EP0334355A2 - Lampe à décharge à haute pression à paroi stabilisée - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge à haute pression à paroi stabilisée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0334355A2
EP0334355A2 EP89105243A EP89105243A EP0334355A2 EP 0334355 A2 EP0334355 A2 EP 0334355A2 EP 89105243 A EP89105243 A EP 89105243A EP 89105243 A EP89105243 A EP 89105243A EP 0334355 A2 EP0334355 A2 EP 0334355A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
pulse
discharge
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89105243A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0334355A3 (fr
EP0334355B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Gottschling
Klaus Günther
Uwe Keiderling
Hans-Georg Kloss
Rainer Radtke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Priamos Licht Industrie & Dienstleistungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Priamos Licht Industrie & Dienstleistungs GmbH
Kombinat VEB Narva
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Priamos Licht Industrie & Dienstleistungs GmbH, Kombinat VEB Narva filed Critical Priamos Licht Industrie & Dienstleistungs GmbH
Publication of EP0334355A2 publication Critical patent/EP0334355A2/fr
Publication of EP0334355A3 publication Critical patent/EP0334355A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0334355B1 publication Critical patent/EP0334355B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/16—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H05B41/2882—Load circuits; Control thereof the control resulting from an action on the static converter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp with high lighting efficiency and very good color properties, which is suitable in a compact design for general lighting purposes, due to the good bundling ability of the radiation and the immediate luminous flux after switching on, but also in motor vehicle headlights and for lighting tasks in scientific and medical device construction can be used, and which can in particular also be designed for very low outputs.
  • the luminous efficacy of a high-pressure discharge lamp via the spectral emission distribution of the radiant plasma is given by the composition and pressure of the discharge medium, the dimensions of the discharge tube and the spatial temperature distribution of the discharge, and can only be optimized within certain limits.
  • a gas discharge can be operated which is in the visible spectral range known mercury lines 405, 436, 546 and 577/579 nm emitted.
  • the very intense radiation at 313 and 365 nm can be transformed into the visible spectral range using a suitable phosphor.
  • Such high-pressure mercury lamps have found widespread use, particularly in outdoor lighting; their luminous efficacy is a maximum of 55 lm / W, and the general color rendering index is 50 (cf. Elenbaas, W .: High-pressure mercury-vapor lamps and their application; Philips Technical Library, 1965).
  • Such metal halide lamps achieve a light output of 60 to 80 lm / W at a higher power conversion with a general color rendering index of 60 to 90, the high values of the light efficiency generally being combined with low values of the color rendering index and vice versa. With small power conversions down to 35 W, however, the luminous efficiency generally drops considerably to 50 lm / W and below.
  • the invention of alkali-resistant envelope materials and closure materials has made it possible to use sodium in metallic form as a carrier for light emission.
  • High pressure sodium lamps are currently among all known high pressure discharge lamps in terms of their luminous efficacy a top position and have found widespread use in outdoor lighting.
  • the range of available power types ranges from 35 W with a luminous efficacy of 75 lm / W to 1000 W with 150 lm / W. Because of the very low color temperature of around 2000 K and the unsatisfactory color rendering index of around 20, however, such lamps are not accepted for more demanding lighting tasks, especially in indoor lighting.
  • Such lamps show a radiation emission similar to sunlight with continuous spectral distribution, which results from the recombination continuum of the xenon.
  • Such lamps are built for stationary operation with powers of 50 to 50,000 W and are characterized by excellent color rendering combined with a color temperature in the range of 6000 K.
  • the luminous efficacy is only 15 lm / W and cannot be increased by more than 20 lm / W even with high power densities up to 800 W / cm (AT-PS 222 223). It can only increase to 35 lm / W with power in the kW range.
  • Ultra-high pressure lamps use xenon or mercury vapor as a radiant medium at pressures of more than 1 MPa.
  • the high energy concentration realized in them allows the radiation to arise in a very small volume, which results in the radiation being able to be bundled well.
  • their luminous efficacy is rather lower than that of the corresponding ones High pressure lamps.
  • High-pressure capillary lamps with halide filling have already been proposed for use in motor vehicle headlights (DE 3 341 846). For this purpose, however, they have the major disadvantage of requiring a start-up time of around one minute to reach their full luminous flux.
  • Discharge instabilities and acoustic disturbances in the environment can be prevented by constructive measures on such lamps (DE 2 733 168 and 2 773 170) and special operating modes (DE 2 335 589, 2 704 311, 2 847 840 and 3 122 183).
  • the color temperatures that can be achieved in this way are still too low for use in interior lighting, particularly in the living area, because values of 3000 K and more are desirable for this.
  • the tests were also abandoned because the undesirable side effects, such as increased self-absorption of the resonance lines of sodium and a disproportionate increase in the mercury lines, question the desired effect and further increases in color temperature are only possible with a large loss in light output (DE 2 657 824).
  • All discharge light sources contain as energy converting Media electrically heated plasmas, the electrical properties of which change depending on the energy supplied. In particular, when the operating voltage increases, the power conversion increases, as a result of which the charge carrier density increases. This increases the electrical conductivity and the power consumption continues to increase. In order to counteract the resulting instabilities, discharge lamps must be operated via ballasts, which in particular contain current-limiting components. The mass and scope of these current-limiting components make it difficult to use such light sources, particularly in the living area. In order to achieve a current-voltage characteristic with a positive increase, the use of additives of certain metals or metal salts was tested in xenon and other noble gas high-pressure lamps (DE 2 236 973 and 2 525 408).
