EP0301259A1 - Combat-vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

In a combat vehicle with a turret (3), a weapon (4) mounted in this and a magazine (16) accommodated in the vehicle and receiving high- calibre ammunition (15) standing vertically and arranged concentrically relative to the axis of rotation of the turret, there is a loader (20) which has a loading arm (33) engaging the ammunition on the magazine and raising it into alignment with the core axis of the weapon, namely the loading position. The loader is arranged on a live ring (22), which rests on the turret platform approximately underneath the weapon breech (41) and the axis of rotation of which coincides with that of the turret, and has a multi-membered link mechanism (25-27) which is supported on the live ring and is movable in a vertical plane and which raises the loading arm, with the ammunition standing vertically, in a steep path of movement and pivots it into the loading position only towards the end of the path of movement. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a combat vehicle with a turret, a weapon stored therein, a large-caliber ammunition accommodated in the vehicle, standing vertically in a magazine accommodating the arrangement concentric with the axis of rotation of the turret, and a loader which grips the ammunition on the magazine and is in alignment with the soul axis of the weapon - the loading position - lifting arm.

For the loading of armored weapons of larger calibers, automatically working loading devices are known, which arose primarily from the demand for a high rate of fire, but at the same time also make manual loading easier. They consist, for example, of a kind of tape magazine for a larger number of cartridges, which is arranged at a distance from the weapon store in the rear part of the tower hood, ie outside the actual vehicle. The individual magazine recordings can be brought into a loading position aligned with the core axis of the weapon. The distance between the weapon store or the breech of the weapon and the magazine is bridged by a loading bridge, which can be swung out to enable manual loading from below. Due to their limited absorption capacity, these automatic loading devices require frequent ammunition, which is usually only possible manually. In addition, the magazine in the rear of the tower is very difficult to access for ammunition.

In another known embodiment (US-C-4 388 854) the loading bridge is carried by a parallelogram linkage. In the lowered position, the ammunition is picked up on the magazine and pivoted forward in front of the weapon lock. This training is only suitable for small-caliber ammunition. A similar parallelogram guidance is also known for free-standing cannons (US-C-1 304 583). In both cases, the ammunition is only moved in the horizontal direction.

It has already been proposed for howitzer howitzers (DE-A1-36 27 042) to arrange a circulation magazine within the rotating circle of the tower, which rotates on two circles concentric to the axis of rotation of the tower and receives the ammunition standing upright. The ammunition can be removed from this circulation magazine by means of a loader which can be pivoted about two axes which are perpendicular to one another between a take-over position on the magazine and a loading position in which the ammunition which it has taken up is aligned with the core axis of the weapon. With this arrangement, more ammunition can be accommodated in the circulation magazine, but the loader requires a not inconsiderable free space due to the pivoting movements of the loading arm, which in turn is lost for accommodating ammunition. In a further modification of this system it is proposed to arrange another circulation magazine in the rear of the vehicle behind the rotating circle of the tower (DE-A1-37 01 091), which can be ammunitioned from the outside. With a handover device, which is movable between the circulation magazine in the rear of the vehicle and the circulation magazine in the tower, the tower magazine can be munited in accordance with the removal by the loader.

The known design has the disadvantage that the loader is only suitable for ammunition of relatively small caliber and in particular only for howitzers, but not for large-bore tank guns.

The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a combat vehicle of the abovementioned construction so that large-caliber ammunition can be brought into loading position from vehicle-own magazines in a space-saving manner and within the vehicle it is possible to accommodate more ammunition than before without one manual transfer or loading is necessary.

Starting from the combat vehicle mentioned at the outset, with a magazine concentric with the axis of rotation of the tower, this object is achieved in that the loader is arranged on a turntable sitting approximately below the weapon lock on the tower platform, the axis of rotation of which coincides with that of the tower, and one on the The slewing ring-supported, multi-link steering gear, which is movable in a vertical plane, lifts the loading arm with the vertical ammunition in a steep movement path and only swivels into the loading position towards the end of the movement path.

