EP0301556A2 - Method of manufacturing a building element in the shape of a hollow brick, concrete block or the like - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a building element in the shape of a hollow brick, concrete block or the likeInfo
- Publication number
- EP0301556A2 EP0301556A2 EP88112274A EP88112274A EP0301556A2 EP 0301556 A2 EP0301556 A2 EP 0301556A2 EP 88112274 A EP88112274 A EP 88112274A EP 88112274 A EP88112274 A EP 88112274A EP 0301556 A2 EP0301556 A2 EP 0301556A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavities
- hollow
- silicone
- stones
- styrofoam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
- B28B11/043—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material filling cavities or chambers of hollow blocks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
- E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
- E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a construction element according to claim 1 or construction elements or components produced according to it for the building industry, in particular building construction.
- the invention has for its object to provide components or a method for producing components that support and isolate at the same time, with which therefore sufficiently insulated buildings without external, separate insulation skin can be created.
- a series of hollow stones is generally lined up on a layer or plate of finely perforated silicone material, in such a way that the continuous cavities are arranged vertically.
- Non-foamed polystyrene particles are filled into the cavities.
- the styrofoam grains can have different densities and complement each other.
- Another layer or plate of perforated silicone is applied to the top of the row. Through said perforated silicone plate or layer or through both layers, water vapor is applied under pressure, i.e. injected into the cavities filled with polystyrene granules: this foams the polystyrene material so that it fills the entire cavity, especially on the inner walls of the Hollow stones put on and attached.
- construction material in particular cement
- the construction elements according to the invention can be designed in the form of bricks, hollow stones, ceiling tiles as hour stone for attics or partitions as blocks made of reinforced concrete, honeycomb bricks etc.
- the silicone plates preferably have such stiffness and are applied with such pressure that the silicone material penetrates into the cavities of the building blocks by a few millimeters.
- foaming with polystyrene you get a bulge, i.e. the styrofoam foam recedes a few millimeters below the face of the stone.
- These vaults are filled with mortar during bricking so that the mortar interlocks well with the stones, thus increasing the strength of the wall.
- Components of this type can be produced using known mechanical aids or automatically, and the elements are handled in stacks or rows by means of conventional grippers.
- the unfoamed polystyrene beads are allowed to flow into the holes from a metering funnel; the superfluous material is removed from the outside and reintroduced into the circular sound.
- the second silicone layer is applied at the top, the heat is injected by means of water vapor from one or both sides, that is to say from the top and / or bottom of this arrangement.
- the water vapor which is applied externally with pressure, passes through the perforated silicone covering material into the interior of the stones, as a result of which the polystyrene beads are foamed, in particular due to the pentane contained in them (as a blowing agent).
- the foam fills the entire hollow volume.
- the cavities C of a multi-chamber hollow block A are filled with Styripor foam.
- a row of hollow stones for example according to FIG. 1, is lined up next to one another on a plate B1 made of silicone material.
- the silicone plate is finely perforated and has a certain plasticity.
- the cavities are arranged vertically.
- a sufficient amount of polystyrene grains (polystyrene) is filled into the cavities.
- B2 is placed on top of the row of hollow stones.
- the material and the pressure of the cover plates B1, B2 is such that the silicone material penetrates the cavities by a few millimeters.
- foaming, recesses or concavities are obtained - for better interlocking with the mortar when bricking.
- water vapor (arrows V) is applied.
- the water vapor penetrates through the perforated plates B1, B2 into the interior; the action of heat foams the polystyrene so that the entire cavity is filled, the foamed polystyrene firmly adhering to the walls of the stones.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Konstruktionselements nach Anspruch 1 bzw. danach hergestellte Konstruktionselemente oder Bauteile für das Bauwesen, insbesondere den Hochbau.The invention relates to a method for producing a construction element according to claim 1 or construction elements or components produced according to it for the building industry, in particular building construction.
Im Bauwesen ist bekanntlich die Schall- und Wärmeisolierung sehr wichtig. Bischer müssen zur thermischen und akustischen Isolierung einer Wohnung bzw. eines Gebäudes die Wände mit einer Schicht aus Isoliermaterial verkleidet werden. Dies ist sehr teuer, ferner werden die Wände entsprechend dicker, d.h. die Wohnfläche wird entsprechend kleiner.It is well known that sound and heat insulation is very important in construction. For thermal and acoustic insulation of an apartment or building, the walls must be clad with a layer of insulating material. This is very expensive, and the walls become correspondingly thicker, i.e. the living space is correspondingly smaller.
