EP0336864A1 - Construction process of an open chambers furnace to avoid deformations - Google Patents
Construction process of an open chambers furnace to avoid deformations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0336864A1 EP0336864A1 EP89420130A EP89420130A EP0336864A1 EP 0336864 A1 EP0336864 A1 EP 0336864A1 EP 89420130 A EP89420130 A EP 89420130A EP 89420130 A EP89420130 A EP 89420130A EP 0336864 A1 EP0336864 A1 EP 0336864A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- prestressing
- chambers
- concrete
- oven
- furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
- F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
- F27B13/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of this type
- F27B13/08—Casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of constructing ovens with open chambers, also called “rotary fire ovens” or “fire advancement ovens” mainly intended for cooking carbon anodes for the production of aluminum by electrolysis according to the Hall process. -Héroult.
- This type of furnace generally comprises two parallel spans, the total length of which can reach nearly two hundred meters.
- Each span comprises a succession of chambers, separated by transverse walls and open at their upper part to allow the loading of raw anodes (or other carbonaceous blocks) and the unloading of cooled cooked anodes.
- Each chamber comprises, arranged parallel to the major axis of the oven, a set of hollow partitions, with relatively thin walls in which the hot gases ensuring cooking will circulate, these partitions alternating with cells in which the baking anodes which are embedded are stacked. in carbonaceous dust (coke, anthracite, or any other powdery packing material).
- carbonaceous dust coke, anthracite, or any other powdery packing material
- the chambers of a span are contained in a concrete casing formed by a horizontal raft and two vertical sails.
- the concrete is protected from temperature, inside, by thermal insulation.
- the entire oven is housed in a building supporting the rolling tracks of handling equipment.
- the ovens are buried or semi-buried, which simplifies operation, handling and reduces investment costs.
- Concrete casing walls are subjected to three types of force: - horizontal thrust on the sails by the refractory which constitutes the chambers, from the inside to the outside.
- the object of the invention is therefore a method of constructing the concrete casing of a chamber furnace which very greatly reduces the deformations due to the differential thermal expansion between the various elements of the furnace and to the thrusts of all kinds which are exerted on the walls.
- the invention consists of a method of constructing an oven with open chambers intended for cooking carbonaceous blocks, this oven consisting of a plurality of chambers arranged in series on one or two parallel spans, each chamber being contained in a concrete casing formed by a raft and concrete side sails, characterized in that there is on the external face of each sail a plurality of vertical buttresses which are put under prestress in the direction vertical.
- the prestressing is applied by means of at least one fixed steel cable, at the two ends on a metal plate coming to bear at the base and at the top of each buttress.
- the upper part of the transverse walls which separate the different chambers of the oven is held in place with a tie rod on which an adjustable tension is applied between 0 and 200 kN.
- FIG. 1 we see the partitions 1 connected at their upper part, by nozzles 2, to the pipe 3 itself connected to the general manifold 4.
- the suction and blowing pipes are connected to the ports of the chambers according to our FR patent 2,535,834.
- the baffles 7 of the heating partitions are intended to lengthen the path of the hot gases and to homogenize the temperature in the partition.
- the openers 8 allow the installation, in correlation with the advancement of the fire, of the blowing, suction and burner pipes.
- the successive chambers are separated by transverse walls 9.
- the successive partitions of the various chambers are brought into communication by openings 10, located at the upper part of the transverse wall.
- the main axis of the furnace is indicated by the line XX ′.
- Figure 2 which is a very simplified cross section, we has shown, in thickened lines, the concrete webs 11 which constitute the framework of the furnace, which is supported by a raft 12 resting on piles 13, the depth of which depends on the nature of the terrain T.
- the prestressing is carried out by insertion over the entire height of the buttress, of prestressing cables 15, coated with a protective sheath 16, injected after tensioning the cables, and bolted at their two ends on plates 17, which are supported on the upper and lower ends of each buttress 14.
- a shutter device installed inside the partition such as for example the deployable shutter which is the subject of our French patent application 87-08564, filed on June 9, 1987, it is then possible to remove the transverse wall outlet 10 A and to achieve communication between the rooms by an opening 10 A, which no longer constitutes a weak point of the wall, and which can be closed thanks to the deployable shutter introduced by the opening 8A closest to the corresponding partition.
