EP0256250B1 - Device for loading cannons, especially armour-plated cannons - Google Patents
Device for loading cannons, especially armour-plated cannons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0256250B1 EP0256250B1 EP87108858A EP87108858A EP0256250B1 EP 0256250 B1 EP0256250 B1 EP 0256250B1 EP 87108858 A EP87108858 A EP 87108858A EP 87108858 A EP87108858 A EP 87108858A EP 0256250 B1 EP0256250 B1 EP 0256250B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- loading
- loading arm
- gun
- rammer
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIOPZPCMRQGZCE-WEVVVXLNSA-N 2,4-dinitro-6-(octan-2-yl)phenyl (E)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1OC(=O)\C=C\C NIOPZPCMRQGZCE-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
- F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
- F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
- F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
- F41A9/13—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane
- F41A9/16—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane which is parallel to the barrel axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/61—Magazines
- F41A9/64—Magazines for unbelted ammunition
- F41A9/76—Magazines having an endless-chain conveyor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for loading guns, in particular self-propelled howitzers, from a magazine containing the essentially vertical projectiles and arranged below the gun barrel with a loading arm which has a gripper for a projectile and from a receiving position on the magazine in which it is in the is arranged essentially vertically, about an approximately horizontal axis perpendicular to the core axis of the gun barrel and connected to the gun, into a loading position from which the projectile aligned with the core axis can be transported into the cargo space of the gun by means of a piecing device.
- Automatic loaders are known for howitzers and guns. They all allow the bullets to be automatically inserted into the cargo space of the gun. These loaders also allow the automatic selection of different storeys in a perfected design, the storeys usually being called up from a remote magazine and first being fed to the actual charger via a long cradle. All automatic loaders are designed to enable fast loading without any manual intervention, with high reliability.
- the known loaders are structurally very complex and therefore expensive and generally also require a large amount of space, so that the accommodation, for example in armored vehicles, presents difficulties. In addition, they are vulnerable due to their degree of automation in terms of technology and function.
- a structurally and functionally simpler version (DE-A 2 826 136) has a loop-shaped circulation magazine immediately below and in front of the cargo space of the gun barrel.
- the projectile is raised from a receiving position, in which the projectile is located in a vertical plane enclosing the cannon in front of the cargo space, by means of a loading arm moved in the manner of an elevator and then pivoted about a horizontal axis which is seated in the elevator-like lifting arm into the loading position in which the projectile lies in the inner axis of the gun barrel and from which it is transported into the cargo space of the gun by means of a piecer attached to the loading arm.
- the device forming the preamble has a more favorable design with regard to the use of space and the accessibility of the weapon (EP-A 0 141 900).
- a bearing block is arranged, on which a loading arm is pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis.
- a charging cradle with gripper is in turn arranged on the loading arm on a vertical axis.
- the loading process is as follows: In the pick-up position, the approximately vertical gripper takes a bullet from the circulation magazine next to the gun. The charging cradle then pivots about the vertical axis into a position behind the gun and then about a horizontal axis into the loading position.
- the gun For the charging process, the gun must also be moved to the index position and the charging cradle aligned with the axis of the soul. Furthermore, the charging cradle must be aligned with a turret-mounted attachment, or the attachment must be mounted in alignment with the weapon in the index position.
- EP-A 0 178 484 it is known to mount a loading shell for projectiles and propellant charges on a transfer arm on an axis parallel to the weapon and the transfer arm in turn on a horizontal axis that intersects the core axis of the weapon and is connected to the weapon to store so that the charging cradles can follow the elevation of the weapon.
- projectiles and propellant charges are already aligned horizontally in the magazine and arranged behind the weapon and inside the turret, so that the transfer arm only has to perform a simple pivoting movement between the receiving position, which corresponds approximately to the index position of the weapon, and the loading position in the correct position.
- This prior art also leaves open where the rammer is located and how the projectile and propellant thus get into the weapon.
- the device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known (JP-A 53.33000), in the large-caliber two-part ammunition, which is housed vertically in two part-circular magazines and transported to a receiving position immediately below the gun.
- a loading arm On a horizontal swivel axis, which coincides with the shield axis of the gun, a loading arm is pivotally suspended, which simultaneously grips both ammunition parts (propellant charge and projectile) by means of a gripper and, after swiveling up around the horizontal axis, moves them into a loading position aligned with the core axis.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the gun can be loaded in every direction and does not always have to be returned to the index position.
- the relatively small capacity of the magazine and the limited space are disadvantageous.
- the invention has for its object to accomplish the loading process with simple constructive means and manageable movements and thereby create an inexpensive and space-saving device that a La which is permitted in any desired position of the gun.
- the aforementioned object is achieved according to the invention in that the magazine is designed as a circulation magazine and in that the loading arm can additionally be pivoted about a vertical axis between the receiving position next to the gun barrel and a position below and in front of the gun barrel, and in that the piecer is attached to the loading arm.
- the circulation magazine which contains a certain number of projectiles, is cyclically driven and moves one projectile after the other into the receiving position lying next to the gun.
- the loading arm pivoted about the vertical axis into the receiving position, which is essentially vertical, by means of the gripper attached to it and fixed by tensioning the gripper on the loading arm.