Due to the arrangement of the loader on a slewing ring, each of the positions on the magazine which are arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation of the tower can be approached, regardless of whether it is a standing or a rotating magazine. Due to the design of the loader as a multi-link steering gear, the loading arm can cover a space-saving movement path, with which in particular the tight space in a tank tower can be taken into account. So it is possible to design the handlebar gear so that the loading arm with the ammunition standing vertically in the magazine is raised from this position in a steep movement path and only swiveled towards the end of the movement path into the loading position in which the ammunition is aligned with the soul axis of the weapon becomes. Thus, the ammunition can be brought from a position approximately below the breech of the weapon into the loading position without any significant lateral movement taking place.

In a preferred embodiment it is further provided that the steering gear is seated on a sliding table which is guided on the turntable and can be moved between a basic position oriented on the axis of rotation for the loading process and a take-over position on the magazine.

This embodiment provides the further advantage that a larger lateral path can also be covered by the loader located in the basic position approximately below the weapon in order to bridge a corresponding distance between the axis of rotation of the turret and the magazine with the concentric arrangement of the ammunition, whereby however, this space is only required during the ammunition transfer process from the magazine.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the magazine can be arranged as a tower magazine on the tower platform and take up the ammunition on two concentric circles or partial circles, the sliding table being movable between the basic position and a takeover position for the ammunition to one of the two circles.

With the help of the slewing ring, every angular position and with the sliding table every radial position of the ammunition within the tower magazine can be approached, the ammunition picked up and put in the loading position. The tower magazine can extend over a large part of the circumference of the tower platform and can be stationary because of the rotatable mounting of the loader.

Another ammunition supply can be formed in that a circulation magazine with vertical ammunition is arranged in the rear of the vehicle and that the loader with the sliding table can be moved into a receiving position of the circulation magazine near the tower for taking over the ammunition from it.

This embodiment makes it possible to start the revolving magazine arranged in the rear of the vehicle, which is known per se, directly with the loader, to remove the ammunition from this magazine and either to bring it directly into the loading position or, as preferred, to implement it in the tower magazine. This can happen in particular during the firing breaks, while during the battle the loading is preferably carried out from the tower magazine because of the shorter distances. The loader designed according to the invention therefore serves not only its actual purpose, namely to bring ammunition into the loading position, but also for ammunitioning the tower magazine. For this purpose, it is only necessary that the tower magazine leave a correspondingly large cutout, through which the loader can reach the storage magazine in the rear of the vehicle.

The circulation magazine in the rear of the vehicle can in principle be of any design and be guided in any movement path. It only has to cover a pick-up position close to the tower to allow access by the loader. However, it is advantageously provided that the circulation magazine has a magazine strand which is concentric with the axis of rotation of the tower and is arranged near its periphery and in the area of which the receiving position is located.

With this training, it is possible to move to more than one shooting position by rotating the tower. This is recommended, for example, in the case of a tower which overlaps the trough at the rear of the vehicle over a substantial area with its rear. By turning the tower, a hatch arranged in the rear of the vehicle can be exposed for re-ammunition of the rear magazine, but at the same time the tower magazine can be ammunitioned from the circulation magazine in the rear of the vehicle.

The training according to the invention creates the possibility, especially of large-caliber, in particular also two-part ammunition, which consists of a separate projectile and propellant charge and to be brought into the weapon in a mechanized workflow. In this case, the tower magazine on its concentric circles can store projectiles and propellant charges and the revolving magazine in the rear of the vehicle alternately receive projectiles and propellant charges that are removed one after the other during the loading process. In this case, too, it is possible to re-ammunition the tower magazine smoothly.

In combat vehicles of the construction mentioned at the outset, it is known to arrange a rifle which pushes the ammunition into the weapon in the turret behind the weapon, generally in a turret rear projecting beyond the turntable of the turret. In order to use this in the design of the loader according to the invention, the arrangement is such that the loading arm is in the loading position between the rear end of the weapon and the attachment, so that the attachment can push the ammunition received by the loading arm into the weapon .

