EP0307308B1 - Anti-bending device for a gun barrel - Google Patents

Anti-bending device for a gun barrel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0307308B1
EP0307308B1 EP88402251A EP88402251A EP0307308B1 EP 0307308 B1 EP0307308 B1 EP 0307308B1 EP 88402251 A EP88402251 A EP 88402251A EP 88402251 A EP88402251 A EP 88402251A EP 0307308 B1 EP0307308 B1 EP 0307308B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
sleeve
barrel
annular cavity
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88402251A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0307308A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Robert
Olivier Tissier
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Cessione giat Industries
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Priority to AT88402251T priority Critical patent/ATE62065T1/en
Publication of EP0307308A1 publication Critical patent/EP0307308A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A13/00—Cooling or heating systems; Blowing-through of gun barrels; Ventilating systems
    • F41A13/12—Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/44—Insulation jackets; Protective jackets

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of anti-bending devices intended for tubes of large caliber gun barrels and more particularly guns equipping armored vehicles.
  • the generator in the wind will be cooler than its opposite. There will then be an arc and a lateral deviation of the tube. It is therefore easy to see under these conditions that during firing there are significant dispersions, all the more so since the arches will be constant neither in absolute value nor in direction; these deviations can also take prohibitive values in the case of harsh climatic conditions combined with significant heating of the barrel as it can occur after a sustained rate of fire.
  • US patent 4424734 proposes a composite sheath including at least one element and a thermal insulator covering the barrel tube.
  • This type of protection has the serious disadvantage of storing heat in the tube, in particular at the level of the combustion chamber. This results in a risk of self-ignition (a phenomenon known as a "cook-off") of an ammunition that remains at the post, a risk incompatible with the safety of the weapon's servants.
  • the main drawback of this arrangement is that during the firing, the temperature rise of the tube (the peripheral temperature of the tube reaches nearly 100 ° for around 10 shots fired in 30 minutes), will cause this layer of air to heat up. thus causing convection movements of the air molecules. These movements will cause an accumulation of calories in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, thus creating a temperature gradient between the latter and the lower generator, such an asymmetry causing an arcing.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a simple, light and inexpensive device, allowing on the one hand to isolate all or part of the barrel of the weapon from the ambient air by means of an air layer insulating, and secondly to avoid thermal gradients between the upper and lower generators of the tube.
  • the anti-arching device for a barrel of a large caliber weapon consists of at least one sleeve, made integral with the barrel in translation and in rotation by a connecting means, delimiting, around the barrel and on a part of its length, at least one annular cavity, closed at its ends, it is characterized in that it includes a ventilation system intended to evacuate the calories that can accumulate in the annular cavity in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the tube , and in that the ventilation system comprises on the one hand at least one vent, arranged on the sleeve in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube and making the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air, and on the other hand a compressor connected to the annular cavity by a pipe integral with the sleeve, disposed in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the tube and extending substantially over the entire length of the sleeve, the pipe comprising at least one injection hole.
  • the pipe can be placed inside or outside the annular cavity.
  • the injection hole may be constituted by a slot disposed opposite the upper generatrix of the tube and extending substantially over the entire length of the sleeve.
  • a deflector secured to the sleeve is disposed inside the annular cavity between the injection hole and the upper generatrix of the tube.
  • the compressor will be secured to the fixed part of the weapon and it will be connected to the pipeline by a flexible connection capable of accepting the recoil movement of the tube.
  • the pipe enters during the retraction of the tube into a supply channel which is integral with the fixed part of the weapon and which has a shape complementary to that of the pipe, the sealing between pipe and supply channel will be provided by one or more seals.
  • the device represented in FIG. 1 comprises a sleeve 1, cylindrical and coaxial with a tube 2 of a large caliber cannon, an annular cavity 3 is thus arranged between the tube and the sleeve, cavity which is closed at its two ends by partitions integral with the sleeve (not shown here).
  • the pipe 6 is disposed in the annular cavity 3 and in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube 2, it carries along certain of its own generators (for example that facing the tube), injection holes 5 (here groups of three 3 mm diameter holes, regularly distributed along a generatrix of the pipeline with a density of 5 groups of holes per meter).
  • the sleeve also carries vents 4 (here 10 vents with a diameter of 2 mm), arranged in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube which make the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air.
  • the compressor 7, the pipe 6 and the vents 4 constitute a ventilation system according to the invention.
  • the compressor will send a pressurized fluid, for example air, into the pipeline. This fluid will diffuse through the injection holes 5 in the annular cavity 3.
  • the fluid outlet temperature is homogeneous along the pipe and is lower than the temperature of the air present in the annular cavity in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, (a device making it possible to stabilize the temperature of the fluid can also be provided between the compressor and the pipeline).
  • this ventilation system acts on the one hand thermally, by cooling the air contained in the annular cavity at the very place where the temperature was likely to be the highest, on the other hand mechanically , the current of fluid thus created expels the air hot to the lower zone of the annular cavity, the hot air then escapes through the vents 4, because the sleeves are otherwise sealed.
  • the device according to the invention by creating a radial air flow (and no longer axial as in the devices known on medium caliber weapons), on the one hand removes the calories from the zone of the annular cavity in which they would naturally concentrate due to convection phenomena, and on the other hand cause a flow in a radial direction which has the effect of homogenizing the air temperature at all the cross sections of the annular cavity, and therefore of limit the arcing. It will also be possible to make this flow turbulent by varying the value of the section of the vents 4, which will promote the homogenization of the temperature of the annular cavity 3.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified representation of an anti-bending device covering substantially the entire length of the tube 2 of the weapon, and for this purpose the sleeve consists of four sections 8 whose decreasing diameters take account of the taper of the tube . Each section is separated from its neighbors by a partition 9 which may or may not be sealed, the sleeve 1 thus delimits around the tube four annular cavities 3. The pipe 6 passes through these partitions and thus extends over substantially the entire length of the sleeve 1.
  • the sleeve (s) will be made integral with the tube in rotation and in translation in a known manner by a connecting means not shown here. It will in particular be possible to produce sleeves constituted by two symmetrical articulated shells and closing around the tube by a quick coupler, reference will be made to patents EP 183432 and DE 1918422 which describe such connecting means applied to anti-arching devices.
  • the invention by proposing a ventilation system which makes it possible to evacuate the calories that can accumulate in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, allows the use of any material of thermal conductivity for the sleeve.
  • the sleeves not drilled according to the state of the art had to have a high thermal conductivity, both radial and circumferential, in order to be able, on the one hand to homogenize the temperature of the air contained in the annular cavity , and on the other hand evacuate, by exchange with the ambient air, the calories transferred by the tube to the annular cavity and which were likely to cause excessive heating of the latter.
  • Figure 3 shows in cross section a second particular embodiment of such a system in which the pipe 6 is no longer disposed inside the cavity 3 but is fixed to the outer surface of the sleeve.
  • the pipeline thus comprises a cover 11 of substantially cylindrical shape and delimited by two cheeks 10.
  • the injection hole 5 is here constituted by a slot which extends substantially over the entire length of the sleeve. Such an arrangement has the advantage of ensuring the uniformity of the temperature in all the straight sections of the annular cavity along the barrel of the weapon.
  • the sleeve carries, as above, vents 4, arranged in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube and which make the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air.
  • the latter In order to ensure a radial flow of the air supplied by the pipe, the latter will be dimensioned so that its section (S) is greater than or equal to the total area (s) of the injection slot for the sleeve in question .
  • the total section (o) (relative to a sleeve) of all of the vents 4 will be chosen to be less than twice the total area (s) of the injection slot 5 (for the sleeve).
  • a sheet metal deflector 12 is made integral with the sleeve at the injection slot by means of inserts 15 and therefore also extends over the entire length of the sleeve (see FIG. 5).
  • This deflector is disposed between the injection slot 5 and the upper generatrix of the tube, and it is dimensioned so that the air stream supplied by the pipe 6 is deflected laterally towards the inner cylindrical surface of the sleeve 1 This protects the upper generatrix of the tube from excessive cooling, and a turbulent flow is obtained which also promotes the obtaining of a uniform temperature throughout the annular space 3.
  • Figure 4 is a simplified representation of an anti-bending device consisting of four sleeves 1 which cover substantially the entire length of the tube.
  • FIG. 5 shows precisely a sleeve as well as its connection with the two other neighboring sleeves.
  • the sleeves have decreasing diameters taking into account the taper of the barrel of the weapon.
  • each of the sleeves overlap slightly (see Figure 5) and are in mutual contact.
  • An air leak is tolerable when passing between each pipe if the section of this leak remains much less than the cross section of the air passing from one pipe to another, (of the order of%).
  • the compressor 7 thus supplies all of the sleeves 1.
  • the sleeves will be made integral with the tube both in rotation and in translation by means of a fixing device of the type of those described in patents EP 183432 and DE 1918422.
  • the compressor 7 will preferably be secured to the fixed part of the weapon in order to avoid recoil shocks. It will then be connected to the pipeline by a flexible connection capable of accepting the recoil movement of the tube.
  • FIG. 4 Another solution shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 consists in causing the pipe 6 to penetrate during recoil into a supply channel 13 having a complementary shape and which is integral with the fixed part of the weapon, for example at the level of the mask not shown. .
  • the seal between the pipe and the feed channel will be ensured by one or more seals 14.
  • the section of the pipe 6 is therefore decreasing along the tube to its end, thus ensuring uniformity along the tube of the ventilation of the various annular cavities 3.

