EP0337475B1 - Pile driving apparatus - Google Patents

Pile driving apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0337475B1
EP0337475B1 EP89106670A EP89106670A EP0337475B1 EP 0337475 B1 EP0337475 B1 EP 0337475B1 EP 89106670 A EP89106670 A EP 89106670A EP 89106670 A EP89106670 A EP 89106670A EP 0337475 B1 EP0337475 B1 EP 0337475B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
column
jack
driving apparatus
cradle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89106670A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0337475A3 (en
EP0337475A2 (en
Inventor
Kong Sin Seng
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
V-PILE TECHNOLOGY (LUXEMBOURG) S.A.
Original Assignee
V-PILE TECHNOLOGY (LUXEMBOURG) SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by V-PILE TECHNOLOGY (LUXEMBOURG) SA filed Critical V-PILE TECHNOLOGY (LUXEMBOURG) SA
Publication of EP0337475A2 publication Critical patent/EP0337475A2/en
Publication of EP0337475A3 publication Critical patent/EP0337475A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0337475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0337475B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/14—Components for drivers inasmuch as not specially for a specific driver construction
    • E02D7/16—Scaffolds or supports for drivers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a pile driving apparatus of the kind defined by the precharacterising features of claim 1.
  • Jack piling apparatus are usually confined to situations where piles must be driven into the ground and no significant vibration and noise is permitted.
  • pile driving apparatuses have been proposed in the past. Several are discussed in "Pile Design and Construction Practice", third edition by M. J. Tomlinson, published in 1987.
  • Previously used jack piling apparatus employ the use of a jack which bears down directly onto the top of the pile to be driven into the ground. These systems are frequently referred to as “jack-in piling systems”. These systems are mainly used for underpinning foundations, but owing to their relative complexity, are not competitive with conventional piling systems and so are seldom used in new pile foundation works.
  • One previously used jack piling apparatus involves inserting a jack between the foundation to be underpinned and the top of the pile to be driven into the ground.
  • the foundations themselves provide the reaction force to the jacking.
  • jack piling apparatus are subject to many disadvantages.
  • the set up and positioning of the pile, and mobilization of the Kentledge or ballast to provide the reaction is slow.
  • a hydraulic jack is used which however, is restricted to shorter strokes. This means that extensive use of dolly sections is required, at least six times to jack down one section of the pile.
  • short and stout pile sections must be used, which means that the apparatus is only really suitable for larger bearing capacity piles (such as 40 tonnes above working load).
  • Such apparatus are also disadvantageous in that the extension pile prodecure is slow, and the joining of consecutive piles together, frequently done by welding is inefficient.
  • Such jack piling apparatuses can only install two pile positions per working day. This makes such jack-in piling systems uneconomical for extensive use even in the present pile foundation market.
  • a pile driving apparatus of the kind defined by the precharacterizing features of claim 1 is known from the US-A-4 555 090. This pile driving apparatus is used to drive fence posts into the ground, and the jacking force is transmitted to the side of the fence post by means of a clamping device in order to also be able to put out that post.
  • the disadvantages referred above are also valid for this known piling apparatus.
  • Each of the piling apparatus described above do not allow to measure the pile resistance or bearing capacitiy directly during the driving procedure.
  • a hydraulically powered attachment is known applying a driving force preferably in a vibratory or hammering action onto the top of a stake to be pressed into the ground or onto the top of logs or stakes to be split.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of the invention which comprises a base frame 1 having a platform 3 for supporting ballast or Kentledge 5.
  • the base frame 1 is preferably constructed of steel sections or steel plates which are sufficiently stiff to prevent any significant distortions occurring when the reaction force is applied during pile installation.
  • the base frame 1 is equipped with a levelling device in the form of jacks 7 positioned at each corner thereof.
  • Each jack 7 can be adjusted independently of one another so as to ensure that the base frame lies substantially horizontally, and in particular, to ensure that a pile 8 (see Figure 3) to be driven into the ground is vertical with respect to the ground.
  • the Kentledge or ballast may be weights totalling 40 tonnes.
  • One 10 tonne weight 9 may be positioned at each corner of the base frame 1 above a jack 7.