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, Bauelemente bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauelementen zu schaffen, welche gleichzeitig tragen und isolieren, mit denen also ausreichend isolierte Gebäude ohne äußere, gesonderte Isolationshaut erstellt werden können. Dabei sollen der größtmögliche Raum für die Statik sowie die kleinstmögliche Wärmeübertragung erreicht werden.In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide components or a method for producing components that support and isolate at the same time, with which therefore sufficiently insulated buildings without external, separate insulation skin can be created. The largest possible space for the statics and the smallest possible heat transfer should be achieved.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist im Patentanspruch 1 angegeben; das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 wird durch die Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 2 und 3 weiter ausgestaltet. Die Ansprüche 4 und 5 sind auf die so hergestellten Bauelemente selbst gerichtet.The solution to this problem is specified in claim 1; the method according to claim 1 is further developed by the method according to claims 2 and 3. Claims 4 and 5 are directed to the components thus produced themselves.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird im allgemeinen eine Reihe von Hohlsteinen auf eine Schicht oder Platte aus fein durchlöchertem Silikonmaterial aufgereiht, und zwar so, daß die durchgehenden Hohlräume vertikal angeordnet sind. In die Hohlräume werden ungeschäumte Styroporpartikel gefüllt. Die Styroporkörner können unterschiedliche Dichte haben und ergänzen sich gegenseitig. Oben auf die Reihe wird eine weitere Schicht oder Platte aus perforiertem Silikon aufgebracht. Durch die besagte, perforierte Silikonplatte bzw. Schicht bzw. durch beide Schichten wird Wasserdampf unter Druck aufgebracht, also in die mit Styroporkörnchen gefüllten Hohlräume injiziert: Hierdurch wird das Styropormaterial ausgeschäumt, so daß es den gesamten Hohlraum ausfüllt, insebesondere sich an die inneren Wände der Hohlsteine anlegt und anhaftet.According to the invention, a series of hollow stones is generally lined up on a layer or plate of finely perforated silicone material, in such a way that the continuous cavities are arranged vertically. Non-foamed polystyrene particles are filled into the cavities. The styrofoam grains can have different densities and complement each other. Another layer or plate of perforated silicone is applied to the top of the row. Through said perforated silicone plate or layer or through both layers, water vapor is applied under pressure, i.e. injected into the cavities filled with polystyrene granules: this foams the polystyrene material so that it fills the entire cavity, especially on the inner walls of the Hollow stones put on and attached.
Mit dieser Erfindung werden weitreichende Vorteile erreicht. Insbesondere erhält man eine bessere Wärmeisolation, man spart Baustoff, insbesondere Zement, die erfindungsgemäßen Bauelemente sind auch weniger zerbrechlich. Die erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktionselemente/Bauelemente können in Form von Ziegelsteinen, Hohlsteinen, Deckenziegel als Hourdisteine für Dachböden oder Trennwände ausgebildet sein als Blöcke aus Stahlbeton, Wabenziegel etc..Far-reaching advantages are achieved with this invention. In particular, better heat insulation is obtained, construction material, in particular cement, is saved, and the components according to the invention are also less fragile. The construction elements according to the invention can be designed in the form of bricks, hollow stones, ceiling tiles as hour stone for attics or partitions as blocks made of reinforced concrete, honeycomb bricks etc.
Vorzugsweise haben die Silikonplatten eine soche Steifigleit und werden mit solchem Druck aufgebracht, daß das Slikonmaterial um ein paar Millimeter in die Hohlräume der Bausteine eindringt. Beim Ausschäumen mit Styropor erhält man also jeweils eine Einwölbung, d.h. der Styroporschaum tritt um einige Millimeter unter die Stirnseiten des Steins zurück. Diese Einwölbungen werden beim Vermauern mit Mörtel ausgefüllt, so daß sich der Mörtel gut mit den Steinen verzahnt, damit wird die Festigkeit der Mauer erhöht.The silicone plates preferably have such stiffness and are applied with such pressure that the silicone material penetrates into the cavities of the building blocks by a few millimeters. When foaming with polystyrene, you get a bulge, i.e. the styrofoam foam recedes a few millimeters below the face of the stone. These vaults are filled with mortar during bricking so that the mortar interlocks well with the stones, thus increasing the strength of the wall.
