Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing cold by solid-gas reaction.
• the invention also relates to the device for implementing this method.
• cold production installations almost exclusively involve the compression cycle (compressor - condenser - expansion valve - evaporator).
• the absorption cycle is based on the affinity of one fluid for another.
• Such a cycle includes an evaporator, an absorber, a separator boiler, a condenser and a pressure reducer.
• the generally accepted formula is the ammonia / water solution.
• the advantage of the absorption cycle is that it only requires thermal energy (heat rejection, gas, lean gas, etc.) and that it does not use essential mechanical parts.
• the other known cold production devices are gas expansion (air conditioning of aircraft), ** • the Peltier effect as well as the solid sorption systems which are described below.
• Solid-gas systems involve absorption or reaction phenomena. These are mainly the following systems: - ** • * • - - the water zeolite system (Z water), limited to a temperature above 0 ° C,
• phase of evaporatio synthesis there is simultaneously evaporation of a refrigerant and reaction with the solid of the gas thus formed:
• the fluid FI supplies the heat ⁇ HL to the evaporator E.
• the liquid [G] evaporates and the gas formed will become fixed in the reactor R on the solid ⁇ S> to give the compound ⁇ S, G>.
• the reaction is accompanied, within reactor R, by a release of heat AHR, this being evacuated by the fluid F2.
• the cold source is therefore the evaporator E, the cold being used directly or indirectly from the fluid FI.
• the solid ⁇ S, G> is simultaneously decomposed, with release of the gas (G), in reactor ' R and condensation of (G) in condenser C:
• the heat ⁇ H is supplied to the solid “ S, G> contained in the reactor R by the fluid F3 (or the fluid F2 used previously). Under the effect of heat, the gas (G) is released and will condense at C, the condensation s r accompanying the release of heat ⁇ HL, this being evacuated by the fluid F4.
• the equilibrium line (I) determines two zones in which there is either condensation or evaporation of the compound (G).
• the equilibrium line (J) determines two zones in which there is either synthesis, from ⁇ S> and ⁇ G>, of the compound ⁇ S, G>, or decomposition of the solid ⁇ S, G> with release from (G).
• [G] evaporates at the temperature TE and will react with the solid ⁇ S> which is at the temperature TA.
• This temperature TA is such that the operating point of the solid (point P) is in the synthesis zone.
• This phase is carried out at pressure PB.
• the compound ⁇ S, G> is at a temperature TD such that the operating point of the solid (point Q) is in the decomposition.
• the compound (G) released will condense at temperature TC.
• This phase is carried out at pressure PH such that PH greater than PB.
• the object of the present invention is precisely to achieve this objective.
• the process targeted by the invention makes it possible to produce cold by means of a device comprising a reactor which contains a solid compound capable of reacting with a gas according to an exothermic reaction, this reactor being connected to a condenser, a gas collector and an evaporator which is in heat exchange relation with an enclosure to be cooled, the interior of the reactor being in heat exchange relation with an external heat source.
• this process is characterized in that • the following simultaneous reactions are carried out in the reactor: ⁇ X, mNH 3 > + n (NH 3 ) ' -J> ⁇ X, (m + n) NH 3 > n [NH 3 ] rs * n (NH 3 ) then ⁇ X, (m + n) NH 3 > -XX, mNH 3 >'+ n (NH 3 ) n (NH 3 ) * n [NH 3 ]
• the invention also relates to a device for producing cold at a temperature between - 40 ° C and + 10 ° C in which the method according to the invention is implemented.
• Another object of the invention is to create a device allowing continuous production of cold.
• this device comprises two reactors containing the same solid compound, communication circuits between these reactors, one evaporator, the condenser and the gas collector, and in that means are provided for successively triggering the solid reactions. - gas in the two reactors and to control the openings and closings of the various communication circuits in a predetermined order to obtain a continuous production of cold.