Abstract

The technical sector of the invention is that of anti-bending devices for gun barrels, especially of large calibre. The device according to the invention consists of at least one sleeve (1) fixed to the barrel (2) and delimiting around the latter and over some of its length at least one annular cavity (3). It is characterised in that it comprises a ventilation system intended for dissipating the heat which accumulates in the annular cavity (3) in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the barrel (2). The invention is used for barrels equipping armoured vehicles. <IMAGE>

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs anti-arcure destinés aux tubes de canons d'armes de gros calibre et plus particulièrement des canons équipant les véhicules blindés.The technical sector of the present invention is that of anti-bending devices intended for tubes of large caliber gun barrels and more particularly guns equipping armored vehicles.

On sait qu'un tube de canon est soumis à des contraintes thermiques de deux origines:

  • extérieures liées aux conditions climatiques (pluie, vent, soleil),
  • endogènes, c'est à dire dues au tir (combustion de la charge propulsive et frottement du projectile dans le tube), chacune de ces contraintes pouvant engendrer un gradient de température entre deux génératrices opposées, gradient provoquant une différence de dilatation entre ces génératrices induisant ainsi une déformation du tube appelé arcure thermique, qui est nuisible à la précision du tir, principalement en tir tendu.
We know that a barrel tube is subjected to thermal stresses of two origins:
  • external conditions linked to climatic conditions (rain, wind, sun),
  • endogenous, that is to say due to firing (combustion of the propellant charge and friction of the projectile in the tube), each of these constraints can generate a temperature gradient between two opposite generators, gradient causing a difference in expansion between these generators inducing thus a deformation of the tube called thermal arching, which is detrimental to the accuracy of the shot, mainly in tight shot.

