the fibers due to their large percentage of open area.
  • graphics such as advertising, instructions or locating marks
  • the film may be a single layer of a polymeric material such as polypropylene, polyester, or polyamide; or may have a plurality of layers such as a central layer of a relatively high strength material such as polyester, a layer defining the first surface of a material more easily bonded to the fiber such as ethylene vinyl acetate or polyethylene, and a layer defining its second surface adapted to adhere the backing to a substrate such as polyethylene or a bonding layer of room-temperature non-tacky thermoplastic material adapted to adhere a fastener portion to a polyolefin layer (such as may be found on a disposable diaper) that can be bonded to the polyolefin layer under heat and pressure that leaves the polyolefin layer substantially undeformed and will hold the fastener portion to the polyolefin layer with greater force than that which is required to separate an engaged fastener, which bonding layer of room-temperature non-tacky thermoplastic material is described in U.S.
  • Patent application No. 126,746 filed November 30, 1987 can include from about 40% to about 100% of a thermoplastic material having a softening point of generally below 120 degrees Centigrade and preferably below 100 degrees Centigrade, and from about 60% to about 0% of a tackifying resin that has a softening point below about 105 degrees Centigrade and preferably below 95 degrees Centigrade.
  • Suitable thermoplastic materials include ethylene and propylene based copolymers such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers, and ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymers.
  • thermoplastic materials include ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, especially those with a melt flow index from about 40 to about 2500, and preferably with a melt flow index between about 50 and about 1000.
  • Such materials are available commercially as Elvax 40W, Elvax 150, Elvax 210W, Elvax 220W, Elvax 310, Elvax 410, and Elvax 4980W from E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. of Wilmington, Delaware; Escorene UL7710 and Escorene UL7720 from Exxon Chemical Co., Houston, Texas; and Ultrathene 639-35 and Ultrathene 649-04, available from USI Chemical Co. of Cincinnati, Ohio.
  • Suitable tackifying resins are preferably solid or semisolid, however liquid tackifying resins can also be used.
  • the tackifying resin when used, should be compatible with the thermoplastic material and may include rosin esters, rosin acids, and derivatives of these; hydrogenated rosin esters and rosin acids and derivatives of these; aliphatic hydrocarbon resins; mixed aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins; resins made from the polymerization and hydrogenation of a dicyclopentadiene feed stream; polyterpene resins and aromatic-modified polyterpene resins; resins made from the polymerization and hydrogenation of a C9 hydrocarbon stream; and resins made from the polymerization and hydrogenation of a mixture of alphamethyl styrene, styrene, and vinyl toluene.
  • Preferred tackifying resins include aliphatic hydrocarbon resins such as Escorez 1580 and Escorez 1310, available from Exxon Chemical of Houston, Texas; Hercotac 95, available from Hercules Chemical Co. of Wilmington, Delaware; and Wingtack Plus and Wingtack 95, available from the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company of Akron, Ohio. Additional preferred solid tackifying resins include the aromatic-modified polyterpene resins such as Wingtack 86, available from Goodyear; Zonatac 105, available from Arizona Chemical Co.
  • the corrugating members 26 and 27 are mounted in axially parallel relationship with portions of the ridges 28 of the corrugating members 26 and 27 meshing generally in the manner of gear teeth; at least one of the corrugating members 26 or 27 is rotated; and the sheet of fibers is fed between the meshed portions of the ridges 28 of the corrugating members 26 and 27 to generally conform the sheet of fibers to the periphery of the first corrugating member 26 and form the arcuate portions of the fibers 16 in the spaces between the ridges 28 of the first corrugating member 26 and the generally parallel anchor portions 24 of the sheet of fibers along the outer surfaces of the ridges 28 on the first corrugating member 26.