- the deployable shutter introduced by the opening 8A closest to the corresponding partition.
- FIG. 6 it becomes possible to energize the upper part of the wall 9, by means of at least one tie rod 21 arranged horizontally, and anchored on two steel plates 22 placed in abutment on the two ends of the wall 9.
- the tension is adjustable between 0 and 200 kN by spring and / or "Belleville" washer, or any other equivalent means.
- the invention was implemented during the reconstruction of an oven with rooms with two parallel spans, with a total width of 25 meters.
- the side sails 11 have a height of 5 meters, a length of 10 meters and are reinforced by 5 buttresses put under prestressing as shown in FIG. 5 by means of two steel cables surrounded by a metal protective sheath.
- the prestressing force applied was fixed at 600 kN by cable.
- the upper part of the transverse walls has been tensioned by means of a metal tie 21 adjusted so that the maximum force exerted during the passage of the fire is equal to 140 kN. After one year of uninterrupted operation, it was found that the maximum range of movement of the veil in the upper part during the passage of the light did not exceed 25 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
- Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de construction des fours à chambres ouvertes, également appelés "fours à feu tournant" ou "fours à avancement de feu" principalement destinés à la cuisson des anodes carbonées pour la production d'aluminum par électrolyse selon le procédé Hall-Héroult.The invention relates to a method of constructing ovens with open chambers, also called "rotary fire ovens" or "fire advancement ovens" mainly intended for cooking carbon anodes for the production of aluminum by electrolysis according to the Hall process. -Héroult.
Ce type de four comporte généralement deux travées parallèles dont la longueur totale peut atteindre près de deux cents mètres. Chaque travée comporte une succession de chambres, séparées par des murs transversaux et ouvertes à leur partie supérieure pour permettre le chargement des anodes (ou autres blocs carbonés) crues et le déchargement des anodes cuites refroidies. Chaque chambre comporte, disposées parallèlement au grand axe du four, un ensemble de cloisons creuses, à parois relativement minces dans lesquelles vont circuler les gaz chauds assurant la cuisson, ces cloisons alternant avec des alvéoles dans lesquelles on empile les anodes à cuire qui sont noyées dans une poussière carbonée (coke, anthracite, ou tout autre matériau de garnissage pulvérulent). Il y a, par exemple de 16 à 74 chambres et par chambre 7 cloisons chauffantes séparant 6 alvéoles. Lors de la cuisson, la température maximale atteinte est de l'ordre de 1200°C.
Les chambres d'une travée sont contenues dans un cuvelage en béton formé d'un radier horizontal et de deux voiles verticaux. Le béton est protégé de la température, côté intérieur, par une isolation thermique. L'ensemble du four est abrité par un bâtiment supportant les chemins de roulement des engins de manutention.
Généralement, lorsque le niveau de la nappe phréatique ne s'y oppose pas, les fours sont enterrés ou semi-enterrés, ce qui simplifie l'exploitation, la manutention et réduit les coûts d'investissement. Les parois de cuvelage en béton sont soumises à trois types d'efforts :
- poussée horizontale sur les voiles par le réfractaire qui constitue les chambres, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur. Ces contraintes peuvent atteindre à la base des voiles un niveau de 400 kN par mètre linéaire.
- poussée du terrain, du fait du remblaiement, en sens inverse de cette première poussée.
- effet "bilame" (dilatation différentielle) du radier enterré ou semi-enterré et des voiles dû au gradient de température dans leur épaisseur.
Le remblaiement fait que les déformations échappent à l'observation directe et se manifestent à la longue de façons différentes suivant le niveau et le type de remblaiement:
- dans les fours enterrés, il y a fléchissement des voiles vers l'intérieur du four, ce qui gêne les manutentions d'anodes dans les alvéoles en déformant le réfractaire par compression; dans ce cas, la poussée du terrain est prépondérante.