• the aforementioned means are adapted to allow the following successive operating steps:
• the device comprises a third reactor containing said solid compound capable of reacting with the gas and connected with the external heat source, the condenser, the collector and the evaporator, means being provided for triggering successively the solid-gas reactions in the three reactors in such a way that the third reactor can store energy without any energy input other than that necessary for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
• FIG. 3 is the diagram of a device for producing cold with a single reactor
• FIG. 4 is a diagram similar to FIG. 3 showing the first step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 3,
• FIG. 5 shows the second step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 3,
• FIG. 6 shows the third step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 3
• FIG. 7 is the diagram of a device for producing cold with two reactors
• FIG. 8 shows the first step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 7,
• FIG. 9 shows the second step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 7,
• FIG. 10 shows the third step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 7,
• FIG. 11 shows the fourth step of the device according to FIG. 7
• FIG. 12 is the diagram of a device for producing cold with three reactors
• FIG. 13 shows the first step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 12
• FIG. 14 shows the second step in the operation of the device according to FIG. 12
• FIG. 15 shows the third step in the operation of the device according to Figure 12
• - Figure 16 shows the fourth step in the operation of the device according to Figure 12.
• FIG. 3 there is shown a device for producing discontinuous cold from the physicochemical phenomenon reacting manganese chloride and ammonia, as indicated below:
• This device comprises: - a reactor R containing the solid reaction medium ⁇ MnCl 2 , 2NH 3 > which is connected to a condenser C, a collector Co of liquefied gas G included between the latter and an evaporator E.
• This device also comprises a non-return valve Cl on the circuit connecting the reactor R to the condenser C, a non-return valve C2 on the circuit connecting the evaporator E to the reactor R, a thermostatic expansion valve DT on the connecting circuit the reactor R at the evaporator ⁇ , a pressure-controlled valve VPC, an electrovalve EV1 isolating the reactor R from the rest of the circuit, an electrovalve EV2 isolating the evaporator E from the reactor R, two electrovalves EV3 and EV4 for defrosting and a EV5 solenoid valve for distributing a heat transfer fluid F in the EC exchanger contained in reactor E and connected to an external heat source S by means of a pump P.
• a non-return valve Cl on the circuit connecting the reactor R to the condenser C
• a non-return valve C2 on the circuit connecting the evaporator E to the reactor R
• a thermostatic expansion valve DT on the connecting circuit the reactor R at
• FIGS. 4 to 6 The different stages of operation of the device are illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6 and in the table below:
• the reactor R has a maximum cold potential, that is to say that the solid inside is composed of salt ⁇ S> capable of reacting with the gas (G).
• the EV2 solenoid valve opens, the fluid G circulates from the collector Co to the evaporator E. In the latter, it vaporizes, the heat being given up by the fluid F2, for example air which is used to transport the production cold.
• the fluid F2 diffuses the frigories in the enclosure to be cooled. In the example shown, the air is blown into this enclosure by means of a fan Vi.
• the thermostatic expansion valve controls the pressure in the evaporator E and therefore the temperature of the boiling liquid G in the evaporator E.
• the pressure in the evaporator E being higher than the pressure in the reactor R, the valve C2 opens and the gas (G) will react with the solid ⁇ S> in the reactor R, the heat of reaction being removed via an exchanger or circulates F3.
• the fluid F3 is air drawn by a motor fan V3 which dissipates the exothermic heat of reaction towards the outside.
• the valve EV5 opens, the solid ⁇ S, G> present in the reactor R, is heated by the fluid F4 which is for example a thermal oil.
• the valve Cl opens, the valve C2 being closed as soon as the pressure in the reactor R was higher than that prevailing in 1 ' evaporator E.
• the gas coming from reactor R will condense at condenser C, then flow into the collector Co, the heat of condensation being evacuated by the fluid FI, the fluid FI being air as in a traditional installation at compression, blown by means of a V2 fan.
• This step when it occurs in the cycle, corresponds to defrosting. This is done within the evaporator E itself by using it as a condenser.
• the initiation of the defrosting operation must occur at step 2, that is to say during the operation of decomposition of the solid in the reactor R.
• the EV2 valve simultaneously closes and the EV3 valve opens.
• the gas (G) from the decomposition reaction in the reactor R will condense preferentially in one evaporator E and thus ensure defrosting.
• the EV4 valve open, the condensed fluid [G] flows into the manifold Co.
• step 1 we return to step 1, that is to say the production of cold by one evaporator E.
• X being chosen from ZnCl 2 , CuS ⁇ , CuCl, LiBr, LiCl, ZnS ⁇ 4, SrCl 2 , MnCl 2 , FeCl 2 , MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 and NiCl 2 , m and n being numbers such as:
• n LiCl, SrCl 2 m ⁇ l, n ⁇ l.