  • the formed sheet of fibers is retained along the periphery of the first corrugating member 26 after it has moved past the meshed portions of the ridges 28; the backing 12 is bonded to the parallel anchor portions 24 of the sheet of fibers on the end surfaces of the ridges 28 on the first corrugating member 26 as by the action of a sonic welder 30 or by other sources of heat and pressure such as heat from within the first corrugating member 26; and the bonded backing 12 and fibers 16 or sheet material 10 is separated from the first corrugating member 26.
  • the sheet of fibers fed between the meshed portions of the ridges 28 of the corrugating members 26 and 27 can be in the form of a non woven web or sheet, or, as illustrated in Figure 4, in the form of yarns 33 distributed to provide a sheet of uniformly distributed fibers by passing the yarns 33 through a comb 34 and fed between the meshed portion of the ridges 28 of the corrugating members 26 and 27 with all of the fibers 16 extending generally perpendicular to the axes of the corrugating members 26 and 27.
  • Corrugating members 26 and 27 adapted to have such a sheet of fibers 32 fed into them can have their ridges 28 oriented generally in the range of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to their axes, but preferably have their ridges 28 oriented at about 5 degrees with respect to their axes so that the sonic welder 30 will always be adjacent and heating the parallel portions 24 of the sheet of fibers along a portion of at least one of the ridges 28 to help even out the energy output of the sonic welder 30 and so that the fibers 16 in the sheet material 10 all extend in directions at about right angles (i.e., 85 degrees) to the parallel bonding locations 18.
  • the method can further include printing the backing along one of its surfaces prior to the bonding step, as along its rear surface 14 with a printer 36, which may preferably be done at a location remote from the corrugating members 26 and 27.
  • Figures 5 and 6 schematically illustrate a first alternate way to perform the method according to the present invention for forming a sheet material 40 according to the present invention, which method generally comprises forming fibers 38 into a sheet having arcuate portions 41 projecting in the same direction from spaced generally parallel anchor portions of the sheet, and bonding the spaced anchor portions of the sheet of fibers with the fibers along a front surface of a backing 43 with the arcuate portions 41 projecting from the front surface of the backing 43.
  • a sheet material according to the present invention was made as described in Example 1 except that the individual fibers used were 6.2 denier polypropylene fibers commercially available as 420/68 yarn from Phillips Fibers Incorporated, Greenville, SC., and the ridges and spaces between the ridges of the corrugating rollers were shaped to cause projecting arcuate portions of the fibers roughly semicircular in shape with heights of about 0.318 centimeter (0.125 inch) between the parallel bonding locations. It was noted that the printing on the backing could be easily seen through the arcuate portions of the fibers.
  • the sheet material was tested as in Example 1, and the average results obtained are tabulated in table 1 below.
  • a sheet material according to the present invention was made generally as described in Example 1 except that no comb was used and the multiplicity of fibers used to form the sheet of fibers were those commercially available from Hercules as 9d T-101 fibers.
  • the fibers were used in an amount to provide a basis weight of 45 grams per square meter for the sheet of fibers, and the orientation of the fibers in the sheet was estimated to be in a ratio of about seven in the longitudinal direction to one in the cross direction.
  • a strip of the appropriate hook or mushroom material at least 7" (178 mm) long by width and an equal length of the loop to which it will be mated. If the samples are removed from a roll of material remove the outer lap of material before selecting the required number of strips. On each strip the end closest to the center of the roll must be marked. These markings are used to mark the directionality of the specimens.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners, Snap Fasteners, And Hook Fasteners (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
EP89304709A 1988-05-13 1989-05-10 Matériau en feuille utilisé pour la formation de l'élément à boucles d'une fermeture du type à crochets et à boucles Expired - Lifetime EP0341993B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19383288A 1988-05-13 1988-05-13
US193832 1988-05-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0341993A1 true EP0341993A1 (fr) 1989-11-15
EP0341993B1 EP0341993B1 (fr) 1993-08-18