A titre d'exemple, pour un canon de 120 mm, un gradient de température de 1°C entraîne une déviation de l'axe du tube de l'ordre de 0,35 millièmes (le millième étant l'unité propre à l'artillerie telle que 6400 millièmes = 2π radians). On peut imaginer ce même canon entre deux tirs et soumis à un vent latéral: la génératrice au vent sera plus froide que son opposée. On aura alors une arcure et une déviation latérale du tube. On conçoit donc aisément dans ces conditions qu'au cours du tir on ait des dispersions importantes, et ce d'autant plus que les arcures ne seront constantes ni en valeur absolue ni en direction; ces déviations pouvant par ailleurs prendre des valeurs rédhibitoires dans le cas de conditions climatiques rigoureuses combinées à un échauffement important du canon tel qu'il peut s'en produire après un tir à cadence soutenue.For example, for a 120 mm gun, a temperature gradient of 1 ° C causes a deviation of the axis of the tube of the order of 0.35 thousandths (the thousandth being the unit proper to the artillery such as 6400 thousandths = 2π radians). We can imagine this same gun between two shots and subjected to a side wind: the generator in the wind will be cooler than its opposite. There will then be an arc and a lateral deviation of the tube. It is therefore easy to see under these conditions that during firing there are significant dispersions, all the more so since the arches will be constant neither in absolute value nor in direction; these deviations can also take prohibitive values in the case of harsh climatic conditions combined with significant heating of the barrel as it can occur after a sustained rate of fire.

On a donc cherché à remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant divers systèmes visant à isoler tout ou partie du tube de l'air ambiant de façon à homogénéiser la température de celui-ci, et cela quelles que soient les conditions du tir.We have therefore sought to remedy these drawbacks by proposing various systems aimed at isolating all or part of the tube from ambient air so as to homogenize the temperature thereof, regardless of the conditions of the shot.

Ainsi, le brevet US 4424734 propose un fourreau composite dont au moins un élément et un isolant thermique recouvrant le tube du canon. Ce type de protection présente l'inconvénient grave d'emmagasiner la chaleur dans le tube, notamment au niveau de la chambre de combustion. Il en résulte un risque d'auto allumage (phénomène connu sous le nom de "cook-off") d'une munition restée à poste, risque incompatible avec la sécurité des servants de l'arme.Thus, US patent 4424734 proposes a composite sheath including at least one element and a thermal insulator covering the barrel tube. This type of protection has the serious disadvantage of storing heat in the tube, in particular at the level of the combustion chamber. This results in a risk of self-ignition (a phenomenon known as a "cook-off") of an ammunition that remains at the post, a risk incompatible with the safety of the weapon's servants.

Une autre solution proposée (voir le brevet FR 1445546) consiste à utiliser plusieurs manchons tubulaires juxtaposés axialement, liés en rotation et en translation au tube du canon et fermés à leurs extrémités, formant ainsi autant de cavités concentriques au tube. Chaque manchon est constitué par une enveloppe en matériau à conductivité thermique élevée (supérieure à 100 W/(m×°K)), par exemple un alliage de magnésium, lui permettant une mise en isothermie rapide. Dans ces conditions, la couche d'air emprisonnée entre le tube et le manchon constitue un isolant thermique entre le tube de l'arme et l'air ambiant. Le principal inconvénient de cette disposition est que lors du tir, l'élévation de température du tube (la température périphérique du tube atteint près de 100° pour 10 coups environ tirés en 30 minutes), va provoquer un échauffement de cette couche d'air entraînant ainsi des mouvements de convection des molécules d'air. Ces mouvements vont provoquer une accumulation de calories au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube, créant ainsi un gradient de température entre celle-ci et la génératrice inférieure, une telle dissymétrie provoquant une arcure.Another solution proposed (see patent FR 1 445 546) consists in using several tubular sleeves juxtaposed axially, linked in rotation and in translation to the barrel tube and closed at their ends, thus forming as many concentric cavities to the tube. Each sleeve is constituted by an envelope made of a material with high thermal conductivity (greater than 100 W / (m × ° K)), for example a magnesium alloy, allowing it to be put into rapid isothermal. Under these conditions, the layer of air trapped between the tube and the sleeve constitutes a thermal insulator between the tube of the weapon and the ambient air. The main drawback of this arrangement is that during the firing, the temperature rise of the tube (the peripheral temperature of the tube reaches nearly 100 ° for around 10 shots fired in 30 minutes), will cause this layer of air to heat up. thus causing convection movements of the air molecules. These movements will cause an accumulation of calories in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, thus creating a temperature gradient between the latter and the lower generator, such an asymmetry causing an arcing.

Il est possible également, pour mémoire de citer les brevets GB 197527 et GB 148120, ou encore les brevets US 1543262 et US 2806409, ces brevets sont relatifs à des armes automatiques de moyen calibre à grandes cadences de tir, et ils proposent divers dispositifs de refroidissement du tube.It is also possible, for the record, to cite the patents GB 197527 and GB 148120, or even the patents US 1543262 and US 2806409, these patents relate to automatic weapons of medium caliber at high rates of fire, and they offer various devices for tube cooling.

Les armes de moyen calibre ne sont pas soumises au phénomène de l'arcure en raison des dimensions réduites de leur tube, par contre la grande cadence de tir risque de provoquer un échauffement excessif du tube pouvant entraîner sa détérioration ou encore des phénomènes de "Cook-off".Medium caliber weapons are not subject to the phenomenon of arching due to the reduced dimensions of their barrel, on the other hand the great rate of fire risks causing excessive heating of the barrel which can lead to its deterioration or "Cook" phenomena. -off ".