- the loading arm then pivots about the vertical axis into the position below and in front of the gun barrel, in order to then be pivoted upwards about the horizontal axis until the projectile is aligned with the soul axis of the gun barrel. From this position, the projectile is then transported into the cargo space of the gun barrel by means of the attachment.
- the gun can be fired after the propellant charge has been placed behind the floor and the breech closed.
- the device according to the invention is constructed from simple components.
- the entire loading process consists of simple movements, namely the gripping movement when gripping the projectile in the receiving position and two successive swiveling movements of the loading arm.
- the simple movement sequences enable a quick charging process that is in the range of 6 to 7 seconds. Because the entire loading device is coupled to the gun barrel via the horizontal pivot axis, it can follow the elevation, so that the gun does not have to be brought into an indexed loading position before each loading process, but can be loaded in any desired direction, so that a high cadence is possible. Since the attachment is also attached to the loading arm, it follows all movements of the loading arm, ensuring that it is always correctly positioned. Furthermore, an overlapping function of the gun and the loader is avoided.
- the simple structural design it is also possible to operate the device in manual mode, for example, in order to be able to load in the event of a malfunction (power failure) or when the magazine is empty. There is also enough space for this, since the loading arm can be moved under and next to the weapon.
- the simple structure of the device also enables inexpensive retrofitting of existing guns.
- the loading arm has a conveyor which rotates parallel to it and has a driver which engages under the floor of the projectile in the receiving position and by means of which the projectile in the loading position is transported so far into the loading space of the projectile until it can be detected by the piecing device is.
- the conveyor can be a revolving chain which is attached within the loading arm and projects with its driver over the contact surface of the projectile on the loading arm in order to reach under the projectile on the ground.
- the conveyor is controlled so that the driver is in its lower position when the loading arm goes into the receiving position and the gripper grabs the projectile located there in the circulation magazine, so that the driver at the same time gets under the floor of the projectile during this movement.
- the projectile After swiveling the loading arm back about the vertical axis and swiveling it up about the horizontal axis, the projectile is advanced by means of the conveyor or the driver engaging on the floor of the floor in the direction of the cargo space until a position is reached in which the attachment can engage on the floor around it on the last section of the cargo route into the gun barrel.
- the piecing device is expediently pivotable about an axis parallel to the loading arm from a position next to the loading arm into a piecing position acting on the projectile.
- the piecer is only pivoted into this position when the projectile located on the loading arm has been advanced so far from the carrier until the piecer can attack the projectile.
- a further exemplary embodiment of the invention is characterized by a control unit which links the circulation magazine, the pivoting movements of the loading arm and the movements of the gripper and the piecer, which is coupled to the movement of the breech on the gun, so that an automatic movement sequence is possible.
- a manual drive for the loading arm, its gripper and the piecer, intended for emergency operation enables a manual loading process, which is nevertheless easier for the gunner, even in an emergency or when the circulation magazine is empty.
- the device is shown by way of example in use with a self-propelled howitzer.
- the turret 1 and the Gerflex 2 with the tube 3 and the shield 4 can be seen.
- the tower 1 sits on the vehicle via a pivot bearing 5.
- the bottom 6 can also be seen.
- the gun 2 has at its end in the turret the cargo space 7 with the base piece 8. Furthermore, the locking wedge 9 can be seen.
- the soul axis of the gun is labeled 10.
- the charging device designated as a whole by 11, is assigned to the gun 2. Beside and below the gun there is a circulation magazine 12 on the floor 6 (Figs. 1 and 2), which receives several floors 13 and transports them in an endless loop on two essentially part-circular trajectories. The direction of movement of the circulation magazine 12 is indicated by the directional arrow 14.
- the loading device 11 has a loading arm 15 which can be pivoted about a vertical axis 16 in the direction of the arrow 17 (FIG. 1). At the end of the swivel path, the loading arm reaches a receiving position on the circulation magazine (Fig. 2).
- the loading arm 15 has two clamp-like grippers 18, which in the receiving position (FIG. 2) can grip and fix a projectile in the circulation magazine.
- the loading arm can also be pivoted about a horizontal axis 19 which - as shown in FIG. 3 - intersects the core axis 10 of the gun barrel or the axis of the shield 4 in a recessed manner.
- the piecing device also has a conveyor 20 running parallel to it, for example a chain, which is provided with a nose-like driver 21. In the receiving position (Fig. 2), this driver engages under the floor of the projectile 13 to be picked up.
- a conveyor 20 running parallel to it, for example a chain, which is provided with a nose-like driver 21. In the receiving position (Fig. 2), this driver engages under the floor of the projectile 13 to be picked up.
- an attachment 22 is attached to the loading arm 15 and can be pivoted about an axis 23 (FIGS. 1 and 2) parallel to the loading arm. It is in the swiveled-out position next to the loading arm, follows its movements and is only pivoted under the floor to attach the projectile 13.
- the loading arm 15 is moved about the vertical axis 16 in the direction of arrow 17 into the receiving position (Fig. 1 and 2).
- the grippers 18 are tensioned so that they grip around the projectile jacket.
- the driver 21 has been moved under the floor of the floor 13.