If, as is known per se, a loading magazine with an attachment for the ammunition and a loading position in alignment with the axis of the soul of the weapon is arranged in the turret behind the weapon, the invention provides see that the loading arm is arranged in the loading position between the weapon and the loading magazine and ammunition picked up by him can be transported by means of the rammer either directly into the weapon or into the loading position of the loading magazine or from this via the loading arm into the weapon.

In a simplest embodiment, the loading magazine is designed as a single loading tube. This training is particularly recommended for split ammunition in that a propellant charge is removed from the turret magazine in a first work cycle by means of the loader, raised to the loading position and then pulled back into the loading tube by means of the piecer. In a second cycle, the loader takes a floor from the tower magazine and brings it into the loading position. In this storey and propellant are then one behind the other. The rifle can then be used to insert the projectile and propellant into the weapon.

Instead, it is also possible for the loading magazine to be designed as a revolver with a plurality of ammunition receptacles which can be brought into the loading position one after the other by means of a rotary drive.

The revolver can be filled with cartridge ammunition. Since it is located directly behind the weapon, a high rate of fire can be achieved due to the short distances. If the revolver is empty, it can be loaded with the loader. However, it is also possible to alternately load the revolver with propellant charges and projectiles and then insert them into the weapon in the order of projectile / propellant charge, as is also possible to equip the revolver with propellant charges only and the projectiles with Bring the loading arm into the loading position, so that even with two partial, large-caliber ammunition a high rate of fire is achieved.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the loading magazine has an ejector position or can be brought into one in which non-fired ammunition withdrawn from the weapon by means of the rifle can be ejected from the turret.

If the loading magazine is a simple loading tube, it can be pivoted from the loading position into the ejector position in order to eject the propellant charge that has not been ignited from the tower. If, on the other hand, the loading magazine is designed as a revolver, it only needs to be rotated into the ejector position with the propellant charge retracted and not ignited.

Finally, the loader can advantageously be moved by means of the turntable and / or the sliding table into a position in which the loading arm is arranged next to the weapon. The loader is brought into this position before firing in order to clear the space behind the weapon at every elevation for the weapon to return.

In a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the handlebar transmission is designed as a five-link, the base of which is formed by the sliding table and the coupling of which is formed by the loading arm, and that the fifth link is formed on the rear link with respect to the weapon, which consists of two via the link connected arms. With this design, a steep trajectory of the loading arm from the vertical position to the loading position is realized by the front link lifting the leading end of the loading arm in a pivoting movement, while the two-armed rear link first performs an uprighting movement, so that the trailing end of the loading arm initially essentially raised vertically and only with increasing Raising the two rear handlebars towards the end of the movement into the loading position. For the loading process, the weapon is brought into an index position with low elevation.

In order to get by with a single drive despite the training as a five-bar linkage, a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the front link with respect to the weapon is connected to the lower arm of the rear link via drive levers and this link is coupled to a drive.

This training gives the opportunity to design the drive for the steering gear as a linear drive pivotally mounted on the sliding table.

The loading arm of the loader must essentially perform two functions, namely to securely grasp the ammunition, possibly also those of different calibres, and to store the ammunition exactly in the loading position. It therefore consists of a partially cylindrical shell with a movable base and at least one pair of grippers which supplement the shell and which can be moved between a clamping position fixing the ammunition and a position releasing it. A large number of constructive designs are conceivable for this basic structure of the loading arm.

The stub sleeves ejected when the weapon is advanced are generally caught by a sleeve catch attached to the weapon. This sleeve catch, which extends backwards from the weapon breech, would be in the way during the loading process by means of the loader designed according to the invention. It is therefore provided according to a further feature of the invention that the sleeve catch is designed like a basket with a base that slopes downward from the rear edge of the base piece of the weapon and one to the bottom has an extended catch plate below the base piece, and that the sleeve catch can be pivoted from its operating position by means of a pivot arm mounted on the weapon and driven from there into a position releasing the loading position above the core axis of the weapon, the catch plate being pivoted into the basket-like sleeve catch during the pivoting movement becomes.