Il est possible pour éviter de tels inconvénients de prévoir un dispositif de refroidissement qui crée un courant d'air axial dans un manchon entourant le tube. Un tel courant d'air axial appliqué à un manchon entourant un tube de gros calibre n'éviterait cependant pas le phénomène d'arcure thermique.It is possible to avoid such drawbacks to provide a cooling device which creates an axial air flow in a sleeve surrounding the tube. Such a flow of axial air applied to a sleeve surrounding a large-gauge tube would not, however, avoid the phenomenon of thermal arcing.

En effet les contraintes climatiques extérieures provoqueront toujours des gradients de température dans une section transversale du manchon, ce qui entraînera une arcure.Indeed, the external climatic constraints will always cause temperature gradients in a cross section of the sleeve, which will cause an arc.

La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif simple, léger et peu onéreux, permettant d'une part d'isoler tout ou partie du tube de l'arme de l'air ambiant au moyen d'une couche d'air isolante, et d'autre part d'éviter les gradients thermiques entre les génératrices supérieures et inférieures du tube.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a simple, light and inexpensive device, allowing on the one hand to isolate all or part of the barrel of the weapon from the ambient air by means of an air layer insulating, and secondly to avoid thermal gradients between the upper and lower generators of the tube.

Le dispositif anti-arcure pour un tube d'une arme de gros calibre selon l'invention est constitué par au moins un manchon, rendu solidaire du tube en translation et en rotation par un moyen de liaison, délimitant, autour du tube et sur une partie de sa longueur, au moins une cavité annulaire, fermée à ses extrémités, il est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système de ventilation destiné à évacuer les calories pouvant s'accumuler dans la cavité annulaire au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube, et en ce que le système de ventilation comporte d'une part au moins un évent, aménagé sur le manchon au voisinage de la génératrice inférieure du tube et faisant communiquer la cavité annulaire avec l'air ambiant, et d'autre part un compresseur relié à la cavité annulaire par une canalisation solidaire du manchon, disposée au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube et s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur du manchon, la canalisation comportant au moins un trou d'injection.The anti-arching device for a barrel of a large caliber weapon according to the invention consists of at least one sleeve, made integral with the barrel in translation and in rotation by a connecting means, delimiting, around the barrel and on a part of its length, at least one annular cavity, closed at its ends, it is characterized in that it includes a ventilation system intended to evacuate the calories that can accumulate in the annular cavity in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the tube , and in that the ventilation system comprises on the one hand at least one vent, arranged on the sleeve in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube and making the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air, and on the other hand a compressor connected to the annular cavity by a pipe integral with the sleeve, disposed in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the tube and extending substantially over the entire length of the sleeve, the pipe comprising at least one injection hole.

La canalisation pourra être disposée à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la cavité annulaire.The pipe can be placed inside or outside the annular cavity.

Le trou d'injection pourra être constitué par une fente disposée en regard de la génératrice supérieure du tube et s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur du manchon.The injection hole may be constituted by a slot disposed opposite the upper generatrix of the tube and extending substantially over the entire length of the sleeve.

Selon une variante de réalisation, un déflecteur solidaire du manchon est disposé à l'intérieur de la cavité annulaire entre le trou d'injection et la génératrice supérieure du tube.According to an alternative embodiment, a deflector secured to the sleeve is disposed inside the annular cavity between the injection hole and the upper generatrix of the tube.

De façon préférentielle le compresseur sera solidaire de la partie fixe de l'arme et il sera relié à la canalisation par une liaison souple susceptible d'accepter le mouvement de recul du tube.Preferably, the compressor will be secured to the fixed part of the weapon and it will be connected to the pipeline by a flexible connection capable of accepting the recoil movement of the tube.

Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, la canalisation pénètre lors du recul du tube dans un canal d'alimentation qui est solidaire de la partie fixe de l'arme et qui présente une forme complémentaire de celle de la canalisation, l'étanchéité entre canalisation et canal d'alimentation sera assurée par un ou plusieurs joints d'étanchéité.According to a particular embodiment, the pipe enters during the retraction of the tube into a supply channel which is integral with the fixed part of the weapon and which has a shape complementary to that of the pipe, the sealing between pipe and supply channel will be provided by one or more seals.

D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard des dessins annexés et dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une coupe transversale d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale simplifiée montrant une application particulière de ce premier mode de réalisation
  • la figure 3 est une coupe transversale d'un deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention.
  • la figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale simplifiée montrant une application particulière de ce deuxième mode de réalisation
  • la figure 5 est une vue agrandie d'un détail de la figure 4.
Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross section of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a simplified longitudinal section showing a particular application of this first embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a simplified longitudinal section showing a particular application of this second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 4.

Le dispositif représenté à la figure 1 comporte un manchon 1, cylindrique et coaxial à un tube 2 d'un canon de gros calibre, une cavité annulaire 3 se trouve ainsi aménagée entre le tube et le manchon, cavité qui est fermée à ses deux extrémités par des cloisons solidaires du manchon (non représentées ici).The device represented in FIG. 1 comprises a sleeve 1, cylindrical and coaxial with a tube 2 of a large caliber cannon, an annular cavity 3 is thus arranged between the tube and the sleeve, cavity which is closed at its two ends by partitions integral with the sleeve (not shown here).

