EP0319535A1 - Waste comminuting device. - Google Patents

Waste comminuting device.

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Publication number
EP0319535A1
EP0319535A1 EP87905161A EP87905161A EP0319535A1 EP 0319535 A1 EP0319535 A1 EP 0319535A1 EP 87905161 A EP87905161 A EP 87905161A EP 87905161 A EP87905161 A EP 87905161A EP 0319535 A1 EP0319535 A1 EP 0319535A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
comminution
rollers
shredding
rotation
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87905161A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0319535B1 (en
Inventor
Anton Unterwurzacher
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C2018/147—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers of the plural stage type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for comminuting waste with a housing having a filling opening, in which at least four horizontally intermeshing comminuting rollers are arranged symmetrically to a vertical center plane, each consisting of a plurality of comminuting disks arranged at an axial distance from one another on a drive shaft and offset on the circumference
  • Have fangs which preferably have cutting edges in both directions of rotation, the inner pair of comminution rollers having opposite directions of rotation, and the peripheral speeds increase with increasing distance from the central plane.
  • Such a device with four shredding rollers is already known from DE-OS 2451168.
  • 3,490,706 in which case a knife roller rotating at high speed, which chops and pulverizes the material, is fed with the material by means of a pair of brush rollers on both sides, these also serving to clean the knife roller.
  • the throughput is also limited by the performance of the single knife roller.
  • a comminution device with six rollers is shown in AT-PS 359 812.
  • the upper single coarse comminution roller pair has four intermeshing fine comminution rollers arranged in a square.
  • the invention has now set itself the task of creating a device of the type mentioned, which has an improved shredding performance without increasing the outlay on equipment.
  • the additional shredding effect of the secondary shredding units is achieved by the higher speed of the outer shredding rollers, which also have a clearing effect.
  • the material crushed by the middle pair, but not passing through the sieve bottom, is brought upwards again on the outside, where it is primarily fed to the secondary plants, so that the middle main shredder is mainly used for coarse shredding or remains reserved for it.
  • the secondary shredding units can also perform proportionate coarse shredding work.
  • the increased speed which is made possible by the less effort required for secondary shredding, increases performance.
  • the peripheral speeds of the shredding rollers are approximately doubled with increasing distance from the center plane, and the number of fangs per shredding disk of the shredding rollers adjoining the outside preferably corresponds to the multiplication factor of the peripheral speeds. For example, speeds of 18 to 20 revolutions per minute have proven themselves for the middle shredding roller pair and speeds of 35 to 40 revolutions per minute for each an outer comminution roller, wherein a third comminution roller could be driven at about 60 to 80 revolutions per minute. Due to the low peripheral speed of the inner shredding rollers, only a few fangs are necessary. If, for example, a shredding roller diameter of approximately 28 cm is given, the peripheral speed is approximately 30 cm per second.
  • each inner comminution roller consists of comminution disks, each of which has a fang.
  • each comminution disc of the first comminution roller adjoining the outside has two fangs and each comminution disc of a third comminution roller has four fangs on each side.
  • the diameters of all comminution rollers are preferably of the same size, and each comminution roller has, for example, twelve comminution disks.
  • shredding disks of the inner shredding rollers could also have a double tooth, in particular stepped in height, instead of a single tooth, so that their cutting edges follow one another, for example, at a distance of three to four centimeters.
  • the drive of the shredding rollers is reversible in order to avoid overloading the motor due to jamming or wedging, whereby fangs with cutting edges in both directions of rotation not only lead to the release of wedged material but also to shredding, since each inner shredding roller does not only lead to the second inner one , but also engages in an outer shredding roller.
  • the drives of the shredding rollers are advantageously individually reversible and, if necessary, the speed can also be changed. Especially when reversing the direction of rotation, a further increase in the shredding rate is achieved if the housing on each
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of a device according to the invention and FIG. 2 shows a partial vertical section through a further embodiment.
  • the device has a housing 1 which is provided with an upper filling opening 2.
  • drive shafts are mounted symmetrically to a vertical center plane 4, each of which is equipped with a shredding roller 5, 6, which is composed of shredding disks 8 provided with fangs 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the shredding disks 8 are arranged axially at a distance from one another which corresponds to the width of a shredding disk 8, wherein they are each offset axially by the disk width and mesh with one another.
  • the two shredding rollers 5 of the inner pair form a main tearing mechanism 14 and rotate in opposite directions, so that the waste filled in via the filling opening 2 is mainly passed between the shredding disks 8 of the rollers 5 and thereby shredded.
  • a grid or screen Floor 13 provided below the inner shredding rollers 5 that has the desired size of the crushed material particles corresponding openings. Since the shredding of the waste, depending on the type of material and the opening width of the sieve plate 13, initially leads to a larger amount of material particles which do not fall through the sieve openings, in particular when shredding cardboard boxes, plastic waste, etc., and above all such material can also wedge or jam between the shredding disks 8, an outer shredding roller 6 is arranged symmetrically to the vertical center plane 4 in a bulge of the housing 1. These take over the material that does not pass through the sieve trays 13 and guide it up again to the side of the filling opening 2.
