EP0333040A2 - Procédé et appareil de nettoyage des appareils de pulvérisation - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de nettoyage des appareils de pulvérisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0333040A2
EP0333040A2 EP89104211A EP89104211A EP0333040A2 EP 0333040 A2 EP0333040 A2 EP 0333040A2 EP 89104211 A EP89104211 A EP 89104211A EP 89104211 A EP89104211 A EP 89104211A EP 0333040 A2 EP0333040 A2 EP 0333040A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interior
cleaned
cleaning
nozzle arrangement
spray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89104211A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0333040B1 (fr
EP0333040A3 (en
Inventor
Kurt Vetter
Michael Baumann
Thomas Hezel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr GmbH
Original Assignee
Duerr GmbH
Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr GmbH, Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Duerr GmbH
Publication of EP0333040A2 publication Critical patent/EP0333040A2/fr
Publication of EP0333040A3 publication Critical patent/EP0333040A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0333040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0333040B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/50Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
    • B05B15/55Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids
    • B05B15/555Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids discharged by cleaning nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0405Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with reciprocating or oscillating spray heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing this method.
  • Spraying devices such as Spray guns for atomizing or atomizing paint, such as those used to coat vehicle bodies or other workpieces, must be cleaned at regular intervals, especially in the area of the paint nozzles and any air nozzles that may be present. are freed from the self-coating covering created by paint mist and drops of paint.
  • From DE-PS 28 54 325 it is already known to free the spray head of a paint spray gun after a predetermined operating time from remote spray material such as paint or varnish, that it is inserted into the opening of a collecting cup and from a nozzle located centrally on the bottom of the cup Flushing liquid is applied. By inserting the spray head into the cup, its interior is sealed airtight to the outside.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device by means of which a spray gun or other spraying devices can be cleaned more thoroughly than before, in particular in the area of the spray material nozzle and any air nozzles present, in a time-saving manner with low consumption of cleaning medium, on their outside exposed to a constant risk of coating .
  • An important additional advantage of the invention is that the cleaning process can be controlled fully automatically in a simple manner. This is particularly important when using the invention for painting robots, but significant advantages of the invention also come into play when cleaning hand spray guns.
  • the drawing shows, largely schematically, a device 1 for cleaning a spray gun 2 (indicated by dashed lines).
  • the cleaning device 1 has a container with an interior space 3 that is rotationally symmetrical about a generally vertical axis. On its top side, the interior space 3 is concentric with its axis Opening 4 through which the part of the spray gun 2 to be cleaned can be inserted into the interior.
  • the space between the spray gun 2 used in the device 1 and the edge of the opening 4 can be sealed by a sealing device 5, which prevents the escape of cleaning liquid and paint residues.
  • the sealing device 5 is used for centering the position, ie fixing the cleaning position of the spray gun 2 in the cleaning device 1.
  • the sealing device is preferably designed such that unavoidable radial and axial positional deviations between the spray gun 2 and the container of the cleaning device 1 can be compensated. At in the example shown, it consists of an elastic, bead-like lip seal.
  • the sealing device can also contain a sealing ring arranged in a floating manner in a receiving structure (not shown).
  • a nozzle arrangement 6 In the interior of the interior 3 there is a nozzle arrangement 6 rotatable about an axis running transversely to the axis of the container.
  • the nozzle arrangement 6 is supported by means of two shafts 7, which contain the feed lines for a cleaning liquid to be supplied to the nozzle arrangement and are rotatably supported in two passages 12 sealed against the outside. Lines are connected to the ends of the shafts 7 via a rotary seal 13.
  • the inflow of the cleaning liquid is controlled by valves 9, preferably by solenoid valves, which facilitate an automatic operating sequence.
  • the nozzle arrangement 6 contains a plurality of nozzles 8 or other nozzle openings through which the cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the area of the spray gun 2 to be cleaned. It consists essentially of a generally U-shaped or approximately semicircular curved bracket, which is pivotally mounted about the axis of the shafts 7 extending transversely through the two bracket legs and is arranged such that the spray gun 2 with its area to be cleaned in the space between protrudes the two stirrup legs.
  • the bracket is pivotable by at least about 180 °, so it can be pivoted about the end of the spray gun 2 projecting into the interior 3 from its front side, which is visible in the drawing, to its rear side, so that all relevant areas of the spray gun at all points during the pivoting movement be sprayed directly.
  • the nozzle arrangement 6 is moved by a pneumatically or electrically controlled drive device 16 which is coupled to one of the shafts 7 and which is connected to an adjusting device.
  • the rotary movement takes place by certain, previously set angular amounts in the two directions of rotation, which can be reversed on the drive device 16.
  • Attached to the other shaft 7 is a position sensor 14, which outputs information about the current position of the nozzle arrangement 6 via a position sensor 15.
  • two proximity sensors can be attached to the position sensor 15.
  • stationary nozzles can also be provided.
  • the bracket is in a lateral basic position (not shown). For example, in this position, rinsing liquid or rinsing fluid can be emptied from the inside of the spray gun 2 into the cleaning device 1 with internal rinsing.
  • the internal flushing of spray guns is known per se, but here there is the advantage of the problem-free disposal of the flushing liquid.
  • the used cleaning fluid flowing off the spray gun is collected by a funnel-shaped part 10 of the interior 3 and collected in a collecting container 20 via the center of the funnel-shaped part.
  • the cleaning liquid should constantly flow out of the interior 3 during the spraying process.
  • an automatically controllable valve 19 is present between the interior 3 and the collecting container 20, the collecting container 20 can be discharged by compressed air into a drain when the valve is closed be drained. Instead, it can also be emptied by means of negative pressure, that is to say by suction or by pumping.
  • the emptying can be timed and is preferably carried out after the cleaning process has ended, possibly at a time when the cleaned spraying device is already in operation again.
  • the invention is particularly well suited for the fully automatically controlled cleaning of a spray device arranged on a painting robot or other program-controlled automatic movement machine.
  • the cleaning device itself can also be expediently attached to the robot.
  • the part of the spray gun 2 to be cleaned is inserted by the robot from above from a defined entry position (expediently at a slow speed) vertically downward through the opening 4 into the device 1.
  • Sensors can be used to report that the spray gun 2 is in the correct position.
  • the spray gun is then sprayed with cleaning fluid via the nozzle arrangement 6 in accordance with a predetermined sequence diagram while simultaneously moving the swivel bracket.
  • the spray gun 2 is preferably dried with compressed air, which is blown on the spray head of the spray gun 2 by air nozzles 18 which are mounted separately on the wall of the interior 3 and are connected to a line (not shown).
  • the air nozzles could also be arranged on the pivotable nozzle arrangement 6.
  • the cleaning procedure preferably follows a process control.
  • the process control can also be taken over by the control of the painting robot.
  • the device described enables the spray gun to be cleaned reliably in a short time and with low consumption of cleaning fluid.
  • the cleaning of the spray gun of a painting robot can be carried out within a period of 5 to 7 seconds, the consumption of cleaning fluid for a single cleaning process being in the range of 15 to 20 cm 3.

