EP0317605A1 - Dispositif pour guider un outil de forage ou un train de tiges - Google Patents

Dispositif pour guider un outil de forage ou un train de tiges

Info

Publication number
EP0317605A1
EP0317605A1 EP88904928A EP88904928A EP0317605A1 EP 0317605 A1 EP0317605 A1 EP 0317605A1 EP 88904928 A EP88904928 A EP 88904928A EP 88904928 A EP88904928 A EP 88904928A EP 0317605 A1 EP0317605 A1 EP 0317605A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outer tube
guide
guide strips
inner tube
drilling tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88904928A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Trevellyn Moeller Coltman
Alfred Eric Walter Fletcher
Bernhard Prevedel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Preussag AG
Original Assignee
Preussag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Preussag AG filed Critical Preussag AG
Publication of EP0317605A1 publication Critical patent/EP0317605A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for guiding a drilling tool and / or a drill rod for producing bores, consisting of an inner tube which can be connected to the drilling tool or the drill rod and an outer tube which is rotatably mounted thereon and provided with guide strips.
  • Devices of this type have the task of stabilizing the drilling tool or the drill string in the borehole and counteracting a deviation of the drilling head from the predefined drilling direction. The undesirable deviations occur during deep drilling, in particular in transition zones between harder and softer layers, in particular if the drilling strikes these layers at an acute angle.
  • target boring bars so-called target boring bars or stabilizers.
  • These are drill pipes with attached guide strips, which correspond to the bore diameter in the outer diameter and follow the advancing drilling tool to guide it concentrically.
  • Such devices are available in various designs, for. B. in rigid Ausry ⁇ tion, the guide strips are rigidly connected to the drill pipe and rotate in the borehole or those of the type mentioned, where the guide rails are arranged on a separate outer tube in which the actual drill pipe is rotatably mounted.
  • vertical bores with target bores with built-in automatic vertical control using the gravitational force and using the pressure of the flushing liquid or the rotation of the drill pipe to generate a control pressure.
  • the known rigid guide devices have the disadvantage that they only insufficiently counteract the deviation of the drilling tool from the drilling direction.
  • One reason for this can be seen in the fact that the diameter of the drilling tool must always be dimensioned somewhat larger than the diameter of the guide device in order to avoid the guide device becoming stuck in the borehole. This is particularly important because the diameter of the borehole can decrease if the drill bit wears out.
  • the knownskysvoriquese ⁇ are therefore drilling not always * firmly to the Bohrlochwa ⁇ d, so that the Bohr ⁇ tool has the ability to dodge.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a guide device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables precise guidance of the drilling tool and the drill string in the bore and in which the risk of jamming in the borehole is avoided.
  • this object is achieved in that the guide strips are arranged so as to be radially movable in slot-like recesses in the outer tube of the device and in that means which can be changed in position or shape are provided between the bottom of the recesses and the underside of the guide strips which the guide strips can be pressed against the bore wall.
  • the guide strips therefore remain in constant contact with the bore wall and in this way ensure sufficient stabilization of the drilling tool and thus also precise compliance with the predefined drilling direction.
  • the means for pressing the guide strips against the wall of the bore preferably consist of prestressed compression springs which are arranged between the underside of the guide strips and the bottom of the recess in the outer tube.
  • compression springs Tellerfeder ⁇ coil springs or leaf springs can be seen '.
  • the guide strips are held in the recesses by screws which engage in threaded bores in the outer tube and whose heads are recessed in stepped bores in the guide strips. With the aid of the screws, the largest possible outer diameter up to which the outer sides of the guide strips can extend can be limited, the compression springs in this position of the guide strips already having a certain pretensioning force.
  • the screws preferably penetrate into the stepped bores, against which the heads of the screws can be tightened. In this way, the screws can be secured against automatic loosening. Furthermore, the maximum outer diameter taken up by the guide strips can be precisely defined by the length of the spacer sleeves.
  • blind holes are preferably arranged on the underside of the guide strips, into which the compression springs engage.