- dans les fours semi-enterrés la poussée du réfractaire l'emporte et les voiles fléchissent vers l'extérieur; il en résulte une désorganisation du briquetage qui "s'épanouit" dans l'espace agrandi et l'application d'une force plus ou moins grande sur le bâtiment lorsque les voiles arrivent à son contact, notamment au niveau des poteaux supportant la charpente métallique.
La présente invention se propose de remédier à cet état de fait.This type of furnace generally comprises two parallel spans, the total length of which can reach nearly two hundred meters. Each span comprises a succession of chambers, separated by transverse walls and open at their upper part to allow the loading of raw anodes (or other carbonaceous blocks) and the unloading of cooled cooked anodes. Each chamber comprises, arranged parallel to the major axis of the oven, a set of hollow partitions, with relatively thin walls in which the hot gases ensuring cooking will circulate, these partitions alternating with cells in which the baking anodes which are embedded are stacked. in carbonaceous dust (coke, anthracite, or any other powdery packing material). There are, for example from 16 to 74 rooms and per room 7 heating partitions separating 6 cells. During cooking, the maximum temperature reached is around 1200 ° C.
The chambers of a span are contained in a concrete casing formed by a horizontal raft and two vertical sails. The concrete is protected from temperature, inside, by thermal insulation. The entire oven is housed in a building supporting the rolling tracks of handling equipment.
Generally, when the level of the water table does not oppose it, the ovens are buried or semi-buried, which simplifies operation, handling and reduces investment costs. Concrete casing walls are subjected to three types of force:
- horizontal thrust on the sails by the refractory which constitutes the chambers, from the inside to the outside. These constraints can reach at the base of the sails a level of 400 kN per linear meter.
- pushing of the ground, due to backfilling, in the opposite direction to this first push.
- "bimetal" effect (differential expansion) of the buried or semi-buried raft and sails due to the temperature gradient in their thickness.
Backfilling means that deformations escape direct observation and manifest themselves in different ways depending on the level and type of backfill:
- In buried ovens, there is a deflection of the webs towards the interior of the oven, which hinders the handling of anodes in the cells by deforming the refractory by compression; in this case, the thrust of the terrain is preponderant.
- in semi-buried ovens the push of the refractory material prevails and the sails flex outwards; this results in a disorganization of the brickwork which "flourishes" in the enlarged space and the application of a greater or lesser force on the building when the sails come into contact with it, in particular at the posts supporting the metal frame .
The present invention proposes to remedy this state of affairs.
L'objet de l'invention est donc un procédé de construction du cuvelage en béton d'un four à chambres qui réduit très fortement les déformations dues aux dilatations thermiques différentielles entre les différents éléments du four et aux poussées de toutes natures qui s'exercent sur les parois.The object of the invention is therefore a method of constructing the concrete casing of a chamber furnace which very greatly reduces the deformations due to the differential thermal expansion between the various elements of the furnace and to the thrusts of all kinds which are exerted on the walls.
De façon plus précise, l'invention consiste en un procédé de construction d'un four à chambres ouvertes destiné à la cuisson de blocs carbonés, ce four étant constitué d'une pluralité de chambres disposées en série sur une ou deux travées parallèles, chaque chambre étant contenue dans un cuvelage en béton formé d'un radier et de voiles latéraux en béton, caractérisé en ce que l'on dispose sur la face externe de chaque voile une pluralité de contreforts verticaux que l'on met sous précontrainte dans le sens vertical.
La précontrainte est appliquée au moyen d'au moins un câble d'acier fixé, aux deux extrémités sur une plaque métallique venant en appui à la base et au sommet de chaque contrefort.More specifically, the invention consists of a method of constructing an oven with open chambers intended for cooking carbonaceous blocks, this oven consisting of a plurality of chambers arranged in series on one or two parallel spans, each chamber being contained in a concrete casing formed by a raft and concrete side sails, characterized in that there is on the external face of each sail a plurality of vertical buttresses which are put under prestress in the direction vertical.
The prestressing is applied by means of at least one fixed steel cable, at the two ends on a metal plate coming to bear at the base and at the top of each buttress.