Une canalisation 6 cylindrique, solidaire du manchon et s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la longueur de celui-ci, est fermée à une de ses extrémités et reliée par son autre extrémité à un compresseur 7 (voir figure 2), solidaire de l'arme. La canalisation 6 est disposée dans la cavité annulaire 3 et au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube 2, elle porte le long de certaines de ses génératrices propres (par exemple celle en regard du tube), des trous d'injection 5 (ici des groupes de trois trous de diamètre 3 mm, régulièrement répartis le long d'une génératrice de la canalisation avec une densité de 5 groupes de trous par mètre). Le manchon porte également des évents 4 (ici 10 évents de diamètre 2 mm), disposés au voisinage de la génératrice irférieure du tube qui font communiquer la cavité annulaire avec l'air ambiant.A cylindrical pipe 6, integral with the sleeve and extending substantially over the entire length thereof, is closed at one of its ends and connected by its other end to a compressor 7 (see FIG. 2), secured to the weapon . The pipe 6 is disposed in the annular cavity 3 and in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube 2, it carries along certain of its own generators (for example that facing the tube), injection holes 5 (here groups of three 3 mm diameter holes, regularly distributed along a generatrix of the pipeline with a density of 5 groups of holes per meter). The sleeve also carries vents 4 (here 10 vents with a diameter of 2 mm), arranged in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube which make the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air.

Le compresseur 7, la canalisation 6 et les évents 4 constituent un système de ventilation conforme à l'invention. Le compresseur va envoyer un fluide sous pression, par exemple de l'air, dans la canalisation. Ce fluide va diffuser à travers les trous d'injection 5 dans la cavité annulaire 3. En régime permanent la température de sortie du fluide est homogène le long de la canalisation et se trouve inférieure à la température de l'air présent dans la cavité annulaire au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube, (un dispositif permettant de stabiliser la température du fluide peut également être prévu entrele compresseur et la canalisation).The compressor 7, the pipe 6 and the vents 4 constitute a ventilation system according to the invention. The compressor will send a pressurized fluid, for example air, into the pipeline. This fluid will diffuse through the injection holes 5 in the annular cavity 3. In steady state the fluid outlet temperature is homogeneous along the pipe and is lower than the temperature of the air present in the annular cavity in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, (a device making it possible to stabilize the temperature of the fluid can also be provided between the compressor and the pipeline).

L'effet de ce système de ventilation est double: il agit d'une part thermiquement, en refroidissant l'air contenu dans la cavité annulaire à l'endroit même où la température risquait d'être la plus élevée, d'autre part mécaniquement, le courant de fluide ainsi créé chasse l'air chaud vers la zone inférieure de la cavité annulaire, l'air chaud s'échappe alors par les évents 4, car les manchons sont étanches par ailleurs.The effect of this ventilation system is twofold: it acts on the one hand thermally, by cooling the air contained in the annular cavity at the very place where the temperature was likely to be the highest, on the other hand mechanically , the current of fluid thus created expels the air hot to the lower zone of the annular cavity, the hot air then escapes through the vents 4, because the sleeves are otherwise sealed.

Le dispositif selon l'invention, en créant un courant d'air radial (et non plus axial comme dans les dispositifs connus sur les armes de moyen calibre), évacue d'une part les calories de la zone de la cavité annulaire dans laquelle elles se concentreraient naturellement en raison des phénomènes de convection, et d'autre part provoque un écoulement à direction radiale ce qui a pour effet d'homogénéiser la température de l'air au niveau de toutes les sections transversales de la cavité annulaire, et donc de limiter l'arcure. Il sera possible également de rendre cet écoulement turbulent en jouant sur la valeur de la section des évents 4, ce qui favorisera l'homogénéisation de la température de la cavité annulaire 3.The device according to the invention, by creating a radial air flow (and no longer axial as in the devices known on medium caliber weapons), on the one hand removes the calories from the zone of the annular cavity in which they would naturally concentrate due to convection phenomena, and on the other hand cause a flow in a radial direction which has the effect of homogenizing the air temperature at all the cross sections of the annular cavity, and therefore of limit the arcing. It will also be possible to make this flow turbulent by varying the value of the section of the vents 4, which will promote the homogenization of the temperature of the annular cavity 3.

La figure 2 est une représentation simplifiée d'un dispositif anti-arcure couvrant sensiblement toute la longueur du tube 2 de l'arme, et dans ce but le manchon est constitué par quatre tronçons 8 dont les diamètres décroissants tiennent compte de la conicité du tube. Chaque tronçon est séparé de ses voisins par une cloison 9 étanche ou non, le manchon 1 délimite ainsi autour du tube quatre cavités annulaires 3. La canalisation 6 traverse ces cloisons et s'étend ainsi sur sensiblement toute la longueur du manchon 1.Figure 2 is a simplified representation of an anti-bending device covering substantially the entire length of the tube 2 of the weapon, and for this purpose the sleeve consists of four sections 8 whose decreasing diameters take account of the taper of the tube . Each section is separated from its neighbors by a partition 9 which may or may not be sealed, the sleeve 1 thus delimits around the tube four annular cavities 3. The pipe 6 passes through these partitions and thus extends over substantially the entire length of the sleeve 1.

Il serait possible d'équiper le tube au moyen de plusieurs manchons identiques ou non, traversés par la canalisation 6. Cela afin d'en faciliter la fabrication, le stockage et le transport.It would be possible to equip the tube by means of several identical or different sleeves, crossed by the pipe 6. This in order to facilitate its manufacture, storage and transport.

Le ou les manchons seront rendus solidaires du tube en rotation et en translation de manière connue par un moyen de liaison non représenté ici. On pourra en particulier réaliser des manchons constitués par deux coquilles symétriques articulées et se refermant autour du tube par une attache rapide, on consultera les brevets EP 183432 et DE 1918422 qui décrivent de tels moyens de liaison appliqués à des dispositifs anti-arcure.The sleeve (s) will be made integral with the tube in rotation and in translation in a known manner by a connecting means not shown here. It will in particular be possible to produce sleeves constituted by two symmetrical articulated shells and closing around the tube by a quick coupler, reference will be made to patents EP 183432 and DE 1918422 which describe such connecting means applied to anti-arching devices.

