EP0334977A1 - Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstoffe - Google Patents

Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334977A1
EP0334977A1 EP88104991A EP88104991A EP0334977A1 EP 0334977 A1 EP0334977 A1 EP 0334977A1 EP 88104991 A EP88104991 A EP 88104991A EP 88104991 A EP88104991 A EP 88104991A EP 0334977 A1 EP0334977 A1 EP 0334977A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
alkali
lubricant
components
alkaline earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88104991A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0334977B1 (de
Inventor
Heinz-Rüdiger Dr.rer.nat. Vogel
Hans Dr.Sc.Techn. Fiedler
Harri Dr.-Ing. Weinhold
Dieter Rauschenbach
Jürgen Dipl.-Chem. Reichert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH filed Critical Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Priority to DE8888104991T priority Critical patent/DE3879181D1/de
Priority to AT88104991T priority patent/ATE86653T1/de
Priority to EP88104991A priority patent/EP0334977B1/de
Publication of EP0334977A1 publication Critical patent/EP0334977A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0334977B1 publication Critical patent/EP0334977B1/de
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    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
    • C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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    • C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
    • C10M2207/243—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof used as base material
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
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    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
    • C10M2209/123—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers used as base material
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lubricants for hot forming, in particular for die forging, as well as for cold forming, for example for cold rolling, cold heading, thread rolling, drawing sheet metal parts, calibrating sintered parts, stranding and bending and in particular for the drawing of stranded Umformgut, such as wire, Profiles and pipes.
  • lubricants When forging metal forming material, lubricants are used which serve to achieve a separating effect between the material to be formed and the tool, reduce tool wear and contribute to the cooling of the tool.
  • a lubricant i.a. such known on water basis.
  • One of these known lubricants contains in water adipic acid, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, conventional lubricant additives and graphite for certain applications (DE-A-30 13 842).
  • adipic acid with the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to adipic acid salts, which are the main lubricant.
  • This lubricant is with the Lack lacks that it can not be used without graphite addition for severe forming conditions in which the tools are particularly highly stressed and good lubrication is required because the adipic acid salts are not highly resilient due to their relatively low melting point.
  • the graphite additive necessary for such conditions leads to an increase in the cost of the lubricant, causes a deterioration of the release effect of the lubricant between the tool and Umformgut and leads to environmental problems due to pollutant emissions and pollution of the workplace.
  • lubricants for the application of cold-working lubricant layers applied either directly to the metallic material or to previously applied lubricant carrier layers, a variety of lubricants are known, i.a. also those containing one or more lubricants in water.
  • lubricants consists of an aqueous suspension containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum and / or barium stearate as a lubricant.
  • surfactants are also present in this suspension as dispersants, a lignin compound as a dispersion stabilizer and chloroparaffins and / or sulfurized fatty oil.
  • the application of this lubricant is carried out in such a way that the drawn material dipped in heated lubricant, then dried and then transformed.
  • These lubricant coatings do not have a very high dynamic viscosity, so that only relatively low deformation rates and deformation rates can be realized in difficult to convert materials.
  • aqueous lubricant containing water-soluble alkali soaps and pyrophosphate is also known (DE-A-1 594 502, US-A-3 313 728).
  • water-insoluble soaps e.g. Alkaline earth soap
  • the use of pyrophosphate is not possible because the alkaline earth metal soaps react with the pyrophosphate and an unstable, as a lubricant unusable product results.
  • aqueous lubricants based on calcium stearate and soluble pyrophosphate solidify depending on the concentration within hours to days to a solid gel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide for a high-performance hot and cold forming suitable, environmentally friendly, long-term stable and cheap lubricant, which have good adhesion and high pressure absorption capacity or a high and variable dynamic viscosity and thus an economical production of high quality Allow products with little tool wear.
  • This lubricant is particularly suitable for the cold forming of metallic materials.
  • lubricant according to the invention which is particularly suitable for cold forming in this composition, 2 to 8% by mass of alkaline earth soaps A, 0.2 to 1.5% by mass of alkali or ammonium borate B, 3 to 6% by mass Alkali or ammonium phosphate C and 0.1 to 0.8% by mass of polymeric organic compounds.
