EP0328934A1 - Door closer - Google Patents

Abstract

If the housing of a door closer is divided into a basic housing (11) and a spring housing (12 to 15) and if all the housing flow channels are made in the basic housing (11) and the respectively necessary hydraulic devices, such as throttle valves and the like, are used, then by a different design, especially a different length of the spring housing (12 to 15) connected in a fluid-tight manner to the basic housing (11) it is possible for door closers to have differing return forces and hydraulics of differing action. The door closer can be equipped with differently designed setting-out devices (8). Moreover, it can have differently designed pistons and/or piston drives (21, 23; 22, 24). Finally, it is also possible, if the housing bottom (39) is removable, to replace this by one of a different type, in order thereby also to make a variation possible. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a door closer with a piston which can be displaced in a housing against the force of at least one return spring and a hydraulic overflow device from one cylinder space to another. Such door closers are known in various designs, both as overhead door closers and as floor door closers. The door to be closed is non-rotatably connected to its rotatable drive member when it is designed as a floor door closer. In a so-called overhead door closer, the door closer housing is attached to the door. A linkage connects to the fixed door frame. In both cases, the rotary movement of the door is transmitted via the drive member to a door closer mechanism, which converts the rotary movement of the drive member into a sliding movement of the piston. In the overhead door closer, for example, the drive member is connected to a pinion, which is connected to a rack of the piston cooperates. In the floor door closer, the drive member can be coupled with a cam, which acts on a roller on a slide connected to a piston rod. In any case, the piston is brought from a starting position into a displacement position under simultaneous tension or stronger tension of the return spring or springs supported on the piston on the one hand and on the housing on the other hand. When the door is opened, a hydraulic medium poured into the housing of the door closer flows largely unthrottled, for example from a front hydraulic chamber into a rear hydraulic chamber. This overflow is caused by the piston movement, which reduces one hydraulic chamber and at the same time enlarges the other accordingly. The medium can overflow, for example, through a valve device in the piston and / or the piston rod. When the door is released, the return spring pushes the piston back into its original position, the two hydraulic chambers gradually returning to their original size. However, the medium flows in a different way, whereby it must flow through at least one throttle device. Compared to opening, this causes a comparatively slow overflow and, as a result, the door can be automatically closed more slowly than with manual throttle setting.

Special devices of the door closer allow the door to be closed violently faster than is possible via the throttle device itself. In addition, sol che door closer with a locking device, in particular a hydraulic locking device for the wide open door. In the latter case too, at least one channel or additional channel runs in the housing of the door closer.

As I said, there are not only general overhead door closers and floor door closers, but also versions for light, medium and heavy doors. In addition, the drive element of the door closer can be equipped with different linkages or other mechanisms. For example, there are simple scissor-type linkages, but also so-called parallel-arm linkages, which are preferred for aesthetic reasons. The closing force can be adjustable in each case.

With this large number of types, it is not surprising that each door closer is provided with a different housing by the same manufacturer. Measured by the total number of door closers manufactured, each type only has a relatively small number of housings. This makes the manufacture of every single door closer expensive.

The object of the invention is now to reduce the manufacturing costs of the door closer.

To solve this problem it is proposed according to the invention that the door closer corresponds to the preamble of claim 1 chend is the characterizing part of this claim. Due to the division of the two-part door closer housing into a basic housing and a spring housing, the manufacturing costs of such a door closer cannot be reduced insignificantly if all the channels necessary for the overflow of the hydraulic medium from the front to the rear cylinder space are attached to the basic housing suitable for all types of door closer all valves, throttling elements and other hydraulic devices are mounted on it, but on the other hand there are no hydraulic flow paths on the spring housing, but this connects it to the basic housing in a liquid-tight manner. You can now manufacture all types of door closers with one and the same basic housing and thereby achieve a high number of pieces. The individual door closers differ, for example, for light, medium and heavy doors only in that springs of different strengths and thus long springs have to be installed, the small spring taking up much less space than the medium or large one. As a result, door closers for all occurring door sizes and weights can be produced by different sizes of the spring housing alone. The spring housing is a simple part because it has no hydraulic channels and facilities to accommodate. These simple spring housings can be manufactured in different sizes or, more precisely, lengths, and then, as before, depending on the door size or weight, the required spring or springs are used in conjunction with the associated spring housing.

The additional costs incurred by dividing the housing into two parts are not only compensated for, but also result in a reduction in production costs overall, that the same basic housing is used for all door closer types, regardless of their hydraulic system and thus the technical possibilities of this door closer can. Because of the multiplied number of pieces, the use of production machines is now worthwhile. This alone can significantly reduce manufacturing costs. In the previously small series for each door closer type, the use of production machines has no advantages. The opposite is often the case.