• the temperature Th of the source S must be greater than a value such that:
• the cold production devices which will now be described also make it possible to produce cold. continuously, which makes them particularly suitable for industrial needs, especially in transport vehicles.
• the device shown in FIG. 7 mainly comprises:
• VPC pressure-controlled valve
• the RI and R2 reactors have a maximum potential of cold, that is to say that the solids inside are composed of salt ⁇ S> capable of reacting with the gas (G). All the solenoid valves are closed and the Co manifold is filled with refrigerant.
• the EVl and EV5 solenoid valves open.
• the fluid G circulates from the collector Co to the evaporator E. In the latter it vaporizes, the heat being given up by the fluid F2 which is therefore used to produce cold.
• the fluid F2 being air, it diffuses the frigories in the enclosure to be cooled.
• the thermostatic expansion valve (DT) prevents the fluid G from circulating in the liquid state, beyond the evaporator E.
• the valve VPC controls the level of evaporation pressure and therefore the evaporation temperature.
• the pressure in the evaporator E being greater than the pressure in the reactor RI, the valve C3 opens and the gas (G) will react with the solid ⁇ S> in RI, the heat of reaction being removed by the through an exchanger where F3 flows.
• the fluid F3 is air drawn by a fan V3 which dissipates the exothermic reaction heat to the outside.
• Step 2 ( Figure 9) The synthesis reaction being completed in the reactor RI, the valve EV2 opens.
• the pressure at the evaporator E being higher than the pressure prevailing in the reactor R2, the valve C4 opens and the fluid G evaporates in one evaporator E and will react with the solid ⁇ S> present in the reactor R2.
• the heat of evaporation is supplied to the evaporator E by the fluid F2 and the heat of reaction released in R2 is evacuated by the fluid F3.
• the EV3 valve opens.
• the solid ⁇ S, G> present in the reactor RI is heated by the fluid F4.
• the valve Cl opens, the valve C3 being " closed as soon as the pressure in R was higher than that prevailing at 1 'evaporator E.
• the gas (G) from the reactors RI will condense in the condenser Co, the heat of condensation being evacuated by the fluid Fl, and flows into the collector Co.
• valve EV3 closes and the valve EV4 opens.
• the solid ⁇ S, G> present in R2 is heated by the fluid F4.
• the pressure in R2 rises and successively the valve C4 closes and the valve C2 opens.
• the gas (G) from R2 will condense at E, the heat of condensation etan evacuated by the fluid F1, and flows in the collector Co.
• the fluid F3 circulates in the exchanger E of the reactor.
• This step which can occur during step 2 or 3, concerns the defrosting operation. This is done within one evaporator E itself, using it as a condenser.
• the EV5 valve closes and the EV6 valve opens.
• the gas (G) resulting from the decomposition reaction will condense preferentially in one evaporator E.
• the heat of condensation released ensures the defrosting.
• the EV7 valve open the condensed fluid G flows into the manifold Co.
• Step 5 This step corresponds to returning to the normal cycle after the defrosting operation.
• the EV6 and EV7 valves close and EV5 opens.
• the gas (G) goes from the reactor RI heated by the fluid F4 to the condenser C and the collector Co.
• the gas G evaporates at E and will react with the solid
• This step does not correspond to the normal operating cycle but it allows the machine to restore its full refrigeration potential (step 0).
• the ⁇ V3 and EV4 valves are open.
• the solid ⁇ S, G> present in the reactors RI and R is heated by the fluid F4.
• the gas (G) produced during the decomposition of ⁇ S, G> condenses in C and flows into the collector Co.
• the operation is terminated when there is only solid ⁇ S> in each RI and R2 reactors.
• the valves EV1 to EV5 are then closed, the valves Cl, C2 closing as a result of pressure drop in RI and R2, this being consecutive to the stopping of the heating of the reactors.
• FIG. 12 represents a cold production device making it possible, from a discontinuous physicochemical phenomenon, to ensure a continuous production of cold and a storage of refrigerating energy.
• This device mainly comprises:
• Step 0 initial state
• the reactors RI, R2 and R3 have a maximum cold potential, that is to say that the solids inside consist of the salt ⁇ S> capable of reacting with the gas (G). All solenoid valves are closed and the manifold Co is filled with refrigerant / G /.
