EP0313536A1 - A method for improving hit probability of automatic antiaircraft weapons - Google Patents

A method for improving hit probability of automatic antiaircraft weapons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0313536A1
EP0313536A1 EP19880850348 EP88850348A EP0313536A1 EP 0313536 A1 EP0313536 A1 EP 0313536A1 EP 19880850348 EP19880850348 EP 19880850348 EP 88850348 A EP88850348 A EP 88850348A EP 0313536 A1 EP0313536 A1 EP 0313536A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shells
target
pattern
final phase
killing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19880850348
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ulf Melhus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab Bofors AB
Original Assignee
Bofors AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bofors AB filed Critical Bofors AB
Publication of EP0313536A1 publication Critical patent/EP0313536A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F41G5/08—Ground-based tracking-systems for aerial targets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/04—Aiming or laying means for dispersing fire from a battery ; for controlling spread of shots; for coordinating fire from spaced weapons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for improving the hit probability of automatic anti-aircraft weapons, in combating targets taking evasive action, by final phase controlled ammunition discharged in optimum hit patterns in respect of the target type.
  • this method has been tested on today's multi-barrelled gatling guns which are provided with a plurality of barrels rotating about a shaft disposed in the direction of fire of the gun and in which the individual barrels are fired in mutual sequence according as they reach a determined firing position, while the remaining portion of the travel about the central axis is used for ejecting empty cartridges and reloading the different barrels.
  • these gatling guns the desired spread has been realized in that certain barrels are obliquely inclined somewhat in relation to the axis of the gun. In gatling guns, this procedure generally gives a satisfactory result, but at the cost of extremely high ammunition expenditure which is a distinguishing feature of this type of weapon.
  • both the latter method according to which the different barrels shoot around the aiming point according to a certain firing plan, and the previously mentioned method in which the gun moves in accordance with a predetermined program during fire, give kill patterns which are exclusively dependent on angle in which the spread between the different shots will be wholly dependent upon the range to the target.
  • using these methods it is only possible to achieve the optimum kill pattern at a single standard range.
  • Swedish patent application No. 8404403-1 discloses a further method of improving hit probability in machine-aimed automatic anti-aircraft guns. According to this method, it is necessary that the gun be provided with a modern, rapidly operating and preferably computer-­ controlled aiming system of high capacity which is interconnected with a reliable range finder, the method also requiring access to proximity fuse-activated bursting shells.
  • the method according to this application is based on the fact that the aiming system of the gun is utilized for realigning the gun between each round so that all rounds included in one and the same salvo at a calculated target range together form a predetermined kill pattern in which, on establishment of the kill pattern, attention had been paid to the varying sensitivity of the proximity fuses to different altitudes which, in turn, entails that the shells are more bunched in pattern closer to the surface of the earth than at higher altitudes.
  • the kill pattern is, hence, selected on the basis of an executed target identification and with reference to the altitude of the target.
  • the number of shells per salvo may either be determined once for all or be adapted to the executed target identification and thus selected killing pattern.
  • the regions of activation of the proximity fuses for adjacent shells in the salvo must partly overlap one another so that the killing pattern will be completely dense, at the same time as the areas of activation of the proximity fuses should not approach ground level so closely that the target cannot possibly be so low.
  • the killing pattern may, in conjunction with target identification, be adapted such that more rounds are placed closer to the calculated position of the target when the target is large and hard and, therefore, easier to range find than when the target is small and difficult to range find and possibly also approaches so close to ground level that the sensitivity area of the proximity fuses will be clearly restricted and, as a result, more shells are required beside one another to form a killing pattern of sufficient lateral blanketing.
  • Final phase control or final phase correction of projectiles may be effected in different manners, but arguably the most economical method is the so-called gas impulse method in which the direction of the projectile is modified in that one or more gas impulse rocket motors act at right angles to the trajectory of the projectile. According to Newton's Third Law, there will be obtained by such means a change in direction of the projectile.
  • the invention is not restricted to that type of final phase control, any type of final phase control being employable.
  • a plurality of different types of final phase corrected shells are previously known in the art or are still in the planning stage.