- the loading arm then swings back into the position according to Figs. 1 and 3, in which the projectile 13 is located below the cargo space 7 of the gun 2 (Fig. 3). From this position, the loading arm 15 pivots about the horizontal axis 19 into the loading position according to Fig. 4.
- the grippers 18 are released and the projectile 13 by means of the conveyor 20 and the driver 21 in transported the cargo space until the floor ends approximately with the rear edge of the base piece 8. Subsequently, the insert 22 swings around the axis 23 onto the loading arm 15 and transports the projectile 13 into the gun barrel 3 (FIG. 5).
- the exemplary embodiment shown is a hydraulic telescopic attachment 22. If the projectile has reached the position shown in FIG. 5, the telescope runs back, the propellant charge is introduced into the cargo space and the locking wedge 9 is closed. Immediately after pulling back the telescope of the attachment 22, the empty loading arm 15 can be moved back into the position according to FIG. 3 and a new loading process can be started.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Laden von Geschützen, insbesondere Panzerhaubitzen, aus einem die im wesentlichen senkrecht stehenden Geschosse enthaltenden und unterhalb des Geschützrohrs angeordneten Magazin mit einem Ladearm, der einen Greifer für ein Geschoß aufweist und aus einer Aufnahmeposition am Magazin, in der er im wesentlichen senkrecht angeordnet ist, um eine etwa horizontale, zur Seelenachse des Geschützrohrs senkrechte und mit dem Geschütz verbundene Achse in eine Ladeposition schwenkbar ist, aus der das mit der Seelenachse fluchtende Geschoß mittels eines Ansetzers in den Ladungsraum des Geschützes transportierbar ist.The invention relates to a device for loading guns, in particular self-propelled howitzers, from a magazine containing the essentially vertical projectiles and arranged below the gun barrel with a loading arm which has a gripper for a projectile and from a receiving position on the magazine in which it is in the is arranged essentially vertically, about an approximately horizontal axis perpendicular to the core axis of the gun barrel and connected to the gun, into a loading position from which the projectile aligned with the core axis can be transported into the cargo space of the gun by means of a piecing device.
Für Haubitzen und Geschütze sind automatische Lader bekannt. Sie ermöglichen sämtlich ein automatisches Einbringen der Geschosse in den Ladungsraum des Geschützes. Diese Lader gestatten ferner in perfektionierter Ausführung die automatische Auswahl verschiedener Geschosse, wobei die Geschosse in der Regel aus einem entfernt stehenden Magazin abgerufen und über lange Wiege erst dem eigentlichen Ladegerät zugeführt werden. Bei allen automatischen Ladern geht es darum, bei hoher Zuverlässigkeit einen schnellen Ladevorgang ohne manuellen Eingriff zu ermöglichen. Die bekannten Lader sind konstruktiv sehr aufwendig und deshalb teuer und haben in der Regel auch einen großen Platzbedarf, so daß die Unterbringung beispielsweise in Panzerfahrzeugen Schwierigkeiten bereitet. Zudem sind sie aufgrund ihres Automatisierungsgrades in Technik und Funktion anfällig.Automatic loaders are known for howitzers and guns. They all allow the bullets to be automatically inserted into the cargo space of the gun. These loaders also allow the automatic selection of different storeys in a perfected design, the storeys usually being called up from a remote magazine and first being fed to the actual charger via a long cradle. All automatic loaders are designed to enable fast loading without any manual intervention, with high reliability. The known loaders are structurally very complex and therefore expensive and generally also require a large amount of space, so that the accommodation, for example in armored vehicles, presents difficulties. In addition, they are vulnerable due to their degree of automation in terms of technology and function.
Eine konstruktiv und funktionell einfachere Ausführung (DE-A 2 826 136) weist ein schleifenförmiges Umlaufmagazin unmittelbar unterhalb und vor dem Ladungsraum des Geschützrohrs auf. Das Geschoß wird aus einer Aufnahmeposition, in der sich das Geschoß in einer das Geschütz einschließenden Vertikalebene vor dem Ladungsraum befindet, mittels eines aufzugsartig bewegten Ladearms angehoben und dann um eine horizontale Achse, die in dem aufzugsartigen Hubarm sitzt, in die Ladeposition geschwenkt, in der das Geschoß in der Seelenachse des Geschützrohrs liegt und aus der es mittels eines am Ladearm angebrachten Ansetzers in den Ladungsraum des Geschützes transportiert wird.A structurally and functionally simpler version (DE-A 2 826 136) has a loop-shaped circulation magazine immediately below and in front of the cargo space of the gun barrel. The projectile is raised from a receiving position, in which the projectile is located in a vertical plane enclosing the cannon in front of the cargo space, by means of a loading arm moved in the manner of an elevator and then pivoted about a horizontal axis which is seated in the elevator-like lifting arm into the loading position in which the projectile lies in the inner axis of the gun barrel and from which it is transported into the cargo space of the gun by means of a piecer attached to the loading arm.