  • the rotatable mounting between the inner tube and the outer tube can consist of two sliding bearings with radially and axially effective sliding surfaces.
  • Such a bearing is characterized by a low radial height and is insensitive to high temperatures.
  • the rotatable bearing between the inner tube and the outer tube can also consist of two tapered roller bearings which are supported on the axial shoulders of the outer tube and are held on the inner tube with locking nuts.
  • the tapered roller bearings allow high radial forces to be absorbed with a small radial installation space and sufficient resilience in the axial direction.
  • the bearing play can be set precisely and manufacturing tolerances can be compensated.
  • the ends of the outer tube are preferably sealed off from the inner tube by means of mechanical seals. A particularly suitable lubricant can therefore be used to lubricate the bearing, which is poured into the annular space between the outer tube and inner tube, which is separated from the mechanical seals.
  • the annular space filled with a lubricant is connected to a pressure compensation device which is exposed to the pressure in the deep bore.
  • the pressure equalization thus achieved between the annular space and its surroundings relieves the mechanical seals, thereby increasing their service life.
  • the pressure compensation device can consist of at least one flexible wall, for example a bellows or a membrane, which is arranged on the wall of the outer tube.
  • the compensating device can also consist of a piston that is axially displaceable and sealed in a longitudinal bore in the inner tube.
  • this is achieved in that the underside of a guide bar or the bottom of a recess is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the device and that a wedge with a correspondingly inclined surface is provided between the guide bar and the bottom of the recess, which is adjusted in the longitudinal direction by an adjusting device is movable.
  • the guide bar can be adjusted in the radial direction to such an extent that the device and the drilling tool connected to the device can be displaced from the center of the borehole in order to correct the drilling direction.
  • the device preferably has
  • the adjusting device preferably has a spindle-nut gear, to which an electrically driven adjusting motor is coupled. Furthermore, a hydraulic generator driven with the aid of the flushing current is provided to generate the drive energy for the servomotor. According to the invention, the generator is preferably driven by a purging turbine which is arranged in the purging channel running through the inner tube.
  • the inventive adjustment of the guide rails with the aid of wedges and electrically driven actuating devices has the advantage that the actuating forces that can be achieved are largely independent of the flushing pressure and that the executives that can be supported on the guide rails are one Many times the actuating forces that can be generated can be achieved, since the guide strips are supported directly on the outer tube via the wedges. Since the drive energy for moving the actuating devices is generated with the aid of the flushing flow, the device according to the invention can also be used to align the drill bit when the drill string is not rotating.
  • the actuating devices can be controlled from above ground with the aid of telemetric devices.
  • automatic control of the device can also be provided such that a measuring device for detecting the drilling direction and a control device connected to the measuring device are provided in a recess in the wall of the outer tube, which process the measurement results and the adjusting devices for Controls compliance with a predetermined Bohrrichtu ⁇ g.
  • the measuring device can have an inclinometer (inclinometer) and / or a direction meter (gyroscope, magnetometer).
  • the outer tube of the device has at one end a plurality of guide strips acted upon by compression springs and at the other end a plurality of, preferably three, guide strips adjustable by means of wedges.
  • a guide bar acted upon by compression springs is arranged on the opposite side.
  • the ver ⁇ adjustable by means of the wedge guide strip is in 'this embodiment, pressed by the reaction force of supported at the opposite guide strip compression springs.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention for guiding and stabilizing the drill string in the bore
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 2-2 in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a partial section along the line 3-3 in FIG. 1,
  • Figure 5 shows a semi-longitudinal section through another
  • FIG. 6 shows a section along the line 6-6 in FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged illustration of section “A” in FIG. 5
  • FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a device for guiding and controlling a device