Derartige Bauelemente können mit bekannten mechanischen Hilfsmitteln bzw. automatisch hergestellt werden, mittels üblicher Greifer werden die Elemente stapelweise bzw. reihenweise gehandhabt. Aus einem Dosiertrichter läßt man die ungeschäumten Styroporperlen in die Löcher fließen; das überflüssige Material wird außen abgenommen und von neuem in den Kreislaut eingeleitet. Wenn die zweite Silikon-Schicht oben aufgebracht ist, injiziert man die Hitze mittels Wasserdampf von einer oder von beiden Seiten, also von oben und/oder von unten dieser Anordnung. Der mit Druck außen aufgebrachte Wasserdampf tritt durch das perforierte Silikon-Abdeckmaterial in das Innere der Steine, wodurch die Styroporperlen aufgeschäumt werden, insbesondere aufgrund des in ihnen enthaltenen Penthans (als Treibmittel). Der Schaum füllt das gesamte Hohlvolumen aus.Components of this type can be produced using known mechanical aids or automatically, and the elements are handled in stacks or rows by means of conventional grippers. The unfoamed polystyrene beads are allowed to flow into the holes from a metering funnel; the superfluous material is removed from the outside and reintroduced into the circular sound. When the second silicone layer is applied at the top, the heat is injected by means of water vapor from one or both sides, that is to say from the top and / or bottom of this arrangement. The water vapor, which is applied externally with pressure, passes through the perforated silicone covering material into the interior of the stones, as a result of which the polystyrene beads are foamed, in particular due to the pentane contained in them (as a blowing agent). The foam fills the entire hollow volume.
Auf der beigefügten Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nochmals erläutert:
- Fig. 1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Bauelement in Draufsicht.
- Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Gemäß der Erfindung.
- 1 shows a top view of a component according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically an arrangement for performing the method according to the invention.
Gemäß Fig. 1 sind die Hohlräume C eines Vielkammer-Hohl-blocksteins A mit Styriporschaum ausgeschäumt.1, the cavities C of a multi-chamber hollow block A are filled with Styripor foam.
Gemäß Fig.2 ist eine Reihe von Hohlsteinen, beispielsweise gemäß Fig. 1, nebeneinander auf einer Platte B1 aus Silikonmaterial aufgereiht. Die Silikonplatte ist fein perforiert und hat eine gewisse Plastizität. Die Hohlräume sind dabei vertikal angeordnet. In die Hohlräume wird eine ausreichende Menge Polystyrolkörner (Styropor) eingefüllt. Sodann wird eine eben solche Platte aus Silikonmaterial B2 oben auf die Reihe von Hohlsteinen aufgelegt. Das Material und der Druck der Abdeckplatten B1, B2 ist derart, daß das Silikonmaterial um einige Millimeter in die Hohlräume eindringt. Beim Ausschäumen erhält man somit Vertiefungen oder Einwölbungen - für die bessere Verzahnung mit dem Mörtel beim Mauern. Von oben oder von oben und wird Wasserdampf (Pfeile V) aufgebracht. Der Wasserdampf dringt durch die perforierten Platten B1, B2 hindurch in das Innere; die Wärmeeinwirkung schäumt das Polystyrol, so daß der gesamte Hohlraum ausgefüllt wird, wobei das geschäumte Polystyrol fest an den Wandungen der Steine haftet.According to FIG. 2, a row of hollow stones, for example according to FIG. 1, is lined up next to one another on a plate B1 made of silicone material. The silicone plate is finely perforated and has a certain plasticity. The cavities are arranged vertically. A sufficient amount of polystyrene grains (polystyrene) is filled into the cavities. Then such a plate made of silicone material B2 is placed on top of the row of hollow stones. The material and the pressure of the cover plates B1, B2 is such that the silicone material penetrates the cavities by a few millimeters. When foaming, recesses or concavities are obtained - for better interlocking with the mortar when bricking. From above or from above and water vapor (arrows V) is applied. The water vapor penetrates through the perforated plates B1, B2 into the interior; the action of heat foams the polystyrene so that the entire cavity is filled, the foamed polystyrene firmly adhering to the walls of the stones.