  • the pile driving apparatus comprises a column 11 positioned substantially perpendicular with respect to the base frame 1, and supported in position by means of steel supports 13. Bracing members 15 are provided on the base frame 1 in order to enhance the stiffness of the apparatus.
  • the column 11 will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
  • a lifting point 17 which can be attached to the hook of, for example, a mobile crane thereby enabling positioning of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus includes a pile loading device which consists of a cradle arm 19 which is pivotally mounted at point 21 to the base frame 1, at the lower end of the column 11.
  • a hydraulic jack 23 is positioned on the base frame 1 and comprises a hydraulic piston 25 which is connected to the cradle arm 19. The operation of the cradle arm will be discussed below.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate the column 11 of the pile driving apparatus in more detail.
  • the column 11 is constructed of a steel "H" profiled column which is of sufficient strength to transmit the reaction force from a jack means to the Kentledge.
  • the jack means is in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 27 and a hydraulic piston 29.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 27 is fixedly attached to the top end of one side of the column 11. This side of the column 11 forms a hydraulic jack compartment of the pile driving apparatus.
  • the other side of the column 11 forms the pile compartment 31 of the pile driving apparatus.
  • the pile compartment 31 receives the pile 8 for driving into the ground.
  • a transmission means transmits the pile driving force from the hydraulic cylinder 27 to the pile 8 contained in the pile compartment 31.
  • the transmission means comprises a jack thrust plate 33 onto which the driving load of the hydraulic piston 29 bears.
  • the jack thrust plate 33 is rigidly connected to a transmission plate 35 by means of a shear plate 37 which is welded onto the transmission plate.
  • the higher end of the transmission plate 35 is rigidly connected to a pile thrust plate 39 by means of another shear plate 41.
  • the web portion 43 of the column 11 is provided with an elongate slit running along the longitudinal length thereof for accommodating the transmission plate 35 and for permitting the transmission plate to move along the length of the column 11.
  • the configuration of transmission means is such that the hydraulic cylinder 27 and the hydraulic piston 29 can extend alongside the pile to be driven into the ground. Consequently, piles having a length substantially corresponding to the height of the column 11 may be driven into the ground with embodiments of the present invention.
  • stiffener plates 45 are welded along the length of the web portion 43 of the column 11.
  • a channel section 47 which acts as a guide for the transmission plate 35.
  • the channel section 47 also reduces the possibility of the transmission means twisting within the slit formed in the web portion 43.
  • the pile thrust plate 39 has a cross-section which corresponds to the cross-section of the pile 8. This thrust plate 39 makes contact with the pile to be driven into the ground.
  • the hydraulic piston 29 is capable of extending to substantially half the length of the pile 8, thereby driving half the length of the pile into the ground in one stroke.
  • This embodiment is provided with the pile loading device which comprises the cradle arm 19 which is pivotally mounted at the point 21 to the base frame 1 at the lower end of the column 11.
  • the operation of the pile loading device is as follows.
  • the cradle arm 19 is lowered, by means of the hydraulic jack 23 and piston 25, into a horizontal position as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the pile element 8 is then lifted and placed horizontally onto the cradle arm 19 either manually or by crane.
  • the hydraulic jack piston 25 then retracts causing the cradle arm 19 to swing into a vertical position together with the pile element to be loaded into the pile compartment 31 of the column 11.
  • a guide 49 is provided on the cradle arm 19 which ensures that the lowermost end of the pile element is correctly located above the correct position on the ground, or if the pile element is an extension pile, the adapter 49 ensures that the lowermost end of the pile extension accurately locates with the top of the pile element already driven into the ground.
  • the guide 49 may be adjusted to accommodate piles of different profiles and sizes.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the pile driving apparatus of the present embodiment mounted on a mobile base machine 50.
  • the pile driving apparatus may be transported by the mobile base machine 50 as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the column 11 is supported on the mobile base machine 50 by means of a steel hollow section column 51 which is pivotally supported at a point 53 of the mobile base machine 50.
  • the pile driving apparatus can be deployed by means of the hydraulic arm 55. During deployment, the mobile base machine 50 can be stabilized by means of a stability jack 57.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the pile driving apparatus mounted on a static base frame which is positioned using a mobile crane 52.