  • Material from the filling opening 2 is limited by the partially covered arrangement in the bulge of the side wall of the housing 1.
  • the post-shredded material is again guided downwards and falls through the sieve trays 13 with the appropriate size, whereby not yet comminuted particles are conveyed up a second time and fed to the secondary shredder 15.
  • the secondary shredders 15 thereby essentially keep the main shredder 14 free from secondary shredding work, which is thus capable of a significantly increased shredding rate.
  • the outer comminution rollers 6 are also able to loosen material jammed in the inner comminution rollers 5.
  • Each of the two outer crushing rollers 6 shown in the drawings could have a further outside subsequent shredding roller can be assigned, which creates two additional secondary ripening plants.
  • the inner shredding units 6 have a low peripheral speed, which is preferably around 30 cm / sec.
  • the low peripheral speed enables the introduction of high tearing forces with the help of massive fangs 9, 10. Since these are circumferentially offset on the shredding roller 5, for example arranged in a helical manner or also randomly distributed, one serrated tooth 9, 10 can suffice for each shredding disk 8, which can optionally also be formed by a double tooth stepped in height.
  • each ripper tooth 9 has cutting edges 11 on one side, so that its ripping action occurs only in the normal direction of rotation shown by arrows.
  • the outer comminution rollers 6, which have to exert lower forces for the secondary comminution in the two secondary shredding units 15, are driven at higher, preferably approximately twice the peripheral speeds.
  • the lower force load allows an increase in the number of fangs 9, 10, which is preferably approximately proportional to the increased peripheral speed. In the exemplary embodiment, therefore, two fangs 9, 10 are provided per outer comminution disk 6.
  • the higher peripheral speed and the increased number of fang teeth produce a tearing effect in the secondary tearing unit 15 even if the direction of rotation of the inner comminution rollers 5 is reversed for the release of wedged material in the event of a possible overloading of the main tearing unit 14.
  • FIG. 2 which is otherwise of the same design, only shows modified fangs 10 on all comminution rollers 5, 6, which further increases the comminution performance.
  • the fangs 10 are effective there on both sides and are provided with cutting edges 11, so that commutation work is carried out in each of the three tearing mechanisms 14, 15 in any case even when the direction of rotation of each comminution roller 5,6 is reversed.
  • the direction of rotation of one or all of the comminution rollers 5, 6 can be reversed not only in the event of material becoming jammed, but more often over more than one revolution for better attack on the material.
  • the four comminution rollers 5, 6 are provided in a concave arrangement on the filling opening side, i.e. the outer crushing rollers 6 are slightly higher.
  • An axial plane through an outer and inner comminution roller 6, 5 can rise in the shown angle ⁇ of preferably 20 to the horizontal.

Abstract

Dans le carter (1) du dispositif sont disposés quatre cylindres broyeurs (5, 6) horizontaux, symétriques par rapport à un plan moyen vertical (4). Chacun des disques broyeurs (8), disposés avec un écartement axial sur un arbre moteur (7), présente sur sa périphérie des dents (9, 10) qui engrènent mutuellement, de façon qu'une paire de cylindres broyeurs (14) soit disposée au milieu de deux cylindres broyeurs (15) latéraux. Les deux cylindres broyeurs du milieu (5) ont un sens de rotation opposé et le sens de rotation des autres cylindres broyeurs (6), disposés latéralement, correspond au sens de rotation du cylindre (5) du milieu. Les vitesses périphériques des cylindres broyeurs (6) externes sont de préférence à peu près le double de celles des cylindres du milieu (5). Au-dessous de chaque cylindre broyeur (5, 6) est prévu un tamis perforé courbé (13).In the casing (1) of the device are arranged four grinding rolls (5, 6) horizontal, symmetrical with respect to a vertical mean plane (4). Each of the grinding discs (8), arranged with an axial spacing on a motor shaft (7), has teeth (9, 10) on its periphery which mesh with each other, so that a pair of grinding cylinders (14) is arranged in the middle of two side grinding cylinders (15). The two middle crushing cylinders (5) have an opposite direction of rotation and the direction of rotation of the other crushing cylinders (6), arranged laterally, corresponds to the direction of rotation of the middle cylinder (5). The peripheral speeds of the external grinding cylinders (6) are preferably approximately twice that of the middle cylinders (5). Below each grinding cylinder (5, 6) is a curved perforated screen (13).

Description

Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Abfall Device for shredding waste
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Abfall mit einem eine Einfüllöffnung aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dem symmetrisch zu einer vertikalen Mittelebene zumindest vier horizontal liegende ineinandergreifende Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet sind, die jeweils aus mehreren mit axialem Abstand zueinander auf einer Antriebswelle angeordneten Zerkleinerungsscheiben bestehen und am Umfang versetzte Reißzähne aufweisen, die vorzugsweise in beide Drehrichtungen Schneidkanten aufweisen, wobei das innere Paar der Zerkleinerungswalzen gegenläufige Drehrichtungen aufweist, und die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten sich mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Mittelebene erhöhen.The invention relates to a device for comminuting waste with a housing having a filling opening, in which at least four horizontally intermeshing comminuting rollers are arranged symmetrically to a vertical center plane, each consisting of a plurality of comminuting disks arranged at an axial distance from one another on a drive shaft and offset on the circumference Have fangs, which preferably have cutting edges in both directions of rotation, the inner pair of comminution rollers having opposite directions of rotation, and the peripheral speeds increase with increasing distance from the central plane.