  • this lubricant are 2 to 8 mass% Erdalkaliseifen A, 1.2 to 8 mass% alkali or ammonium borate B, 0 to 0.5 mass% of alkali metal or ammonium phosphate C and 0 to 2.5 Mass% polymeric organic compounds D included.
  • this lubricant for hot forming 0.5 to 6 mass% alkaline earth metal soaps A, 0.5 to 3 mass% alkali or ammonium borate B, 1 to 7 mass% alkali or ammonium phosphate C and 0.15 to 0 , 5 mass% contain polymeric organic compounds.
  • alkaline earth soap A can be lime soaps having an increased stearate content of up to 65% by mass and sodium borate or sodium metaborate as alkali borate B.
  • the alkali metal phosphate C used according to the invention is preferably sodium polyphosphate, in particular Graham's salt.
  • Suitable polymeric organic compounds D are in particular polyvinyl alcohol, oxidatively modified polyvinyl alcohol, gelatinized starch and / or nonylphenol-polyethylene oxide adducts.
  • the lubricant according to the invention With the lubricant according to the invention, considerable advantages are achieved in the hot forming compared to the previously customary procedure in which working with a graphite dispersion. Thus, as a result of the elimination of the graphite contamination, the working conditions and environmental protection are substantially improved. Due to the very good lubricating properties also the tool life is much higher. The very good forming properties of the lubricant arise in a surprising manner probably by taking place on the tool partial thermal decomposition of the components contained in the lubricant to form acidic reactive decomposition products, apparently a favorable combination of lubricating and blowing action in the Wirkfuge between the workpiece and tool , combined with a favorable thermal insulation result.
  • the lubricants according to the invention can be produced with inexpensive raw materials and thus have a favorable effect on the cost-effectiveness of forming metallic products. It is also advantageous that the lubricants are prone to settling or gel formation even after prolonged storage.
  • adhesive-resistant and high-performance lubricant layers can be produced with the lubricants according to the invention. This reduces tool wear, improves product quality and allows high degrees of reshaping and forming speeds will be realized. Furthermore, intermediate coatings between individual forming stages can be largely eliminated.
  • the example concerns a lubricant for die forging.
  • the lubricant contains in water 1.6% by mass of calcium stearate, 0.16% by mass of sodium tetraborate, 1.3% by mass of sodium polyphosphate, 0.05% by mass of alkylphenol polyglycol ether and 0.3 mass% in aqueous solution at a pH of 8 and a temperature of 25 ° C resulting reaction products of the aforementioned components.
  • This lubricant forged to about 1250 ° C St 52 ingots forged.
  • the lubricant is applied to the working surfaces of the tool.
  • the application is carried out by means of spray nozzles and in the form of an air-lubricant jet. It can be varied to influence the temperature of the tool, the sprayed amount of lubricant or the air-lubricant ratio.
  • the spray pressure is chosen so high that any spray particles on the tool are removed with the spray.
  • the tool Before the lubricant is applied for the first time, and also after a number of forming operations, the tool can be treated with a lubricant carrier be subjected, for example by immersion in a borax or phosphate solution.
  • the example concerns a lubricant for wire drawing.
  • the lubricant contains in water 4.5% by mass of calcium stearate, 0.4% by mass of sodium tetraborate, 3.8% by mass of sodium polyphosphate and 0.5 mass% in aqueous solution at a pH of 8 and a temperature of 35 ° C resulting reaction products of the aforementioned components.
  • This lubricant is coated in a 3.5 mm thick M7 grade steel wire in a continuous process. After coating, the wire is dried and drawn to 1.2 mm in 7 passes without an intermediate lubricant coating.
  • the example concerns a lubricant for wire drawing.
  • the lubricant contains in water 5% by mass of calcium stearate, 2.5% by mass of sodium tetraborate, 1.5% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.6 mass% in aqueous solution at a pH of 8.5 and a temperature of 45 ° C resulting reaction products of the aforementioned components.