Due to the pivotable arrangement of the sleeve catch, it is possible to pivot it after firing into a position above the weapon store, so that the loader can be moved into the loading position without hindrance with the ammunition it has received. The sleeve catch should extend below the base of the weapon to catch badly ejected stub sleeves. This is achieved with the catch plate below the bottom piece with its pivotable mounting on the sleeve catch, which is pivoted into the catch when swiveling it up, so that the stub sleeves falling only on the catch plate slip into the basket-like part of the catch catch.

To safely catch the stub sleeves, the further measure is that the catch plate has an upright deflector on its front edge, which can be pivoted backwards from the base piece when the weapon returns. This deflector, which can stand under spring force and straighten itself, is swiveled backwards from the base when the weapon returns. This ensures that the sleeve catch is always securely closed below the base piece.

• Figur 1 ein schematischer Längsschnitt einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Kampffahrzeugs in ausschnittsweiser Darstellung;
• Figur 2 einen Schnitt II - II gemäß Figur 1;
• Figur 3 eine der Figur 2 entsprechende Draufsicht in der Ruhestellung des Laders;
• Figur 4 eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Ansicht während eines Ladevorgangs mit einem Lademagazin;
• Figur 5 eine der Figur 4 entsprechende Ansicht in einer weiteren Phase des Ladevorgangs;
• Figur 6 einen Schnitt IV - IV in Figur 1 in einer anderen Betriebsstellung des Lademagazins;
• Figur 7 eine der Figur 1 entsprechende, stärker schematisierte Ansicht einer einfachsten Ausführungsform des Kampffahrzeugs;
• Figur 8 eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungs­form und
• Figur 9 einen Schnitt IX - IX gemäß Figur 8.

The invention is described below with reference to some exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:

• Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a combat vehicle in a fragmentary representation;
• Figure 2 shows a section II - II of Figure 1;
• Figure 3 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 2 in the rest position of the loader;
• FIG. 4 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 during a loading process with a loading magazine;
• FIG. 5 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 4 in a further phase of the charging process;
• Figure 6 shows a section IV - IV in Figure 1 in a different operating position of the loading magazine;
• FIG. 7 shows a more schematic view of a simplest embodiment of the combat vehicle corresponding to FIG. 1;
• Figure 8 is a view corresponding to Figure 1 of another embodiment and
• 9 shows a section IX - IX according to FIG. 8.

The combat vehicle shown in schematic detail in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a trough 1 and a tower 3 supported thereon via a pivot bearing 2, in which the turret 3 is not shown Gun 4 to be explained is mounted, on which the leveling drive 5 engages. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the tower 3 has a rear part 6, which reaches rearward over the ceiling of the trough 1 of the vehicle rear 7 and is used to accommodate a loading magazine 8 and a piecer 9.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, a stationary tower magazine is arranged on the stage 10 of the tower 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is formed from two partially cylindrical magazines 11, 12 and the ammunition on two circles concentric to the axis of rotation 13 of the tower 3 - in which shown embodiment - on the one hand propellant charges 14, on the other hand storeys 15 - standing vertically. In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, a circulation magazine 16 is also arranged in the rear of the vehicle 7, which is guided in several strands in the rear part of the tub 1 of the vehicle. It has a magazine strand 17 near the tower, which is guided concentrically to the axis of rotation 13 of the tower. Propellant charges 14 and projectiles 15 are alternately set in the circulation magazine. With a charger 18, the circulation magazine can be loaded from the outside via a hatch in the tub ceiling. The charger is not described here because it is not part of the invention. The circulation magazine 16 is moved by means of a drive 19.

A loader 20, which sits on a sliding table 21, is arranged inside the turret 3 and below the weapon store of the weapon 4. This in turn runs in longitudinal guides of a slewing ring 22, which is supported on the tower platform 10. The sliding table is driven by a drive 23, the slewing ring by a rotary drive 24.