Derartige Vorrichtung mit vier Zerkleinerungswalzen ist bereits aus der DE-OS 2451168 bekannt. Diese zeigt vier in einer Ebene liegende Zerkleinerungswalzen, deren Drehrichtungen jeweils wechseln. Zwischen den beiden mittleren Zerkleinerungswalzen ist dabei keine Zerkleinerungswirkung gegeben, da sie im Eingriffsbereich von unten nach oben drehen. Eine Zerkleinerung findet somit nur zwischen einer mittleren und einer äußeren Zerkleinerungswalze statt. Nur nach der Umkehr bei Verstopfung wirken die beiden mittleren Walzen zerkleinernd, wobei jedoch die beiden äußeren Reißwerke außer Funktion gesetzt werden. Nach der DE-OS 2451168 werden daher mit vier Zerkleinerungswalzen nur zwei Schneidfurchen bzw. Reißwerke erzielt.Such a device with four shredding rollers is already known from DE-OS 2451168. This shows four crushing rollers lying in one plane, whose directions of rotation change each time. There is no crushing effect between the two middle crushing rollers, since they rotate from bottom to top in the engagement area. Shredding therefore only takes place between a middle and an outer shredding roller. Only after reversing in the event of a blockage do the two middle rollers shred, however the two outer tearing mechanisms are deactivated. According to DE-OS 2451168, only two cutting furrows or tearing mechanisms are therefore achieved with four comminution rollers.
Aus der AT-PS 375842 ist es bekannt, ein einziges Zerkleinerungswalzenpaar, dem austrittsseitig ein Siebboden zur Größenbegrenzung der zerkleinerten Teilchen zugeordnet ist eintrittsseitig mit einem Räumwalzenpaar zusammenwirken zu lassen, das die zu groben, den Siebboden nicht passierende und von den Zerkleinerungswalzen außenseitig wieder nach oben in den Einfüllraum mitzunehmenden Material teilchen daran hindert, den Scheibenzwischenraum zu verstopfen, sodaß sie bei der bzw. den weiteren Bearbeitungsvorgängen durch das Zerkleinerungswalzenpaar diesem mittig zugeführt werden. Auch hier ist die Höhe der Durchsatzmenge auf die Leistung des Zerkleinerungswalzenpaares beschränkt, wobei diese durch die Hintanhaltung von Stauungen und Verstopfungen im wesentlichen konstant bleiben kann. Eine weitere Zerkleinerungseinrichtung mit mehreren Walzen zeigt die US-PS 3,490 706, wobei hier einer mit hoher Drehzahl rotierenden Messerwalze, die das Material zerhackt und pulverisiert, mittels einem beidseitigen Paar von Bürstenwalzen das Material zugeführt wird, wobei diese auch zur Reinigung der Messerwalze dienen. Der Durchsatz ist ebenfalls durch die Leistung der einzigen Messerwalze beschränkt.From AT-PS 375842 it is known to let a single pair of comminution rollers, to the outlet side of which a sieve tray is assigned to limit the size of the comminuted particles, cooperate on the inlet side with a pair of broaching rollers which re-pass the coarse ones, which do not pass through the sieve tray and on the outside from the comminution rollers Material to be taken up into the filling space prevents the space between the panes from becoming blocked so that they are fed to the center of the crushing roller during the further processing operations. Here, too, the amount of throughput is limited to the performance of the pair of comminution rollers, which can remain essentially constant due to the stagnation and blockages. Another shredding device with several rollers is shown in US Pat. No. 3,490,706, in which case a knife roller rotating at high speed, which chops and pulverizes the material, is fed with the material by means of a pair of brush rollers on both sides, these also serving to clean the knife roller. The throughput is also limited by the performance of the single knife roller.
Eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung mit sechs Walzen zeigt die AT-PS 359 812. Hier sind dem oberen einzigen Grobzerkleinerungswalzenpaar vier im Quadrat angeordnete ineinandergreifende Feinzerkleinerungswalzen nachgeordnet. DieA comminution device with six rollers is shown in AT-PS 359 812. Here, the upper single coarse comminution roller pair has four intermeshing fine comminution rollers arranged in a square. The
Durchsatzmenge richtet sich nach der Leistung der Grobzerkleinerungswalzen mit den oben erwähnten Problemen.Throughput depends on the performance of the coarse shredding rollers with the problems mentioned above.