  • This lubricant is used to draw 1.2 mm thick C 15 Q Grade C 15 Q steel wire in a wet drawing machine in 15 passes at 0.3 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstoffe, die sich für die Kaltumformung, insbesondere für das Ziehen von strangförmigem Umformgut sowie für die Warmumformung, insbesondere für das Gesenkschmieden, eignen. Das Schmiermittel für die Kaltumformung enthält (A) 0,01 bis 15 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen, (B) 0,05 bis 15 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat, (C) 0 bis 14 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat, (D) 0 bis 10 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen und (E) 0,005 bis 10 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 95 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Komponenten A bis D, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Komponenten A bis E kleiner als 35 Masse-% ist. Das Schmiermittel für die Warmumformung enthält in Wasser (A) 0,25 bis 10 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen, (B) 0,05 bis 3 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat, (C) 0,05 bis 8 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat, (D) 0,01 bis 2 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen und (E) 0,005 bis 8 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 80 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Komponenten A bis D, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Komponenten A bis E kleiner als 20 Masse-% ist. Die Schmiermittel sind umweltfreundlich, langzeitstabil, hochwirksam und billig.

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft Schmiermittel für die Warmumfor­mung, insbesondere für das Gesenkschmieden, sowie für die Kaltumformung, beispielsweise für das Kaltwalzen, Kalt­stauchen, Gewindewalzen, Ziehen von Blechteilen, Kalibrie­ren von Sinterteilen, Verseilen und Biegen und insbesonde­re für das Ziehen von strangförmigem Umformgut, wie Draht, Profilen und Rohren.
  • Beim Gesenkschmieden von metallischem Umformgut werden Schmiermittel verwendet, die zur Erzielung einer Trenn­wirkung zwischen Umformgut und Werkzeug dienen, den Werk­zeugverschleiß verringern und zur Kühlung des Werkzeugs beitragen. Als Schmiermittel sind u.a. solche auf Wasser­grundlage bekannt.
  • Eines dieser bekannten Schmiermittel enthält in Wasser Adipinsäure, Alkali- oder Erdalkalihydroxid, herkömmliche Schmiermittel-Additive und für bestimmte Einsatzfälle Graphit (DE-A-30 13 842). Beim Warmschmieden erfolgt Um­setzung der Adipinsäure mit dem Alkali- oder Erdalkali­hydroxid zu Adipinsäuresalzen, die den hauptsächlichen Schmierstoff darstellen. Dieses Schmiermittel ist mit dem Mangel behaftet, daß es ohne Graphitzusatz nicht für schwere Umformbedingungen verwendet werden kann, bei denen die Werkzeuge besonders hoch beansprucht werden und eine gute Schmierung erforderlich ist, da die Adipinsäuresalze infolge ihres relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunktes nicht hoch belastbar sind. Der für solche Bedingungen notwendige Graphitzusatz führt andererseits zu einer Verteuerung des Schmiermittels, bewirkt eine Verschlechterung der Trenn­wirkung des Schmiermittels zwischen Werkzeug und Umformgut und führt zu Umweltproblemen durch Schadstoffemission und Verschmutzung des Arbeitsplatzes.
  • Für das Aufbringen von Schmiermittelschichten für die Kaltumformung, die entweder direkt auf das metallische Gut oder auf vorher aufgetragene Schmiermittelträgerschichten aufgebracht werden, ist eine Vielzahl von Schmiermitteln bekannt, u.a. auch solche, die in Wasser einen oder mehre­re Schmierstoffe enthalten.
  • Eines dieser Schmiermittel besteht aus einer wässerigen Suspension, die Calcium-, Magnesium-, Aluminium- und/oder Bariumstearat als Schmierstoff enthält. Daneben sind in dieser Suspension noch grenzflächenaktive Mittel als Dis­pergiermittel, eine Ligninverbindung als Dispersionssta­bilisator sowie Chlorparaffine und/oder sulfuriertes Fettöl enthalten. Die Anwendung dieses Schmiermittels er­folgt in der Weise, daß das Ziehgut in erwärmtes Schmiermittel getaucht, danach getrocknet und anschließend umgeformt wird. Diese Schmiermittelüberzüge besitzen keine sehr große dynamische Viskosität, so daß bei schwer um­formbaren Werkstoffen nur relativ niedrige Umformgeschwin­digkeiten und Umformgrade realisiert werden können. Infol­ge der außerdem vorhandenen niedrigen Wärmebeständigkeit und des zu geringen Druckaufnahmevermögens während der Belastung bei der Umformung lassen sich Werkstoffe mit großer spezifischer Umformwärme nicht oder nur mit erhöh­tem technischem Aufwand mit diesem Schmiermittel umformen. Auch sind mehrere Umformstufen mit nur einem Schmiermit­telauftrag aufgrund der niedrigen dynamischen Viskosität und einer ungenügenden Haftung des Schmiermittels auf dem Ziehgut kaum erreichbar. Nachteilig ist schließlich, daß eine breite Variation der dynamischen Viskosität des Schmiermittels nicht möglich ist. Dadurch läßt sich der Oberflächenzustand des Ziehgutes im Ergebnis der Umformung nicht ausreichend materialspezifisch einstellen und es ist nur eine ungenügende Anpassung des Schmiermittels an die Belastung während der Umformung gegeben.