The loader 20 consists essentially of a multi-link linkage in the form of a five-link. It has a front link 25 and one of two arms 26, 27 formed rear handlebars. The five joints are designated by 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, the joints 28, 29 being arranged on the sliding table 21 which forms the base of the five-link, while the joints 30, 31 are connected via the loading arm 33 which forms the coupling of the five-link are. The front link 25 is extended beyond its base joint 28 down to an arm 34 on which a drive coupling 35 is mounted, which on the other hand articulates on the lower arm 27 of the rear link. A linear drive 36 (FIG. 2), which is mounted on the sliding table 21 on a horizontal axis, is used to raise the five-link shown in the basic position in FIG.

The loading arm 33 has a rigid, partially cylindrical loading shell 37 with an arc angle of less than 180 degrees, which is connected to the links 25 and 26, 27 via the joints 30, 31. The charging cradle is supplemented by two grippers 38. In their clamped position, the grippers 38 grip the ammunition 14, 15 at an arc angle of more than 180 degrees. Both grippers 38 are connected via guides 39 to a common drive 40 which moves the grippers from the clamped position into an open position and vice versa.

In the area of the breech 41, the weapon 4 is assigned a sleeve catch 42, which is designed like a basket and has a bottom 43 that slopes downwards towards the rear and a rear wall 44. On the front edge of the bottom 43, a catch plate 45 is mounted on a chain wheel 46 which is under the action of a tension spring which urges the catch plate 45 into the position shown in FIG. In this position, the catch plate 45 engages under the base of the weapon 4. A deflector 47 serves as a flush end, which is erected by means of a spring in the position shown in FIG. 1, but is folded back from the base when the weapon returns. A chain 48, which is attached to a chain guide 49, engages on the chain wheel 46. The chains guide 49 is part of a curved control lever 50 which is guided on a stop 51 attached to the weapon 4. The entire sleeve catch 42 is fastened to a rigid swivel arm 52 which can be swiveled via a toothed segment 53 by means of a spur gear 54 of a rotary drive 55. The sleeve catch 42 can thus be raised from the operating position (FIG. 1) which catches the ejected stub sleeves to an ineffective position (FIG. 4) in which the weapon can be loaded. During this pivoting movement, which also follows the control lever 50, the catch plate 45 is pivoted into the basket-like sleeve catch 42 by means of the chain 48, so that the stub sleeves ejected only onto the catch plate slide back into the sleeve catch.

The mode of operation and some operating options are described below:

In Figure 1, the loader 20 is shown in its basic position, in which the steering gear 25, 26, 27 is in its folded lowest position and the loading arm 33 is arranged vertically next to the sliding table 21. From this position, the loading arm 33 can move to any position of the propellant charges 14 or the projectiles 15 in the tower magazine 11, 12 by rotating the turntable 22 and longitudinally displacing the sliding table 21 (FIG. 2), remove a propellant charge 14 or a projectile 15 there and then return bring into the position shown in Figure 1 by raising the handlebar gear 25, 26 and 27 in the dash-dotted raised position, the loading position, in which the ammunition is aligned with the soul axis of the weapon 4.

Instead of this, the loading arm 33 can be extended from the basic position shown in FIG. 1 by means of the sliding table 21 to such an extent that it reaches a position in alignment with the weapon on the magazine strand 17 near the tower and 38 ammunition is picked up there by means of the grippers can. This ammunition can then either be converted into the tower magazine 11, 12 by means of the loading arm 33 or can be brought directly into the loading position (FIG. 1). If the tower magazine 11, 12 is shot empty, the positions of the projectiles 15 and the propellant charges 14 are successively filled up with the projectiles or propellant charges located in the circulation magazine 16. This ammunition of the turret magazine 11, 12 is preferably carried out in the position shown in FIG. 2, but can also be carried out in the so-called 11 o'clock position of the weapon, in which the sliding table 21 is located near the drive 19 of the circulation magazine. In this position, the rear part 6 of the tower 3 releases the ceiling of the tub 1 in the area of the vehicle rear 7 in such a way that the circulation magazine 16 can be re-ammunition by means of the charger 18 through a hatch (not shown).

The loading arm can finally be moved into the rest position shown in Figure 3 next to the weapon. The loading arm generally assumes this rest position when the weapon 4 is fired.