Il est possible enfin de faire varier le nombre, la surface et la répartition des trous d'injection 5 ainsi que des évents 4, le diamètre de la canalisation 6, le débit du compresseur 7 et la température du fluide fourni par ce dernier, et enfin le volume de la cavité 3, cela de façon à adapter le dispositif en fonction des caractéristiques (calibre, épaisseur du tube, température après tir...) propres à chaque type d'arme.It is finally possible to vary the number, the surface and the distribution of the injection holes 5 as well as of the vents 4, the diameter of the pipe 6, the flow rate of the compressor 7 and the temperature of the fluid supplied by the latter, and finally the volume of the cavity 3, so as to adapt the device according to the characteristics (caliber, thickness of the tube, temperature after firing ...) specific to each type of weapon.

L'invention, en proposant un système de ventilation qui permet d'évacuer les calories pouvant s'accumuler au voisinage de la génératrice supérieure du tube, autorise l'emploi d'un matériau de conductivité thermique quelconque pour le manchon.The invention, by proposing a ventilation system which makes it possible to evacuate the calories that can accumulate in the vicinity of the upper generator of the tube, allows the use of any material of thermal conductivity for the sleeve.

Eventuellement un matériau isolant pourrait même être utilisé, permettant ainsi de limiter l'effet des gradients thermiques d'origine extérieure sur le tube de l'arme.Possibly an insulating material could even be used, thus making it possible to limit the effect of thermal gradients of external origin on the barrel of the weapon.

On voit ainsi un avantage de l'invention, qui est de permettre d'utiliser d'autres matériaux (moins coûteux) que le magnésium pour réaliser les manchons.We thus see an advantage of the invention, which is to allow the use of other materials (less expensive) than magnesium to make the sleeves.

En effet, les manchons non percés suivant l'état de la technique, devaient présenter une conductivité thermique importante, à la fois radiale et circonférentielle, cela afin de pouvoir, d'une part homogénéiser la température de l'air contenu dans la cavité annulaire, et d'autre part évacuer, par échange avec l'air ambiant, les calories transférées par le tube à la cavité annulaire et qui risquaient d'entraîner un échauffement excessif de celui-ci.Indeed, the sleeves not drilled according to the state of the art, had to have a high thermal conductivity, both radial and circumferential, in order to be able, on the one hand to homogenize the temperature of the air contained in the annular cavity , and on the other hand evacuate, by exchange with the ambient air, the calories transferred by the tube to the annular cavity and which were likely to cause excessive heating of the latter.

Il subsistait néanmoins un gradient thermique dû aux contraintes thermiques endogènes, gradient qui est évité avec l'invention.There nevertheless remained a thermal gradient due to endogenous thermal stresses, a gradient which is avoided with the invention.

D'autres systèmes de ventilation sont envisageables.Other ventilation systems are possible.

La figure 3 représente en coupe transversale un deuxième mode particulier de réalisation d'un tel système dans lequel la canalisation 6 n'est plus disposée à l'intérieur de la cavité 3 mais est fixée sur la surface externe du manchon.Figure 3 shows in cross section a second particular embodiment of such a system in which the pipe 6 is no longer disposed inside the cavity 3 but is fixed to the outer surface of the sleeve.

La canalisation comprend ainsi un couvercle 11 de forme sensiblement cylindrique et délimité par deux joues 10.The pipeline thus comprises a cover 11 of substantially cylindrical shape and delimited by two cheeks 10.

Le trou d'injection 5 est ici constitué par une fente qui s'étend sensiblement sur toute la longueur du manchon. Une telle disposition présente l'avantage d'assurer l'homogénéité de la température dans toutes les sections droites de la cavité annulaire le long du tube de l'arme.The injection hole 5 is here constituted by a slot which extends substantially over the entire length of the sleeve. Such an arrangement has the advantage of ensuring the uniformity of the temperature in all the straight sections of the annular cavity along the barrel of the weapon.

Le manchon porte comme précédemment des évents 4, disposés au voisinage de la génératrice inférieure du tube et qui font communiquer la cavité annulaire avec l'air ambiant.The sleeve carries, as above, vents 4, arranged in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the tube and which make the annular cavity communicate with the ambient air.

Afin d'assurer un écoulement radial de l'air amené par la canalisation, on dimensionnera cette dernière de telle sorte que sa section (S) soit supérieure ou égale à la surface totale (s) de la fente d'injection pour le manchon considéré.In order to ensure a radial flow of the air supplied by the pipe, the latter will be dimensioned so that its section (S) is greater than or equal to the total area (s) of the injection slot for the sleeve in question .

La section totale (o) (relative à un manchon) de l'ensemble des évents 4 sera choisie inférieure à deux fois la surface totale (s) de la fente d'injection 5 (pour le manchon).The total section (o) (relative to a sleeve) of all of the vents 4 will be chosen to be less than twice the total area (s) of the injection slot 5 (for the sleeve).

En limitant ainsi la masse d'air pouvant s'échapper par les évents on augmente le brassage à l'intérieur de la cavité annulaire et on améliore donc l'homogénéisation de la température dans cette dernière.By thus limiting the mass of air that can escape through the vents, the mixing inside the annular cavity is increased and the homogenization of the temperature in the latter is therefore improved.

Un déflecteur 12 en tôle est rendu solidaire du manchon au niveau de la fente d'injection par l'intermédiaire d'inserts 15 et s'étend donc également sur toute la longueur du manchon (voir figure 5).A sheet metal deflector 12 is made integral with the sleeve at the injection slot by means of inserts 15 and therefore also extends over the entire length of the sleeve (see FIG. 5).