• Step 1 start-up (figure 13)
• the EV1 solenoid valve opens. G the fluid flows from the manifold to the Co r evaporator E. In the latter, it s vaporizes, the heat being transferred by the fluid F2 which is used to distribute the cold.
• the thermostatic expansion valve (DT) prevents the fluid £ QJ from flowing, in the liquid state, beyond the evaporator E.
• the pressure in the evaporator is higher than the pressure in RI, the valve C4 opens and the gas G will react with the solid ⁇ S> in the reactor RI, the heat of reaction being removed via an exchanger where F3 circulates.
• the valve EV2 opens.
• the pressure at one evaporator E being greater than the pressure prevailing in the reactor R2
• the valve C5 opens and the fluid f ⁇ J, which evaporates at E, will react with the solid ⁇ S> present in the reactor R2.
• the heat of evaporation is supplied to the evaporator E by the fluid F2 and the heat of reaction released in R2 is evacuated by the fluid F3. Simultaneously with the opening of the valve EV2 occurs the opening of the valve EV4: the solid ⁇ S, G> present in the reactor RI is heated by the fluid F4.
• the valve Cl opens, the valve C4 having closed as soon as the pressure in RI was higher than that prevailing in the evaporator E.
• the gas (G) from RI will condense in the condenser C by the fluid Fl, and flows into the collector Co.
• Step 3 cycle (phase 2) (figure 15)
• the valve EV4 closes and the valve EV5 opens.
• the solid ⁇ S, G> present in R2 is heated by the fluid F4.
• the pressure in R2 increases and, successively, the valve C5 closes and the valve C2 opens.
• the gas (G) from R2 will condense in the condenser C, the heat of condensation being evacuated by the fluid Fl, and flows in the collector Co.
• the fluid F3 circulates in the exchanger in the evaporator E of the RI reactor. As it cools, the pressure drops and successively, the valve Cl closes and the valve C4 opens.
• the fluid (G) evaporated in one evaporator E will react in the reactor RI with the solid ⁇ S>.
• the heat of evaporation is, as before, provided by the fluid F2 which cools and is therefore used for the production of cold.
• Step 4 Operation on storage (figure 16)
• the fluid F4 is not heated and no longer circulates in the reactor R2.
• the circulation of (G), of R2 towards the condenser C, is interrupted by the closing of the valve
• the EV3 solenoid valve is open and the fluid F3 circulates in an exchanger EC3 located in the reactor R3.
• the pressure in one evaporator E being higher than the pressure prevailing in R3, the valve C6 opens and the fluid (G) evaporated in E goes. react with the solid * S> in R3; the heat of reaction is removed by F3 and the cold is conveyed by the fluid F2 cooled in one evaporator E.
• Step 5 resumption of the cycle (phase 2)
• the normal cycle resumes in step 3 (cycle: phase 2).
• the EV3 valve is closed and the EV1 and EV2 valves are reopened.
• the fluid F4 is heated and circulates again in the reactor R2. The operation is then identical to that described in step 3.
• This step corresponds to stopping the cycle and returning the entire system to the initial state.
• the EV1, EV2 and EV3 valves are open.
• the EV4, EV5 and EV6 valves being open, the F4 fluid circulates RI within three reactors. R2 and R3.
• the solids inside these are heated: when the pressure in RI, R2 and R3 is higher than the pressure prevailing at the condenser, the valves Cl, C2 and C3 open and the gas (G), coming from decompositions of ⁇ S, G> will condense in the condenser and flow to the collector _Co,
• VPC temperature control
• the heat source S used to heat the reactors R, RI, R2, R3 can be any heat source of thermal or electrical origin available, provided that it is at the required temperature Th.
• Fluid F4 can be any other fluid coolant than oil.
• fluids F1, F2, F3 can be other than air.
• the method and the device according to the invention can also be applied to the air conditioning of buildings, in particular living quarters.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9351343

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (33)

Family Cites Families (26)

• 1987
  • 1987-05-22 FR FR8707209A patent/FR2615602B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1988
  • 1988-05-20 WO PCT/FR1988/000255 patent/WO1988009465A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1988-05-20 EP EP88904564A patent/EP0317597A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1988-05-20 JP JP63504483A patent/JPH02500384A/ja active Pending
  • 1988-05-20 US US07/315,683 patent/US4944159A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events