If, as in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, 5, large-caliber two-piece ammunition is used, the loading of the projectile and propellant charge can take place simultaneously with the aid of the loading magazine 8. In this exemplary embodiment, the loading magazine 8 consists of a single loading tube 56, which is arranged in the rear part 6 of the turret 3 in alignment with the core axis of the weapon 4. In this case, a propellant charge 14 is first removed from the tower magazine 11, 12 by means of the loading arm 33 and raised to the loading position. In this position, after loosening the grippers 38 (FIG. 4), the propellant charge 14 is pulled back from the advanced attachment piece 58 into the loading tube 56 by means of the attachment piece 9, which in this case is designed as a chain attachment with a drive 57 and an attachment piece 58. Then the Loading arm 33 in turn turns on the tower magazine 11, 12, removes a projectile 15 there, brings it again into the loading position (FIG. 5) immediately in front of the propellant charge 14. Subsequently, the projectile 15 and propellant charge 14 are then pushed into the weapon by means of the piecer 9.

Before the start of the loading process, the sleeve catch 42 is raised by swiveling the swivel arm 52 upward, the catch plate 45 being pivoted inward into the basket-like sleeve catch. After the loading process, the sleeve catch 42 is pivoted downward again, the catch plate 45 being simultaneously folded out to the front below the base of the weapon by means of the tension spring.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, a driven ejector 59 is arranged above the loading tube 56, which is described below in connection with FIG. 6. An ejector opening 60 is provided on the rear part 6 of the tower 3. In front of this ejector opening, the loading tube 56, which is mounted at 61, can be pivoted. In this position, the ejector 59 can act on ammunition located in the loading tube 56 and eject it to the rear via the ejector opening 60. It is thus possible to bring out firing failures, which can be withdrawn from the weapon 4 into the loading tube 56 by means of the attachment piece 58, after the loading tube has been pivoted through the ejector opening 60 to the outside.

A loading magazine, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, 6, serves primarily to increase the rate of fire, but is not absolutely necessary. Thus, only one piecing 9 can be located in the tower, as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, 33 ammunition, which is either cartridge or two-part ammunition - in this case in the order of the projectile / propellant charge - is raised into the loading position by means of the loading arm and is pushed directly into the weapon by means of the attachment 9. Otherwise the loading can magazine also have a plurality of ammunition receptacles, as is shown in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 9 in the form of a revolver 62 which can be rotated about an axis 63 (FIG. 8) and, as can be seen from FIG. 9, a plurality of receptacles 64 and 65 on one concentric circle. In this case, the receptacles 64, 65 can have different diameters in an alternating arrangement in order to alternately hold propellant charges and projectiles. Instead, the receptacles in the revolver can also be designed only for propellant charges and the projectiles can be brought into the loading position with the loading arm. A turret 9 with drive 57 is in turn assigned to the revolver 62, by means of which the ammunition can be transported from the revolver 62 into the weapon in an index position coinciding with the weapon. The turret can of course also be combined with an ejector 59, similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 4, 5, in that one of the rotational positions of the turret 62 is aligned with the ejector opening 60. With this training, several floors can be loaded in the shortest possible time. If the revolver is empty, it can be loaded with ammunition from the tower magazine 11, 12 and / or the revolving magazine 16.

Claims (20)