Die Erfindung hat es sich nun zur Aufgabe gestellt eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, die eine verbesserte Zerkleinerungsleistung aufweist, ohne daß der apparative Aufwand erhöht wird.The invention has now set itself the task of creating a device of the type mentioned, which has an improved shredding performance without increasing the outlay on equipment.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies nun dadurch erreicht, daß in an sich bekannter Weise die Drehrichtungen aller weiteren, nach außen anschließenden Zerkleinerungswalzen an jeder Seite jeweils der Drehrichtung der inneren Zerkleinerungs walze entsprechen und austrittsseitig jeder Zerkleinerungswalze ein parallel gekrümmter Siebboden zugeordnet ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung führt durch die Verdoppelung der Zerkleinerungswalzen nicht zu einer bloßen Verdoppelung des Durchsatzes, sondern dies wird nochmals erhöht (annähernd verdreifacht), da neben dem mittleren Hauptreißwerk, das in bekannter Weise durch die mittleren Zerkleinerungswalzen gebildet ist, beidseitig zumindest je ein Nebenreißwerk ausgebildet ist. Vier Zerkleinerungswalzen ergeben somit drei Reißwerke, sechs Zerkleinerungswalzen fünf Reißwerke, usw. Dabei wird die zusätzliche Reißwirkung der Nebenreiflwerke durch die höhere Drehzahl der äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen erreicht, die gleichzeitig auch ausräumend wirken. Das vom mittleren Paar zerkleinerte, jedoch nicht den Siebboden passierende Material wird außenseitig wieder nach oben gebracht , wobei es dort in erster Linie den Nebenre ißwe rken zugeführt wird, sodaß das mittlere Hauptreißwerk hauptsächlich für die Grobzerkleinerung genützt wird bzw. dafür reserviert bleibt. Da weiters jedoch nur ein Teil des Materials zur Nachzerkleinerung wieder den Nebenreißwerken zugeführt wird, weil ein Anteil die Siebböden bereits direkt passiert, können auch die Nebenreißwerke anteilige Grobzerkleinerungsarbeit verrichten. Leistungssteigernd wirkt dabei die erhöhte Drehzahl, die aus dem für die Nachzerkleinerung geringeren Kraftaufwand ermöglicht wird.According to the invention this is now achieved in that, in a manner known per se, the directions of rotation of all further, outwardly connecting comminution rollers on each side correspond to the direction of rotation of the inner comminution roller and on the exit side of each comminution roller a parallel curved sieve plate is assigned. By doubling the shredding rollers, the design according to the invention does not merely double the throughput, but rather increases this (almost tripled), since in addition to the central main shredding unit, which is formed in a known manner by the middle shredding rollers, at least one secondary shredding unit is formed on both sides is. Four shredding rollers result in three shredding units, six shredding rollers, five shredding units, etc. The additional shredding effect of the secondary shredding units is achieved by the higher speed of the outer shredding rollers, which also have a clearing effect. The material crushed by the middle pair, but not passing through the sieve bottom, is brought upwards again on the outside, where it is primarily fed to the secondary plants, so that the middle main shredder is mainly used for coarse shredding or remains reserved for it. However, since only a part of the material for secondary shredding is fed back into the secondary shredding units, because a portion of it already passes through the sieve trays, the secondary shredding units can also perform proportionate coarse shredding work. The increased speed, which is made possible by the less effort required for secondary shredding, increases performance.
In bevorzugter Ausführung ist dabei vorgesehen, daß die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten der Zerkleinerungswalzen mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Mittelebene jeweils etwa verdoppelt sind, und die Zahl der Reißzähne pro Zerkleinerungsscheibe der nach außen anschließenden Zerkleinerungswalzen vorzugsweise dem Vervielfachungsfaktor der Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten entspricht. Beispielsweise bewähren sich Drehzahlen von 18 bis 20 Umdrehungen pro Minute für das mittlere Zerkleinerungswalzenpaar und Drehzahlen von 35 bis 40 Umdrehungen pro Minute für je eine äußere Zerkleinerungswalze, wobei je eine dritte Zerkleinerungswalze mit etwa 60 bis 80 Umdrehungen pro Minute angetrieben werden könnte. Auf Grund der geringen Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der inneren Zerkleinerungswalzen sind nur wenige Reißzähne notwendig. Ist beispielsweise ein Zerkleinerungswalzendurchmesser von ca. 28 cm gegeben, so liegt die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit bei etwa 30 cm pro Sekunde. Hierfür hat es sich als vorteilhaft gezeigt, wenn jede innere Zerkleinerungswalze aus ZerkleinerungsScheiben besteht, die jeweils einen Reißzahn aufweisen. Im vorstehend erwähnten Beispiel besitzt also jede Zerkleinerungsscheibe der nach außen anschließenden ersten Zerkleinerungswalze zwei Reißzähne und jede Zerkleinerungsscheibe einer dritten Zerkleinerungswalze pro Seite vier Reißzähne. Die Durchmesser aller Zerkleinerungswalzen sind bevorzugt gleich groß, und jede Zerkleinerungswalze weist beispielsweise zwölf Zerkleinerungsscheiben auf. Vor allem die Zerkleinerungsscheiben der inneren Zerkleinerungswalzen könnten anstelle eines einzigen Zahnes auch einen insbesondere in der Höhe abgestuften Doppelzahn aufweisen, sodaß deren Schneidkanten beispielsweise mit drei bis vier Zentimetern Abstand aufeinander folgen.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the peripheral speeds of the shredding rollers are approximately doubled with increasing distance from the center plane, and the number of fangs per shredding disk of the shredding rollers adjoining the outside preferably corresponds to the multiplication factor of the peripheral speeds. For example, speeds of 18 to 20 revolutions per minute have proven themselves for the middle shredding roller pair and speeds of 35 to 40 revolutions per minute for each an outer comminution roller, wherein a third comminution roller could be driven at about 60 to 80 revolutions per minute. Due to the low peripheral speed of the inner shredding rollers, only a few fangs are necessary. If, for example, a shredding roller diameter of approximately 28 cm is given, the peripheral speed is approximately 30 cm per second. For this purpose, it has proven to be advantageous if each inner comminution roller consists of comminution disks, each of which has a fang. In the example mentioned above, each comminution disc of the first comminution roller adjoining the outside has two fangs and each comminution disc of a third comminution roller has four fangs on each side. The diameters of all comminution rollers are preferably of the same size, and each comminution roller has, for example, twelve comminution disks. In particular, the shredding disks of the inner shredding rollers could also have a double tooth, in particular stepped in height, instead of a single tooth, so that their cutting edges follow one another, for example, at a distance of three to four centimeters.
