EP0339185B1 - Générateur de vapeur pour la combustion de lignite avec des compositions différentes - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur pour la combustion de lignite avec des compositions différentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0339185B1
EP0339185B1 EP89101389A EP89101389A EP0339185B1 EP 0339185 B1 EP0339185 B1 EP 0339185B1 EP 89101389 A EP89101389 A EP 89101389A EP 89101389 A EP89101389 A EP 89101389A EP 0339185 B1 EP0339185 B1 EP 0339185B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating surfaces
flue gas
steam generator
combustion
lignite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89101389A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0339185A1 (fr
Inventor
Rudi Derksen
Hans Georg Jarmuzewski
Karl-Heinz Maintok
Heinz Dr. Langner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
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Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
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Publication of EP0339185A1 publication Critical patent/EP0339185A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/003—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning lignite with differently composed ash in a fluidized bed according to the preamble of claim 1 and a steam generator for performing the method.
  • Lignites with an alkali content can be burned in dust and fluidized bed furnaces by steam generators. If the ash contains a higher content of alkali oxides and / or salts (salt coal), difficulties arise when these lignites are burned in that the alkalis considerably lower the softening point of the ash and lead to caking even at low temperatures.
  • the combustion temperature can be reduced by recycling cold flue gas.
  • a method for the combustion of saline lignite in which cold flue gas is blown into a fluidized bed and the free space above the fluidized bed in such a way that the heat is given off to the cold flue gas and the walls are cooled of the free space in the fluidized bed and at the gas-side end of the free space a temperature of about 780 ° C. is not exceeded.
  • the wall temperature of the walls delimiting the free space is below the softening temperature of the ash.
  • the measures to avoid the difficulties associated with the alkalis are only necessary when coal is burned.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a steam generator in which lignite can be fired both with an alkali content of more than 2% in the ashes and with such an under 2%.
  • a steam generator for performing the method is specified in claim 2.
  • the steam generator is designed on the steam side for the combustion of salt coal.
  • the special difficulties that arise from the presence of alkalis in the ashes of the coal are taken into account.
  • a low bed temperature is maintained in the fluidized bed in that the heat from the combustion in the fluidized bed is partly transferred to the cold, recirculated flue gas. Since the combustion of brown coal with a lower alkali content in the ash at a higher bed temperature, the flue gas recirculation is completely or largely eliminated.
  • the steam generator shown is designed as a multi-pass boiler and has a first flue gas duct 1, a second flue gas duct 2 and a third flue gas duct 3, which are delimited by gas-tight pipe walls 4 through which water and steam flow.
  • the tube walls 4 are connected as an evaporator heating surface 5.
  • the first flue gas duct 1 serves as a combustion chamber and takes up a fluidized bed 6 in the lower part. A constriction can be formed above the fluidized bed 6 by bending, which causes additional mixing of the flue gases.
  • the interior of the first flue gas flue 1 is kept free from bundle heating surfaces and represents a free space.
  • the second and third flue gas flues 2, 3 are connected by a boiler funnel 7, at the lower end of which a discharge device 8 for the flying dust accumulating is arranged.
  • the second and third flue gas flues 2, 3 represent the convection part and take up heating surfaces 9 to 15, which are connected as superheaters or as economizers. Sootblowers are provided for cleaning the heating surfaces 9 to 15.
  • Coal is fed into the fluidized bed 6 via a plurality of entry points 16, in which it is burned with the aid of air. Aggregates are introduced into the fluidized bed 6 together with the coal or separately via a separate entry 17.
  • Preheated combustion air is blown into the fluidized bed 6 via floor nozzles 18.
  • the air can also be fed in stages as primary air via the floor nozzles 18 and as secondary and tertiary air via blowing points 19, 20 into the free space above the fluidized bed 6.
  • the air is preheated in a recuperative tubular air preheater 21, which connects to the third flue gas duct 3.
  • the tube air preheater 21 can can also be replaced by a regenerative air preheater with rotating or stationary storage masses.
  • the combustion air is drawn in from the outside by a fan 22, fed to the tubular air preheater 21 via a cold air line 23 and passed on to the floor nozzles 18 and the injection points 19, 20 via a warm air line 24.
  • the primary, secondary and tertiary air can also be compressed by separate fans.
  • a flue gas filter 25 is connected downstream of the tube air preheater 21.
  • the airborne dust accumulating in the flue gas filter 25 is disposed of via a discharge device 26.
  • a flue gas blower 27 conveys the cooled and cleaned flue gas through a flue gas line 28 to a chimney, not shown.
  • the recirculation line 29 is led to blowing points 31, 32, which open into the fluidized bed 6 and the free space.
  • a pressure-increasing fan 33 is used to compensate for the pressure difference within the fluidized bed 6.
  • the cold recirculated flue gas absorbs part of the combustion heat released in the fluidized bed 6 and thus serves to adjust the bed temperature of the fluidized bed 6.
  • the steam generator works on the natural circulation principle, the water-side circuit is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the heating surfaces 14, 15 located in the third flue gas duct 3 and last flown by the flue gas are connected as economizers and connected via a feed water line 34 to a drum 35, which serves to separate water and steam.
  • the evaporator 5, which is designed as a wall heating surface of the tube walls 4 is connected to the water space of the drum 35 via downpipes 36 and risers 37.
  • a steam line 38 is connected to the steam chamber of the drum 35 and is led via the heating surfaces 12, 13 and a further steam line 39 to the heating surfaces 9, 10, 11 of the second flue gas duct 2 which are connected as superheaters.
  • the special feature of the circuit shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is that the heating surfaces 12, 13 lying between the heating surfaces 14, 15 serving as economizers and the heating surfaces 9, 10, 11 serving as superheaters are optionally switched as economizers or as superheaters can, depending on whether salt coal or low-alkali lignite is used.
  • the heating surfaces 12, 13 are connected to the circuit via connecting lines 43, 44, 45 and three-way valves 40, 41, 42.
  • the first three-way valve 40 is arranged in the feed water line 34.
  • a first connecting line 43 is connected to one of the outputs of the first three-way valve 40 and leads to the input of the heating surface 12.
  • the output of the heating surface 13 is connected via a second connecting line 44 to the part of the feed line 34 which lies between the drum 35 and the first three-way valve 40.
  • the steam line 38 is connected to the first connecting line 43 before entry into the heating surface 12 and contains a second three-way valve 41.
  • One input of this second three-way valve 41 is connected via a third connecting line 45 to the one to the input the heating surface 9 leading steam line 39 and connected to the one input of a third three-way valve 42.
  • This third three-way valve 42 lies in the second connecting line 44 between the outlet of the heating surface 13 and the drum 35.
  • the third connecting line 45 there is a connection between the steam space of the drum 35 and the superheater heating surfaces 9, 10, 11.
  • the heating surfaces 12, 13 are thus connected as economizers.
  • the economizer heating surfaces 14, 15 are connected directly to the drum 35 by switching the three-way valves 40, 41, 42, and this is via the steam line 38, the heating surfaces 12 , 13 and the steam line 39 connected to the superheater heating surfaces 9, 10, 11.
  • the connecting lines 43, 44, 45 are not flowed through.
  • the heating surfaces 12, 13 are thus switched as superheaters.
  • the optional switching of the heating surfaces 12, 13, which lie between the economiser heating surfaces 14, 15 and the superheater heating surfaces 9, 10, 11, either as an economiser or as a superheater, can be achieved in addition to the natural circulation process described and also in the forced operation process of steam generation .
  • the heating surfaces 12, 13 are switched as economizers according to FIG. 2.
  • an amount of cold flue gas is blown into the fluidized bed 6 and the free space above the fluidized bed 6 via the recirculation line 29 such that a bed temperature of approximately 740 degrees C. can be maintained.
  • the recirculated amount of flue gas is about 45% of the flue gas volume in full load.
  • the heating surfaces 12, 13 are switched as superheaters according to FIG. 3. At the same time, the amount of the returned flue gas is reduced to around 8%, thereby maintaining a bed temperature of around 850 degrees Celsius.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Claims (2)