Von Nachteil bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist zunächst die Tatsache, daß sich das Umlaufmagazin vor dem Ladungsraum bzw. dem Bodenstück der Waffe befinden muß, so daß die Zugänglichkeit erschwert ist, die bei dieser speziellen bekannten Konstruktion ohnehin nur von außerhalb des Panzers gegeben ist. Besonders gravierend aber ist der Umstand, daß das Geschütz vor jedem Ladevorgang aus der Richtstellung in die Indexstellung (Elevation Null) gebracht werden muß und erst dann wieder in die Richtstellung gefahren werden kann, wodurch die Kadenz absinkt. Schließlich ist eine gesonderte Hubeinrichtung notwendig, die den Ladearm mit dem Geschoß in die Bereitschaftsstellung anhebt, bevor der Ladearm in die Ladestellung geschwenkt werden kann.The disadvantage of this known device is first of all the fact that the circulation magazine must be in front of the cargo space or the base of the weapon, so that accessibility is made more difficult, which in this special known construction is only given from outside the tank anyway. However, the fact that the gun has to be brought from the straightening position to the index position (zero elevation) before each loading process and only then can it be moved back to the straightening position is particularly serious, which reduces the cadence. Finally, a separate lifting device is necessary, which lifts the loading arm with the projectile into the ready position before the loading arm can be pivoted into the loading position.
Eine demgegenüber hinsichtlich der Raumausnutzung und der Zugänglichkeit der Waffe günstigere Ausbildung weist die den Oberbegriff bildende Vorrichtung auf (EP-A 0 141 900). Neben der Waffe ist ein Lagerbock angeordnet, an dem ein Ladearm an einer horizontalen Achse schwenkbar gelagert ist. Am Ladearm wiederum ist an einer vertikalen Achse eine Ladeschale mit Greifer schwenkbar angeordnet. Der Ladevorgang läuft wie folgt ab: Der etwa senkrecht stehende Greifer entnimmt in der Aufnahmeposition seitlich neben dem Geschütz ein Geschoß aus dem Umlaufmagazin. Die Ladeschale schwenkt dann um die senkrechte Achse in eine Position hinter dem Geschütz und anschließend um eine horizontale Achse in die Ladeposition. Für den Ladevorgang muß auch hier das Geschütz in die Indexstellung gefahren werden und die Ladeschale auf die Seelenachse ausgerichtet werden. Ferner muß die Ladeschale mit einem turmfest angeordneten Ansetzer ausgefluchtet werden bzw. es muß der Ansetzer in Flucht der in Indexstellung befindlichen Waffe im Turm montiert sein.In contrast, the device forming the preamble has a more favorable design with regard to the use of space and the accessibility of the weapon (EP-A 0 141 900). In addition to the weapon, a bearing block is arranged, on which a loading arm is pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis. A charging cradle with gripper is in turn arranged on the loading arm on a vertical axis. The loading process is as follows: In the pick-up position, the approximately vertical gripper takes a bullet from the circulation magazine next to the gun. The charging cradle then pivots about the vertical axis into a position behind the gun and then about a horizontal axis into the loading position. For the charging process, the gun must also be moved to the index position and the charging cradle aligned with the axis of the soul. Furthermore, the charging cradle must be aligned with a turret-mounted attachment, or the attachment must be mounted in alignment with the weapon in the index position.
Es ist bei einer anderen Vorrichtung bekannt (EP-A 0 178 484), je eine Ladeschale für Geschosse und Treibladungen an einem Transferarm an einer waffenparallelen Achse zu lagern und den Transferarm wiederum an einer die Seelenachse der Waffe schneidenden und mit der Waffe verbundenen horizontalen Achse zu lagern, so daß die Ladeschalen der Elevation der Waffe folgen können. Hier sind jedoch Geschosse und Treibladungen schon im Magazin horizontal ausgerichtet und hinter der Waffe und innerhalb des Turms angeordnet, so daß der Transferarm nur eine einfache Schwenkbewegung zwischen der Aufnahmeposition, die etwa der Indexstellung der Waffe entspricht, und der Ladeposition in der Richtstellung ausführen muß. Auch läßt dieser Stand der Technik offen, wo der Ansetzer angeordnet ist und wie folglich Geschoß und Treibladung in die Waffe gelangen.In another device (EP-A 0 178 484) it is known to mount a loading shell for projectiles and propellant charges on a transfer arm on an axis parallel to the weapon and the transfer arm in turn on a horizontal axis that intersects the core axis of the weapon and is connected to the weapon to store so that the charging cradles can follow the elevation of the weapon. Here, however, projectiles and propellant charges are already aligned horizontally in the magazine and arranged behind the weapon and inside the turret, so that the transfer arm only has to perform a simple pivoting movement between the receiving position, which corresponds approximately to the index position of the weapon, and the loading position in the correct position. This prior art also leaves open where the rammer is located and how the projectile and propellant thus get into the weapon.