Üblicherweise ist der Antrieb der Zerkleinerungswalzen umkehrbar, um eine Überlastung des Motors durch Verklemmungen oder Verkeilungen zu vermeiden, wobei Reißzähne mit Schneidkanten in beide Drehrichtungen nicht nur zur Freigabe verkeilten Materials sondern ebenfalls zur Zerkleinerung führen, da ja jede innere Zerkleinerungswalze nicht nur in die zweite innere, sondern auch in eine äußere Zerkleinerungswalze eingreift. Die Antriebe der Zerkleinerungswalzen sind dabei vorteilhaft einzeln umkehrbar und gegebenenfalls auch in der Geschwindigkeit veränderbar. Vor allem bei der Umkehrung der Drehrichtung wird eine weitere Erhöhung der Zerkleinerungsrate erzielt, wenn das Gehäuse an jederUsually the drive of the shredding rollers is reversible in order to avoid overloading the motor due to jamming or wedging, whereby fangs with cutting edges in both directions of rotation not only lead to the release of wedged material but also to shredding, since each inner shredding roller does not only lead to the second inner one , but also engages in an outer shredding roller. The drives of the shredding rollers are advantageously individually reversible and, if necessary, the speed can also be changed. Especially when reversing the direction of rotation, a further increase in the shredding rate is achieved if the housing on each
Seite eine mit den Reißzähnen der äußersten Zerkleine rungswalze zusammenwirkende Schneidleiste aufweist.One side with the fangs of the outermost shreds tion roller cooperating cutting bar.
Um einerseits die Hauptmenge des zu zerkleinernden Materials den mittleren Zerkleinerungswalzen zukommen zu lassen und andererseits die Zerkleinerungsrate der Nebenre ißwe rke , die um so ge ringe r wi rd , je höher die äuße ren Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet werden, nicht zu gering werden zu lassen, wird bevorzugt ein günstiger Kompromiß dadurch erzielt, daß bei vier Zerkleinerungswalzen die gemeinsame Axialebene der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen an jeder Seite der Mittelebene in einem Winkel von etwa 20 zur Horizontalen nach außen ansteigt.In order to on the one hand allow the main amount of the material to be shredded to be sent to the middle shredding rollers and on the other hand to keep the shredding rate of the secondary work, which is the smaller the higher the outer shredding rollers are, it is preferred a favorable compromise is achieved in that with four shredding rollers, the common axial plane of the two shredding rollers rises outwards on each side of the central plane at an angle of approximately 20 to the horizontal.
Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung an Hand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher beschrieben, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, without being limited thereto.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine erste Ausführung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und die Fig. 2 einen Teilvertikalschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführung.1 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of a device according to the invention and FIG. 2 shows a partial vertical section through a further embodiment.