Claims (5)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in die Hohlräume ungeschäumte Styroporpartikel eingefüllt werde,
worauf die Hohlsteine mitsamt den Styroporpartikel erhitzt werden, so daß sich die Styriporpartikel ausdehnen (ausschäumen), wobei sich der Styroporschaum dicht an die Wände der Hohlräume anlegt bzw. anhaftet, wobei die durchgehenden Hohlräume der Hohlsteine beidseitig durch je ein fein perforiertes Silikonteil abgedeckt bzw. abgeschlossen sind.1. Process for the production of construction elements for the building industry in the form of pointer stones or hollow concrete blocks with cavities which run from one side to the other,
characterized,
that non-foamed polystyrene particles are filled into the cavities,
whereupon the hollow stones together with the styrofoam particles are heated so that the styrofoam particles expand (foam), the styrofoam foam closely adhering to the walls of the cavities, the continuous cavities of the hollow stones being covered on both sides by a finely perforated silicone part or Are completed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeweils ein Konstruktionselement bzw. Hohlstein bzw. eine Reihe von Hohlsteinen (A) zwischen eine untere und eine obere Platte (B1, B2) aus feinperforiertem Silikon material gesetzt werden, wobei mittels Wasserdampf oder eine andere Wärmeform die zum Schaumen des Styropors erforderliche Wärme aufgebracht wird.2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that in each case a structural element or hollow block or a series of hollow blocks (A) between a lower and an upper plate (B1, B2) made of finely perforated silicone material, the heat required for foaming the styrofoam being applied by means of water vapor or another form of heat becomes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beiden Silikonplatten (B1, B2) bzw. Silikonplastik-Material mit derartigem Druck aufgebracht werden, daß sich das Silikonmaterial um einige Millimeter in die Hohlräume der Steine (A) eindrückt, zur Bildung von Einwölbungen zur Aufnahme von Mörtel beim Mauern.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the two silicone plates (B1, B2) or silicone plastic material are applied with such pressure that the silicone material is pressed into the cavities of the stones (A) by a few millimeters, in order to form bulges to hold mortar in the wall.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88112274T ATE59873T1 (en) | 1987-07-31 | 1988-07-29 | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF A HOLLOW BRICK OR CONCRETE PLUG OR THE LIKE. COMPONENTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT4164887 | 1987-07-31 | ||
IT8741648A IT1229970B (en) | 1987-07-31 | 1987-07-31 | ELEMENT FOR BUILDINGS IN BRICK AND EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0301556A2 true EP0301556A2 (en) | 1989-02-01 |
EP0301556A3 EP0301556A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
EP0301556B1 EP0301556B1 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
Family
ID=11252525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88112274A Expired - Lifetime EP0301556B1 (en) | 1987-07-31 | 1988-07-29 | Method of manufacturing a building element in the shape of a hollow brick, concrete block or the like |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0301556B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE59873T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3861500D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1229970B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0708210A1 (en) * | 1994-10-22 | 1996-04-24 | Volker Schmidt | Brick |
WO2009106402A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-03 | Produzione Commercio Laterizi S.P.A. In Breve P.C.L. S.P.A. | Method for thermal insulation of hollow bricks and apparatus for thermal insulation of hollow bricks |
DE102009005473A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | SFH Maschinen- und Anlagenservice für Betonsteinindustrie GmbH | Method for production of hollow block-masonry unit, involves filling warm-damming polystyrene in cavities of special manufacturing unit |
DE102012110159A1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-24 | Michael Kellerer | Method and device for producing a brick with insulation filling and such brick |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2292081A1 (en) * | 1974-11-19 | 1976-06-18 | Toulpac Sa | Thermally insulated building components - obtd. by filling hollow components with beads of expansible or expanded thermoplast, and agglomerating by heat |
EP0027477A1 (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-04-29 | Veit Dennert KG Baustoffbetriebe | Process and device for the manufacture of hollow-block bricks with plastics filling |
DE3200197A1 (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-14 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Apparatus for foam-filling the cavities of hollow blocks with expanded polystyrene |
EP0190565A2 (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-13 | Alfons Häusler | Hollow block and device for making same |
-
1987
- 1987-07-31 IT IT8741648A patent/IT1229970B/en active
-
1988
- 1988-07-29 EP EP88112274A patent/EP0301556B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-29 AT AT88112274T patent/ATE59873T1/en active
- 1988-07-29 DE DE8888112274T patent/DE3861500D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2292081A1 (en) * | 1974-11-19 | 1976-06-18 | Toulpac Sa | Thermally insulated building components - obtd. by filling hollow components with beads of expansible or expanded thermoplast, and agglomerating by heat |
EP0027477A1 (en) * | 1979-10-22 | 1981-04-29 | Veit Dennert KG Baustoffbetriebe | Process and device for the manufacture of hollow-block bricks with plastics filling |
DE3200197A1 (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-14 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Apparatus for foam-filling the cavities of hollow blocks with expanded polystyrene |
EP0190565A2 (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-13 | Alfons Häusler | Hollow block and device for making same |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0708210A1 (en) * | 1994-10-22 | 1996-04-24 | Volker Schmidt | Brick |
WO2009106402A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-03 | Produzione Commercio Laterizi S.P.A. In Breve P.C.L. S.P.A. | Method for thermal insulation of hollow bricks and apparatus for thermal insulation of hollow bricks |
DE102009005473A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-22 | SFH Maschinen- und Anlagenservice für Betonsteinindustrie GmbH | Method for production of hollow block-masonry unit, involves filling warm-damming polystyrene in cavities of special manufacturing unit |
DE102012110159A1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-24 | Michael Kellerer | Method and device for producing a brick with insulation filling and such brick |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT8741648A0 (en) | 1987-07-31 |
EP0301556A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
ATE59873T1 (en) | 1991-01-15 |
IT1229970B (en) | 1991-09-20 |
DE3861500D1 (en) | 1991-02-14 |
EP0301556B1 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
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