  • the mobile crane also loads the Kentledge onto the base frame.
  • the column 11 is suspended from the mobile crane 52 by means of a hook attached to the lifting point 17 of the column 11.
  • the horizontal positioning of the base frame 1 can be controlled by means of a position control attachment 59 which can be controlled by the mobile crane 52.
  • the mobile base machine or crane may be capable of lifting a 10 tonne load.
  • the bearing capacity of the pile may be 16 tonnes working load, and the pile length per element may be 5 metres.
  • the column 11 and base frame 1 are first lifted into place and positioned over the desired location.
  • the four 10 tonne Kentledge pieces are then lifted and placed into position on the base frame 1 to form the Kentledge. Levelling of the base frame 1 can then take place in order to ensure that the column 11 is vertical.
  • the cradle arm 19 is lowered to the horizontal position in order to receive the pile element.
  • the hydraulic jack 23 and 25 then lifts the cradle arm 19 and pile element into the pile compartment 31, and the pile thrust plate 39 is located on the top end of the pile.
  • the hydraulic cylinder and piston 27 and 29 can then drive the pile element, via the indirect jacking force method of the invention until, for example, half of the pile element is driven into the ground.
  • the hydraulic piston 29 can then be retracted to its original position when the loading of the pile took place.
  • the cradle arm 19 is again lowered to the horizontal position in order to receive a steel dolly.
  • the cradle arm 19 then lifts the dolly (not shown) into the pile compartment 31 with the dolly end resting flat on the half embedded pile element.
  • the hydraulic piston 29 is then activated again and the dolly pushes the remaining half of the pile element downwards.
  • the cradle arm 19 can then be used to remove the dolly and further extension pile elements can then be driven into the ground using the above procedure.
  • any pile elements protruding from the ground can be cut by means of an appropriate special cutter.
  • the Kentledge can then be unloaded from the base frame and the apparatus then lifted to another pile position for repeat procedures.
  • Adjacent ends of extension piles may be connected together by means of the "clip in" jointing system of the present invention.
  • An example of such a jointing system will be described below.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate an embodiment of clip-in jointing system according to the present invention.
  • the jointing assembly comprises a substantially "V"-shaped or triangular shaped plate 61 having the same cross-section as the pile element to be driven into the ground.
  • a recess 63 is formed on each of the three sides of the plate 61 for receiving a linking portion 65 of a substantially "U” or “C” shaped clip 67.
  • a plate 69 is welded to the plate 61 at each of the recess points 63, and provides a channel 71 or hole for receiving a leg 73 of the clip 67.
  • a bonding bar 75 is welded to each of the plates 69.
  • the end of the concrete pile is cast around the bonding bars 75 thereby securely bonding the plate 61 to the pile element.
  • Tensile stress resultants are transferred from the concrete pile element to the bonding bars 75 by interface bond. These stresses are in turn transferred through the channel shaped plate 69 and the V-shaped or triangular shaped plate 61 which have been welded to the bonding bars 75. Through contact stresses, the tensile stress resultants are transferred via the clip 67 to the adjacent pile end of similar construction.
  • the two legs 73 of the clip 67 can be simply and easily inserted into the channels 71.
  • the clip 67 is slightly profiled during manufacture to provide a slight interference or press fit during insertion at the joint.
  • Three or more clips 67 are positioned in order to rigidly secure the pile end together thereby restraining relative movement therebetween in each of the 6 degrees of freedom (ie 3 rotations and 3 translations).
  • moderate side dimensions of piles may be employed, for example, 100 mm to 200 mm, whereas in established systems 300 mm2 precast concrete piles are used.
  • embodiments of the invention enable Kentledge to be placed on a mobile machine or on the base frame of the apparatus itself.
  • the Kentledge can easily be moved to a new position where required, and is not restricted to the position of the existing foundations.
  • Embodiments of the invention are also advantageous in that they permit a long stroke of the jack, for example, 1.5 to 4 metres thereby enabling an entire pile element to be installed in two strokes.
  • conventional systems have a short jack stroke of, for example, 0.25 metres thereby requiring a multiple number of strokes required to install a single pile element.