Landscapes

  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP89104211A 1988-03-16 1989-03-09 Procédé et appareil de nettoyage des appareils de pulvérisation Expired - Lifetime EP0333040B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3808801A DE3808801A1 (de) 1988-03-16 1988-03-16 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen einer spruehvorrichtung
DE3808801 1988-03-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0333040A2 true EP0333040A2 (fr) 1989-09-20
EP0333040A3 EP0333040A3 (en) 1990-07-25
EP0333040B1 EP0333040B1 (fr) 1994-01-05

Family

ID=6349888

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89104211A Expired - Lifetime EP0333040B1 (fr) 1988-03-16 1989-03-09 Procédé et appareil de nettoyage des appareils de pulvérisation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4977911A (fr)
EP (1) EP0333040B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3808801A1 (fr)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4129778A1 (de) * 1991-09-07 1992-07-09 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zum selbsttaetigen und emissionsarmen reinigen von maschinengefuehrten spruehorganen
WO1997018903A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Crystal Cap Cleaners Inc. Procede et appareil destines au nettoyage de pistolets pulverisateurs
US6418944B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2002-07-16 Kevin R. White Method and apparatus for cleaning spray guns
DE10129667A1 (de) * 2001-06-20 2003-01-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Reinigungsvorrichtung für Luftkappen an Lackierpistolen
EP1367302A3 (fr) * 2002-05-27 2004-04-14 Dürr Systems GmbH Dispositif d'étanchéité
WO2007004736A1 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Procédé de nettoyage d’un pistolet à peinture
EP1764157A2 (fr) 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Dürr Systems GmbH Elément d'un pulvérisateur rotatif
WO2009009282A3 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2009-03-26 Illinois Tool Works Appareil et procédé de distribution de matériau de revêtement
DE102007048248A1 (de) 2007-10-08 2009-05-14 Dürr Systems GmbH Roboter mit einer Reinigungseinrichtung und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
US7628343B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2009-12-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Triggers for fluid applicators
US7665672B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-02-23 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7744011B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-06-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7757972B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2010-07-20 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Conversion adapter for a fluid supply assembly
US7766250B2 (en) 2004-06-01 2010-08-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7785420B2 (en) 2006-08-01 2010-08-31 Hedson Technologies Ab Method for cleaning a spray gun
US7874323B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2011-01-25 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Fluid supply assembly
US8196770B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2012-06-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid supply assembly
DE10394135B4 (de) * 2003-02-21 2012-07-05 Philip Jessup Kontaktfreie Sprühgerät-Reinigungsvorrichtung
CN109772628A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-05-21 上海外高桥造船有限公司 安全型喷涂机器人
EP2056970B2 (fr) 2006-08-24 2019-12-25 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de nettoyage de pulvérisateurs, en particulier de pistolets de projection de peinture, et procédé de nettoyage d'un pulvérisateur
EP3245033B1 (fr) 2015-01-13 2021-10-27 Luca Toncelli Poste et installation programmables pour la production de plaques ayant des effets chromatiques
CN117797962A (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-04-02 江苏南极机械有限责任公司 一种船舶压载水舱免涂装防腐喷头