1. Procédé de combustion de lignite dans un lit fluidisé, confiné dans un premier parcours de gaz de fumées, contenant un espace libre, auquel se raccordent deux parcours de fumées dans lesquels sont disposés comme surfaces de chauffe un surchauffeur et un économiseur, la température du lit fluidisé étant réglée, par recirculation d'un débit de gaz de fumées réglable, de telle façon que, lors de la combustion de lignite avec une teneur en alcali  ≧  2% dans les cendres (exprimée en Na₂O), elle soit maintenue entre 730 et 760°C, de préférence 740°C, respectivement dans le cas d'une teneur en alcali  ≦  2% dans les cendres de la lignite à brûler, elle soit maintenue entre 820 et 760°C, de préférence 850°C, et une surface de chauffe ou un groupe de surfaces de chauffe étant mis en circuit, au choix, comme économiseur lorsque la température du lit est maintenue à 730 à 760°C, ou, comme surchauffeur, lorsque la température du lit est maintenue entre 820 et 850°C.
2. Générateur de vapeur pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1, avec combustion de lignite dans un lit fluidisé (6), confiné dans un premier parcours de gaz de fumées (1), contenant un espace libre, auquel se raccordent deux parcours de fumées (2, 3), dans lesquels sont disposés comme surfaces de chauffe (9 à 15) un surchauffeur et un économiseur, une conduite de recirculation (29) menant de l'extrémité froide du générateur de vapeur jusqu'au lit fluidisé (6) et au premier parcours de gaz de fumées (1), une surface de chauffe (12, 13) ou un groupe de surfaces de chauffe (12, 13), étant mis en circuit, au choix comme économiseur ou comme surchauffeur, par l'intermédiaire de conduites de liaison (43, 44, 45) susceptibles d'être obturées.
EP89101389A 1988-04-28 1989-01-27 Générateur de vapeur pour la combustion de lignite avec des compositions différentes Expired - Lifetime EP0339185B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3814314A DE3814314C1 (fr) 1988-04-28 1988-04-28
DE3814314 1988-04-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0339185A1 EP0339185A1 (fr) 1989-11-02
EP0339185B1 true EP0339185B1 (fr) 1991-08-28