Die Vorrichtung weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, das mit einer oberen Einfüllöffnung 2 versehen ist. In den beiden Stirnseiten des Gehäuses 1 sind Antriebswellen symmetrisch zu einer vertikalen Mittelebene 4 gelagert, von denen jede mit einer Zerkleinerungswalze 5, 6 bestückt ist, die sich aus mit Reißzähnen 9 bzw. 10 versehenen Zerkleinerungsscheiben 8 zusammensetzt. Die Zerkleinerungsscheiben 8 sind dabei axial mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet, der der Breite einer Zerkleinerungsscheibe 8 entspricht, wobei sie jeweils um Scheibenbreite axial versetzt sind und ineinandergreifen. Die beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 5 des inneren Paares bilden ein Hauptreißwerk 14 und drehen gegenläufig, sodaß der über die Einfüllöffnung 2 eingefüllte Abfall hauptsächlich zwischen die Zerkleinerungsscheiben 8 der Walzen 5 hindurchgeführt und dabei zerkleinert wird. Unterhalb der inneren Zerkleinerungswalzen 5 ist je ein Gitter oder Sieb boden 13 vorgesehen, das der gewünschten Größe der zerkleinerten Materialteilchen entsprechende Öffnungen aufweist. Da die Zerkleinerung des Abfalls je nach Art des Materials und der Öffnungsweite des Siebbodens 13 zuerst zu einer größeren Menge von Materialteilchen führt, die nicht durch die Sieböffnungen durchfallen, insbesondere bei der Zerkleinerung von Kartonschachteln, Kunststoffabfallen usw., und da vor allem derartiges Material sich auch zwischen den Zerkleinerungsscheiben 8 verkeilen oder verklemmen kann, ist symmetrisch zur vertikalen Mittelebene 4 in einer Ausbuchtung des Gehäuses 1 je eine äußere Zerkleinerungswalze 6 angeordnet. Diese übernehmen das die Siebböden 13 nicht passierende Material und führen es wieder zur Seite der Einfüllöffnung 2 hoch. Jede der äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen 6, die im wesentlichen gleich wie die innere Zerkleinerungswalze 5 ausgebildet ist, bildet mit dieser ein Nebenreißwerk 15, das hauptsächlich der Nachzerkleinerung des hochgeförderten Materials dient, wobei die unmittelbare Verarbeitung von unzerkleinertemThe device has a housing 1 which is provided with an upper filling opening 2. In the two end faces of the housing 1, drive shafts are mounted symmetrically to a vertical center plane 4, each of which is equipped with a shredding roller 5, 6, which is composed of shredding disks 8 provided with fangs 9 and 10, respectively. The shredding disks 8 are arranged axially at a distance from one another which corresponds to the width of a shredding disk 8, wherein they are each offset axially by the disk width and mesh with one another. The two shredding rollers 5 of the inner pair form a main tearing mechanism 14 and rotate in opposite directions, so that the waste filled in via the filling opening 2 is mainly passed between the shredding disks 8 of the rollers 5 and thereby shredded. Below the inner shredding rollers 5 is a grid or screen Floor 13 provided that has the desired size of the crushed material particles corresponding openings. Since the shredding of the waste, depending on the type of material and the opening width of the sieve plate 13, initially leads to a larger amount of material particles which do not fall through the sieve openings, in particular when shredding cardboard boxes, plastic waste, etc., and above all such material can also wedge or jam between the shredding disks 8, an outer shredding roller 6 is arranged symmetrically to the vertical center plane 4 in a bulge of the housing 1. These take over the material that does not pass through the sieve trays 13 and guide it up again to the side of the filling opening 2. Each of the outer comminution rollers 6, which is essentially the same as the inner comminution roller 5, forms with it a secondary shredder 15, which is used primarily for the secondary comminution of the material being conveyed, the immediate processing of uncompromised material
Material aus der Einfüllöffnung 2 durch die teilabgedeckte Anordnung in der Ausbuchtung der Seitenwand des Gehäuses 1 beschränkt ist. Das nachzerkleinerte Material wird wieder nach unten geführt und fällt bei entsprechender Größe durch die Siebböden 13, wobei noch nicht ausreichend zerkleinerte Teilchen ein zweites Mal hochgefördert und dem Nebenreißwerk 15 zugeführt wird. Die Nebenreißwerke 15 halten dadurch im wesentlichen das Hauptreißwerk 14 von Nachzerkleinerungsarbeit frei, das somit zu einer wesentlich erhöhten Zerkleinerungsrate befähigt ist.Material from the filling opening 2 is limited by the partially covered arrangement in the bulge of the side wall of the housing 1. The post-shredded material is again guided downwards and falls through the sieve trays 13 with the appropriate size, whereby not yet comminuted particles are conveyed up a second time and fed to the secondary shredder 15. The secondary shredders 15 thereby essentially keep the main shredder 14 free from secondary shredding work, which is thus capable of a significantly increased shredding rate.
Die äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen 6 sind dabei auch in der Lage, sich in den inneren Zerkleinerungswalzen 5 verklemmendes Material zu lösen.The outer comminution rollers 6 are also able to loosen material jammed in the inner comminution rollers 5.
Jeder der beiden in den Zeichnungen gezeigten äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen 6 könnte eine weitere außen anschließende Zerkleinerungswalze zugeordnet sein, wodurch zwei weitere Nebenreiflwerke entstehen.Each of the two outer crushing rollers 6 shown in the drawings could have a further outside subsequent shredding roller can be assigned, which creates two additional secondary ripening plants.