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US5337794A (en) * 1992-02-20 1994-08-16 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Powder filling apparatus and a method for filling a container with powder
DE4317072A1 (de) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Sprühkopf zur Verarbeitung von flüssigen Farbmitteln
US5778554A (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-07-14 Oliver Design, Inc. Wafer spin dryer and method of drying a wafer
JP3381776B2 (ja) * 1998-05-19 2003-03-04 東京エレクトロン株式会社 処理装置および処理方法
US6170494B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-01-09 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method for automatically cleaning resist nozzle
DE102004061322A1 (de) 2004-12-20 2006-06-22 Dürr Systems GmbH Verfahren und Reinigungsgerät zum Reinigen einer Sprühvorrichtung
DE102005015604B4 (de) * 2005-04-05 2007-04-12 Dürr Systems GmbH Rotationszerstäuberbauteil
US7908994B2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2011-03-22 Duerr Systems, Inc. Automatically steered coating machine also a container for the coating material
US8418647B2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2013-04-16 Dürr Systems Inc. Procedure and piston type metering devices for the metered material supply for a coating device
JP2008244318A (ja) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-09 Tokyo Electron Ltd 基板搬送部材の洗浄方法、基板搬送装置及び基板処理システム
US7828226B2 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-11-09 Phillip John Martin Handheld device and method for clearing obstructions from spray nozzles
DE102007031555B4 (de) * 2007-07-06 2014-10-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Reinigungsvorrichtung für eine Sprühvorrichtung
DE102010009069A1 (de) * 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Wurster, Gerd, 70191 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pulverbeschichtung von Gegenständen
DE102010052698A1 (de) * 2010-11-26 2012-05-31 Dürr Systems GmbH Reinigungsgerät und Reinigungsbürste für einen Zerstäuber und entsprechendes Reinigungsverfahren
DE102012024040A1 (de) 2012-12-08 2014-06-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Reinigungsvorrichtung für ein Lackierwerkzeug
US9221068B2 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-12-29 Philip Jessup Apparatus for non-contact cleaning a paint spray tip
CN105127156A (zh) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-09 盛美半导体设备(上海)有限公司 涂胶喷嘴自动清洗装置
DE102014016364A1 (de) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-12 Eisenmann Se Reinigungsverfahren und Reinigungsvorrichtung für ein oder mehrere Teile eines Applikationssystems
CN104941876A (zh) * 2015-07-15 2015-09-30 合肥鑫晟光电科技有限公司 一种涂胶机胶头的清洁设备
DE202015105290U1 (de) * 2015-10-06 2017-01-11 Nordson Corporation Reinigungsstation für Nadeldüsen
CN106000710A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 青岛金光鸿智能机械电子有限公司 跟踪式喷头清洗及废料收集系统
JP6492225B2 (ja) * 2016-11-22 2019-03-27 クリスタル キャップ クリーナーズ インコーポレーテッドCrystal Cap Cleaners Inc. 改良型スプレーガン洗浄装置
CA3045047C (fr) * 2016-12-09 2023-08-29 James Laurence Doyle Dispositif de nettoyage et de sechage d'une unite de pulverisation
DE102017003501A1 (de) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-11 B-Tec Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von mit Lacken, Farben oder Klebstoffen verschmutzten Gegenständen, insbesondere Lackier- und/oder Klebepistolen
WO2019204546A1 (fr) 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Hosco Fittings, Llc Dispositif ou procédé de nettoyage d'un équipement de pulvérisation et système modernisé avec ce dernier
JP2020035920A (ja) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 東京エレクトロン株式会社 基板処理装置、基板処理方法および記憶媒体
CN109847982A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-07 上海外高桥造船有限公司 喷涂机器人
DE102022004530A1 (de) 2022-12-02 2024-06-13 Polyplan-GmbH Polyurethan-Maschinen Entlüftungsvorrichtung