  • the invention has for its object a high pressure to develop a discharge lamp that, with very good color rendering properties, has a high luminous efficacy even at low power conversions and emits the full luminous flux immediately after switching on.
  • a compact design it is intended to ensure that the radiation can be well bundled by optical components.
  • the power supply to the lamp should be made as simple as possible.
  • Such a light source should be suitable for general lighting purposes as well as usable in motor vehicle headlights and is therefore suitable as an alternative to incandescent lamps with considerable savings in electrical energy or with a significant increase in luminous flux and as an alternative to metal halide lamps with the advantage of immediate luminous flux emission after switching on.
  • the technical task of developing such a light source further consists in finding a medium which, when excited in an electrical discharge, is able to emit an intensive continuum in the visible spectral range immediately after switching on the light source, to find a plasma state for this medium in which both this continuum radiation is produced with a high yield and good bundling ability, and the discharge also has a positive current-voltage characteristic curve, and finally to specify the technical means for realizing such a plasma state.
  • this object is achieved in that a discharge in xenon and / or krypton is operated in a translucent discharge vessel with electrodes and that Discharge plasma is heated to such an extent by powerful electrical pulses with a high repetition frequency and low duty cycle that the recombination continuum distributed over the visible spectral range is emitted with high intensity, and that this clearly exceeds the intensity of the line radiation in the spectrally ineffective spectral ranges.
  • an instantaneous power is supplied to the discharge during the pulses, which exceeds the mean power N permissible in the interest of the life of the discharge tube in continuous operation by a factor of 5 or more.
  • the discharge between the pulses is operated with the aid of a holding current of at most 50% of the average current, so that it does not go out and does not have to be re-ignited at the beginning of each pulse.
  • the pulse repetition frequency is chosen to be equal to or greater than 100 Hz, so that it is sufficiently far above the flicker fusion frequency of the human eye and related physiological problems are avoided.
  • the pulse length can then be calculated from the condition that the power fed in over time by pulse and holding current is equal to the average power N permissible in continuous operation.
  • both the instantaneous power during the pulses and the pulse repetition frequency should be limited in such a way that the pulse lengths calculated in this way do not fall below a value of 10 microseconds, because otherwise the intended effect is only incompletely achieved due to the thermal inertia of the discharge.
  • Another advantage of this operating mode is that with pulse powers that are a factor of 5 and more above the steadily permissible power, the electron density no longer increases significantly with a further increase in power. Therefore, the electrical conductivity increases only slightly, and the discharge gains a positive characteristic. In this way, the space-consuming, heavy and lossy components for current limitation which are customary in high-pressure discharge lamps are dispensable, and the power supply devices for such lamps are particularly simple in construction.
  • the color temperature of the lamp according to the invention can be reduced and adapted to the requirements for interior lighting by surrounding the discharge tube with an outer bulb, the inner wall of which is coated with a phosphor which emits in the wavelength range between 550 and 650 nm and by long-wave ultraviolet radiation can be stimulated.
  • This phosphor transforms the short-wave components of the recombination continuum below a wavelength of 450 nm into the yellow-red spectral range, with the result of an effective reduction in the color temperature to a value of 4000 K or below, which is also associated with an increase in the luminous efficacy.
  • the luminous density of the lamp is greatly reduced by the light-scattering effect of the phosphor layer and thus the risk of glare caused by it is avoided.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the discharge lamp is formed by a cylindrical discharge tube 1 made of silica glass with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm and with two electrodes 2 opposite each other at a distance of 10 mm and melted down power supply lines 3. It is filled with xenon at a cold pressure of 300 kPa.
  • An ignition probe 4 attached to the outside of the discharge tube serves to facilitate the ignition of the lamp.
  • Fig. 2 shows the course of the lamp current as a function of time.
  • the high-pressure xenon discharge lamp which is operated with powerful pulses, emits a luminous flux of 1400 lm at an average power consumption of 35 W. Its color temperature is 6500 K and its general color rendering index is 95. Its average luminance is 12 000 cd / cm 'and is a good prerequisite for focusing the radiation through optical components.
  • the current-voltage characteristic formed by the discharge is shown in FIG. 3; it has the desired positive increase in the area of the pulse current.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. It contains a discharge tube according to FIG. 1, which is surrounded by an evacuated outer bulb 6, a frame structure 7 taking over the mechanical mounting of the discharge tube and the electrical connection of the power supply lines to the base 8.
  • the outer bulb is coated on its inner wall with a phosphor layer 9 made of Ca halophosphate: Mn.
  • Discharge tube with ignition probe, frame structure, outer bulb and base together form the discharge lamp. It is operated in the same way as the lamp according to exemplary embodiment 1 and, with an average power consumption of 35 W, emits a luminous flux of 1450 lm at a color temperature of 4000 K and a color rendering index of 90.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP89105243A 1988-03-25 1989-03-23 Lampe à décharge à haute pression à paroi stabilisée Expired - Lifetime EP0334355B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD3140318 1988-03-25
DD31403188A DD272166A1 (de) 1988-03-25 1988-03-25 Wandstabilisierte hochdruck-entladungslampe