Die inneren Zerkleinerungswerke 6 weisen eine geringe Umfangsgeschwindigkeit auf, die vorzugsweise bei etwa 30 cm/sec liegt. Die geringe Umfangsgeschwindigkeit ermöglicht die Einbringung hoher Reißkräfte mit Hilfe massiver Reißzähne 9,10. Da diese an der Zerkleinerungswalze 5 umfangsversetzt, etwa schraubenlinienartig oder auch zufällig verteilt angeordnet sind, genügt pro Zerkleinerungsscheibe 8 ein Reißzahn 9,10, der gegebenenfalls auch durch einen in der Höhe abgestuften Doppelzahn gebildet sein kann. In der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 weist jeder Reißzahn 9 einseitig Schneidkanten 11 auf, sodaß seine Reißwirkung nur in der durch Pfeile gezeigten Normaldrehrichtung erfolgt. Die äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen 6, die für die Nachzerkleinerung in den beiden Nebenreißwerken 15 geringere Kräfte aufbringen müssen, werden mit höheren, vorzugsweise etwa doppelten Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten angetrieben. Die geringere Kraftbeanspruchung erlaubt eine Erhöhung der Zahl der Reißzähne 9,10, die vorzugsweise etwa proportional der vergrößerten Umfangsgeschwindigkeit ist, im Ausführungsbeispiel sind daher zwei Reißzähne 9,10 pro äußere Zerkleinerungsscheibe 6 vorgesehen. Die höhere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und die vergrößerte Reißzahnzahl erbringen im Nebenreißwerk 15 auch dann eine Reißwirkung, wenn bei einer eventuellen Überbelastung des Hauptreißwerkes 14 die Drehrichtung der inneren Zerkleinerungswalzen 5 für die Befreiung eingekeilten Materials umgekehrt wird. Diese kontinuierliche Reißwirkung ergibt sich aber auch bei einer denkbaren Verkeilung von Material in den Nebenreißwerken 15, da an der Seitenwand des Gehäuses 1 eine Schneidleiste 12 vorgesehen ist, die mit den Reißzähnen 9 der äußeren Zerkleinerungswalze 6 zusammenwirkt. Unabhängig von der Richtung findet somit ständig eine Zerkleinerung statt, wodurch sich die erhöhte Leistung der Einrichtung ergibt. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Zerkleinerungsleistung ermöglicht die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Ausführung, die ansonsten gleich ausgebildet, nur geänderte Reißzähne 10 an allen Zerkleinerungswalzen 5,6 zeigt. Die Reißzähne 10 sind dort beidseitig wirksam und mit Schneidkanten 11 versehen, sodaß auch bei Umkehrung der Drehrichtung jeder Zerkleinerungswalze 5,6 in jedem Fall Zerkleinerungsarbeit in jedem der drei Reißwerke 14,15 geleistet wird. In dieser Ausführung kann eine Umkehrung der Drehrichtung einer oder aller Zerkleinerungswalzen 5,6 nicht nur bei einer eventuellen Verkeilung von Material, sondern des öfteren zum besseren Angriff am Material auch über mehr als eine Umdrehung erfolgen.The inner shredding units 6 have a low peripheral speed, which is preferably around 30 cm / sec. The low peripheral speed enables the introduction of high tearing forces with the help of massive fangs 9, 10. Since these are circumferentially offset on the shredding roller 5, for example arranged in a helical manner or also randomly distributed, one serrated tooth 9, 10 can suffice for each shredding disk 8, which can optionally also be formed by a double tooth stepped in height. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, each ripper tooth 9 has cutting edges 11 on one side, so that its ripping action occurs only in the normal direction of rotation shown by arrows. The outer comminution rollers 6, which have to exert lower forces for the secondary comminution in the two secondary shredding units 15, are driven at higher, preferably approximately twice the peripheral speeds. The lower force load allows an increase in the number of fangs 9, 10, which is preferably approximately proportional to the increased peripheral speed. In the exemplary embodiment, therefore, two fangs 9, 10 are provided per outer comminution disk 6. The higher peripheral speed and the increased number of fang teeth produce a tearing effect in the secondary tearing unit 15 even if the direction of rotation of the inner comminution rollers 5 is reversed for the release of wedged material in the event of a possible overloading of the main tearing unit 14. This continuous tearing effect also results from a possible wedging of material in the secondary tear units 15, since a cutting bar 12 is provided on the side wall of the housing 1, which interacts with the tearing teeth 9 of the outer comminution roller 6. Regardless of the direction, shredding takes place constantly, which results in the increased performance of the device. A The embodiment shown in FIG. 2, which is otherwise of the same design, only shows modified fangs 10 on all comminution rollers 5, 6, which further increases the comminution performance. The fangs 10 are effective there on both sides and are provided with cutting edges 11, so that commutation work is carried out in each of the three tearing mechanisms 14, 15 in any case even when the direction of rotation of each comminution roller 5,6 is reversed. In this embodiment, the direction of rotation of one or all of the comminution rollers 5, 6 can be reversed not only in the event of material becoming jammed, but more often over more than one revolution for better attack on the material.
