EP0308931B1 - Transducteurs à ultrasons avec une caractéristique d'émission et de réception astigmatique - Google Patents

Transducteurs à ultrasons avec une caractéristique d'émission et de réception astigmatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308931B1
EP0308931B1 EP88115593A EP88115593A EP0308931B1 EP 0308931 B1 EP0308931 B1 EP 0308931B1 EP 88115593 A EP88115593 A EP 88115593A EP 88115593 A EP88115593 A EP 88115593A EP 0308931 B1 EP0308931 B1 EP 0308931B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer according
plate
composite material
fibre
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88115593A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0308931A2 (fr
EP0308931A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Dipl.-Phys. Möckl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0308931A2 publication Critical patent/EP0308931A2/fr
Publication of EP0308931A3 publication Critical patent/EP0308931A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308931B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308931B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ultrasonic bending transducer, as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a sensor for carrying out a distance measurement according to the ultrasound echo principle is known.
  • This sensor is intended to determine and display proximity distances between a vehicle and nearby obstacles.
  • It is a pot converter with a piezoceramic oscillator arranged in it.
  • damping material is provided on the inside of the diaphragm of this pot converter on two horizontal, opposite circular sections to prevent high-energy ultrasound or signal output.
  • the damping material is e.g. Soft rubber.
  • it is provided to arrange the pot converter in a horn.
  • the membrane of the pot converter is the bottom of the pot. Because the damping material is distributed asymmetrically to the normal to the membrane or the pot bottom, this converter has a correspondingly asymmetrical transmission and reception characteristic or transmission and reception lobe.
  • this pot converter one can imagine a connecting line between the portions of the damping material asymmetrically attached inside the pot converter. This connecting line runs perpendicular to the surface normal of the membrane (pot bottom). This connecting line and the surface normal mentioned form a plane. The sound propagation or the sound reception characteristic in this plane is essentially a single radiation lobe with the normal mentioned as the center line.
  • the radiation characteristic has a plurality of radiation lobes, of which the central radiation lobe, similar to the radiation lobe specified above, has the surface normal of the membrane as the center line.
  • such a pot converter has a broad radiation field for transmission and / or reception in one plane (namely the vertical plane mentioned above). In the plane perpendicular to this, this transducer has a relatively narrow characteristic, so that an astigmatic sound characteristic results overall.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a structure for a transducer with an astigmatic radiation characteristic which is as improved as possible and in particular can be predetermined, which is also simple and reproducible to produce and is free from aging effects.
  • damping material to achieve astigmatic characteristics has the disadvantage that there is considerable scatter in the large series of the characteristic values of such transducers and / or adequate aging resistance cannot be achieved.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of giving the actual pot converter those characteristic properties which always ensure reproducible and / or reliably maintained predetermined characteristic values.
  • a transducer according to the invention has a membrane, which is preferably a part, namely the bottom, of a pot-shaped transducer.
  • This membrane consists of a (bottom) plate made of non-piezoelectric material and a piezoelectric material plate attached thereto.
  • Such piezoelectric material is preferably piezoceramic, for example one based on the lead zirconate titanate.
  • a transducer according to the invention has anisotropic elastic properties in relation to two mutually perpendicular planes in which the normal to the plane of the membrane lies. Corresponding transition behavior is present in this membrane for the space between these two main levels. Instead of the elasticity, you can also specify the stiffness.
  • the (piezoelectrically inactive) plate of the membrane consists at least in part of a fiber composite material.
  • a fiber composite material is provided here, which has fibers with a preferred direction.
  • the fiber composite material has fibers which are oriented in one direction and run essentially parallel.