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the movement of the guide strips in the event of a correction of the drilling direction in the device according to FIG. 9
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 has a Bohrstrangeleme ⁇ t 10, which is provided at its front end with a threaded sleeve 12 and a rearward shoulder 14.
  • the rear end of the drill string element 10 is provided with an external thread 16.
  • the threaded sleeve 12 is provided for receiving a threaded pin which is located at the rear end of a preceding drill string element.
  • the external thread 16 is screwed to the front end of a drill string element 18, which also forms part of the device according to the invention.
  • the rear end of the element 18 is formed as a threaded pin 20 which can be screwed into a threaded sleeve at the front end of a subsequent further drill string element.
  • the elements 10 and 18 form part of a drill string and serve to transmit torque, rotary movement and feed to a drilling tool which is located at the front end of the most distant drill string element located in a borehole.
  • Rinsing channels 23 and 25 are formed in the elements 10 and 18.
  • a tubular body 26 is rotatably arranged between the shoulder 14 and a shoulder 24 at the front end of the element 18.
  • Tapered roller bearings 28 provide a free rotation between the body 26 and the drill string ele ent 10.
  • the tapered roller bearings 28 are located in Laqer housing 30 at both ends of the body 26, and the Lager ⁇ housing 30 are sealed by means of seals 32.
  • the bearing housing 30 at the front end of the body 26 is provided with nipples 34 for filling lubricating and sealing oil or grease into the bearing housing 30.
  • the body 26 carries a row, in the present case six guide strips 35 of elongated shape, which extend in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, each guide strip is provided with a row of spring housings 36 and a row of cavities 38. In the cavities 38 are the heads of screws 40, the threaded shank of which is screwed into threaded bores in the body 26 and which connect the guide strips 35 to the body 26. Plugs 43 close off the cavities 38 from the outside.
  • An element 42 is fastened to the body 26 within each spring housing 36, which element has a cup-shaped part in which a pin 46 projects, which is carried by an element 48 arranged on the guide bar.
  • Disc springs 44 are arranged within the cup-shaped part and are clamped between the bottom of the element 42 and the pin end of the element 48 and endeavor to press the guide bar 35 radially outward.
  • the screws 40 are adjusted so that the guide device is held in the collar of the borehole by friction.
  • the body 26 and its guide strips 35 are held in the borehole in a rotationally fixed manner, following the axial movement of the drilling tool and the drill string.
  • a plurality of guide devices of the type described above will be arranged at intervals in the drill string in order to stabilize the drill string and to keep the drilling tool on course.
  • the guide device adapts to this, since the plate springs allow the guide strips 35 to move radially inwards. Likewise, as the drilling progresses, the borehole may expand in diameter. This can also be compensated for by the described guide device by expanding the plate springs 44 and moving the guide strips outward.
  • the device described can be easily adapted to different drill bit diameters by using guide strips of different heights.
  • the guide device can therefore also be used in the production of bores drilled with different diameters.
  • FIG. 1 An important feature of the device shown in FIG. 1 is the formation of a channel 50 which extends from the bearing housing 30 to the rear end of the element 18, where a breathing plug 52 is located.
  • a floating piston 54 is arranged in the channel 50.
  • the channel 50 and the piston 54 form a device for compensating for the pressures loading the bearing housing 30.
  • the pressure within the bearing housing 30 can be the ambient pressure be adjusted.
  • the bearing housing and especially the seals are therefore not exposed to any significant differential pressures even when drilling at great depth.
  • the guide device 50 has a hollow drill string element 51, which is provided at both ends with a threaded pin 52, onto which a drill string pin connector 53 is screwed on the one hand, and a drill string sleeve connector 54 is screwed on the other hand.
  • the Bohrstra ⁇ gelement 51 Bohr ⁇ strand-pin connector 53 and the drill string Muffenver ⁇ binder 54 between two drill pipes of a Bohr ⁇ are strand used to form 'in this way a portion of a drill string with a torque and a feed rate * and rotational movement to a drill bit is transferable.
  • a tubular body 55 is rotatably arranged on the drill string element 51 between the shoulders of the drill string pin connector 53 and the drill string sleeve connector 54 facing each other.