Family

ID=22715199

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89304709A Expired - Lifetime EP0341993B1 (fr) 1988-05-13 1989-05-10 Matériau en feuille utilisé pour la formation de l'élément à boucles d'une fermeture du type à crochets et à boucles

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0341993B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2896159B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960013457B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU622171B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8902225A (fr)
CA (1) CA1333952C (fr)
DE (1) DE68908468T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2043010T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL90159A (fr)
MX (1) MX173200B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA893577B (fr)

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995019242A1 (fr) * 1994-01-13 1995-07-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article abrasif, son procede de fabrication et machine a abraser
TR27991A (tr) * 1991-05-20 1995-11-16 Procter & Gamble Yeniden baglanabilir baglama araci icin dokunmamis disi bilesen ve bunu yapmaya mahsus yöntem.
EP0712590A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-01-15 Acushnet Co Gant possédant une inscription sur les boucles et crochets
US5607345A (en) * 1994-01-13 1997-03-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrading apparatus
WO1997024482A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Bande de non-tisse non lie a motif et son procede de fabrication
EP0800808A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1997-10-15 Kao Corporation Article absorbant
WO1998006290A1 (fr) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procede et installation servant a fabriquer rapidement un materiau a boucles
DE19722748A1 (de) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-03 Corovin Gmbh Schlaufenmaterial
EP0913104A3 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-09-29 Uni-Charm Corporation Elément femelle d'une fermeture à crochets et à boucles
US6039911A (en) * 1997-01-09 2000-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for capping stem fasteners
WO2000073063A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Velcro Industries B.V. Presentoirs et decorations utilisant des fixations detachables
EP1048236A3 (fr) * 1999-03-26 2001-09-05 Uni-Charm Corporation Fixation mécanique
WO2002077349A1 (fr) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Tissu composite pour le controle de fluides
USRE38652E1 (en) 1992-08-20 2004-11-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook for hook and loop fasteners
US6849142B1 (en) 1991-05-20 2005-02-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device
US7282251B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2007-10-16 Vekro Industries B.V. Loop materials for touch fastening
WO2008003438A1 (fr) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 Nuova Pansac S.P.A. Dispositif d'attache mécanique libérable
US7468114B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2008-12-23 Kao Corporation Composite sheet and process and apparatus for producing the same
US7785095B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2010-08-31 Velcro Industries B.V. Molding apparatus and related methods
US7790264B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2010-09-07 Aplix, Inc. Loop material for loop and hook type fastener used in a disposable article or garment
US7805818B2 (en) 2001-09-05 2010-10-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Nonwoven loop member for a mechanical fastener
CN102454050A (zh) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-16 台湾百和工业股份有限公司 粘扣带用毛面的制造方法,制造设备及粘扣带用毛面
WO2012112768A1 (fr) 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé de fabrication d'une bande de fixation mécanique et bande de fixation mécanique réticulée ainsi obtenue
WO2012121875A1 (fr) 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Matériau de boucles pour éléments de fixation à crochets et boucles
EP2545798A1 (fr) 2011-07-13 2013-01-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Système de produit sanitaire
WO2013040156A1 (fr) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Fermeture mécanique, système de fermeture et article absorbant jetable
EP2447048A3 (fr) * 2010-10-26 2013-12-04 Taiwan Paiho Limited Procédé de formation d'un élément de boucle pour dispositif de fixation à crochets et boucles, appareil pour réaliser le procédé et article fabriqué selon le procédé
US8673097B2 (en) 2007-06-07 2014-03-18 Velcro Industries B.V. Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
CN103653555A (zh) * 2012-09-14 2014-03-26 台湾百和工业股份有限公司 黏扣带制造方法及黏扣带
US8753459B2 (en) 2002-12-03 2014-06-17 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US8777919B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2014-07-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Fastening tab and method of making the same
US8784972B2 (en) 2007-11-26 2014-07-22 Kao Corporation Composite sheet
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KR20150081307A (ko) * 2012-10-31 2015-07-13 킴벌리-클라크 월드와이드, 인크. 흡수 용품
US9138031B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2015-09-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a mechanical fastening strip and reticulated mechanical fastening strip therefrom
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US9327473B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fluid-entangled laminate webs having hollow projections and a process and apparatus for making the same
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US9480608B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-11-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with a fluid-entangled body facing material including a plurality of hollow projections
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US9872542B2 (en) 2011-08-25 2018-01-23 Velcro BVBA Loop-engageable fasteners and related systems and methods
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WO2019005769A1 (fr) 2017-06-29 2019-01-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé de fabrication de bandes multiples d'élément de fixation mécanique
US10376420B2 (en) 2013-06-13 2019-08-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Personal hygiene article and container for the same
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US11007093B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-05-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Incorporation of apertured area into an absorbent article
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US11365495B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2022-06-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making fluid-entangled laminate webs with hollow projections and apertures
EP3863580B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2022-08-31 LK Mahnke GmbH & Co., KG Couche jetable
WO2024079720A1 (fr) 2022-10-14 2024-04-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Fixation mécanique à nombre élevé d'éléments de fixation, stratifié de fixation et article absorbant

