EP0304722A1 - Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais - Google Patents

Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0304722A1
EP0304722A1 EP88112946A EP88112946A EP0304722A1 EP 0304722 A1 EP0304722 A1 EP 0304722A1 EP 88112946 A EP88112946 A EP 88112946A EP 88112946 A EP88112946 A EP 88112946A EP 0304722 A1 EP0304722 A1 EP 0304722A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric material
antenna according
coaxial line
dipole
microwave antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88112946A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0304722B1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Leupelt
Heinz Dipl.-Ing.(FH) Lüdiger
Bernd Niemandt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP19880112946 priority Critical patent/EP0304722B1/fr
Publication of EP0304722A1 publication Critical patent/EP0304722A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0304722B1 publication Critical patent/EP0304722B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/134—Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional radio antenna according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Antennas that are used in military radio relay and in particular for mobile operation must have dimensions that are as small as possible, lightweight, and low visibility. They are therefore often made up of discrete radiator elements in the usual frequency ranges up to about 2 GHz and have maximum dimensions of about 5 to 6 wavelengths.
  • Known embodiments are, for example, dipole groups in front of flat or angular reflectors. Apart from the relatively complicated and complex structure, which is due to the use of many individual elements or distribution circuits with high accuracy requirements, they have radiation properties which are characterized by a relatively high level of sidelobes in the case of larger bandwidths. The reasons for this are, among other things, the tendencies typical for group antennas to form so-called secondary main lobes if the radiator element spacings become too large from an electrical point of view for large frequency bandwidths.
  • parabolic reflector antennas with a suitably constructed primary radiator system.
  • the outer conductor 11 of a coaxial line 2 is provided with two diametrically opposed longitudinal slots 13 and 14, which can have a length of approximately half an average wavelength and a width of approximately 1/40 of this wavelength. Perpendicular to the plane in which the two longitudinal slots 13 and 14 lie, the two halves 15 and 16 of a dipole radiator are placed on the outer conductor 11.
  • the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial line 2 is short-circuited to the outer conductor 11 on one side by a metallic connecting pin 17. This short circuit is usually at the location of the dipole starting point.
  • FIG. 3 shows the field images in the slot area of the coaxial line 2.
  • a normal TEM wave is shown at the top left in FIG. 3. Due to the short circuit generated by means of the metal pin 17, a deformation of the field image is forced in the coaxial line 2. At the location of the short circuit, the tangential field strength becomes zero.
  • the field image is now symmetrical to the axis of the short-circuit pin 17.
  • the field image thus created now corresponds to that of the H 11-wave type in the coaxial line, which is shown at the top right in FIG. 3 and which is the undisturbed TEM wave type at the top left in this figure Coaxial line is superimposed. The resulting total field is shown in FIG.
  • the radiator arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is placed in its focal point.
  • this known radiator arrangement as a primary radiator system in a reflector antenna would result in a relatively high overexposure at the reflector edge with correspondingly high secondary lobes due to insufficient bundling.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve the best possible and significantly improved in comparison to conventional antennas of the type shown adipose field attenuation with a simple and easy structure of the entire arrangement in an antenna that can be used in military radio relay and in particular for mobile operation.
  • An important aspect here is the significantly increased requirement for ECM resistance, i.e. the reduction of the possible threat of enemy interference, which can occur from any direction in the area of the side lobes.
  • an essential element here is the new type of primary radiator system, which fulfills the requirements for largely symmetrical illumination of the reflector as well as broadband and good adaptation, as well as beam guidance and wave concentration along the main axis of the radiator. This enables a desired reduction in the reflector edge coverage and the overexposure to be achieved.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of a primary radiator system to be used in the directional radio antenna according to the invention in a side view.
  • the outer conductor 11 of a coaxial line 2 is provided with two diametrically opposed longitudinal slots 13 and 14, which are approximately the length of an average wavelength and a width of approximately 1/40 of the average wavelength can own. Perpendicular to the plane in which the two longitudinal slots 13 and 14 lie, the two halves 15 and 16 of a dipole radiator are placed on the outer conductor 11.
  • the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial line 2 is short-circuited to the outer conductor 11 on one side by a metallic connecting pin 17.
  • This shorting pin 17 is in the example shown at the location of the starting point of the two dipole halves 15 and 16.
  • the radiating part of the primary radiator system consisting of the combination of the two longitudinal slots 13 and 14 and the two dipole halves 15 and 16, is completely made of a suitable dielectric material existing body 18 embedded with a low loss factor.
  • This body 18, which is made of dielectric material, is a side view in a single illustration 5 has a substantially cylindrical shape with an outer diameter of approximately 0.3 times the mean wavelength and a length of approximately 1 wavelength. It is pushed onto the outer conductor 11 of the coaxial line 2 by means of a bore 21 running centrally over the entire length and has corresponding cutouts 22 for receiving the dipole halves 15 and 16.
  • auxiliary reflector 19 is thus located at the end of the coaxial line 2 and serves to deflect the portions of the radiation which are initially also directed forward from the primary radiator system to the main reflector 1.
  • the end face 24 of the body 18 made of dielectric material facing the main reflector 1 has a contour 25 optimized to improve the radiation.
  • a width of approximately 0.1 to 0.15 times the central wavelength, having a small wall thickness, is applied also has a specially shaped edge contour 26.
  • This metallic ring 20 has no conductive connection to the metallic parts of the primary radiator system.
  • the ring 20 and the body 18 made of dielectric material, in combination, bring about a clear concentration of the radiated power around the longitudinal axis of the primary radiator system and thus also on the main reflector.
  • the radiation diagrams in the E and H planes are largely harmonized.
  • the metallic ring 20 acts in the predetermined frequency range as a passive additional radiator, which is also excited by the radiated field and in turn strongly influences the overall field distribution or the directivity.
  • a certain analogy can be seen in the director of a dipole arrangement. Due to the resonance behavior of such a passive element, the dimensioning and the tolerance requirement are correspondingly critical. What is important here is the diameter, which is the actually important electrical quantity, namely determines the circumference of the metallic ring 20. This range lies approximately between 0.8 and 1.2 times the mean wavelength. Optimal mutual coordination and combination with respect to the dimensioning and relative position of the individual elements, which are essentially frequency-determined, enables the described broadband system to achieve very broadband behavior.
  • the metallic ring 20 need not be made of sheet metal as a separate element, but can e.g. in the form of a vapor-deposited metallic layer or a layer produced by a suitable conductive varnish in the screen printing process.
  • the impedance transformation between the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line 2 and the resulting complex resistance of the elements involved in the radiation process can be achieved by a suitably graduated diameter variation of the inner conductor 12 in the vicinity of the longitudinal slots 13, 14.
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view of a small, symmetrically constructed directional radio reflector antenna with a primary radiator system according to FIG. 6.
  • the primary radiator system 3 is arranged in the focal point of the main reflector 1.
  • the coaxial line 2 if it is designed to be sufficiently stable, serves to fasten the primary radiator system 3 or is guided in an additional support tube 5 to which the primary radiator system 3 is then fastened.
  • the coaxial line 2 is guided through a central opening 4 in the main reflector 1 and ends behind the main reflector 1 in a connector 7.
  • a coaxial line 2 or the supporting tube 5 is used in some areas to hold the entire directional radio
  • a reflector antenna on a mast 9 serves as a holder 8, which has a screw fastening 10.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP19880112946 1987-08-12 1988-08-09 Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais Expired - Lifetime EP0304722B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19880112946 EP0304722B1 (fr) 1987-08-12 1988-08-09 Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3726880 1987-08-12
DE3726880 1987-08-12
EP19880112946 EP0304722B1 (fr) 1987-08-12 1988-08-09 Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0304722A1 true EP0304722A1 (fr) 1989-03-01
EP0304722B1 EP0304722B1 (fr) 1992-10-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880112946 Expired - Lifetime EP0304722B1 (fr) 1987-08-12 1988-08-09 Antenne directionnelle pour systèmes relais