Family

ID=6353058

Family Applications (1)

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EP89101389A Expired - Lifetime EP0339185B1 (fr) 1988-04-28 1989-01-27 Générateur de vapeur pour la combustion de lignite avec des compositions différentes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4913097A (fr)
EP (1) EP0339185B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU604603B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD280578A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3814314C1 (fr)
HR (1) HRP930404A2 (fr)
YU (1) YU47157B (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2668815B1 (fr) * 1990-11-02 1993-04-09 Chauffe Cie Gle Procede d'incineration de dechets urbains dans une unite comportant un foyer a lit fluidise et une chaudiere, avec epuration intrinseque des fumees.
US5190451A (en) * 1991-03-18 1993-03-02 Combustion Power Company, Inc. Emission control fluid bed reactor
CA2105602A1 (fr) * 1993-09-07 1995-03-08 Ola Herstad Chaudiere a vapeur
US5755187A (en) * 1993-09-08 1998-05-26 Gotaverken Energy Ab Steam boiler with externally positioned superheating means
FR2711224B1 (fr) * 1993-10-12 1995-12-08 Guillot Ind Sa Dispositif de chauffage à recyclage partiel des gaz de combustion.
US5450801A (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-09-19 Abboud; Harry I. Fuel gas from incineration process
CH688837A5 (de) * 1994-01-14 1998-04-15 Asea Brown Boveri Dampferzeuger.
DE19652967C1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-04-09 Sbw Sonderabfallentsorgung Bad Feuerbestattungseinrichtung
DE19855670A1 (de) * 1998-12-02 1999-12-09 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampferzeugers und Dampferzeuger zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2002090829A1 (fr) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-14 Fortum Oyj Procede et arrangement pour la reduction des emissions d'oxyde d'azote en combustion sur lit fluidise
US7954458B2 (en) * 2007-11-14 2011-06-07 Alstom Technology Ltd Boiler having an integrated oxygen producing device
US20110083593A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 AirClean Technologies, Inc. Fluidized combustor
CN102221212B (zh) * 2011-07-15 2013-07-10 李登平 循环焚烧炉
US10415825B2 (en) * 2016-06-07 2019-09-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Methods of generating energy from cellulosic biofuel waste

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2916345A1 (de) * 1979-04-23 1980-11-13 Joachim Dipl Ing Nitschke Verfahren zur teillaststeuerung von wirbelbettfeuerungen und anordnung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
IE51626B1 (en) * 1980-08-18 1987-01-21 Fluidised Combustion Contract A fluidised bed furnace and power generating plant including such a furnace
US4363292A (en) * 1980-10-27 1982-12-14 A. Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio Fluidized bed reactor
US4416418A (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-11-22 Goodstine Stephen L Fluidized bed residential heating system
DD215144A1 (de) * 1983-05-19 1984-10-31 Wolfgang Kluge Verfahren zur verbrennung fester, salzhaltiger brennstoffe in wirbelschichtfeuerungen
DE3406200A1 (de) * 1984-02-21 1985-08-22 Deutsche Babcock Werke AG, 4200 Oberhausen Dampferzeuger mit einer stationaeren wirbelschichtfeuerung
JPH0229372Y2 (fr) * 1984-09-26 1990-08-07
CN1010425B (zh) * 1985-05-23 1990-11-14 西门子股份有限公司 沸腾炉
DE3712801A1 (de) * 1987-04-15 1988-11-03 Babcock Werke Ag Verfahren zum verfeuern von insb. salzhaltiger braunkohle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3814314C1 (fr) 1989-06-22
EP0339185A1 (fr) 1989-11-02
DE58900239D1 (de) 1991-10-02
US4913097A (en) 1990-04-03
AU604603B2 (en) 1990-12-20
DD280578A5 (de) 1990-07-11
AU3237789A (en) 1989-11-02
HRP930404A2 (en) 1994-08-31
YU83089A (sh) 1993-05-28
YU47157B (sh) 1995-01-31

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