A particularly preferred embodiment of a door closer, the housing of which has at least two housing channels connecting a front hydraulic chamber on this side of the piston with a rear hydraulic chamber arranged on the other side of the piston, is characterized in that at least one of the housing channels is provided with a plug, a seal or the like. is closed. Of course, with only two housing channels, at most one is closed. With four housing channels, for example, two or three can be closed. The advantage of this training lies in the fact that, in the case of automatic production, all the housings have the maximum number of housing channels and bores, receptacles and the like which are necessary for the most technically complex implementation. In this respect you do not have to un in the manufacture of the basic housing decide whether the single basic housing should be used for a simple or a technically complicated door closer. Although this leads to the fact that more channels, bores, receptacles and the like are attached to a basic housing of a simple door closer than is necessary per se, this can nevertheless result in cheaper production than when dividing the overall production into different basic housings would have expected, where the production machine would have to be set and / or programmed differently. In order to block the hydraulic paths that are not required in the simpler or not so complicated door closers, each can be blocked with the help of at least one plug, a seal or another known element that can be inserted tightly, for example a screw, a pressed-in bolt or the like. close. This means that the plug can of course also be a screw plug if the fastening bore is at least partially a threaded bore.

A further embodiment of a door closer, the housing of which, in particular on two mutually opposite housing walls, has housing channels, each of which is assigned at least one receptacle for a throttle screw, a throttle valve or the like, consists in that in at least one of the receptacles a sealing plug for interruption of the assigned channel is screwed in. The shape of the sealing plug must correspond to the extent of the throttle screw or the like to be screwed in instead, by doing this for screwing in and shutting off the channel the location provided for this is necessary. In addition, it is possible to provide less expensive material and, if necessary, an overall simpler manufacture of the sealing plug compared to the throttle screw or the like.

A further variant of a door closer, the housing of which is equipped with a sealingly inserted housing base, provides that the housing base is located at the end of the basic housing which is remote from the spring housing. The removable housing base can be useful not only for assembly reasons, but in a further developed door closer it also accommodates a valve unit and part of at least one throttle duct on the housing side. In this case, the valve unit can interact with a further valve unit accommodated in the piston in a known manner. Such a design is particularly advantageous in door closers with a locking device for the wide-open door and / or in a door closer that can be controlled, for example, by a solenoid valve or the like, as used, for example, in fire protection doors.

The exact arrangement of the overflow channels and the entire hydraulic valves, throttle devices and the like, as can also be used in the above-described door closer in a complex design, results for example from DE-GM 85 26 660. For this reason, these elements of the door closer not explained in detail here and also not the mode of operation when opening, when closing, when closing forcefully and when locking the door.

• Fig. 1 das obere linke Ende einer Tür mit einem Obentür­schließer mit Scherengestänge,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf diese Tür,
• Fig. 3 einer der Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung, jedoch mit Parallelarmgestänge,
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf Fig. 3,
• Fign. 5 - 8 in vergrößertem Maßstab Türschließer mit jeweils dem gleichen Grundgehäuse, aber stufenweise vergrößertem Federgehäuse, wobei die Ausführungen nach den Fign. 5 bis 7 mit einem Scherengestänge und diejenige nach Fig. 8 mit einem Parallelarmgestänge versehen sind,
• Fig. 9 eine Seitenansicht der Fig. 5,
• Fig. 10 eine Seitenansicht der Fig. 8,
• Fig. 11 in weiterer Vergrößerung ein Türschließer gemäß Fig. 7 von vorne,
• Fig. 12 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie XII-XII der Fig. 11,
• Fig. 13 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie XIII-XIII der Fig. 11,
• Fign. 14 - 16 Darstellungen gemäß Fign. 11 bis 13 einer anderen Ausführungsform.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows various embodiments of the invention. Here represent:

• 1 the upper left end of a door with an overhead door closer with scissors linkage,
• 2 is a plan view of this door,
• 3 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, but with a parallel arm linkage,
• 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3,
• Fig. 5 - 8 in an enlarged scale door closers, each with the same basic housing, but gradually enlarged spring housing, the designs according to FIGS. 5 to 7 are provided with a scissor linkage and that according to FIG. 8 with a parallel arm linkage,
• 9 is a side view of FIG. 5,
• 10 is a side view of FIG. 8,
• 11 in a further enlargement a door closer according to FIG. 7 from the front,
• 12 is a section along the line XII-XII of FIG. 11,
• 13 shows a section along the line XIII-XIII of FIG. 11,
• Fig. 14 - 16 representations according to FIGS. 11 to 13 of another embodiment.