Schließlich ist die Vorrichtung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt (JP-A 53.33000), bei der großkalibrige zweiteilige Munition, die in zwei teilkreisförmigen Magazinen senkrecht stehend untergebracht und in eine Aufnahmeposition unmittelbar unterhalb des Gechützes transportiert wird. An einer horizontalen Schwenkachse, die mit der Schildachse des Geschützes zusammenfällt, ist ein Ladearm schwenkbar aufgehängt, der gleichzeitig beide Munitionsteile (Treibladung und Geschoß) mittels Greifer erfaßt und nach Hochschwenken um die horizontale Achse in eine mit der Seelenachse fluchtende Ladeposition verbringt. Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, daß das Geschütz in jeder Richtstellung geladen werden kann und nicht stets in die Indexstellung zurückgefahren werden muß. Von Nachteil sind die relativ geringe Kapazität des Magazins und die beengten Platzverhältnisse.Finally, the device according to the preamble of
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, mit einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln und überschaubaren Bewegungsabläufen den Ladevorgang zu bewerkstelligen und dabei eine kostengünstige und platzsparende Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die ein Laden in jeder beliebigen Richtstellung des Geschützes gestattet.The invention has for its object to accomplish the loading process with simple constructive means and manageable movements and thereby create an inexpensive and space-saving device that a La which is permitted in any desired position of the gun.
Ausgehend von der eingangs genannten Vorrichtung wird die vorgenannte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Magazin als Umlaufmagazin ausgebildet ist, und daß der Ladearm zusätzlich um eine senkrechte Achse zwischen der Aufnahmeposition neben dem Geschützrohr und einer Position unterhalb und vor dem Geschützrohr schwenkbar ist, und daß der Ansetzer am Ladearm angebracht ist.Based on the device mentioned in the introduction, the aforementioned object is achieved according to the invention in that the magazine is designed as a circulation magazine and in that the loading arm can additionally be pivoted about a vertical axis between the receiving position next to the gun barrel and a position below and in front of the gun barrel, and in that the piecer is attached to the loading arm.
Das Umlaufmagazin, das eine bestimmte Anzahl von Geschossen enthält, ist taktweise angetrieben und bewegt ein Geschoß nach dem anderen in die neben dem Geschütz liegende Aufnahmeposition. Dort wird es von dem um die senkrechte Achse in die Aufnahmeposition verschwenkten Ladearm, der im wesentlichen senkrecht steht, mittels des daran angebrachten Greifers erfaßt und durch Spannen des Greifers am Ladearm festgelegt. Der Ladearm schwenkt dann um die senkrechte Achse in die Position unterhalb und vor dem Geschützrohr, um anschließend um die horizontale Achse nach oben geschwenkt zu werden, bis das Geschoß mit der Seelenachse des Geschützrohrs fluchtet. Aus dieser Position wird dann das Geschoß mittels des Ansetzers in den Ladungsraum des Geschützrohrs transportiert. Nach Einbringen der Treibladung hinter den Geschoßboden und Schließen des Verschlusses kann die Waffe abgefeuert werden.The circulation magazine, which contains a certain number of projectiles, is cyclically driven and moves one projectile after the other into the receiving position lying next to the gun. There it is gripped by the loading arm pivoted about the vertical axis into the receiving position, which is essentially vertical, by means of the gripper attached to it and fixed by tensioning the gripper on the loading arm. The loading arm then pivots about the vertical axis into the position below and in front of the gun barrel, in order to then be pivoted upwards about the horizontal axis until the projectile is aligned with the soul axis of the gun barrel. From this position, the projectile is then transported into the cargo space of the gun barrel by means of the attachment. The gun can be fired after the propellant charge has been placed behind the floor and the breech closed.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist aus einfachen Bauteilen aufgebaut. Der gesamte Ladevorgang besteht aus einfachen Bewegungsabläufen, nämlich die Greifbewegung beim Erfassen des Geschosses in der Aufnahmeposition und zwei nacheinander ablaufenden Schwenkbewegungen des Ladearms. Durch die einfachen Bewegungsabläufe ist ein schneller Ladevorgang möglich, der im Bereich von 6 bis 7 Sekunden liegt. Dadurch, daß die gesamte Ladevorrichtung über die horizontale Schwenkachse mit dem Geschützrohr gekoppelt ist, kann sie der Elevation folgen, so daß das Geschütz nicht vor jedem Ladevorgang in eine indexierte Ladestellung gebracht werden muß, sondern in jeder beliebigen Richtstellung geladen werden kann, so daß eine hohe Kadenz möglich ist. Da auch der Ansetzer am Ladearm angebracht ist, folgt er sämtlichen Bewegungen des Ladearms wodurch sichergestellt ist, daß er stets richtig positioniert ist. Ferner ist insoweit eine überschneidende Funktion von Geschütz und Lader vermieden. Durch den einfachen konstruktiven Aufbau ist es ferner möglich, die Vorrichtung auch im Handbetrieb zu bedienen, um beispielsweise auch im Störfall (Stromausfall) oder bei leergelaufenem Magazin laden zu können. Hierfür ist auch ausreichend Platz vorhanden, da der Ladearm unter und neben die Waffe bewegt werden kann. Schließlich ermöglicht der einfache Aufbau der Vorrichtung auch ein preiswertes Nachrüsten an vorhandenen Geschützen.The device according to the invention is constructed from simple components. The entire loading process consists of simple movements, namely the gripping movement when gripping the projectile in the receiving position and two successive swiveling movements of the loading arm. The simple movement sequences enable a quick charging process that is in the range of 6 to 7 seconds. Because the entire loading device is coupled to the gun barrel via the horizontal pivot axis, it can follow the elevation, so that the gun does not have to be brought into an indexed loading position before each loading process, but can be loaded in any desired direction, so that a high cadence is possible. Since the attachment is also attached to the loading arm, it follows all movements of the loading arm, ensuring that it is always correctly positioned. Furthermore, an overlapping function of the gun and the loader is avoided. Due to the simple structural design, it is also possible to operate the device in manual mode, for example, in order to be able to load in the event of a malfunction (power failure) or when the magazine is empty. There is also enough space for this, since the loading arm can be moved under and next to the weapon. Finally, the simple structure of the device also enables inexpensive retrofitting of existing guns.
Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß der Ladearm einen zu ihm parallel umlaufenden Förderer mit einem in der Aufnahmeposition den Boden des Geschosses untergreifenden Mitnehmer aufweist, mittels dessen das in Ladeposition befindliche Geschoß so weit in den Ladungsraum des Geschosses transportiert ist, bis es vom Ansetzer erfaßbar ist.According to one embodiment, it is provided that the loading arm has a conveyor which rotates parallel to it and has a driver which engages under the floor of the projectile in the receiving position and by means of which the projectile in the loading position is transported so far into the loading space of the projectile until it can be detected by the piecing device is.
Bei dem Förderer kann es sich im einfachsten Fall um eine umlaufende Kette handeln, die innerhalb des Ladearms angebracht ist und mit ihrem Mitnehmer über die Auflagefläche des Geschosses am Ladearm hinausragt, um das Geschoß am Boden zu untergreifen. Der Förderer wird so gesteuert, daß der Mitnehmer sich in seiner unteren Position befindet, wenn der Ladearm in die Aufnahmeposition geht und der Greifer das dort im Umlaufmagazin befindliche Geschoß ergreift, so daß der Mitnehmer bei dieser Bewegung zugleich unter den Boden des Geschosses gelangt. Nach Zurückschwenken des Ladearms um die senkrechte Achse und Hoch schwenken um die horizontale Achse wird das Geschoß mittels des Förderers bzw. des am Geschoßboden angreifenden Mitnehmers in Richtung zum Ladungsraum vorgeschoben, bis eine Position erreicht ist, in der Ansetzer am Geschoß angreifen kann, um dieses auf den letzten Abschnitt des Ladungsweges in das Geschützrohr zu bringen.In the simplest case, the conveyor can be a revolving chain which is attached within the loading arm and projects with its driver over the contact surface of the projectile on the loading arm in order to reach under the projectile on the ground. The conveyor is controlled so that the driver is in its lower position when the loading arm goes into the receiving position and the gripper grabs the projectile located there in the circulation magazine, so that the driver at the same time gets under the floor of the projectile during this movement. After swiveling the loading arm back about the vertical axis and swiveling it up about the horizontal axis, the projectile is advanced by means of the conveyor or the driver engaging on the floor of the floor in the direction of the cargo space until a position is reached in which the attachment can engage on the floor around it on the last section of the cargo route into the gun barrel.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Ansetzer um eine zum Ladearm parallele Achse aus einer Position neben dem Ladearm in eine am Geschoß angreifende Ansetzerposition schwenkbar. In diese Position wird der Ansetzer erst dann geschwenkt, wenn das auf dem Ladearm befindliche Geschoß so weit von dem Mitnehmer vorgeschoben ist, bis der Ansetzer am Geschoß angreifen kann.The piecing device is expediently pivotable about an axis parallel to the loading arm from a position next to the loading arm into a piecing position acting on the projectile. The piecer is only pivoted into this position when the projectile located on the loading arm has been advanced so far from the carrier until the piecer can attack the projectile.
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung zeichnet sich aus durch eine die Weiterschaltung des Umlaufmagazins, die Schwenkbewegungen des Ladearms und die Bewegungen des Greifers und des Ansetzers miteinander verknüpfende Steurung, die mit der Bewegung des Verschlusses am Geschütz gekoppelt ist, so daß ein automatischer Bewegungsablauf möglich ist. Durch einen für den Notbetrieb vorgesehenen Handantrieb für den Ladearm, dessen Greifer und den Ansetzer ist auch im Notfall oder bei Leerlaufen des Umlaufmagazins ein manueller, für den Kanonier gleichwohl erleichterter Ladevorgang möglich.A further exemplary embodiment of the invention is characterized by a control unit which links the circulation magazine, the pivoting movements of the loading arm and the movements of the gripper and the piecer, which is coupled to the movement of the breech on the gun, so that an automatic movement sequence is possible. A manual drive for the loading arm, its gripper and the piecer, intended for emergency operation, enables a manual loading process, which is nevertheless easier for the gunner, even in an emergency or when the circulation magazine is empty.
Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand einer in der Zeichnung wiedergegebenen Ausführungsform beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Abb. leine schematische Draufsicht auf die Ausführungsform bei Verwendung im Turm eines Panzerfahrzeugs vor Beginn eines Ladevorgangs;
- Abb. 2eine der Abb. 1 entsprechende Darstellung während des Ladevorgangs;
- Abb. 3eine schematische Seitenansicht zu der Darstellung gemäß Abb. 1 und 2 in einer Zwischenstellung während des Ladevorgangs;
- Abb. 4eine der
Abbildung 3 entsprechende Ansicht mit der VBorrichtung in Ladeposition; - Abb. 5eine den
Abbildungen 2 und 3 entsprechende Ansicht gegen Ende des Ladevorgangs und - Abb. 6eine entsprechende Ansicht nach dem Ladevorgang.
