Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
  • E21B23/14—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or a cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
  • E21B23/08—Introducing or running tools by fluid pressure, e.g. through-the-flow-line tool systems
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
  • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
  • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a system making it possible to carry out measurements or / and interventions in a well at the level of the surrounding formations, and more particularly measurements of noise or vibrations for which the instruments must be mechanically decoupled from the casing by which mechanical waves are transmitted, especially from the surface.
• the measurements carried out can, for example, include the triaxial recording of the noises produced by the rocks thus placed under stress.
• the analysis of the detected vibrations makes it possible to define the orientation of the noise source and consequently the direction of propagation of the fracture. This analysis technique is well known to geophysicists and will not be described here in more detail.
• the invention is particularly applicable when it is a question of making measurements, such as vibration measurements, at the level of geological formations of a well located in an area, or close to an area of this well or another well where hydraulic fracturing is practiced.
• the measurements carried out may also include the recording of the pressure and the background temperature, the measurement (focused or not) of the electrical resistivity of the formations, etc.
• One of the objects of the invention is to provide a device making it possible to move a measuring or intervention instrument in a well area.
• This system which can be operated remotely from the surface between a first position and a second position distinct from the first comprises in particular a body inside which a support is placed.
• the body cooperating with the support to ensure a displacement of the support relative to the body, the travel of the support being limited by means of two stops integral with the body.
• the support being mechanically connected to said set of instruments by a shaft, the system being devoid of reversible locking means.
• the system may include hydraulic means allowing movement of the support relative to the body by pumping fluid.
• the interior of the body may have a cylindrical shape.
• the body may be produced in a tube comprising a tubular clearance, the dimensions of the clearance being greater than the dimensions of the tube.
• the system could include return means, such as a spring, making it possible to assign by default to the support One or the other of the positions defined above.
• the support may include a guide for centering the bar and means suitable for securing the support bar, these securing means can be erased, that is to say being erasable.
• the device may include an electrical transmission cable connected to the surface, one end of which has a plug-in connection plug in a liquid medium, adapted to cooperate with a complementary socket secured to the support. , the complementary socket being connected to said assembly by an electrical connection cable.
• the securing means may include a drive member and a receiving member cooperating with the drive member, the drive member being integral with the load bar and being actuated from the surface by means of a control line.
• the system may include destructive support locking means in the first position, the means being erased to allow measurement or intervention of the assembly.
• first zone in which said assembly is located is hydraulically isolated from a zone outside this first zone.
• the support can be adapted to cooperate with the body to achieve a sealing and preventing any flow of fluid in one direction and / and in the other direction between the first zone and the external zone.
• the system may include means making it possible to dampen the movements of the support in the vicinity of the stops.
• the invention also provides a method of measuring or intervention in a well using a set of instruments in which a displacement system is used which does not have reversible locking means and in which the said well is introduced into the well.
• assembly placed at the lower end of a casing this assembly being connected to a complementary socket by an electrical connection cable, the socket being secured to the support, the shaft connecting this support to the set of instruments being flexible, then a pulling cable and a transmission cable fitted with an electrical connection member adapted to be connected to the support and to the complementary socket are introduced into the casing, the system being in the second position, the first position being located between the second position and the surface, following the casing.
• This method is notably characterized in that a traction is exerted on the traction cable so as to place the support in the first position, the shaft being tensioned, then the set of instruments is immobilized relative to the wall of the well while maintaining traction, and the traction of the shaft is released by bringing the support to the second position before performing the measurement or / and the intervention.
• the compression zone may be delimited by means of at least one expandable annular sealing member placed between the casing and the wall and depending on whether The set is not or is located in said zone, the zone in which the set of instruments is located is isolated or not isolated. compression.
• FIG. 1 shows in detail an embodiment of a system according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically the phase of descent into the well of the set of instruments and of the system according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows schematically, substantially in the measurement or / and intervention position of the assembly, the phase of connection and anchoring to the support of the transmission cable,
• FIG. 4 schematizes the lifting phase of the assembly just before anchoring it to the well
• FIG. 5 shows diagrammatically the phase of loosening of the connecting cable located between the assembly and the support according to the invention.
• the reference 6 represents the casing, placed inside a well, which comprises the system allowing the displacement of an assembly comprising a or several measuring or intervention instruments.
• This system comprises a support 9 to which is suspended by a connecting shaft, such as a flexible flexible shaft, or a cable 13 an instrumentation assembly (not shown) and a body 6a integral with the casing 6 inside which slides the guided support 9 of the set of instruments.
• the support 9, as well as the internal shoulders 11 and 12, has recesses or bores allowing a hydraulic fluid to flow throughout the casing 6, around the centering guide 8, in the two positions of the probe 2 .
• This centering guide 8 may include a tubular support as illustrated in the figures.
• the support 9 like all the elements which are integral with it, such as the centering guide 8, can cooperate with the body 6a to come into contact with the stops 11 and 12.
• the support is in a first position when it is in contact with the upper stop 11 and that it is in a second position when it is in contact with the bottom stop 12.