Ce déflecteur est disposé entre la fente d'injection 5 et la génératrice supérieure du tube, et il est dimensionné de telle sorte que le courant d'air amené par la canalisation 6 se trouve dévié latéralement en direction de la surface cylindrique intérieure du manchon 1. On protège ainsi la génératrice supérieure du tube d'un refroidissement eccessif, et on obtient un écoulement turbulent qui favorise également l'obtention d'une température homogène dans tout l'espace annulaire 3.This deflector is disposed between the injection slot 5 and the upper generatrix of the tube, and it is dimensioned so that the air stream supplied by the pipe 6 is deflected laterally towards the inner cylindrical surface of the sleeve 1 This protects the upper generatrix of the tube from excessive cooling, and a turbulent flow is obtained which also promotes the obtaining of a uniform temperature throughout the annular space 3.

La Figure 4 est une représentation simplifiée d'un dispositif anti-arcure constitué par quatre manchons 1 qui couvrent sensiblement toute la longueur du tube.Figure 4 is a simplified representation of an anti-bending device consisting of four sleeves 1 which cover substantially the entire length of the tube.

La figure 5 montre précisément un manchon ainsi que sa liaison avec les deux autres manchons voisins.FIG. 5 shows precisely a sleeve as well as its connection with the two other neighboring sleeves.

Les manchons ont des diamètres décroissants tenant compte de la conicité du tube de l'arme.The sleeves have decreasing diameters taking into account the taper of the barrel of the weapon.

Les canalisations de chacun des manchons se recouvrent légèrement (voir figure 5) et sont en contact mutuel. Une fuite d'air est tolérable au passage entre chaque canalisation si la section de cette fuite reste très inférieure à la section de passage de l'air d'une canalisation à l'autre, (de l'ordre du %). Le compresseur 7 alimente ainsi l'ensemble des manchons 1.The pipes of each of the sleeves overlap slightly (see Figure 5) and are in mutual contact. An air leak is tolerable when passing between each pipe if the section of this leak remains much less than the cross section of the air passing from one pipe to another, (of the order of%). The compressor 7 thus supplies all of the sleeves 1.

Comme dans le cas du premier mode de réalisation de l'invention déja décrit, les manchons seront rendus solidaires du tube à la fois en rotation et en translation au moyen d'un dispositif de fixation du type de ceux décrits dans les brevets EP 183432 et DE 1918422.As in the case of the first embodiment of the invention already described, the sleeves will be made integral with the tube both in rotation and in translation by means of a fixing device of the type of those described in patents EP 183432 and DE 1918422.

Aussi bien dans le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention que dans le deuxième, le compresseur 7 sera de préférence solidaire de la partie fixe de l'arme afin de lui éviter les chocs du recul. Il sera relié alors à la canalisation par une liaison souple susceptible d'accepter le mouvement de recul du tube.As well in the first embodiment of the invention as in the second, the compressor 7 will preferably be secured to the fixed part of the weapon in order to avoid recoil shocks. It will then be connected to the pipeline by a flexible connection capable of accepting the recoil movement of the tube.

Une autre solution schématisée sur la Figure 4 consiste à faire pénétrer lors du recul la canalisation 6 dans un canal d'alimentation 13 présentant une forme complémentaire et qui est solidaire de la partie fixe de l'arme, par exemple au niveau du masque non représenté.Another solution shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 consists in causing the pipe 6 to penetrate during recoil into a supply channel 13 having a complementary shape and which is integral with the fixed part of the weapon, for example at the level of the mask not shown. .

On crée ainsi entre la canalisation et le canal d'alimentation une liaison coulissante qui n'est pas gênée par le recul du tube.There is thus created between the pipe and the supply channel a sliding connection which is not hampered by the recoil of the tube.

L'étanchéité entre canalisation et canal d'alimentation sera assurée par un ou plusieurs joints d'étanchéité 14.The seal between the pipe and the feed channel will be ensured by one or more seals 14.

Afin d'assurer une homogénéisation de la température dans toutes les sections du tube, il est nécessaire d'éviter de trop fortes pertes de charges entre le premier manchon (situé côté compresseur) et le quatrième (proche de l'embouchure du tube).In order to ensure homogenization of the temperature in all sections of the tube, it is necessary to avoid excessive pressure drops between the first sleeve (located on the compressor side) and the fourth (close to the mouth of the tube).

Si on note S1, S2, S3, S4 les sections de la canalisation 6 relatives à chaque manchon, et si les surfaces s du trou d'injection 5 et σ de l'ensemble de évents 4 sont les mêmes pour chaque manchon, on devra vérifier les relations:If we note S1, S2, S3, S4 the sections of the pipe 6 relating to each sleeve, and if the surfaces s of the injection hole 5 and σ of the set of vents 4 are the same for each sleeve, we must check relationships:

S4 ≧ s; S3 ≧ S4 + s; S2 ≧ S3 + s; S1 ≧ S2 + sS4 ≧ s; S3 ≧ S4 + s; S2 ≧ S3 + s; S1 ≧ S2 + s

Avec σ ≦ 2sWith σ ≦ 2s

La section de la canalisation 6 est donc décroissante le long du tube jusqu'à son extrémité, on assure ainsi une homogénéité le long du tube de la ventilation des différentes cavités annulaires 3.The section of the pipe 6 is therefore decreasing along the tube to its end, thus ensuring uniformity along the tube of the ventilation of the various annular cavities 3.

A titre d'exemple, des essais comparatifs ont été menés entre un tube d'une arme de gros calibre, équipé de quatre manchons identiques, couvrant ainsi sensiblement toute sa longueur, et ne comportant ni évents ni compresseur, et un tube équipé de quatre manchons ayant même géométrie que les précédents mais dotés d'un système de ventilation selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.By way of example, comparative tests have been carried out between a tube of a large caliber weapon, equipped with four identical sleeves, thus covering substantially its entire length, and comprising neither vents nor compressor, and a tube equipped with four sleeves having the same geometry as the previous ones but provided with a ventilation system according to the second embodiment of the invention.