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US20030171051A1 (en) 2002-03-08 2003-09-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Wipe
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US7932196B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2011-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microporous stretch thinned film/nonwoven laminates and limited use or disposable product applications
US7303805B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2007-12-04 3M Innovative Properties Company Loop fabric
FR2870436B1 (fr) * 2004-05-21 2006-07-14 Aplix Sa Film a filaments individuels ancres
MX2007003695A (es) 2004-08-31 2007-05-18 Henry K Obermeyer Sistema de union de alta resistencia para compuestos reforzados con fibras.
US8734931B2 (en) 2007-07-23 2014-05-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Aerogel composites
CA2747385A1 (fr) 2008-12-18 2010-07-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Aerogels telecheliques hybrides
JP4823326B2 (ja) * 2009-02-27 2011-11-24 大王製紙株式会社 止着用フロントシートを有する紙おむつ
US9138957B2 (en) 2010-06-21 2015-09-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Slit hook strips and laminates and articles containing the same
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WO2014097634A1 (fr) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 株式会社瑞光 Procédé pour produire un article à porter jetable et dispositif d'adhésion utilisé dans celui-ci
WO2015178706A1 (fr) * 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 백창원 Velcro unidirectionnel ayant une aiguille à crochet et une boucle utilisant le principe du moment de force, le principe de frottement et d'élasticité dans un plan incliné, et analogue, et procédé de fabrication de boucle
EP3746293A4 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2021-10-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Article comprenant une couche composite et son procédé de fabrication

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US6849142B1 (en) 1991-05-20 2005-02-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making multi-layer female component for refastenable fastening device
TR27991A (tr) * 1991-05-20 1995-11-16 Procter & Gamble Yeniden baglanabilir baglama araci icin dokunmamis disi bilesen ve bunu yapmaya mahsus yöntem.
USRE38652E1 (en) 1992-08-20 2004-11-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook for hook and loop fasteners
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EP0712590A3 (fr) * 1994-11-18 1997-01-15 Acushnet Co Gant possédant une inscription sur les boucles et crochets
EP0800808A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1997-10-15 Kao Corporation Article absorbant
EP0800808A4 (fr) * 1995-10-27 2004-03-10 Kao Corp Article absorbant
WO1997024482A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Bande de non-tisse non lie a motif et son procede de fabrication
WO1998006290A1 (fr) * 1996-08-14 1998-02-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Procede et installation servant a fabriquer rapidement un materiau a boucles
US6039911A (en) * 1997-01-09 2000-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for capping stem fasteners
DE19722748C2 (de) * 1997-05-30 2002-04-18 Corovin Gmbh Schlaufenmaterial
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EP0913104A3 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-09-29 Uni-Charm Corporation Elément femelle d'une fermeture à crochets et à boucles
EP1048236A3 (fr) * 1999-03-26 2001-09-05 Uni-Charm Corporation Fixation mécanique
US7160600B2 (en) 1999-05-28 2007-01-09 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook-engageable fastener sheets, and methods and articles of manufacture
US8500940B2 (en) 1999-05-28 2013-08-06 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook-engageable fastener sheets, and methods and articles of manufacture
WO2000073063A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Velcro Industries B.V. Presentoirs et decorations utilisant des fixations detachables
US7785095B2 (en) 2001-03-14 2010-08-31 Velcro Industries B.V. Molding apparatus and related methods
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WO2013040156A1 (fr) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Fermeture mécanique, système de fermeture et article absorbant jetable
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR960013457B1 (ko) 1996-10-05
ZA893577B (en) 1991-01-30
DE68908468D1 (de) 1993-09-23
AU3378389A (en) 1989-11-16
MX173200B (es) 1994-02-08
CA1333952C (fr) 1995-01-17
EP0341993B1 (fr) 1993-08-18
ES2043010T3 (es) 1993-12-16
IL90159A (en) 1993-07-08
AU622171B2 (en) 1992-04-02
JP2896159B2 (ja) 1999-05-31
BR8902225A (pt) 1990-01-02
JPH0218036A (ja) 1990-01-22
DE68908468T2 (de) 1994-03-03
KR890016937A (ko) 1989-12-14
IL90159A0 (en) 1989-12-15

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