• the internal shape of the body 6a like that outside of the support 9 is advantageously cylindrical, but any other shape can be used allowing the support 9 to slide in the body 6a placed in the casing 6.
• the movement of the support can be controlled from the surface by a traction cable 17.
• the traction cable 17 which passes inside the casing can only be put in place long after the displacement system has been lowered into the well, therefore, the mechanical connection allowing securing the cable to the support must be removable.
• the cable 17 is provided at its lower end with a load or ballasting bar 16, allowing the cable 17 to descend into the casing 6.
• the bar 16 is centered by a guide 8 which may, as shown here, but not necessarily, be integral with the support 9.
• the load bar 16 is centered in the guide 8, it is secured to the support by means of any suitable device, such as locking dogs 15a secured to the bar 16 and cooperating with notches 8a, located in the support 9, or in the centering guide 8, when the latter is secured to the support.
• any suitable device such as locking dogs 15a secured to the bar 16 and cooperating with notches 8a, located in the support 9, or in the centering guide 8, when the latter is secured to the support.
• the securing means which are erasable, comprise a motor member, preferably integral with the load bar to be controlled as directly and simply as possible from a distance, and a receiving member, preferably integral with the support 9, adapted to cooperate with the driving member to ensure the joining.
• the drive member such as electric or electro-hydraulic locking dogs, is controlled from the surface by an electric line associated with the traction cable 17. Once the cable is secured to the support, it is possible to place it by traction in the first position. The return of the support to the second position is effected by the action on the support of the gravitational forces or of the hydraulic forces produced by a sufficient circulation of fluid.
• the support 9 and the flared part of the centering guide 8 are provided channels 9b and 8b respectively, suitably sized, allowing the passage of drilling fluid, in particular with a view to producing hydraulic fracturing in an area placed below the level of the support.
• the mooring of the cable 17 to the support 9 is of great interest when it is desired to connect the set of instruments to the surface.
• the cable 13 can be provided with power supply lines and / or measurement transmission lines, such as electrically conductive lines, connected to a male connection plug 14 secured to the support 9 and cooperating with a complementary female socket 15 placed on the load bar 16, which socket 15 is connected to the surface by transmission lines associated with the traction cable 17.
• the plug 14 and the socket 15 are placed in the axis of the support and are connected during attachment to the support 9 of the traction cable 17 provided with the load bar 16.
• the support 9 comprises hydraulic means suitable for pumping the support, such as seals or water passage restrictions, it is possible, by pumping fluid either in the casing or in the annular zone, to bring the support 9 into the 'one and the other of the positions, without resorting to a traction cable.
• the Free end of the cable to be connected to the support may be provided with a motor plug, allowing the fluid pumping means to move the free end of the cable.
• Figure 2 shows schematically the phase of descent into the well of the set of instruments and the system for moving this set placed at the lower end of a casing.
• the well 1 is equipped over a certain length with a casing 4 terminated by the shoe 5 at its lower part.
• the set of instruments 2 comprises a logging probe, but it could also include a television camera, or an intervention instrument such as, for example, a punching tool, etc.
• annular sealing member 7, radially expandable, which may be of a conventional type (packer) is placed at the lower end of the casing 6.
• This member is for example obtained by axial displacement of the casing 6, causing the spacing of the packer anchoring corners.
• a packer with hydraulic anchoring of a known type for example the AD1 model offered by the company BAKER OIL TOOLS.
• this member 7 In its expansion position, this member 7 is pressed against the wall of the casing 4.
• the support 9, surmounted by a centering guide 8, is housed in the casing 6.
• the probe 2 is connected to the support 9 by a flexible connection, that is to say of negligible stiffness which, in the illustrated embodiment, is formed by a support cable 13 passing through an axial passage 7a of L ' organ 7.
• the cable 13 contains electrical supply and measurement transmission conductors which electrically connect the probe 2 to a male electrical plug 14, multi-contact, disposed on the support 9.
• This male plug is suitable for receiving a complementary female socket. 15 surmounted by a load bar or ballast 16.
• the probe 2 could, for example, be of known type and include articulated anchoring arms 18, 19 folded along the probe body when this probe is lowered into the well, these arms being deployed hydraulically by electric remote control from the surface , via cables 17 and 13. When you want to place the probe 2 in its working position shown in Figure 5, the arms 18 and 19 are then anchored in the wall of the well and press the probe 2 against this wall on the diametrically opposite side. These arms may be connected to one or more pads applying against the wall of the well.
• this probe could in particular include triaxial dynamic accelerometers, recording the components A, A and A of the following noise three axes perpendicular to each other and pressure sensors measuring respectively the hydrostatic pressure prevailing in the well outside the probe and the pressure of application of the arms 18 and 19 against the wall.
• This probe may also include sensors determining in a known manner its inclination to the vertical (static accelerometers or inclinometers) and the orientation of a reference generator of this probe ("tool face") relative to the direction of magnetic north ( triaxial agnometers, or compass).
• FIG. 2 illustrates the first step in which the fastening of the packer 7 to the lower end of the casing 6 is first carried out on the surface.
