Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
  • A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
  • A23L2/72—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration
  • A23L2/74—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration using membranes, e.g. osmosis, ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
  • B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
  • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
  • B01D61/16—Feed pretreatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
  • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
  • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
  • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
  • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for clarifying liquids, in particular raw juice from fruit, grapes, berries or other fruits and vegetables or wine, by means of cross-flow filtration and pre-finishing.
• the pretreatment of juices by adding fining agents With the pretreatment of juices by adding fining agents, the subsequent sediment separation is to be facilitated and all substances causing opacification are removed so far that subsequent opacification no longer occurs at a later point in time.
• the pretreatment is intended to improve the sensory properties of the juice and possibly also color fading.
• gelatin is added to the raw juice as a fining agent before it is introduced into the batch tank of a crossflow filtration system for clarification.
• Gelatin is used as a fining agent in order to selectively bind at least partially the polyphenols contained in the raw juice and to improve the filtration properties.
• bentonite in combination with gelatin to the raw juice as a further fining agent. Ben ⁇ tonit has the property of binding the protein molecules contained in the raw juice which cause night turbidity.
• Another known fining process consists in that the raw juice bentonite and gelatin in one Mixing nozzle arranged in the flow of raw juice are supplied. Then the fining block in the line and in the subsequent flotation tank flocculates. In the flotation tank, the fining slurry is removed by means of flotation instead of conventional sedimentation. N2 or air is used as the flotation gas.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and reducing the amounts of fining agents added, in order thereby to increase the profitability of the system and to improve the quality of the product.
• the raw juice is first mixed in a continuous process with at least one first fining agent and after a dwell time with at least one further fining agent and then clarified by means of ultra or microfiltration.
• the first fining agent consists of a polyphenol binding agent such as gelatin, egg white, casein or potassium caseinate. High-bloom gelatin with at least 160 bloom is preferably used.
• the residence time after the addition of the first fining agent is at least 5 minutes.
• the second fining agent consists of a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent such as bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite in order to remove fragments of protein which are in the raw juice mixed with the first fining agent and cause subsequent clouding.
• a protein-binding or protein-stabilizing agent such as bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite in order to remove fragments of protein which are in the raw juice mixed with the first fining agent and cause subsequent clouding.
• first and second fining agents are metered in continuously and selectively at one point in each case into the feed stream of the raw juice.
• the raw juice pre-embellished according to the method is introduced into a batch tank for further reaction prior to ultra- or microfiltration.
• the system for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the raw juice is mixed with the first fining agent in a mixing nozzle or a feed pump and is fed via a line to one or more holding tanks to which a further mixing nozzle or a feed pump for add the second fining agent closes, and then the pre-treated raw juice is fed to an ultra or microfiltration device.
• the degree of slenderness of the holding tanks advantageously corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
• the pre-finishing system consisting of the first mixing nozzle, the dwell tanks and the second mixing nozzle is connected upstream of the batch tank of the ultra or microfiltration device.
• the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the juice pre-cleaned and clarified according to the method is to a high degree stable against turbidity. It has been found that the consumption of fining agents is very low. Above all, only a small addition of bentonite is required. As a result, the achievable concentration factor, which is reduced by the bentonite, is reduced only very slightly, so that the yield is improved in comparison with the conventional methods, which require relatively high additions of bentonite. Since bentonite forms a gel layer on the membranes of the ultra or microfiltration system, a higher membrane flux is also achieved by reducing the addition of bentonite.
• the additional apparatus for the ultra or microfiltration device required for the pretreatment according to the invention is relatively simple and enables continuous operation.
• the invention is in the following. Description and the only drawing that illustrates an embodiment, explained in more detail.
• the raw juice is introduced into a mixing nozzle 2 with a feed line 1.
• the first fining agent which consists of a gelatin solution, is continuously metered into the raw juice in the mixing nozzle 2 via a line 3.
• gelatin it is also possible to use other fining agents which bind polyphenols, such as, for example, protein, casein, potassium caseinate.
• the mixing nozzle 2 can consist, for example, of a static mixer or an injector nozzle. There is high turbulence in the narrow flow cross section of the injector mixing nozzle 2, which ensures good mixing of the raw juice with the fining agent.
• the raw juice mixed with gelatin is fed via a line 4 to a retention tank 5 on its underside.
• the dwell tank 5 is followed by two further dwell tanks 5, a line 6 leading from the upper end of the previous dwell tank 5 to the lower end of the next dwell tank 5.
• the retention tanks 5 are relatively slim.
• the degree of slenderness preferably corresponds to a ratio of length to diameter which is greater than 4.
• the raw juice is the second fining agent via a line 8 punctually and continuously supplied, which consists of bentonite, sodium bentonite or mixed bentonite. Other, protein-binding or protein-stabilizing fining agents can also be used.
• the pre-embellished raw juice is then introduced from the mixing nozzle 7 via a line 9 to a batch tank 10 of an ultra or microfiltration device 11. A further reaction of the raw juice with the fining agents takes place in the batch tank 10 and in the ultra or micro filtration system 11. Subsequently, the liquid is circulated with the aid of a circulation pump 12 in a retentate-sensitive circuit 13 of the ultra or microfiltration device 11 and leaves the permeate side as a cloudy stable clear juice through a line 14.
• the retentate is returned to the batch tank 10 through line 15. Because of their particle size, the fining agents cannot pass through the membranes of ultra- or microfiltration 11 and therefore remain effective on the retentate side. As a result of the continuous passage of the raw juice through the pretreatment system consisting of the mixing nozzle 2, the dwell tanks 5 and the mixing nozzle 7, continuous or semi-continuous operation of the system is possible in a simple manner.
• the complexes formed by beauty agents and juice components should be conveyed to the ultra or microfiltration device by means of a pump working on the displacement principle, for example by a mono or sine pump.
• Another possible measure to favor the stability of the clarified juice is achieved by arranging a device that consists of a ccsn batch tank 10 Tr b constantly removed and thus also Schönungstrub.
• Tr b ccsn batch tank 10
• centrifuge which is switched analogously to the second cross-flow membrane filtration system, i.e. which retentate is fed from the batch tank 10 and the liquid at least partially freed from Tr b is fed back into the batch tank 10.
• the amount of the first fining agent (s), e.g. Gelatin in line 3 is expediently regulated depending on the effect of fining.
• further fining agent doses e.g. Bentonite through line 8 determine and regulate.
• the effect of fining can be e.g. by means of a filtration 19, preferably determine the sample stream in the line 18 and a subsequent turbidity measurement within the control device 16.
• the addition of bentonite via line 8 can e.g. determine with a simple computer within the control device 17.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1987
  • 1987-09-23 CH CH366887A patent/CH676910A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1988
  • 1988-09-22 EP EP19880907592 patent/EP0331699A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-09-22 WO PCT/CH1988/000167 patent/WO1989002707A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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