  • the shell should not contain its own target seeker but only a conventional proximity fuse for triggering the bursting charge of the shell, suitable means for final phase correction of the shell and a receiver which receives an order from the fire control instrument of the AA gun in question to activate the final phase control in one or the other direction.
  • the fundamental principle of the present invention is, fully in accordance with the previously-discussed Swedish patent application No. 8404403-1, to form, by redirection round-for-round, a killing pattern, predetermined in view of target identification, target trajectory type and altitude, of shells about that point which the target is calculated to have reached when the shells reach the target area.
  • the killing pattern will, by final phase control of the shells during the final portion of their trajectory towards the target, be corrected in accordance with supplementary target parameters made during the trajectory of the projectiles towards the target.
  • the method according to the present invention hence makes it possible, as was mentioned in the foregoing, to bunch up the killing pattern and to displace this in one direction or the other, or to execute both operations.
  • the killing pattern can also be spread out.
  • Fig. 1 shows an AA gun 1 fitted with its own radar fire control, calculators etc.
  • the AA gun 1 has opened fire on a target 2 and, in this instance, discharges seven shells 3-9. These are aimed and fired individually with mutual aiming differences, with the intention of forming the killing pattern 3a-9a, in which each ghosted circle marks the effective activation area of the proximity fuse and payload of each respective shell.
  • each ghosted circle marks the effective activation area of the proximity fuse and payload of each respective shell.
  • the skilled reader of this specification will know that the sensitivity of the proximity fuses increases with altitude, for which reason the uppermost shell 6 has been allocated the largest marking circle. On the drawing figure, only the projectile trajectory for shell designated 3 has been marked.
  • the placement of the killing pattern has been selected to have its point of gravity in the point M1, since the fire control calculator of the gun 1 indicates, on the basis of the course and velocity of the target 2 at the point of time of fire, that the target would have reached the point M1 when the shells arrive at the target area.
  • the target does not follow the dotted course towards the point M1 but instead follows the dash-dot snaking trajectory 11.
  • course correction takes place of all shells by means of final phase control such that the entire killing pattern will instead be gathered about point M2 which the fire control calculator of the gun has now established will lie in the immediate proximity of the target when the projectiles reach there. All shells are thus final phase corrected in the direction marked by arrows, which gives a blanket killing pattern 3-9 about the target.
  • FIG. 2 Another variation is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the kill pattern is shown for a salvo of 8 shells in which the shells 13-20 have been more widely spaced than the proximity fuse ranges of the shells.
  • the target is calculated to have reached the point M3 when the shells have reached the immediate vicinity of the target.
  • target tracking shows that the target at this point in time will, in all probability, instead be at point M4.
  • the shells 14, 16 and 19 are deflected from their original courses so that these together form the ghosted killing pattern region 14′, 19′, 16′ about the point M4.
  • final phase control was selected of those three shells which lay most proximal the correct position M4 of the target.
  • bunching of the entire killing pattern may be effected correspondingly, at the same time as dispersion of the killing pattern may also be effected in a corresponding manner.
  • Fig. 3 shows, in its turn, a variation of a widely spread killing pattern according to the present invention comprising nine shells 21-29 which were discharged with mutual aiming differences which, if no measures had been taken would, on the same height as the target, have given the killing pattern as shown on the Figure.
  • the positions of the shells are marked by crosses, while ghosted circles indicate the manoeuvreability of the shells with maximum utilization of final phase correction, and the solid line smaller diameter circles show the active effective areas of the proximity fuses and the shells.
  • the killing pattern is highly dispersed but, at the same time, covers a large area.
  • the killing pattern On firing, the killing pattern has been grouped about point M5 which was then calculated as the actual position of the target when the shells reach the target area.
  • the position of the target will, however, be at point M6, but, because of the evasive manoeuvres of the target, this position can only be calculated at a very late point in time.
  • the shells 21, 23 and 37 are final phase directed towards point M6, but it is only the shell 23 which arrives, this, nevertheless, being fully sufficient, since it will give complete target blanketing.
  • the final positions of the final phase corrected shells are marked 21 b, 23 b and 27 b.
  • the new proximity fuse ranges of shells 23 b and 27 b have been shown as hatched, while the target blanketing shell 23 b has been cross-hatched.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
EP19880850348 1987-10-22 1988-10-18 A method for improving hit probability of automatic antiaircraft weapons Withdrawn EP0313536A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8704096A SE462181B (sv) 1987-10-22 1987-10-22 Saett att oeka traeffsannolikheten foer automatkanonluftvaern
SE8704096 1987-10-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0313536A1 true EP0313536A1 (en) 1989-04-26