  • this plate has considerably different elasticity behavior in the direction parallel to these fibers on the one hand and in the direction transverse to these fibers on the other hand.
  • the fibers can be aligned in two fiber directions oriented at an acute angle to one another.
  • Such an embodiment gives such a plate made of fiber composite material greater strength, without the anisotropic elastic behavior of the plate being significantly changed.
  • main fiber direction In particular, if only one (main) fiber direction is provided, it can be very advantageous to provide one or more additional fiber layers for the purpose of increased strength, which essentially run transversely to this one (main) fiber direction.
  • These fiber layers are selected so that the intended anisotropy is not significantly adversely affected, ie the number of fibers in this direction is significantly lower (and / or the fibers are significantly weaker in this direction), so that the much greater stiffness in Direction parallel to the (main) grain direction remains.
  • the plate consists of a tangled fiber material, but which has a preferred orientation of the fibers resulting in the direction of the (main) fiber direction of great stiffness. Such a preferred orientation can be realized in connection with the production of such material.
  • Carbon fibers, magnesium fibers, aluminum fibers, keflor fibers and the like are preferred as the fiber material.
  • Polyimide is preferably used as the matrix material in which the fibers are embedded.
  • the transducer 1 in Figure 1 has essentially the shape of a pot 7 with the membrane 2 as the bottom thereof.
  • This membrane consists of the plate which forms the actual base in this embodiment and is made of piezoelectrically inactive material.
  • This plate can be made entirely of fiber composite material.
  • a plate made of piezo material, in particular piezoceramic, is fastened on the surface of the plate of the membrane 2 located in the interior of the pot 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows in section the plate 10 made of piezoceramic such as Lead zirconate titanate.
  • the one electrode of the piezoelectric plate 10 is designated.
  • an adhesive layer is designated with which the plate 10 is attached to the piezoelectrically inactive plate 11.
  • This plate 11 and the plate 10 together form the membrane 2.
  • An essential portion 111 of the plate 11 consists of fiber composite material and another other portion 112 can be part of this plate 11.
  • the fiber composite material consists of polyimide as the matrix material, in which fibers of e.g. Coal, magnesium, aluminum, Keflar and the like are located.
  • the portion 112 may e.g. be a plate or layer of pure polyimide.
  • a counter electrode to the electrode 14 must be provided for the plate 10.
  • This counter electrode can e.g. be realized by the electrical conductivity of the adhesive layer 12.
  • the fibers 21 running essentially horizontally and parallel to one another in the illustration in FIG. 3 are indicated by 21. They give the fiber composite material 111 of the membrane 2 a high rigidity or speed of sound in this horizontal main direction 4. In the direction 5 orthogonal thereto, the fiber composite material has correspondingly low rigidity or speed of sound.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the sound transmission / reception diagram for the two mutually orthogonal directions 4 and 5, which are entered in FIG. 3.
  • the broad radiation lobe of FIG. 4, in the plane of which the main direction 4 lies, is the result of the invention selected arrangement of the fibers in essentially the one shown direction 4 of the fibers 21. 22 denotes individual fibers which are additionally present, but are orthogonal to the main direction 4 of the fibers 21.
  • These fibers 22 serve to give the fiber composite material at least that stiffness in the direction 5 which must at least be present. Compared to the large number of fibers 21, however, these fibers 22 cannot significantly impair the asymmetry, ie the astigmatism, of the transducer.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the arrangement of the fibers 31 and 131.
  • the fibers 31 run at a flat angle (less than about 30 ° to the horizontal) from top right to bottom left.
  • the fibers 131 run from the bottom right to the top left with at least substantially the same flat angle. This acute-angled crossing leads to a stability of the plate 11 made of fiber composite material, without the need for transverse fibers 22. Nevertheless, the arrangement of the fibers 31, 131 has the property of being a decisive preferred direction 4 for the transmission or To effect reception behavior of this converter.
  • FIG. 7 shows a section corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 6, but here that of a tangled tile with a preferred orientation (again in the horizontal direction of the illustration in FIG. 7).