1.Fighting vehicle with a turret, a weapon stored therein, a large-caliber ammunition housed in the vehicle, standing vertically in a magazine concentrically arranged with the axis of rotation of the turret, and a loader, which takes hold of the ammunition on the magazine and is aligned with the soul axis of the weapon Loading position - lifting arm, characterized in that the loader (20) on an approximately below the weapon breech (41) on the turret (10) seated turntable (22), the axis of rotation of which coincides with that of the tower, and one on the The slewing ring-supported, multi-link link mechanism (25 to 32) which is movable in a vertical plane and which lifts the loading arm (33) with the vertical ammunition (14) in a steep movement path and only pivots into the loading position towards the end of the movement path. 2. Combat vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the steering gear (25 to 32) on one Sliding table (21) is seated, which is guided on the slewing ring (22) and can be moved between a basic position for the loading process oriented on its axis of rotation and a take-over position on the magazine (11, 12, 16). 3. Combat vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magazine is arranged as a tower magazine (11, 12) on the tower platform (10) and on two concentric circles or partial circles, the ammunition (14, 15), and that the sliding table (21) is movable between the basic position and a takeover position for the ammunition in one of the two circles. 4. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the rear of the vehicle (7) behind the tower (3) a circulation magazine (16) with vertical ammunition (14, 15) is arranged and that the loader (20) with the sliding table (21) can be moved into a receiving position of the circulation magazine (16) near the tower for taking over the ammunition (14, 15) from the latter. 5. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the circulation magazine (16) has a magazine strand (17) which is concentric with the axis of rotation of the tower (3) and is arranged near the periphery thereof, in the region of which the receiving position is located. 6. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the circulation magazine (16) and the loader (20) have more than one common takeover position. 7. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the circulation magazine (16) mutually alternately projectiles (15) and propellant charges (14) and in the tower magazine on a circle or partial circle projectiles (15), on the other propellant charges ( 14) are set. 8. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, with a rifle arranged in the turret behind the weapon, pushing the ammunition into the weapon, characterized in that the loading arm (33) in the loading position between the rear end of the weapon (4) and the piecing (9) is arranged. 9. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, in particular according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that in the turret (3) behind the weapon (4) a loading magazine (8) with a ratchet (9) for the ammunition ( 14, 15) and an alignment of the soul axis of the weapon (4) is arranged loading position, and that the loading arm (33) is arranged in the loading position between the weapon and the loading magazine and the ammunition picked up by him by means of the rammer optionally in the Gun or in the loading position of the loading magazine or from this can be transported into the weapon via the loading arm. 10. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the loading magazine (8) is designed as a single loading tube (56). 11. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the loading magazine (8) is designed as a revolver (62) with a plurality of ammunition receptacles (64, 65) which can be brought into the loading position one after the other by means of a rotary drive. 12. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the loading magazine (8) has an ejector position or can be brought into such, in which from the weapon (4) by means of the piecer (9) retracted, not fired Muni tion can be ejected from the tower (3). 13. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the loader (20) by means of the turntable (22) and / or the sliding table (21) is movable into a position in which the loading arm (33) next to the weapon (4) is arranged. 14. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the steering gear (25 to 32) is designed as a five-link, the base of which is formed by the sliding table (21) and the coupling of which by the loading arm (33), and that fifth joint (32) is formed on the rear handlebar with respect to the weapon (4), which consists of two arms (26, 27) connected via the joint. 15. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the with respect to the weapon (4) front link (25) via drive lever (34, 35) with the lower arm (27) of the rear link (26, 27) and this handlebar is coupled to a drive (36). 16. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the drive for the link mechanism (25 to 32) is a linear drive pivotally mounted on the sliding table (21). 17. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the loading arm (33) consists of a partially cylindrical shell (37) and at least one There are a pair of grippers (38) which supplement the shell and can be moved between a clamping position fixing the ammunition (14, 15) and a position releasing them. 18. Combat vehicle in particular according to one of claims 1 to 17 with a sleeve arranged on the weapon, the ejected stub sleeves of the ammunition collecting sleeve catch, characterized in that the sleeve catch (42) like a basket with an approximately from the rear edge of the base of the weapon (4) rear sloping bottom (43) is formed and has a catch plate (45) that extends this to below the bottom piece, and that the sleeve catch from its operating position by means of a pivot arm (52) mounted on the weapon and driven from there into a position releasing the loading position above the soul axis of the weapon is pivotable, the catch plate being pivoted into the basket-like sleeve catch during the pivoting movement. 19. Combat vehicle according to claim 18, characterized in that the catch plate (45) is mounted on the front edge of the base (43) of the sleeve catch (42) near the weapon and can be pivoted into the sleeve catch with its pivoting movement. 20. Combat vehicle according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the catch plate (45) has at its front edge an upright deflector (47) which can be pivoted backwards from the base piece when the weapon (4) returns.

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