Die vier Zerkleinerungswalzen 5,6 sind einfüllöffnungsseitig in einer konkaven Anordnung vorgesehen, d.h. die äußeren Zerkleinerungswalzen 6 liegen etwas höher. Eine Axialebene durch eine äußere und innere Zerkleinerungswalze 6,5 kann im gezeigten Winkel α von vorzugsweise 20 zur Horizontalen ansteigen. The four comminution rollers 5, 6 are provided in a concave arrangement on the filling opening side, i.e. the outer crushing rollers 6 are slightly higher. An axial plane through an outer and inner comminution roller 6, 5 can rise in the shown angle α of preferably 20 to the horizontal.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e : Patent claims:
1. Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Abfall mit einem eine Einfüllöffnung aufweisenden Gehäuse, in dem symmetrisch zu einer vertikalen Mittelebene zumindest vier horizontal liegende ineinandergreifende Zerkleinerungswalzen angeordnet sind, die jeweils aus mehreren mit axialem Abstand zueinander auf einer Antriebswelle angeordneten Zerkleinerungsscheiben bestehen und am Umfang versetzte Reißzähne aufweisen, die vorzugsweise in beide Drehrichtungen Schneidkanten aufweisen, wobei das innere Paar der Zerkleinerungswalzen gegenläufige Drehrichtungen aufweist, und die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten sich mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Mittelebene erhöhen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in an sich bekannter Weise die Drehrichtungen aller weiteren, nach außen anschließenden Zerkleinerungswalzen (6) an jeder Seite jeweils der Drehrichtung der inneren Zerkleinerungswalze (5) entsprechen und austrittsseitig jeder Zerkleinerungswalze (5,6) ein parallel gekrümmter Siebboden (13) zugeordnet ist.1.Device for shredding waste with a housing having a filling opening, in which at least four horizontally intermeshing shredding rollers are arranged symmetrically to a vertical center plane, each consisting of a plurality of shredding disks arranged at an axial distance from one another on a drive shaft and having offset fangs on the circumference , which preferably have cutting edges in both directions of rotation, the inner pair of comminution rollers having opposite directions of rotation, and the peripheral speeds increase with increasing distance from the center plane, characterized in that, in a manner known per se, the directions of rotation of all further comminution rollers connected to the outside ( 6) correspond on each side to the direction of rotation of the inner comminution roller (5) and on the exit side of each comminution roller (5, 6) a parallel curved sieve plate (13) is assigned.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten der Zerkleinerungswalzen (5, 6) mit zunehmender Entfernung von der Mittelebene jeweils etwa verdoppelt sind, und die Zahl der Reißzähne (9) pro Zerkleinerungsscheibe (8) der nach außen anschließenden Zerkleinerungswalzen (6) vorzugsweise dem Vervielfachungsfaktor der Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten entspricht.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral speeds of the comminution rollers (5, 6) are approximately doubled with increasing distance from the central plane, and the number of fangs (9) per comminution disc (8) of the comminution rollers adjoining the outside ( 6) preferably corresponds to the multiplication factor of the peripheral speeds.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei vier Zerkleinerungswalzen (5, 6, 6, 5) die gemeinsame Axialebene der beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen (5, 6) an jeder Seite der Mittelebene (4) in einem Winkel von etwa 20º zur Horizontalen nach außen ansteigt.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that with four comminution rollers (5, 6, 6, 5) the common axial plane of the two comminution rollers (5, 6) on each side of the central plane (4) at an angle of about 20 ° to the horizontal to the outside increases.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (1) an jeder Seite eine mit den Reißzähnen (9, 10) der äußersten Zerkleinerungswalze (6) zusammenwirkende Schneidleiste (12) aufweist. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (1) has on each side one with the fangs (9, 10) of the outermost comminution roller (6) cooperating cutting bar (12).
EP87905161A 1986-08-19 1987-08-12 Waste comminuting device Expired - Lifetime EP0319535B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2220/86 1986-08-19
AT222086A AT390212B (en) 1986-08-19 1986-08-19 DEVICE FOR CRUSHING WASTE

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EP0319535A1 true EP0319535A1 (en) 1989-06-14
EP0319535B1 EP0319535B1 (en) 1990-11-07

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EP87905161A Expired - Lifetime EP0319535B1 (en) 1986-08-19 1987-08-12 Waste comminuting device

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EP (1) EP0319535B1 (en)
AT (1) AT390212B (en)
DE (1) DE8718067U1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988001201A1 (en)

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EP0623055A1 (en) * 1992-01-29 1994-11-09 UNTERWURZACHER PATENTVERWERTUNGSGESELLSCHAFT mbH Crusher
IT1269525B (en) * 1994-03-10 1997-04-08 Satrind Srl CRUSHER WITH ROTARY ROLLERS EQUIPPED WITH NON-ARC PERFORATED SHEETS COAXIAL WITH THE ROLLERS
AUPP220498A0 (en) * 1998-03-05 1998-04-02 Forress Pty Ltd Screening apparatus
AUPR955101A0 (en) * 2001-12-11 2002-01-24 Medivac Technology Pty Limited Improved compact waste treatment apparatus
WO2005072877A1 (en) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-11 Mmd Design & Consultancy Limited Rotating mineral breaker
CA2476194C (en) 2004-07-30 2010-06-22 Suncor Energy Inc. Sizing roller screen ore processing apparatus
DE102006005017B3 (en) * 2006-02-03 2007-10-18 ThyssenKrupp Fördertechnik GmbH More roll crusher
CN102513195A (en) * 2011-12-29 2012-06-27 一重集团大连设计研究院有限公司 Domestic garbage bag breaker
CN112774813B (en) * 2020-12-04 2023-02-10 合肥工业大学智能制造技术研究院 Special phenolic plastic crushing equipment and crushing method based on mechanochemical method

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WO1988001201A1 (en) 1988-02-25
ATA222086A (en) 1989-09-15
EP0319535B1 (en) 1990-11-07
AT390212B (en) 1990-04-10
DE8718067U1 (en) 1993-07-08

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