De plus la partie supérieure des murs transversaux qui séparent les différentes chambres du four, est maintenue à l'aide d'un tirant sur lequel on applique une tension réglable comprise entre 0 et 200 kN.In addition, the upper part of the transverse walls which separate the different chambers of the oven is held in place with a tie rod on which an adjustable tension is applied between 0 and 200 kN.
Les figures 1 à 6 illustrent l'invention.
- . La figure 1 rappelle pour la bonne compréhension de l'invention, la structure des chambres, des alvéoles et des murs transversaux.
- . La figure 2 schématise la direction de la poussée principale selon que le four est enterré (à droite de la figure) ou semi-enterré (à gauche de la figure).
- . La figure 3 schématise en vue de dessus, complétée par une élévation 3A, et la figure 4 en coupe transversale, la structure d'un cuvelage de four selon l'invention.
- . La figure 5 représente le renforcement, par mise sous précontrainte, des contreforts des voiles.
- . La figure 6 représente la mise sous tension par un tirant de la partie supérieure des murs transversaux.
- . Figure 1 recalls for the proper understanding of the invention, the structure of the chambers, cells and transverse walls.
- . Figure 2 shows schematically the direction of the main thrust according to whether the oven is buried (on the right of the figure) or semi-buried (on the left of the figure).
- . Figure 3 shows schematically in top view, supplemented by an elevation 3A, and Figure 4 in cross section, the structure of an oven casing according to the invention.
- . FIG. 5 represents the reinforcement, by prestressing, of the buttresses of the sails.
- . Figure 6 shows the tensioning by a tie of the upper part of the transverse walls.
Sur la figure 1, on voit les cloisons 1 reliées à leur partie supérieure, par des ajutages 2, à la pipe 3 elle-même raccordée au collecteur général 4. Les pipes d'aspiration et de soufflage sont raccordées aux ouvreaux des chambres selon notre brevet FR 2 535 834. Dans les alvéoles 5 sont disposées les anodes à cuire 6, visibles sur l'écorché de la partie gauche de la figure 1.In FIG. 1, we see the
Les chicanes 7 des cloisons chauffantes ont pour but d'allonger le trajet des gaz chauds et d'homogénéiser la température dans la cloison. A la partie supérieure des chambres, les ouvreaux 8 permettent la mise en place, en corrélation avec l'avancement du feu, des pipes de soufflage, d'aspiration et des brûleurs. Les chambres successives sont séparées par des murs transversaux 9. Les cloisons successives des différentes chambres sont mises en communication par des ouvertures 10, situées à la partie supérieure du mur transversal. Le grand axe du four est indiqué par la ligne XX′.The baffles 7 of the heating partitions are intended to lengthen the path of the hot gases and to homogenize the temperature in the partition. At the upper part of the chambers, the
Sur la figure 2 qui est une coupe transversale très simplifiée, on a représenté, en trait épaissi, les voiles en béton 11 qui constituent l'ossature du four, qui est supportée par un radier 12 reposant sur des pieux 13 dont la profondeur dépend de la nature du terrain T.In Figure 2 which is a very simplified cross section, we has shown, in thickened lines, the
Sur les figures 3, 3A et 4, les voiles 11 ont été, selon l'invention, munis de contreforts extérieurs 14, mis sous précontrainte.In FIGS. 3, 3A and 4, the
Comme indiqué sur la figure 5, la mise sous précontrainte est effectuée par insertion sur toute la hauteur du contrefort, de câbles de précontrainte 15, enrobés d'une gaine protectrice 16, injectée après mise en tension des câbles, et boulonnés à leurs deux extrémités sur des plaques 17, qui sont en appui sur les extrémités haute et basse de chaque contrefort 14.As indicated in FIG. 5, the prestressing is carried out by insertion over the entire height of the buttress, of prestressing
En complément de ce renforcement des voiles, on peut intervenir sur les murs transversaux 9. En effet, dans la conception classique des murs, ceux-ci sont munis à leur partie supérieure d'ouvreaux 10A destinées au passage des registres qui permettent d'établir ou d'interrompre la circulation des gaz de combustion dans les cloisons chauffantes 1 en fonction du cycle de chauffage.In addition to this reinforcement of the sails, it is possible to intervene on the
Si l'on utilise un dispositif d'obturation mis en place à l'intérieur de la cloison tel que par exemple l'obturateur déployable faisant l'objet de notre demande de brevet français 87-08564, déposée le 9 Juin 1987, il est alors possible de supprimer l'ouvreau de mur transversal 10 A et de réaliser la communication entre les chambres par une ouverture 10 A, qui ne constitue plus un point faible du mur, et que l'on peut obturer grâce à l'obturateur déployable introduit par l'ouvreau 8A le plus proche de la cloison correspondante.