  • Es ist auch bereits ein wässeriges Schmiermittel bekannt, welches wasserlösliche Alkaliseifen und Pyrophosphat ent­hält (DE-A-1 594 502; US-A-3 313 728). In Verbindung mit in Wasser unlöslichen Seifen, z.B. Erdalkaliseifen, ist der Einsatz von Pyrophosphat nicht möglich, da sich die Erdalkaliseifen mit dem Pyrophosphat umsetzen und ein instabiles, als Schmiermittel unbrauchbares Produkt, re­sultiert. So erstarren wässerige Schmiermittel auf der Basis von Calciumstearat und löslichem Pyrophosphat in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration innerhalb von Stunden bis Tagen zu einem festen Gel.
  • Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine hoch­leistungsfähige Warm- und Kaltumformung geeignete, um­weltfreundliche, langzeitstabile und billige Schmiermittel zu schaffen, welche eine gute Haftfähigkeit und ein hohes Druckaufnahmevermögen bzw. eine hohe und variierbare dyna­mische Viskosität besitzen und die damit eine wirtschaft­liche Herstellung qualitativ hochwertiger Erzeugnisse bei geringem Werkzeugverschleiß ermöglichen.
  • Die Aufgabe wird gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Die abhän­gigen Patentansprüche betreffen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.
  • Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel für die Umformung me­tallischer Werkstoffe, bei dem Schmierstoffkomponenten in Wasser dispergiert und gelöst sind, ist dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß
    • (A) 0,01 bis 15 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen,
    • (B) 0,05 bis 15 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat,
    • (C) 0 bis 14 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat,
    • (D) 0 bis 10 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen und
    • (E) 0,005 bis 10 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 95 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Kompo­nenten A bis D
    enthalten sind, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Kompo­nenten A bis E kleiner als 35 Masse-% ist.
  • Dieses Schmiermittel eignet sich insbesondere für die Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe.
  • Vorzugsweise sind beim oben definierten erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel, das in dieser Zusammsetzung besonders für die Kaltumformung geeignet ist, 2 bis 8 Masse-% Erdalkali­seifen A, 0,2 bis 1,5 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 3 bis 6 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0,1 bis 0,8 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen enthal­ten.
  • Nach einer weiteren vorzugsweisen Ausgestaltung dieses Schmiermittels sind 2 bis 8 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen A, 1,2 bis 8 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 0 bis 0,5 Mas­se-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0 bis 2,5 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen D enthalten.
  • Ein erfindungsgemäßes, speziell für die Warmumformung me­tallischer Werkstoffe geeignetes Schmiermittel, bei dem Schmierstoffkomponenten in Wasser dispergiert und gelöst sind, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet daß,
    • (A) 0,25 bis 10 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen,
    • (B) 0,05 bis 3 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat,
    • (C) 0,05 bis 8 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat,
    • (D) 0,01 bis 2 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen und
    • (E) 0,005 bis 8 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-­Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 80 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Komponenten A bis D
    enthalten sind, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Komponen­ten A bis E kleiner als 20 Masse-% ist.
  • Vorzugsweise sind bei diesem Schmiermittel für die Warm­umformung 0,5 bis 6 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen A, 0,5 bis 3 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 1 bis 7 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0,15 bis 0,5 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen enthalten.
  • Als Erdalkaliseifen A können erfindungsgemäß Kalkseifen mit einem erhöhten Stearat-Gehalt von bis zu 65 Masse-% und als Alkaliborat B Natriumtetra- oder Natriummetaborat verwendet werden.