  • a smooth-running rotary movement is brought about by tapered roller bearings 56, which are located in bearing housings 57 at both ends of the body 55 and rest in the axial direction on shoulders 58 of the body 55 which face away from one another.
  • the tapered roller bearings 56 are fixed in the axial direction on the drill string element 51 with the aid of locking nuts 59 and locking rings 60.
  • the locking nuts 59 are screwed onto an external thread of the element 51.
  • sealing elements 61 are provided which enable a rotational movement and engage in annular grooves in the shoulders of the pin connector 53 and the sleeve connector 54.
  • the housings 62 of the sealing elements 61 are sealed off from the body 55 with 0-rings 63.
  • the body 55 carries on its outside six guide strips 65 of elongated shape, which extend in the longitudinal direction and engage in recesses 64 in the wall of the body 55.
  • the guide strips 65 are provided with continuous stepped bores 66, into which shoulder sleeves 67 are inserted, through which screws 68 pass, which are screwed into threaded bores in the bottom of the recesses 64.
  • the length of the shoulder sleeves 67 is dimensioned such that the guide rails 65 can move radially in the recesses 64 by a predetermined amount.
  • the guide strips 65 are prevented from coming out of the recesses 64 by the " shoulders of the shoulder sleeves 67 engaging in the larger section of the stepped bores 66.
  • the guide strips 65 furthermore have spring chambers 69 which, through the bottom of the recess 64, have sack pockets opposite.
  • Preloaded helical compression springs 70 are arranged in the spring chambers and the stepped bores 66 are closed to the outside by plugs 75.
  • FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of a pressure compensation device 71 in the wall of the body 55, which consists of a bellows 72 and a holder 73, which are inserted into a bore in the body 55.
  • the compensation device is through a connecting bore 74 71 connected via the annular space between the Bohrstrangele ⁇ element 51 and the body 55 with the interior of the Lagerge ⁇ housing 57 and thus ensures a balance between the lubricant pressure and the ambient pressure.
  • FIGS. 5-7 is used in the same advantageous manner as the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-4.
  • the required radial mobility of the Guide strips 65 can be varied by the choice of the length of the shoulder sleeves 67.
  • guide strips of different heights can also be used in this device.
  • a drill bit is designated 110.
  • the drill bit 110 has on its rear side a threaded pin 112 which is screwed into a threaded socket 114 at the front end of a round, cylindrical boring bar 116 which has an axial flushing channel 117.
  • the rear end of the boring bar 11.6 is provided with an external thread 18 and is screwed into a corresponding internal thread 20 in a body 22 which has at its rear end a threaded pin 24 for connecting a threaded sleeve to the front end of a subsequent, not shown Has drill string.
  • body 128 Arranged between a shoulder 126 of the drill rod 116 and the front end of the body 122 is another body 128 of round tubular shape which is rotatably located on the central portion of the drill rod 116. Sealing arrangements 130 are provided between the boring bar 116 and the body 128 in order to avoid a liquid passage between the two.
  • the body 128 is supported with tapered roller bearings 132 on the boring bar 116, which absorb radial and axial loads as are required to control the drill bit.
  • tapered roller bearings 132 instead of the tapered roller bearings 132, other suitable bearing arrangements, for example also slide bearings, can also be provided.
  • Body 122 and drill rod 116 transmit the rotational motion and torque required to drive drill bit 110.
  • the body 128 has three equidistant pockets 134, in which guide strips 136 are arranged. In Figure 8, only a pocket and a guide bar can be seen.
  • the guide strips 136 are movably held on the body 128 with the aid of screws 138 in a manner similar to that of the previously described exemplary embodiments and are pressed radially outward by prestressed springs 140. As the drill string, including body 122 and drill rod 116, rotates, body 128 stops, with guide bars 116 in contact with the wall of drilled hole 144.
  • the body 128 has a further three equidistant pockets 146, only one of which can be seen in FIG.
  • Each of the 5 pockets 146 contains a control bar 148 with an underside 150 inclined to the longitudinal axis.
  • a wedge 152 is arranged in the pocket, the inclined surface 154 of which forms the bearing for the underside 150 of the control bar 148.
  • the rear end of the wedge 152 0 is connected to a threaded rod 156 which is passed through an internally threaded collar 158 which is embedded in the wall of the body 128.