Dans ces conditions, comme illustré sur la figure 6, il devient possible de mettre sous tension la partie haute du mur 9, au moyen d'au moins un tirant 21 disposé horizontalement, et ancré sur deux plaques d'acier 22 placées en appui sur les deux extrémités du mur 9.
La tension est ajustable entre 0 et 200 kN par ressort et/ou rondelle "Belleville", ou tout autre moyen équivalent.If a shutter device installed inside the partition is used such as for example the deployable shutter which is the subject of our French patent application 87-08564, filed on June 9, 1987, it is then possible to remove the transverse wall outlet 10 A and to achieve communication between the rooms by an opening 10 A, which no longer constitutes a weak point of the wall, and which can be closed thanks to the deployable shutter introduced by the opening 8A closest to the corresponding partition.
Under these conditions, as illustrated in FIG. 6, it becomes possible to energize the upper part of the
The tension is adjustable between 0 and 200 kN by spring and / or "Belleville" washer, or any other equivalent means.
L'invention a été mise en oeuvre lors de la reconstruction d'un four à chambres comportant deux travées parallèles, avec une largeur totale de 25 mètres.
Les voiles latéraux 11 ont une hauteur de 5 mètres, une longueur de 10 mètres et sont renforcés par 5 contreforts mis sous précontrainte comme indiqué sur la figure 5 au moyen de deux câbles en acier entourés d'une gaine métallique de protection.
La force de précontrainte appliquée a été fixée à 600 kN par câble. La partie supérieure des murs transversaux a été mise sous tension au moyen d'un tirant métallique 21 réglé de telle manière que la force maximum qui s'exerce lors du passage du feu soit égale à 140 kN. Après un an de fonctionnement ininterrompu, on a constaté que l'amplitude maximale de déplacement du voile en partie haute lors du passage du feu ne dépassait pas 25 mm.The invention was implemented during the reconstruction of an oven with rooms with two parallel spans, with a total width of 25 meters.
The side sails 11 have a height of 5 meters, a length of 10 meters and are reinforced by 5 buttresses put under prestressing as shown in FIG. 5 by means of two steel cables surrounded by a metal protective sheath.
The prestressing force applied was fixed at 600 kN by cable. The upper part of the transverse walls has been tensioned by means of a
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8805251A FR2629906B1 (en) | 1988-04-08 | 1988-04-08 | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING OVEN WITH OPEN CHAMBERS TO AVOID THEIR DEFORMATION |
| FR8805251 | 1988-04-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0336864A1 true EP0336864A1 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
| EP0336864B1 EP0336864B1 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
Family
ID=9365505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89420130A Expired - Lifetime EP0336864B1 (en) | 1988-04-08 | 1989-04-06 | Construction process of an open chambers furnace to avoid deformations |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4957428A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0336864B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU609961B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1333750C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68900741D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2629906B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO170363C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1733060A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2006-12-20 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Metal scrap submergence apparatus |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2779811B1 (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 2000-07-28 | Pechiney Aluminium | ROTATING FIRE OVEN WITH TUBULAR CENTRAL FLOW |
| CN102435071B (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2015-12-09 | 王国强 | The bearing calibration of deformed fire path wall of roasting furnace |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR926836A (en) * | 1946-05-13 | 1947-10-13 | Brick kiln | |
| GB801943A (en) * | 1956-04-25 | 1958-09-24 | Edward David Bacheler Russell | Improvements in or relating to kilns for firing articles consisting of clay or brick earth or the like |
| GB827896A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-02-10 | Edward David Bacheler Russell | Improvements in or relating to kilns for firing articles consisting of clay or brick-earth or the like |
-
1988