Although the invention is illustrated in the drawing with the aid of overhead door closers, it is not restricted to this. It can also be floor closers without further ado. The essence of the invention lies, as in particular the FIGS. 5 to 8 identify that door closers of different strengths, hydraulically different working and equipped with different opening devices enable a large number of identical parts of a total production in the context of a series that all have one and the same basic housing. Different spring housings and / or opening devices can be mounted on this. The spring housings are of course all the same, at least at their connection end. Expediently, however, they differ according to FIGS. 5 to 8 only in terms of their length. This can be increased in stages. This goes hand in hand with a step-by-step design of an outer housing, for example a floor box, if one is provided. Because the basic housing of all door closers in this series is the same, they are all preferably equipped with the same drive shaft. All that is then required is the same connector on the different opening devices in order to design the door closer for one or the other opening device type. The entire hydraulic system on the housing is located exclusively on the basic housing, which means that the spring housing can be kept very simple and can be easily installed. It is particularly advantageous, but not absolutely necessary, if the channels and bores in the housing, which are present in all versions of this series, are of the same design, even with different hydraulic designs, so that high-volume production is possible on one machine. The use of the latter is particularly worthwhile if the hydraulically simpler versions are equipped with all the hydraulic bores, channels, etc. required for the most complicated variant, and then the bores and channels that are not required are sealed with plugs, seals and the like. In terms of production, this is cheaper than the conversion of the production machine because the latter would in turn mean smaller series.

If you have the fig. Comparing 2 and 4 with each other, you can see easy that the scissors linkage 1 projects relatively far into the room and is therefore not desired everywhere for optical reasons. The parallel arm linkage 2 with the sliding arm 3 acts much more elegantly. However, it requires a different design of the mechanism which converts the rotary movement of the drive shaft 4 into a displacement movement of the piston 5 and is explained in more detail below. Only for the sake of completeness is it added that the door closer, regardless of its design, is generally designated 6 and that it is attached to the door 7. The free end of the opening device generally designated 8, regardless of its design, is preferably attached to a fixed frame 9. The upper pivot bearing of the door has the reference number 10.

The basic housing used in all embodiments of this series is designated by 11. A spring housing 12, 13, 14 or 15 can be attached to it, in particular screwed on. Depending on the length L of the spring housing, one chooses the larger length of the load spring 16 for the piston 5, which of course can extend partially into the basic housing. If necessary, a second loading spring 17 can also be installed. That or those in FIGS. 12 and 15 left end or ends are supported on the associated end of the piston 5, while the other end (s) abut on a spring plate 18. This component is advantageously part of an adjusting device 19 for the spring force.

In an overhead door closer, a relatively long piston is used, between the two ends of which there is a recess 20 into which a pinion 21 or 22, which is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft 4, engages. The teeth of the pinion mesh with those of a rack 23 or 24 formed or attached to the piston. In this respect, rotating the door via the drive shaft 4 and the pinion 21 or 22 leads to a displacement of the rack 23 or 24 in the direction of arrow 25, whereby the rotary movement is symbolized with 26.

Due to the piston displacement in the direction of arrow 25, the spring or springs 16 and 17 are compressed. In addition, the hydraulic medium filled into the door closer 6 is pressed out of the front cylinder space 27, which is reduced by the piston movement, into the rear cylinder space 28. In order for it to flow over quickly, flow paths of sufficient cross-section must be available. For example, one or two hydraulic devices 29 and / or 30 known in terms of their design and mode of operation are installed in the piston 5 of the door closer, which have or have at least one correspondingly opening check valve or the like.

If the opened door is released, the medium flows back from the rear cylinder space 26 into the front cylinder space 27 because the load spring or springs 16, 17 push the piston back into its initial position. The hydraulic medium picks up but a different flow path, because the backflow must be throttled to cause the door to close slowly. On the other hand, however, the throttled movement should be replaced at the end as far as possible by an unthrottled one, so that, for example, a latch of a lock installed in the door 7 can be actuated via the force of the springs or springs 16, 17.