  • Als Alkaliphosphat C wird erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise Natriumpolyphosphat eingesetzt, insbesondere Grahamsches Salz.
  • Geeignete polymere organische Verbindungen D sind insbe­sondere Polyvinylalkohol, oxidativ modifizierter Poly­vinylalkohol, verkleisterte Stärke und/oder Nonylphenol-­Polyethylenoxid-Addukte.
  • Bei den enthaltenen Reaktionsprodukten E handelt es sich insbesondere um
    • a) Produkte von Reaktionen der Erdalkaliseifen A mit dem Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B in teilweiser nichtstö­chiometrischer Zusammensetzung,
    • b) Produkte einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Hydrolyse von Natriumpolyphosphat,
    • c) Produkte von Reaktionen der Erdalkaliseifen A mit den Produkten b),
    • d) Produkte von Reaktionen der Produkte b) mit dem Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B,
    • e) Produkte von Reaktionen der Erdalkaliseifen A mit den Produkten d),
    • f) Produkte von Reaktionen der Produkte b) mit den polyme­ren organischen Verbindungen D,
    • g) Produkte von Reaktionen des Alkali- oder Ammoniumborats B mit den polymeren organischen Verbindungen D und
    • h) Produkte von Reaktionen der Produkte b) mit den Produk­ten g).
  • Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel werden bei der Warmumformung gegenüber der bisher üblichen Verfahrenswei­se, bei der mit einer Graphitdispersion gearbeitet wird, erhebliche Vorteile erzielt. So werden infolge des Weg­falls der Graphitverschmutzungen die Arbeitsbedingungen und der Umweltschutz wesentlich verbessert. Durch die sehr guten Schmiereigenschaften wird außerdem die Werkzeug­standzeit wesentlich höher. Die sehr guten umformtechni­schen Eigenschaften des Schmiermittels ergeben sich in überraschender Weise wahrscheinlich durch eine auf dem Werkzeug stattfindende teilweise thermische Zersetzung der im Schmiermittel enthaltenen Bestandteile unter Bildung saurer reaktiver Zersetzungsprodukte, die offenbar eine günstige Kombination von Schmier- und Treibwirkung in der Wirkfuge zwischen Werkstück und Werkzeug, verbunden mit einer günstigen thermischen Isolation, ergeben.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittel sind mit billigen Rohstoffen herstellbar und wirken sich dadurch günstig auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Umformung metallischer Erzeug­nisse aus. Vorteilhaft ist auch, daß die Schmiermittel auch bei längerer Lagerung weder zum Absetzen noch zur Gelbildung neigen.
  • Für die Kaltumformung lassen sich mit den erfindungsgemä­ßen Schmiermitteln haftfeste und hochleistungsfähige Schmierstoffschichten erzeugen. Damit wird der Werkzeug­verschleiß gesenkt und die Erzeugnisqualität verbessert und es können hohe Umformgrade und Umformgeschwindigkeiten realisiert werden. Ferner können Zwischenbeschichtungen zwischen einzelnen Umformstufen weitestgehend eingespart werden.
  • Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbei­spielen näher erläutert.
    • Beispiel 1
  • Das Beispiel betrifft ein Schmiermittel für das Gesenk­schmieden. Das Schmiermittel enthält in Wasser
    1,6 Masse-% Calciumstearat,
    0,16 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat,
    1,3 Masse-% Natriumpolyphosphat,
    0,05 Masse-% Alkylphenolpolyglycolether und
    0,3 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert von 8 und einer Temperatur von 25 °C entstandene Re­aktionsprodukte der vorgenannten Komponenten.
  • Mit diesem Schmiermittel werden auf etwa 1250 °C erwärmte St 52-Barren im Gesenk geschmiedet. Hierbei wird das Schmiermittel auf die Arbeitsflächen des Werkzeuges auf­getragen. Das Auftragen wird mit Hilfe von Sprühdüsen und in Form eines Luft-Schmiermittel-Strahls vorgenommen. Da­bei kann zur Beeinflussung der Temperatur des Werkzeugs die aufgesprühte Schmiermittelmenge bzw. das Luft-Schmier­mittel-Verhältnis variiert werden. Vorteilhaft wird der Sprühdruck so hoch gewählt, daß mit dem Sprühstrahl etwaige am Werkzeug befindliche Zunderteilchen entfernt werden. Vor dem erstmaligen Auftragen des Schmiermittels und auch nach einer Reihe von Umformvorgängen kann das Werkzeug einer Behandlung mit einem Schmiermittelträger unterworfen werden, beispielsweise durch Tauchen in eine Borax- oder Phosphatlösung.