  • the threaded rod 156 is also connected to the output shaft of a reversible motor-gear unit 160, which is arranged in a recess 162 in the body 128.
  • the motor is an electric motor which receives its drive energy from a turbine generator unit 164, the rotor of which lies in the flushing duct 117.
  • the transmission of the electrical energy from the turbine generator unit 164 0 takes place with the aid of rigid conductors and a sliding ring arrangement 165 from the rotating boring bar 116 to the non-rotating body 128. If the motor-transmission arrangement 160 is driven, the Wedge 152 moves in the axial direction, as a result of which the radial position of control bar 148 5 relative to body 128 changes. It goes without saying for each of the three control strips, an arrangement of motor, gearbox, wedge and threaded rod is provided in the manner described above.
  • the wall of the body 128 contains a further recess 166 in which a gyroscope 168 is received.
  • the signals from the gyroscope 168 are passed to a control unit 170, which is also located in the recess 166.
  • the gyroscope also receives its drive energy from the turbine generator unit 164 and is designed to detect deviations of the drill bit 110 from the desired course.
  • the Sig 'dimensional gyroscope 168 are processed in the control unit 170, which emits a suitable drive signal to one or more of the motor-gear ei ⁇ heite ⁇ 160th
  • each 'of the control motors receives a suitable ' drive signal.
  • FIG. 9 shows a situation in which the bore 144 has deviated from the vertical in the direction of the arrow 172, for example.
  • the control unit processes the signals of the gyroscope and sends actuating signals to the actuators assigned to the control strips 148 A and 148 B so that they perform a rotation in the reverse direction.
  • the wedges are withdrawn by a certain amount, as determined by the control unit, in order to allow the control strips 148 A and 148 B to move radially inwards.
  • control unit sends an actuating signal to the servomotor assigned to the control bar 148 C to perform an actuating movement in the forward direction, as a result of which the wedge is pushed deeper into the corresponding pocket 146 and the control bar 148 C is pressed radially outward becomes.
  • drilling a vertical hole was desired.
  • this is also possible with the device according to the invention, wherein other devices measuring and monitoring the drilling direction can be used instead of the gyroscope in order to detect a deviation of the drilling from the predefined drilling direction.
  • FIG. 8 Another feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 consists in the arrangement of a thin channel 74 which is guided from the housing in which the bearings 132 and the sealing arrangements 130 are located to the rear end of the threaded pin 124, where it is connected the area surrounding the threaded pin.
  • a floating piston 178 is located in this channel. Movement of the floating piston 178 compensates for pressure differences between the ambient pressure and the pressure in the bearing chamber 129.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Un tube extérieur (26) pourvu de paliers à rouleaux (28) est monté rotatif sur un tube intérieur (10) raccordable à un outil de forage ou à un train de tiges. Le tube extérieur (26) comporte, sur sa face externe, plusieurs évidements en forme de canal, s'étendant dans le sens longitudinal, et dans lesquels sont disposées radialement mobiles des barres de guidage. Dans des évidements ménagés dans les barres de guidage (35) sont disposés des logements de ressort (36) abritant des rondelles-ressorts qui s'appuient sur le tube extérieur (26) et s'efforcent de pousser radialement vers l'extérieur les barres de guidage (35). Ces dernières permettent de maintenir le tube extérieur (26) solidaire en rotation et déplaçable longitudinalement dans le trou de forage et de créer un guidage pour le tube intérieur (10) monté dans le tube extérieur (26) et pour l'outil de forage ou le train de tiges fixé au tube intérieur (10).
EP88904928A 1987-06-16 1988-06-14 Dispositif pour guider un outil de forage ou un train de tiges Withdrawn EP0317605A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA874319 1987-06-16
ZA874318 1987-06-16
ZA874318 1987-06-16
ZA874319 1987-06-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0317605A1 true EP0317605A1 (fr) 1989-05-31

Family

ID=27138223

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88904928A Withdrawn EP0317605A1 (fr) 1987-06-16 1988-06-14 Dispositif pour guider un outil de forage ou un train de tiges

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4947944A (fr)
EP (1) EP0317605A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3890497D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988010355A1 (fr)

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DE3890497D2 (en) 1989-06-15
US4947944A (en) 1990-08-14

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