• the support 9 provided with the centering guide 8 is then introduced into the latter, arranged vertically. , by passing through the packer 7 the electrical cable 13 previously connected to the support 9.
• the probe (or intervention tool) 2 is then fixed under the packer 7, at the lower end of the cable 13, and is thus suspended under the casing 6.
• the assembly is then gradually lowered into the well 1 from the drilling tower 23, by adding successive casing elements 6 until the probe 2 reaches the desired depth, substantially at the level of the shoe 5 as regards the Figure 2, The number of casing elements 6 connected end to end to know at any time The depth reached.
• the packer 7 is anchored to the lower end of the casing 4 (Fig. 2).
• the casing 6 is connected at its upper part to a pipe 24 for supplying pressurized hydraulic fluid and is provided at its top with a safety shutter or cable gland 25 in which the cable 17 supporting the assembly is slid formed by the load bar 16 and the female socket 15, until the latter comes to be connected to the male plug 14 fixed on the support 9 which supports the probe, the centering guide 8 ensuring guiding of the assembly 15-16 to facilitate this connection (Fig. 3).
• Interlocking or mechanical connection members 15a and 8a are respectively adapted to the socket 15 and to the internal wall of the guide 8, these members being adapted to be released under the action of a command from the surface.
• the cable 17 is unwound from the surface from a winch 26. Between the winch 26 and the shutter 25, the cable 17 passes over the return pulleys 27 and 28.
• the opening of the articulated arms 18 and 19 is remote controlled from the station 29 by means of the cables 17 and 13.
• the ends of these arms are anchored in the wall of the well 1, by pressing the probe 2 against the portion of wall diametrically opposite to these arms (Fig. 5).
• a distance between stops of 50 cm may be sufficient to mechanically decouple the probe from its support.
• the stroke of the support 9 inside the body 8a may be several meters.
• the remote control signals of the probe 2 from the surface, as well as the measurement signals coming from the probe 2 and the electric current supplying it, are respectively transmitted from, and to the surface station 29 via the conductors incorporated in cables 13 and 17, the electrical connection between these conductors and the station 29 being produced in a known manner by a set of brushes rubbing on slip rings integral with the shaft of the winch 26.
• the hydraulic fracturing of the formations located under the packer 7 can be carried out by pumping hydraulic fluid under pressure through the pipe 24 located on the surface.
• the surface is closed by closing the articulated arms 18 and 19.
• the traction cable 17 is separated from the support 9 by producing the unlocking of the dogs from the surface, then the female electrical socket 15 is disconnected from the male plug 14. It is then possible to reassemble by means of the cable 17 the assembly constituted by the socket 15 and the load bar 16 surmounting this socket.
• the probe remains suspended under the casing 6 by the connecting cable 13.
• the casing 6 can then in turn be gradually withdrawn from the well, the elements of this casing being successively disconnected at the surface.
• sealing member 7 in an uncased area of the well which will be isolated from the rest of the well by the use of a sealing member completely closing off the well at a level below that of the instrument or probe, in its low position.
• the casing 4 descends under the total sealing member defined above.
• the casing 4 is perforated in a conventional manner, in order to allow the injected hydraulic fluid to flow through the formations located at this level.
• the support 9 must be adapted to cooperate with the body 8a to ensure a seal and prevent any flow of fluid from the fracturing coming from said fracturing zone towards said zone where the measurements or / and interventions are carried out.
• the support does not have channels 9b, or at least the support is adapted so that the fluid contained in the casing does not escape through these channels.
• a valve preventing this circulation of fluids could also be used.
• a lining placed between the support 9 and the shoulder 12 secured to the support or the body 8a makes it possible to complete this seal.
• the means for securing the load bar 16 to the support 9 are of a type requiring that the support 9 or the centering guide 8 be in contact with the shoulder 11 to allow the load bar to be detached of support.
• a device can be used to dampen the support during at least the end of its fall towards the bottom stop 12.
• a hydraulic type shock absorber may consist of two jackets, one of which is rigid with the support 9 and cooperates with another 31 secured to the body 6a to define a chamber whose fluid volume decreases when the support approaches the second position. evacuated by nozzles calibrated for this purpose.
• the device comprises a spring or any other return means allowing the support to be assigned by default the first position, when the probe is held by the support and the load bar not yet anchored. Then, under the effect of the (apparent) weight of the load bar, the spring compresses until the support reaches the second position.
• This device is particularly applicable to sets of instruments, which must be placed inside a casing during descent in order to be protected, the first position corresponding to the probe located in the casing, the second position to the probe leaving the housing and decoupled from the casing.

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• Geology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
• Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
• Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 1986
  • 1986-12-31 FR FR8618413A patent/FR2609101B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1987
  • 1987-12-29 NO NO875459A patent/NO875459L/no unknown
  • 1987-12-30 DE DE8888900695T patent/DE3778698D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-30 WO PCT/FR1987/000520 patent/WO1988005109A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1987-12-30 EP EP88900695A patent/EP0295291B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-30 US US07/257,311 patent/US4898240A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-12-31 CA CA000555721A patent/CA1315671C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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