Family

ID=20369958

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880850348 Withdrawn EP0313536A1 (en) 1987-10-22 1988-10-18 A method for improving hit probability of automatic antiaircraft weapons

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0313536A1 (sv)
SE (1) SE462181B (sv)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406199A2 (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-02 Ab Bofors Arrangement for carrying out shelling of a target by means of a rapid-firing ordnance piece
DE19710837C1 (de) * 1997-03-15 1998-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Achsvermessung
EP2390616A1 (en) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast -natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO A method of guiding a salvo of guided projectiles to a target, a system and a computer program product.
EP3350535B1 (de) 2015-09-17 2020-11-11 Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH Fernbedienbare waffenstation und verfahren zum betreiben einer fernbedienbaren waffenstation
EP3034983B1 (de) 2014-12-19 2020-11-18 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenwaffe
SE2200100A1 (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-03-10 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Fragmentation analysis method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112464451B (zh) * 2020-11-16 2021-08-13 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 基于作战仿真系统的防空导弹武器命中概率修正方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650380A1 (de) * 1976-11-03 1978-05-11 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur endphasenlenkung von ballistischen geschossen
GB2140538A (en) * 1983-05-17 1984-11-28 Ferranti Plc Projectile guidance system
DE3531596A1 (de) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-06 Aktiebolaget Bofors, Bofors Verfahren zum bekaempfen unterschiedlicher arten von luftzielen
CH667523A5 (en) * 1985-07-31 1988-10-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Strike rate improvement appts. for weapon against airborne target - uses selective braking of fired shells with controlled detonation at optimum strike point at surface of imaginary sphere

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2650380A1 (de) * 1976-11-03 1978-05-11 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur endphasenlenkung von ballistischen geschossen
GB2140538A (en) * 1983-05-17 1984-11-28 Ferranti Plc Projectile guidance system
DE3531596A1 (de) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-06 Aktiebolaget Bofors, Bofors Verfahren zum bekaempfen unterschiedlicher arten von luftzielen
CH667523A5 (en) * 1985-07-31 1988-10-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Strike rate improvement appts. for weapon against airborne target - uses selective braking of fired shells with controlled detonation at optimum strike point at surface of imaginary sphere

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0406199A2 (en) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-02 Ab Bofors Arrangement for carrying out shelling of a target by means of a rapid-firing ordnance piece
EP0406199A3 (en) * 1989-06-28 1992-11-25 Ab Bofors Arrangement for carrying out shelling of a target by means of a rapid-firing ordnance piece
DE19710837C1 (de) * 1997-03-15 1998-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Achsvermessung
EP2390616A1 (en) * 2010-05-27 2011-11-30 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast -natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO A method of guiding a salvo of guided projectiles to a target, a system and a computer program product.
WO2011149350A1 (en) 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno A method of guiding a salvo of guided projectiles to a target, a system and a computer program product
US8748787B2 (en) 2010-05-27 2014-06-10 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Method of guiding a salvo of guided projectiles to a target, a system and a computer program product
EP3034983B1 (de) 2014-12-19 2020-11-18 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenwaffe
EP3034983B2 (de) † 2014-12-19 2024-01-24 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenwaffe
EP3350535B1 (de) 2015-09-17 2020-11-11 Rheinmetall Defence Electronics GmbH Fernbedienbare waffenstation und verfahren zum betreiben einer fernbedienbaren waffenstation
SE2200100A1 (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-03-10 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Fragmentation analysis method
WO2024054142A1 (en) * 2022-09-09 2024-03-14 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Fragmentation analysis method.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8704096D0 (sv) 1987-10-22
SE462181B (sv) 1990-05-14
SE8704096L (sv) 1989-04-23

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