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US4025363A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-05-24 Benito De Santis Spray equipment cleaner
DE2854325A1 (de) * 1978-12-15 1980-06-19 Mueller Ernst & Co Spueleinrichtung fuer spruehvorrichtung
GB2063414A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-06-03 Electrovert Ltd Cleaning of Printed Circuit Boards
GB2197580A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-25 Jet Stream Systems Limited Band removal
GB2198033A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-06-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Cleaning paint spray guns

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CA620630A (en) * 1961-05-23 The Hobart Manufacturing Company Dishwasher
US4456022A (en) * 1981-10-16 1984-06-26 Roberts Donald E Flatware washing machine
US4785836A (en) * 1987-07-17 1988-11-22 Soichiro Yamamoto Spray washer

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025363A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-05-24 Benito De Santis Spray equipment cleaner
DE2854325A1 (de) * 1978-12-15 1980-06-19 Mueller Ernst & Co Spueleinrichtung fuer spruehvorrichtung
GB2063414A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-06-03 Electrovert Ltd Cleaning of Printed Circuit Boards
GB2198033A (en) * 1986-11-10 1988-06-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Cleaning paint spray guns
GB2197580A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-25 Jet Stream Systems Limited Band removal

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4129778A1 (de) * 1991-09-07 1992-07-09 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zum selbsttaetigen und emissionsarmen reinigen von maschinengefuehrten spruehorganen
WO1997018903A1 (fr) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Crystal Cap Cleaners Inc. Procede et appareil destines au nettoyage de pistolets pulverisateurs
US6355114B1 (en) 1995-11-17 2002-03-12 Kevin R. White Method and apparatus for cleaning spray guns
US6418944B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2002-07-16 Kevin R. White Method and apparatus for cleaning spray guns
DE10129667A1 (de) * 2001-06-20 2003-01-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Reinigungsvorrichtung für Luftkappen an Lackierpistolen
EP1367302A3 (fr) * 2002-05-27 2004-04-14 Dürr Systems GmbH Dispositif d'étanchéité
DE10394135B4 (de) * 2003-02-21 2012-07-05 Philip Jessup Kontaktfreie Sprühgerät-Reinigungsvorrichtung
US8196770B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2012-06-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Fluid supply assembly
US7665672B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-02-23 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7744011B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-06-29 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7753289B2 (en) 2004-01-16 2010-07-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7766250B2 (en) 2004-06-01 2010-08-03 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Antistatic paint cup
US7757972B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2010-07-20 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Conversion adapter for a fluid supply assembly
US7874323B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2011-01-25 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Fluid supply assembly
WO2007004736A1 (fr) * 2005-07-06 2007-01-11 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Procédé de nettoyage d’un pistolet à peinture
EP1764157A2 (fr) 2005-09-15 2007-03-21 Dürr Systems GmbH Elément d'un pulvérisateur rotatif
US7785420B2 (en) 2006-08-01 2010-08-31 Hedson Technologies Ab Method for cleaning a spray gun
US7628343B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2009-12-08 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Triggers for fluid applicators
EP2056970B2 (fr) 2006-08-24 2019-12-25 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de nettoyage de pulvérisateurs, en particulier de pistolets de projection de peinture, et procédé de nettoyage d'un pulvérisateur
US8104423B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2012-01-31 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Coating material dispensing apparatus and method
WO2009009282A3 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2009-03-26 Illinois Tool Works Appareil et procédé de distribution de matériau de revêtement
CN101687207B (zh) * 2006-12-21 2013-07-17 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 涂料分配设备
US8726830B2 (en) 2007-10-08 2014-05-20 Dürr Systems GmbH Robot comprising a cleaning device and associated operating method
EP3012031A1 (fr) 2007-10-08 2016-04-27 Dürr Systems GmbH Robot comprenant un dispositif de nettoyage et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
EP3012032A1 (fr) 2007-10-08 2016-04-27 Dürr Systems GmbH Robot comprenant un dispositif de nettoyage et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
DE102007048248A1 (de) 2007-10-08 2009-05-14 Dürr Systems GmbH Roboter mit einer Reinigungseinrichtung und zugehöriges Betriebsverfahren
EP3245033B1 (fr) 2015-01-13 2021-10-27 Luca Toncelli Poste et installation programmables pour la production de plaques ayant des effets chromatiques
CN109772628A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-05-21 上海外高桥造船有限公司 安全型喷涂机器人
CN117797962A (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-04-02 江苏南极机械有限责任公司 一种船舶压载水舱免涂装防腐喷头
CN117797962B (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-05-31 江苏南极机械有限责任公司 一种船舶压载水舱免涂装防腐喷头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3808801A1 (de) 1989-10-05
US4977911A (en) 1990-12-18
DE58906609D1 (de) 1994-02-17
EP0333040B1 (fr) 1994-01-05
EP0333040A3 (en) 1990-07-25

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