  • An advantageous dimensioning for a transducer according to the invention is selected so that for a given fiber material (e.g. carbon fiber) with anisotropy according to the invention, these resonant frequencies of the transducer are matched to one another in such a way that the suitable or predetermined astigmatic directional characteristic is obtained for one of these frequencies (FIGS. 4 and 5) results.
  • the converter is advantageously operated at this frequency (the harmonic).
  • the neighboring resonances belonging to the harmonics of the vibration mode of the lower speed of sound are at 27 and 53 kHz, i.e. far enough from the 40 kHz operating frequency.
  • Such a transducer according to the invention has stable vibration behavior and a directional characteristic according to FIGS. 4 and 5 with 125 ° for the plane according to FIG. 4 and with 50 ° for the plane according to FIG. 5.
  • the membrane may have an elliptical shape be.
  • the ellipse axes are then chosen to be parallel to directions 4 and 5.
  • Carbon fiber composite material is particularly favorable for transducers according to the invention. This results in particularly favorable impedance matching in air.
  • a transducer of the type according to the invention is particularly suitable as a detection transducer for land and water vehicles, in which broad "illumination" is desired parallel to the roadway level (FIG. 4), but on the other hand, as little sound as possible should be emitted in the height.
  • This is exactly what a converter according to the invention fulfills.
  • a transducer according to the invention can be used both as a transmitter and as a receiver.
  • a preferred application of a converter according to the invention is that as a back-up aid for, in particular, heavy vehicles with a rear view or for vehicles (excavators and the like) which frequently move back and forth.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Transducteur électro-acoustique à flexion (7), de préférence en forme de pot, comportant une membrane (2), qui est formée par un ensemble composite constitué par une plaque (11) réalisée en un matériau inactif du point de vue piézoélectrique et une plaquette (10) réalisée en un matériau piézoélectrique, et dans lequel la plaquette (10) est disposée en position centrée par rapport à la surface de la plaque (11) et est raccordée à cette dernière, la plaquette piézoélectrique (10) étant pourvue d'électrodes (12,14) et ce transducteur (7) possèdant un diagramme acoustique directionnel dans l'espace, qui est dissymétrique par rapport à la normale à la surface de la membrane (2), caractérisé par le fait que la plaque (11) est formée, au moins au niveau de l'une (111) de ses couches, par un matériau composite fibreux orienté principalement dans une direction (4) (désignée comme étant la direction principale).
  2. Transducteur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la plaque (11) est constituée dans sa totalité par un tel matériau composite fibreux (21;31,131;70).
  3. Transducteur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau composite fibreux présent est agencé de telle sorte qu'il possède de façon prépondérante des fibres alignées dans une direction (4).
  4. Transducteur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau composite fibreux comporte au moins deux directions de fibres prépondérantes (31,131), qui font un angle aigu inférieur à 30° par rapport à la direction principale (4).
  5. Transducteur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu une couche supplémentaire de fibres (22), qui est sensiblement transversale à la direction principale (4).
  6. Transducteur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau composite fibreux est un matériau (70) formé de fibres entremêlées, dans lequel l'orientation préférentielle des fibres est celle de la direction principale (4).
  7. Transducteur à flexion suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un ou plusieurs types de fibres appartiennent au groupe des fibres de carbone, fibres de magnésium, fibres d'aluminium, fibres de Kevlar.
  8. Transducteur à flexion suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le matériau de la matrice est du polyimide.
  9. Transducteur à flexion suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la plaque (11) fait partie d'un pot (7), le matériau composite fibreux de la plaque se prolongeant d'une manière sensiblement continue dans la paroi latérale du pot.
  10. Transducteur à flexion suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane (2) possède une forme elliptique.
EP88115593A 1987-09-25 1988-09-22 Transducteurs à ultrasons avec une caractéristique d'émission et de réception astigmatique Expired - Lifetime EP0308931B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3732412 1987-09-25
DE19873732412 DE3732412A1 (de) 1987-09-25 1987-09-25 Ultraschallwandler mit astigmatischer sende-/empfangscharakteristik