- Fig. A schematic plan view of the embodiment when used in the tower of an armored vehicle before the start of a loading process;
- Fig. 2 shows a representation corresponding to Fig. 1 during the charging process;
- 3 shows a schematic side view of the illustration according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in an intermediate position during the charging process;
- Fig. 4 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 with the V device in the loading position;
- Fig. 5 a view corresponding to Figs. 2 and 3 towards the end of the loading process and
- Fig. 6 a corresponding view after the loading process.
In der Zeichnung ist die Vorrichtung beispielhaft in Anwendung bei einer Panzerhaubitze gezeigt. Es wird zunächst auf Abb. 3 Bezug genommen. Dort sind der Geschützturm 1 und das Gerschütz 2 mit dem Rohr 3 sowie das Schild 4 erkennbar. Der Turm 1 sitzt über ein Drehlager 5 auf dem Fahrzeug. Ferner ist der Boden 6 erkennbar.In the drawing, the device is shown by way of example in use with a self-propelled howitzer. Reference is first made to Fig. 3. There the
Das Geschütz 2 weist an seinem im Turm liegenden Ende den Ladungsraum 7 mit dem Bodenstück 8 auf. Ferner ist der Verschlußkeil 9 erkennbar. Die Seelenachse des Geschützes ist mit 10 bezeichnet.The
Dem Geschütz 2 ist die insgesamt mit 11 bezeichnete Ladevorrichtung zugeordnet. Neben und unterhalb des Geschützes steht auf dem Boden 6 ein Umlaufmagazin 12 (Abb. 1 und 2), das mehrere Geschosse 13 aufnimmt und diese in einer endlosen Schleife auf zwei im wesentlichen teilkreisförmigen Bewegungsbahnen transportiert. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Umlaufmagazins 12 ist mit dem Richtungspfeil 14 angedeutet.The charging device, designated as a whole by 11, is assigned to the
Die Ladevorrichtung 11 weist einen Ladearm 15 auf, der um eine senkrechte Achse 16 in Richtung des Pfeils 17 (Abb. 1) schwenkbar ist. Am Ende des Schwenkwegs erreicht der Ladearm eine Aufnahmeposition am Umlaufmagazin (Abb. 2).The
Der Ladearm 15 weist beim wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel zwei jeweils klammerartige Greifer 18 auf, die in der Aufnahmeposition(Abb.2) ein Geschoß im Umlaufmagazin ergreifen und fixieren können. Der Ladearm ist ferner um eine horizontale Achse 19 schwenkbar, die - wie Abb. 3 zeigt - die Seelenachse 10 des Geschützrohrs bzw. die Achse des Schildes 4 senkreicht schneidet.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the
Der Ansetzer weist ferner einen parallel zu ihm verlaufenden Förderer 20, beispielsweise eine Kette auf, die mit einem nasenartigen Mitnehmer 21 versehen ist. Dieser Mitnehmer untergreift in der Aufnahmeposition (Abb. 2) den Boden des aufzunehmenden Geschosses 13. Ferner ist am Ladearm 15 ein Ansetzer 22 angebracht, der um eine zum Ladearm parallele Achse 23 (Abb. 1 und 2) schwenkbar ist. Er befindet sich in der ausgeschwenkten Position neben dem Ladearm, macht dessen Bewegungsabläufe mit und wird lediglich zum Ansetzen des Geschosses 13 unter dessen Boden verschwenkt.The piecing device also has a
Nachstehend ist die Betriebsweise der Vorrichtung beschrieben:The operation of the device is described below:
Aus der Position gemäß Abb. 1 wird der Ladearm 15 um die senkrechte Achse 16 in Richtung des Pfeils 17 in die Aufnahmeposition bewegt (Abb. 1 und 2). In dieser Position werden die Greifer 18 gespannt, so daß sie den Geschoßmantel umgreifen. Zugleich ist der Mitnehmer 21 unter den Boden des Geschosses 13 bewegt worden. Anschließend schwenkt der Ladearm in die Position gemäß Abb. 1 und 3 zurück, bei der sich das Geschoß 13 unterhalb des Ladungsraums 7 des Geschützes 2 befindet (Abb. 3). Aus dieser Position schwenkt der Ladearm 15 um die horizontale Achse 19 in die Ladeposition gemäß Abb. 4. Sobald die Geschoßachse mit der Seelenachse 10 des Geschützrohrs 3 fluchtet, werden die Greifer 18 gelöst und das Geschoß 13 mittels des Förderers 20 und des Mitnehmers 21 in den Ladungsraum transportiert, bis der Geschoßboden etwa mit der Hinterkante des Bodenstücks 8 abschließt. Anschließend schwenkt der Ansezter 22 um die Achse 23 auf den Ladearm 15 ein und transportiert das Geschoß 13 in das Geschützrohr 3 (Abb. 5). Beim wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um einen hydraulischen Teleskop-Ansetzer 22. Hat das Geschoß die Position gemäß Abb. 5 erreicht, so läuft das Teleskop zurück, wird die Treibladung in den Ladungsraum eingebracht und der Verschlußkeil 9 geschlossen. Unmittelbar nach dem Zurückziehen des Teleskops des Ansetzers 22 kann der leere Ladearm 15 wieder in die Position gemäß Abb. 3 zurückbewegt und ein neuer Ladevorgang begonnen werden.From the position shown in Fig. 1, the
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3627042 | 1986-08-09 | ||
DE19863627042 DE3627042A1 (en) | 1986-08-09 | 1986-08-09 | DEVICE FOR LOADING GUNS, IN PARTICULAR HOWBOWS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0256250A1 EP0256250A1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
EP0256250B1 true EP0256250B1 (en) | 1990-08-29 |
Family
ID=6307055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87108858A Expired - Lifetime EP0256250B1 (en) | 1986-08-09 | 1987-06-20 | Device for loading cannons, especially armour-plated cannons |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4823675A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0256250B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3627042A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3627261A1 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-18 | Porsche Ag | Device for loading a gun |