  • Embodiments of the invention may incorporate the clip-in jointing system described hereinabove which enables the joints of adjacent piles to be established speedily. This contrasts with prior art arrangements wherein precast concrete elements are bonded together by inserting short steel bars into the longitudinal central hole, and subsequently grouting them with cement.
  • Embodiments of the present invention enable full use of the available headroom, the headroom corresponding substantially to the length of each pile element to be used.
  • a 3 metre length of pile element may be installed in the headroom of only 3.1 metres.
  • a working headroom of about 1.8 metres enables installation of only a 1.2 metre length of open-ended steel tube.
  • Embodiments of the invention also enable the use of twin or multiple hydraulic jacks to be used for providing the jacking force.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
EP89106670A 1988-04-15 1989-04-14 Pile driving apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0337475B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8808988 1988-04-15
GB8808988A GB2217366B (en) 1988-04-15 1988-04-15 Pile driving apparatus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0337475A2 EP0337475A2 (en) 1989-10-18
EP0337475A3 EP0337475A3 (en) 1990-04-25
EP0337475B1 true EP0337475B1 (en) 1995-02-22

Family

ID=10635286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89106670A Expired - Lifetime EP0337475B1 (en) 1988-04-15 1989-04-14 Pile driving apparatus

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0337475B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR0160117B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1019323B (zh)
AU (1) AU626088B2 (zh)
CA (2) CA1336545C (zh)
DE (1) DE68921231T2 (zh)
GB (1) GB2217366B (zh)
HK (1) HK126393A (zh)
IN (1) IN175125B (zh)
MY (1) MY103708A (zh)
NZ (1) NZ228740A (zh)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2248082B (en) * 1990-09-18 1994-11-16 Concilink Pile driving
GB2260776A (en) * 1991-10-25 1993-04-28 Sum Cheong Machinery Pte Ltd Pile driving apparatus
CN1034750C (zh) * 1992-09-11 1997-04-30 管明德 锚梁式静压桩法及其压桩专用设备
GB9724024D0 (en) 1997-11-13 1998-01-14 Kvaerner Cementation Found Ltd Improved piling method
HK1027264A2 (en) * 2000-08-11 2000-12-15 Shu Tong Siu Hydrostatic pressure ramming machine
AU785079B2 (en) * 2002-03-15 2006-09-14 Ho Choon Aw Stone column construction for ground improvement
AT509461B1 (de) * 2010-09-27 2011-09-15 Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz Stopfmaschine
CN115324051B (zh) * 2022-04-13 2024-05-07 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 灌注桩钻机配套用多功能辅助机架

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1161796A (en) * 1966-09-01 1969-08-20 Philip Wilson Turner Improvements in and relating to Pile Drivers.
JPS539001B2 (zh) * 1973-05-18 1978-04-03
NL7704669A (nl) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-05 Hanebeck Bau Gmbh Inrichting voor het geluidloos indrijven van damwandplanken en dergelijke bouwdelen.
NL7800182A (nl) * 1978-01-06 1979-07-10 Ballast Nedam Groep Nv Werkwijze voor het in de grond brengen van een betonnen paal.
GB2028902B (en) * 1978-08-29 1982-08-11 Spence D Hydraulically powered attachment for a tractor
US4555090A (en) * 1983-09-23 1985-11-26 Averhoff Wil W Fence post driving and pulling apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1037941A (zh) 1989-12-13
CN1019323B (zh) 1992-12-02
CA1339457C (en) 1997-09-16
DE68921231T2 (de) 1995-07-13
KR0160117B1 (ko) 1999-01-15
HK126393A (en) 1993-11-26
DE68921231D1 (de) 1995-03-30
EP0337475A3 (en) 1990-04-25
GB2217366B (en) 1992-05-06
AU626088B2 (en) 1992-07-23
MY103708A (en) 1993-08-28
NZ228740A (en) 1992-03-26
IN175125B (zh) 1995-04-29
KR900016550A (ko) 1990-11-13
AU3303889A (en) 1989-10-19
GB8808988D0 (en) 1988-05-18
GB2217366A (en) 1989-10-25
CA1336545C (en) 1995-08-08
EP0337475A2 (en) 1989-10-18

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