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308931A2 EP0308931A2 (fr) 1989-03-29
EP0308931A3 EP0308931A3 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0308931B1 true EP0308931B1 (fr) 1993-12-08

Family

ID=6336917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88115593A Expired - Lifetime EP0308931B1 (fr) 1987-09-25 1988-09-22 Transducteurs à ultrasons avec une caractéristique d'émission et de réception astigmatique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4907207A (fr)
EP (1) EP0308931B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01119199A (fr)
DE (2) DE3732412A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393225B1 (fr) * 1989-04-20 1994-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détection ultrasonique pour véhicule à faisceau ultrasonique dirigé transversalement à la direction de conduite
US5343443A (en) * 1990-10-15 1994-08-30 Rowe, Deines Instruments, Inc. Broadband acoustic transducer
US5268610A (en) * 1991-12-30 1993-12-07 Xerox Corporation Acoustic ink printer
US5317305A (en) * 1992-01-30 1994-05-31 Campman James P Personal alarm device with vibrating accelerometer motion detector and planar piezoelectric hi-level sound generator
US5873154A (en) * 1996-10-17 1999-02-23 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Method for fabricating a resonator having an acoustic mirror
DE19727877A1 (de) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ultraschallwandler
US6060811A (en) * 1997-07-25 2000-05-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Advanced layered composite polylaminate electroactive actuator and sensor
DE19732513C2 (de) * 1997-07-29 2002-04-11 Eurocopter Deutschland Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundstruktur
FR2787674B1 (fr) * 1998-12-21 2002-12-06 Marc Charbonneaux Membrane a relief accidente
US6453049B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2002-09-17 Gti Audio Systems Internation Inc. Acoustic diaphragm
EP1279317A1 (fr) * 2000-04-07 2003-01-29 Advance Technologie Audio Organisation S.A. (ATAO) Membrane a relief accidente
DK200101780A (da) * 2001-11-30 2002-11-27 Danfoss As Ultralydstransducer
WO2004075753A1 (fr) * 2003-02-27 2004-09-10 Hitachi Medical Corporation Sonde ultrasonore
JP4319644B2 (ja) * 2004-06-15 2009-08-26 株式会社東芝 音響バッキング組成物、超音波プローブ、及び超音波診断装置
JP4171038B2 (ja) * 2006-10-31 2008-10-22 株式会社東芝 超音波プローブおよび超音波診断装置
DE102012211011A1 (de) 2012-06-27 2014-01-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Akustischer Sensor mit einer Membran aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff
DE102013201575A1 (de) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Haushaltsgerät
US9838800B2 (en) * 2014-01-24 2017-12-05 The Johns Hopkins Univeristy PBLG based planar microphones
WO2017089609A2 (fr) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Élément oscillant pour un transducteur ultrasonore à résonance multiple
DE102017203042A1 (de) 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schallwandler
DE102017205375A1 (de) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schallwandler

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4045695A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-08-30 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Piezoelectric electro-acoustic transducer
FR2307276A1 (fr) * 1975-04-11 1976-11-05 France Etat Hydrophone avec reflecteur acoustique
US4308094A (en) * 1977-02-02 1981-12-29 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Diaphragm for speaker and method of producing same
FR2473242A1 (fr) * 1980-01-08 1981-07-10 Thomson Csf Transducteur electroacoustique a dome actif
US4460060A (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-07-17 Toray Industries, Inc. Vibratory diaphragm for loudspeaker
DE3137745A1 (de) * 1981-09-23 1983-04-07 Egon 5000 Köln Gelhard Sensor fuer die durchfuehrung der distanzmessung nach dem ultraschalll-echoprinzip
US4646874A (en) * 1985-10-15 1987-03-03 Baitcher Neal L Loudspeaker diaphragm

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0308931A2 (fr) 1989-03-29
EP0308931A3 (en) 1990-03-21
DE3732412A1 (de) 1989-04-13
JPH01119199A (ja) 1989-05-11
US4907207A (en) 1990-03-06
DE3886154D1 (de) 1994-01-20

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