EP0325671A1 - Fire chariot superstructure - Google Patents

Abstract

In the firing of ceramic products, multi-level superstructures are used, on which the products are stacked on burning. The superstructures consist of supports and beams, on which support gratings or plates rest. It is proposed to mount on the supports (1) distance elements (2) and junction elements (3) which are provided with openings (4) to receive the beams (5). The separation of the beams and the level bottoms is determined by the length of the distance elements used in each case. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an attachment for kiln cars, which contains several floors and consists of vertical supports attached to the kiln car and horizontal beams carrying plates or grids.

In order to make better use of the combustion chamber of tunnel kilns and to reduce the energy requirement when burning ceramic products, such as porcelain, sanitary products, insulators, etc., structures or attachments are increasingly being used which enable the furnace chamber to be stacked more effectively on the kiln car. The attachments consist of several vertical supports that are embedded in the kiln car or screwed or jammed to the car. The supports hold horizontal beams on which plates or grids rest to receive the firing material, the strength and spacing of which are adapted to the dimensions of the firing material. To reduce the heat capacity of the attachment, hollow beams and slabs with a small thickness are generally used.

Because of the high firing temperature of the ceramic products, all parts of the attachment, like other firing aids, are made of ceramic materials that are stable at least at the firing temperatures, especially silicon carbide or cordierite. The effort for that Processing of brittle and hard ceramics is much larger than processing wood or metal, so that the usual solutions in half-timbered construction for connecting the individual elements of an attachment, e.g. single or multiple pinning or mortising with or without knot elements, for non-positive connection of supports and bars are unsuitable. It has been proposed to provide the supports with horizontal holes and to insert the beams into the holes. The spacing of the beams is defined by the holes and the furnace space can only be fully used with a variable firing height if the spacing between the holes is in constant proportion to the firing height. The processing effort is also great with this solution and it cannot be excluded that the applied forces are introduced into the supports and cracks are triggered via cracks or other processing errors.

The invention is therefore based on the object of simplifying the connection of supports and beams, so that in particular a special processing of the elements to be connected is not necessary. Other tasks are the most infinitely variable adjustment of the beam spacing to the material to be fired and an improved introduction of force into the supports.

The object is achieved with an attachment of the type described in that sleeve-like spacer and node elements are mounted on the supports, which have vertically extending slot-like openings on the node elements supporting the spacer elements, and the bars engage in the openings.

Beams and spacers of the attachment are connected via cube-shaped knot elements, which are attached to the supports like sleeves. At least one of the vertical surfaces the node elements are provided with slots in which the horizontal bars are inserted. The distance between the node elements and thus the bar is determined by distance elements, which are also mounted on the supports and on which the node elements are supported. By combining spacer elements of different heights, which are, for example, hollow-cylindrical, the distance between the node elements and the inserted bars can be adapted practically continuously to the height of the firing material, and the furnace space can be fully used accordingly. The force is introduced into the kiln car via the spacer elements and the supports essentially serve to guide the spacer and node elements. Shear forces caused by displacements of the mounted elements are low with close guidance, so that the supports can be made very thin-walled and also made of ceramic materials with lower temperature resistance. Ceramic materials with high temperature resistance, in particular silicon carbide, are preferred for the loaded spacer and node elements and the beams. If the load is high, elements with a larger wall thickness will be used; if the load is low, smaller wall thicknesses are sufficient. For supports, beams and spacers, extruded profiles are expediently used, the node element is produced, for example, by slip casting or die pressing, and the slots are molded in, so that all parts of the firing attachment do not require machining.

The invention is described below by way of example with reference to drawings.

• Fig. 1 - den Fachwerkbau eines Brennaufsatzes mit Stützen, Balken, Distanz- und Knotenelementen;
• Fig. 2 - eine einzelne Stütze mit Distanzstücken, Balken und einem Knotenelement;
• Fig. 3 - einen Vertikalschnitt, enthaltend die Linie III - III in Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 - ein Knotenelement.

Show it:

• Fig. 1 - the half-timbered construction of a firing attachment with supports, beams, spacer and node elements;
• Fig. 2 - a single support with spacers, beams and a node element;
• Fig. 3 - a vertical section containing the line III - III in Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 - a node element.

In the figures, the essentially vertical supports 1, spacer elements 2 and node elements 3 made of silicon carbide. The hollow bars 5, which also exist as silicon carbide, extend between two supports 1 each and are embedded in slots 4 in the vertical surfaces 6 of the node elements 3. The supports 1 are anchored in bores 8 of the Brennwagenauflage 7, for example in a snug fit. The spacers 2 have different lengths, so that the distance between the bars 5 can be adapted almost continuously to the dimensions of the items not shown in the drawing and the furnace space can be used completely.

Claims (3)

1. Multi-storey attachment for kiln cars, consisting of vertical supports attached to the kiln car and horizontal beams carrying plates or grates,
characterized,
that sleeve-like spacer and node elements are mounted on the supports, have vertically extending slot-like openings on the node elements supporting the spacer elements, and the bars engage in the openings. 2. Burning attachment according to claim 1,
characterized,
that spacer and node elements and beams are made of silicon carbide. 3. Burning attachment according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the node elements are made by slip casting.

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