DE3701091A1 (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1988-07-28 | Kuka Wehrtechnik Gmbh | FIGHTING VEHICLE |
DE3717857A1 (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-12-15 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | AUTOMATIC LOADING DEVICE FOR A TUBE ARM |
DE3932130A1 (en) * | 1989-09-27 | 1991-04-04 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | CHARGING DEVICE FOR MODULAR DRIVE CHARGING |
ATE101260T1 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1994-02-15 | Kuka Wehrtechnik Gmbh | DEVICE FOR LOADING TUBE WEAPONS, ESPECIALLY ARMORED HOWITZES. |
US5131316A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1992-07-21 | General Electric Company | Autoloading apparatus for tank cannon |
CA2070510A1 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-13 | Keith Edward Lawrence | Apparatus for autoloading tank cannons |
US5261310A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-11-16 | General Electric Co. | Apparatus for autoloading tank cannons |
US6513415B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2003-02-04 | United Defense Lp | Propellant retention device |
SE520361C2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-07-01 | Alvis Haegglunds Ab | Device for transferring coarse-caliber ammunition from an ammunition magazine to a charging position on a coarse-caliber weapon |
US6752063B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-06-22 | United Defense, L.P. | Multiple cell ammunition cradle |
DE10258263B4 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-01-19 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | firing module |
DE102006041602B8 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-05-29 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | In a military ship integrated, large-caliber gun |
Citations (3)
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EP0141900A1 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-05-22 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret |
EP0178484A1 (en) * | 1984-10-13 | 1986-04-23 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Loading device for ordnances |
JPH05333000A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1993-12-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Ultrasonic flaw detector |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1304583A (en) * | 1919-05-27 | Gun-loading device | ||
DE215282C (en) * | 1907-12-31 | |||
US2499271A (en) * | 1944-02-07 | 1950-02-28 | Molins Machine Co Ltd | Ammunition feeding device for ordnance |
US3884119A (en) * | 1955-05-02 | 1975-05-20 | Aai Corp | Loading device for guns |
DE1301742B (en) * | 1966-01-26 | 1969-08-21 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Magazine for guns built into armored domes |
GB1523432A (en) * | 1971-10-29 | 1978-08-31 | Marconi Co Ltd | Turret gun arrangements |
SE397220B (en) * | 1974-10-18 | 1977-10-24 | Bofors Ab | DEVICE FOR A FAST TRANSFER OF A SHOT FROM A MAGAZINE TO A TANK TO THE CONTRACTING DOCUMENT AT THE WAGON'S FIREARMS |
DE2826136C3 (en) * | 1978-06-15 | 1982-03-04 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Device for the transport of ammunition from an armored vehicle to a top-mounted gun fixed on a platform |
DE2852704C1 (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1986-01-09 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Ammunition transport device for a top mounted gun |
SE431794B (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1984-02-27 | Bofors Ab | DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF A EMPLOYEE HEAD IN ITS DIRECTION |
DE3168783D1 (en) * | 1980-08-27 | 1985-03-21 | Fmc Corp | Automatic large caliber ammunition loading system |
US4388854A (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1983-06-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ammunition storage and transfer mechanism |
US4481862A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-11-13 | Fmc Corporation | Automatic loading system for fixed ammunition at gun elevation |
US4690031A (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1987-09-01 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Automatic loader for an armored vehicle having a rotatable turret |
-
1986
- 1986-08-09 DE DE19863627042 patent/DE3627042A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-06-20 EP EP87108858A patent/EP0256250B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-06-20 DE DE8787108858T patent/DE3764581D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-08-10 US US07/083,289 patent/US4823675A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0141900A1 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-05-22 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Automatic loading device for an armoured vehicle with rotatable armoured turret |
EP0178484A1 (en) * | 1984-10-13 | 1986-04-23 | Rheinmetall GmbH | Loading device for ordnances |
JPH05333000A (en) * | 1992-05-28 | 1993-12-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Ultrasonic flaw detector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0256250A1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
US4823675A (en) | 1989-04-25 |
DE3627042A1 (en) | 1988-02-11 |
DE3764581D1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
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