    • Beispiel 2
  • Das Beispiel betrifft ein Schmiermittel für das Drahtzie­hen. Das Schmiermittel enthält in Wasser
    4,5 Masse-% Calciumstearat,
    0,4 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat,
    3,8 Masse-% Natriumpolyphosphat und
    0,5 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert von 8 und einer Temperatur von 35 °C entstandene Reaktions­produkte der vorgenannten Komponenten.
  • Mit diesem Schmiermittel wird 3,5 mm dicker Stahldraht der Güte M7 im Durchlaufverfahren beschichtet. Nach dem Be­schichten wird der Draht getrocknet und in 7 Zügen ohne eine Schmiermittel-Zwischenbeschichtung an 1,2 mm gezogen.
    • Beispiel 3
  • Das Beispiel betrifft ein Schmiermittel für das Draht­ziehen. Das Schmiermittel enthält in Wasser
    5 Masse-% Calciumstearat,
    2,5 Masse-% Natriumtetraborat,
    1,5 Masse-% Polyvinylalkohol und
    0,6 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert von 8,5 und einer Temperatur von 45 °C entstandene Reaktions­produkte der vorgenannten Komponenten.
  • Mit diesem Schmiermittel wird 1,2 mm dicker, mit einer an­organischen Trägerschicht versehener Stahldraht der Güte C 15 Q in einer Naßziehmaschine in 15 Zügen an 0,3 mm ge­zogen.

Claims (9)

1. Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstof­fe, bei dem Schmierstoffkomponenten in Wasser dis­pergiert und gelöst sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
(A) 0,01 bis 15 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen,
(B) 0,05 bis 15 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat,
(C) 0 bis 14 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat,
(D) 0 bis 10 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindun­gen und
(E) 0,005 bis 10 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 95 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Kom­ponenten A bis D
enthalten sind, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Kompo­nenten A bis E kleiner als 35 Masse-% ist.
2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 für die Warmumformung me­tallischer Werkstoffe, bei dem Schmierstoffkomponenten in Wasser dispergiert und gelöst sind, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß (A) 0,25 bis 10 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen,
(B) 0,05 bis 3 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat,
(C) 0,05 bis 8 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat,
(D) 0,01 bis 2 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindun­gen und
(E) 0,005 bis 8 Masse-% in wässeriger Lösung bei einem pH-Wert über 6,9 und bei Temperaturen unter 80 °C entstandene Reaktionsprodukte der Kom­ponenten A bis D
enthalten sind, wobei die Summe der Anteile der Kompo­nenten A bis E kleiner als 20 Masse-% ist.
3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 0,5 bis 6 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen A, 0,5 bis 3 Mas­se-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 1 bis 7 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0,15 bis 0,5 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen enthalten sind.
4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 2 bis 8 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen A, 0,2 bis 1,5 Mas­se-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 3 bis 6 Masse-% Al­kali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0,1 bis 0,8 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen D enthalten sind.
5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 2 bis 8 Masse-% Erdalkaliseifen A, 1,2 bis 8 Mas­se-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumborat B, 0 bis 0,5 Masse-% Alkali- oder Ammoniumphosphat C und 0 bis 2,5 Masse-% polymere organische Verbindungen D enthalten sind.
6. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Erdalkaliseifen A Kalkseifen mit einem erhöhten Stearat-Gehalt von bis zu 65 Masse-% enthalten sind.
7. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Alkaliborat B Natriumtetra- oder Natriummetaborat enthalten ist.
8. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Alkaliphosphat C Natriumpoly­phosphat, vorzugsweise Grahamsches Salz, enthalten ist.
9. Schmiermittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als polymere organische Verbindun­gen D Polyvinylalkohol, oxidativ modifizierter Poly­vinylalkohol, verkleisterte Stärke und/oder Nonylphe­nol-Polyethylenoxid-Addukte enthalten sind.