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0334355A2 true EP0334355A2 (fr) 1989-09-27
EP0334355A3 EP0334355A3 (fr) 1991-04-17
EP0334355B1 EP0334355B1 (fr) 1995-06-07

Family

ID=5597902

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89105243A Expired - Lifetime EP0334355B1 (fr) 1988-03-25 1989-03-23 Lampe à décharge à haute pression à paroi stabilisée

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0334355B1 (fr)
DD (1) DD272166A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58909273D1 (fr)
HU (1) HU204624B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0476186A1 (fr) * 1990-09-17 1992-03-25 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Appareil d'exposition photographique
WO1999008492A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-18 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Procede pour faire fonctionner une lampe a arc a halogenures metalliques a courant continu, et circuit associe
WO2007023227A2 (fr) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-01 Claranor Lampe adaptee a la decontamination microbioloqique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3440559A (en) * 1963-06-17 1969-04-22 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Krypton-xenon flash tube for pumping a ruby laser
US3624447A (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-11-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of operating a high-pressure gaseous discharge lamp with improved efficiency
DE2134544A1 (de) * 1971-07-10 1973-01-25 Bron Elektronik Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit im impulsbetrieb arbeitender gasentladungsroehre
US3898504A (en) * 1970-12-09 1975-08-05 Matsushita Electronics Corp High pressure metal vapor discharge lamp

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3440559A (en) * 1963-06-17 1969-04-22 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Krypton-xenon flash tube for pumping a ruby laser
US3624447A (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-11-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of operating a high-pressure gaseous discharge lamp with improved efficiency
US3898504A (en) * 1970-12-09 1975-08-05 Matsushita Electronics Corp High pressure metal vapor discharge lamp
DE2134544A1 (de) * 1971-07-10 1973-01-25 Bron Elektronik Ag Beleuchtungseinrichtung mit im impulsbetrieb arbeitender gasentladungsroehre

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0476186A1 (fr) * 1990-09-17 1992-03-25 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Appareil d'exposition photographique
WO1999008492A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-18 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Procede pour faire fonctionner une lampe a arc a halogenures metalliques a courant continu, et circuit associe
US6340869B1 (en) 1997-08-05 2002-01-22 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Method for operating direct current metal halogen arc lamp circuit pertaining thereto
WO2007023227A2 (fr) * 2005-08-24 2007-03-01 Claranor Lampe adaptee a la decontamination microbioloqique
WO2007023227A3 (fr) * 2005-08-24 2007-05-10 Claranor Lampe adaptee a la decontamination microbioloqique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU204624B (en) 1992-01-28
HUT49964A (en) 1989-11-28
EP0334355A3 (fr) 1991-04-17
DD272166A1 (de) 1989-09-27
EP0334355B1 (fr) 1995-06-07
DE58909273D1 (de) 1995-07-13

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