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0304722B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0452077A1 (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-16 Marconi Electronic Devices Limited Arrangement d'antenne

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462881A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-03-01 John W Marchetti Antenna
US2474854A (en) * 1944-07-20 1949-07-05 John W Marchetti Antenna
DE1616300A1 (de) * 1967-12-01 1971-04-01 Patelhold Patentverwertung Dipolantenne fuer linear polarisierte Wellen
DE1541598B2 (de) * 1966-09-30 1974-03-21 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Richtantenne, bestehend aus einem Spiegel und einem Dipolerregersystem
DE3049532A1 (de) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-29 Aeg-Telefunken Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 6000 Frankfurt Selbsttragender primaererreger fuer spiegelantennen
DE3231097A1 (de) * 1982-08-20 1984-02-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Antenne nach dem cassegrain-prinzip mit einer halterung fuer den subreflektor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462881A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-03-01 John W Marchetti Antenna
US2474854A (en) * 1944-07-20 1949-07-05 John W Marchetti Antenna
DE1541598B2 (de) * 1966-09-30 1974-03-21 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin U. 8000 Muenchen Richtantenne, bestehend aus einem Spiegel und einem Dipolerregersystem
DE1616300A1 (de) * 1967-12-01 1971-04-01 Patelhold Patentverwertung Dipolantenne fuer linear polarisierte Wellen
DE3049532A1 (de) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-29 Aeg-Telefunken Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 6000 Frankfurt Selbsttragender primaererreger fuer spiegelantennen
DE3231097A1 (de) * 1982-08-20 1984-02-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Antenne nach dem cassegrain-prinzip mit einer halterung fuer den subreflektor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0452077A1 (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-16 Marconi Electronic Devices Limited Arrangement d'antenne
WO1991015880A1 (fr) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-17 Marconi Electronic Devices Limited Antenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0304722B1 (fr) 1992-10-28

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