EP88104991A 1988-03-28 1988-03-28 Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstoffe Expired - Lifetime EP0334977B1 (de)

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AT88104991T ATE86653T1 (de) 1988-03-28 1988-03-28 Schmiermittel fuer die umformung metallischer werkstoffe.
EP88104991A EP0334977B1 (de) 1988-03-28 1988-03-28 Schmiermittel für die Umformung metallischer Werkstoffe

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0613939A2 (de) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-07 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Graphitfreies Schmieröl
WO2008000700A3 (de) * 2006-06-28 2008-02-28 Chem Fab Budenheim Kg Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff
EP2220200A1 (de) * 2007-11-16 2010-08-25 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Trockenfilmbildendes und antikorrosives kaltumformungsgleitmittel
EP2937411A1 (de) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-28 Voestalpine Stahl GmbH Blech und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit eines Blechs

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US3313729A (en) * 1966-05-02 1967-04-11 Hooker Chemical Corp Lubricating composition and method
DE1594512A1 (de) * 1966-02-26 1970-05-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Schmiermittel
DE1594502A1 (de) * 1964-08-06 1970-05-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Schmiermittel
US3725274A (en) * 1970-11-12 1973-04-03 G Orozco Composition and method for preparing metal for cold-working
US3974674A (en) * 1973-01-12 1976-08-17 Man-Gill Chemical Company Composition for and method for preparation of metal for subsequent cold working
US3998984A (en) * 1974-01-03 1976-12-21 Pennwalt Corporation Sodium tetraborate carrier coating for rod
DE3014880A1 (de) * 1978-06-06 1981-10-22 Pennwalt Corp., 19102 Philadelphia, Pa. Trockene draht-ziehschmiermittel auf der grundlage von poly-(3,5-dithio-1,2,4-thiadiazol) und poly-(2,5-dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazol)

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DE1594502A1 (de) * 1964-08-06 1970-05-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Schmiermittel
DE1594512A1 (de) * 1966-02-26 1970-05-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag Schmiermittel
US3313729A (en) * 1966-05-02 1967-04-11 Hooker Chemical Corp Lubricating composition and method
US3725274A (en) * 1970-11-12 1973-04-03 G Orozco Composition and method for preparing metal for cold-working
US3974674A (en) * 1973-01-12 1976-08-17 Man-Gill Chemical Company Composition for and method for preparation of metal for subsequent cold working
US3998984A (en) * 1974-01-03 1976-12-21 Pennwalt Corporation Sodium tetraborate carrier coating for rod
DE3014880A1 (de) * 1978-06-06 1981-10-22 Pennwalt Corp., 19102 Philadelphia, Pa. Trockene draht-ziehschmiermittel auf der grundlage von poly-(3,5-dithio-1,2,4-thiadiazol) und poly-(2,5-dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazol)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0613939A2 (de) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-07 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Graphitfreies Schmieröl
EP0613939A3 (de) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-14 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Graphitfreies Schmieröl
US5460737A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-10-24 Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd. Graphite-free lubricating oil
WO2008000700A3 (de) * 2006-06-28 2008-02-28 Chem Fab Budenheim Kg Graphitfreier hochtemperatur-schmierstoff
US8940672B2 (en) 2006-06-28 2015-01-27 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg Graphite-free high-temperature lubricant
EP2878661A1 (de) * 2006-06-28 2015-06-03 Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG Graphitfreier Hochtemperatur-Schmierstoff
EP2220200A1 (de) * 2007-11-16 2010-08-25 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Trockenfilmbildendes und antikorrosives kaltumformungsgleitmittel
EP2220200A4 (de) * 2007-11-16 2012-05-09 Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa Trockenfilmbildendes und antikorrosives kaltumformungsgleitmittel
US8541350B2 (en) 2007-11-16 2013-09-24 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Dry-film, anti-corrosive cold forming lubricant
EP2937411A1 (de) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-28 Voestalpine Stahl GmbH Blech und Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit eines Blechs
WO2015162304A1 (de) * 2014-04-25 2015-10-29 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Blech und verfahren zur verbesserung der umformbarkeit eines blechs

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