The location and design of the hydraulic channels on the housing with their longitudinal and transverse bores are known per se and are therefore not drawn. One or more throttle valves are used in the housing-side flow channels to restrict the backflow. A particularly versatile and convenient door closer is equipped with four throttle valves 31 to 34, for example. In the exemplary embodiments, the throttle ducts are located on opposite walls 35 and 36 of the basic housing 11. Preferably, only the throttle valve 31 is inserted into the housing wall 35, while the other throttle valves 32 to 34 have been installed in the wall 36.

If only one or at least not all throttle valves are required, their bores can be closed at least to the outside by a stopper, a seal or the like. If the flow channel receiving this throttle valve is not to be flowed through at all, then this seal or the like must be inserted deep enough or made long enough.

From Figs. 11 and 14 it can further be seen that the basic housing 11 can also have fastening bores, for example, through which fastening screws or the like are inserted for the assembly of the door closer. Using e.g. clipped housing covers protect the throttle valves and make them inaccessible to unauthorized persons.

From the foregoing, it is clear that the same basic housing 11 is expediently used for all embodiments of the same series, but on the other hand different hydraulic equipment can be provided. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 15, the piston, in particular the rack 23 or 24 formed or fastened thereon, must also be designed according to the needs or the deploying device used. 12, a straight rack 23 is used, in the case of a parallel linkage 2 with a sliding arm 3, a rack 24, which is shaped in a special way and, if necessary, provided with special toothing 24, is required. As a result, the pinion 22 also has this Embodiment a special shape shown in FIG. 15. An eccentric pinion 22 is preferably used, the center of the toothing being offset from the center of rotation. Particularly when the pinion and the axis of rotation are manufactured separately, the pinion is easy and simple to produce, for example on a hobbing machine. The associated special toothing of the rack can be easily created using a broach.

The housing base 39 of the basic housing 11 is located at the end facing away from the spring housing. It is advantageously sealed and detachably mounted in particular by means of at least one O-ring. As a result, it can easily be exchanged for another one, especially a different one. This is particularly important insofar as the housing base 39 can be equipped in a known manner with at least one hydraulic channel and preferably at least one further hydraulic device, for example a check valve. This is particularly important in the case of a hydraulic locking device for the wide-open door. However, the door can also be fixed in another way, for example by means of an electromagnet in the housing base 39, which interacts with a hydraulic valve or the like. The electromagnet can then be controlled by means of an auxiliary device, for example a smoke detector, and it ensures that when smoke occurs, the door is automatically closed or cannot be held automatically in a wide-open position.

The spring housing 12 to 15 preferably has a pot-shaped shape, with all dimensions, with the exception of the length, preferably being the same. The short spring bonnet 12 is used for a door closer for light doors, the somewhat longer spring bonnet 13 is used for doors of medium weight, while the spring bonnet 14, which is one step longer, results in a door closer according to the DIN standard. The one in the drawing longest spring hood 15 can accommodate an even longer spring and it is used, for example, in a door closer for heavy doors and parallel arm linkages as well as the corresponding DIN regulation.

At the free end of the spring housing 12 to 15 facing away from the basic housing 11 there is a central opening 40, in particular with a circular cross section, which is penetrated by a shaft 41 of a spring adjusting device 19. The right end of the load spring or springs 16, 17 is supported on its axially adjustable spring plate 18. In an embodiment without a spring adjusting device, the opening 40 can be closed by means of a plug.

Claims (5)

1. Door closer with in a housing against the force of at least one return spring (16, 17) displaceable piston (5) and hydraulic overflow device from one cylinder chamber to another, characterized in that the two-part housing and from all housing-side channels, valves, Throttle devices (31 to 34) and the like. Receiving basic housing (11) and a flow channel-free spring housing (12 to 15), which is connected to the basic housing (11) in a liquid-tight manner. 2. Door closer according to claim 1, the housing of which has at least two housing channels on one side of the piston (5) located front hydraulic chamber (27) with a rear hydraulic chamber (27) arranged on the other side of the piston (5), characterized in that at least one of the housing channels the basic housing (11) is closed by a stopper, a seal or the like. 3. Door closer according to claim 2, whose housing, in particular on two opposite housing walls (35, 36), has housing channels, each of which is assigned at least one receptacle for a throttle screw, a throttle valve (31 to 34) or the like, characterized that a plug or the like is screwed into at least one of the receptacles to interrupt the assigned channel. 4. Door closer according to at least one of the preceding claims, the housing of which is equipped with a sealingly inserted housing base (39), characterized in that the housing base (39) is located at the end of the basic housing (11) remote from the spring housing (12 to 15) . 5. Door closer according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is at the free end of each spring housing (12 to 15) a particularly central opening (40) for a shaft (41) of an optionally installable spring adjusting device (19).

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