Après une série de 6 coups tirés dans un intervalle de temps de 15 minutes, et les mesures d'arcure étant effectuées pendant l'intervalle de 30 minutes suivant la série de tirs, on a constaté que l'arcure totale du tube équipé de manchons traditionnels a varié entre 0,43 et 1,18 millièmes, alors que l'arcure totale du tube équipé des manchons selon l'invention a varié elle, entre 0,25 et 0,38 millièmes.After a series of 6 shots fired in a time interval of 15 minutes, and the measurements of arcing being carried out during the interval of 30 minutes following the series of shots, it was found that the total arcing of the tube equipped with sleeves traditional has varied between 0.43 and 1.18 thousandths, while the total arcuate of the tube equipped with the sleeves according to the invention has varied, between 0.25 and 0.38 thousandths.

Claims (7)

1. A thermal sleeve system for a barrel (2) of a gun, in particular of a large caliber, comprising at least one sleeve (1) made integral with the barrel in translation and rotation by a connecting means, delimiting, around the barrel and on a portion of its length, at least one annular cavity (3), closed at its ends, characterized in that it includes a ventilation device intended to evacuate the calories likely to accumulate in the annular cavity (3) in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the barrel (2), and in that the ventilation device includes on the one hand, at least one vent hole (4) disposed on the sleeve in the vicinity of the lower generatrix of the barrel and allowing the annular cavity to communicate with the ambient air and, on the other hand, a compressor (7) connected to the annular cavity (3) by a pipe (6) integral with the sleeve (1), located in the vicinity of the upper generatrix of the barrel (2) and extending substantially throughout the length of the sleeve, the tube including at least one injection hole (5).
2. A system as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the tube (6) is located inside the annular cavity (3).
3. A system as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the tube (6) is located outside the annular cavity (3).
4. A system as defined in any of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the injection hole (5) consists of a slot facing the upper generatrix of the tube (2) and extending substantially throughout the length of the sleeve (1).
5. A system as defined in any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a deflector (12) integral with the sleeve (1) is disposed inside the annular cavity (3) between the injection hole (5) and the upper generatrix of the barrel (2).
6. A system as defined in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compressor (7) is integral with the fixed portion of the gun and is connected to the pipe (6) by a flexible link capable of taking up the recoil motion of the barrel (2).
7. A system as defined in claim 6, characterized in that, during the recoil of the barrel (2), the pipe (6) enters into a feed way (13) integral with the fixed portion of the gun and the shape of which is complementary to that of the pipe (6), the airtightness between the pipe and the feed way being obtained by means of one or more seals (14).
EP88402251A 1987-09-09 1988-09-08 Anti-bending device for a gun barrel Expired - Lifetime EP0307308B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88402251T ATE62065T1 (en) 1987-09-09 1988-09-08 DEVICE FOR PREVENTING GUN BARREL DEFLECTION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712485 1987-09-09
FR8712485A FR2620210A1 (en) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 ANTI-ARRANGEMENT DEVICE FOR AN ARM TUBE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0307308A1 EP0307308A1 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0307308B1 true EP0307308B1 (en) 1991-03-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88402251A Expired - Lifetime EP0307308B1 (en) 1987-09-09 1988-09-08 Anti-bending device for a gun barrel

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0307308B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE62065T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3862182D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2022668B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2620210A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114225A1 (en) 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Firearm and its barrel
EP3833924A4 (en) * 2018-08-21 2022-06-15 Kiruna Engineering and Services FZ-LL Canon tube cooling system with nebulized water

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2721390B1 (en) * 1994-06-16 1996-08-14 Giat Ind Sa Anti-arcuate sleeve.
DE102007051246A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Small or medium caliber machine gun

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DE319915C (en) * 1916-09-19 1920-04-10 Emil Schmidtmann Air cooling by means of propellers for machine guns
US1351017A (en) * 1918-11-07 1920-08-31 Charles C Blackmore Automatic gun
US1430661A (en) * 1918-11-23 1922-10-03 Isaac N Lewis Firearm
GB197527A (en) * 1922-05-03 1923-05-17 Laurens Morgan Hamilton Improved means for cooling machine guns
US1543262A (en) * 1924-01-18 1925-06-23 Schneider & Cie Quick-firing gun
US2273839A (en) * 1939-06-16 1942-02-24 Port Theophile De Barrel cooling device
US2935912A (en) * 1950-10-11 1960-05-10 Olin Mathieson Erosion-and-corrosion-resistant gun barrel adapted to hold a coolant
US2806409A (en) * 1951-05-29 1957-09-17 William P Purcella Cooling mechanism for machine guns and the like
GB702878A (en) * 1951-06-19 1954-01-27 George Angus Clunies Ross Improvements in or relating to cooling apparatus for guns
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US4663875A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-05-12 Colt Industries Inc. Rifle handguard assembly having outer shell with outer and inner liners

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114225A1 (en) 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Firearm and its barrel
DE102005019594A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Firearm for firing intelligent munitions has replaceable barrel module with barrel and barrel casing holding barrel and at least some control elements
DE102005019594B4 (en) * 2005-04-27 2007-06-14 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Firearm and barrel for this
EP3833924A4 (en) * 2018-08-21 2022-06-15 Kiruna Engineering and Services FZ-LL Canon tube cooling system with nebulized water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2620210A1 (en) 1989-03-10
ATE62065T1 (en) 1991-04-15
EP0307308A1 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3862182D1 (en) 1991-05-02
ES2022668B3 (en) 1991-12-01

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