- 1988-04-08 FR FR8805251A patent/FR2629906B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-03-23 US US07/327,703 patent/US4957428A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-28 CA CA000594878A patent/CA1333750C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-29 NO NO891324A patent/NO170363C/en unknown
- 1989-04-04 AU AU32433/89A patent/AU609961B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-04-06 EP EP89420130A patent/EP0336864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-06 DE DE8989420130T patent/DE68900741D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR926836A (en) * | 1946-05-13 | 1947-10-13 | Brick kiln | |
| GB801943A (en) * | 1956-04-25 | 1958-09-24 | Edward David Bacheler Russell | Improvements in or relating to kilns for firing articles consisting of clay or brick earth or the like |
| GB827896A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-02-10 | Edward David Bacheler Russell | Improvements in or relating to kilns for firing articles consisting of clay or brick-earth or the like |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1733060A1 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2006-12-20 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Metal scrap submergence apparatus |
| EP1733060A4 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2007-04-25 | Pyrotek Inc | Metal scrap submergence apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4957428A (en) | 1990-09-18 |
| NO170363C (en) | 1992-10-07 |
| AU3243389A (en) | 1989-10-12 |
| CA1333750C (en) | 1995-01-03 |
| DE68900741D1 (en) | 1992-03-05 |
| FR2629906B1 (en) | 1991-02-08 |
| NO170363B (en) | 1992-06-29 |
| NO891324L (en) | 1989-10-09 |
| NO891324D0 (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| AU609961B2 (en) | 1991-05-09 |
| FR2629906A1 (en) | 1989-10-13 |
| EP0336864B1 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2848676B2 (en) | Bushing | |
| CA2614453C (en) | Chamber setting with improved expansion joints and bricks for making same | |
| US4422902A (en) | Method of operating a coke oven | |
| EP0336864B1 (en) | Construction process of an open chambers furnace to avoid deformations | |
| CA1276435C (en) | Product drying and cooking installations | |
| EP0089862B2 (en) | Coke oven battery and process for repairing old batteries | |
| CH657695A5 (en) | OVEN WITH OPEN ROOMS, FOR COOKING CARBON BLOCKS, COMPRISING A BLOWING PIPE. | |
| FR2516536A1 (en) | TUBE CRACKING OVEN FOR INDIRECT HEATING OF MEDIA FOR CRACKING | |
| US4744867A (en) | Door liner and door assembly for a coke oven | |
| EP0466530B1 (en) | Furnace wall and process for its manufacture | |
| EP0268527B1 (en) | Process for the sealed stacking of flat elements, and device having flat elements stacked according to this process | |
| US1034328A (en) | Door for coke-ovens. | |
| FR2586031A1 (en) | Self-drying and cooling carbonisation unit | |
| FR2588942A1 (en) | UNIVERSAL FIREPLACE FOR SOLID FUELS | |
| BE705680A (en) | ||
| BE527969A (en) | ||
| FR2552534A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR SEALING A PARTITION IN A GLASS FUSING OVEN AND GLASS FUSING OVEN SEALED USING THE SAME | |
| FR2526804A1 (en) | IMPROVED REFRACTORY MASONRY FOR COKE OVEN DOORS | |
| FR2516535A1 (en) | TUBE CRACKING OVEN FOR INDIRECT HEATING OF MEDIA FOR CRACKING | |
| BE408598A (en) | Horizontal chamber furnace for the production of gas and coke. | |
| BE368783A (en) | ||
| JP2004091759A (en) | Coke oven cover having easily mendable closed space for circulating gas generated in oven | |
| BE334593A (en) | ||
| BE342234A (en) | ||
| FR2514470A1 (en) | COMBUSTION CHAMBER WALL COATING FOR SOLID COMBUSTION HEATING BOILER |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19891027 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910430 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ALUMINIUM PECHINEY |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE GB IT NL |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. A. GIAMBROCONO & C. S.R.L. |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 68900741 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19920305 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19930315 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19950103 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19970313 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19970430 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980406 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981101 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980406 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19981101 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050406 |