EP0288924B1 - Leistungsversorgung für eine Entladungslampe - Google Patents

Leistungsversorgung für eine Entladungslampe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0288924B1
EP0288924B1 EP88106480A EP88106480A EP0288924B1 EP 0288924 B1 EP0288924 B1 EP 0288924B1 EP 88106480 A EP88106480 A EP 88106480A EP 88106480 A EP88106480 A EP 88106480A EP 0288924 B1 EP0288924 B1 EP 0288924B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
lamp
signal
flop
transistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88106480A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0288924A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Déglon
Werner Schneiter
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Omega Electronics SA
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Omega Electronics SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/2825—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage
    • H05B41/2828—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage using control circuits for the switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3927—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by pulse width modulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying a discharge lamp provided with first and second electrodes, said device comprising a first generator capable of supplying a voltage pulse capable of creating the initiation of the discharge in the lamp. and a second generator capable of maintaining a discharge current in the lamp.
  • This holding generator which is a current source, is supplied from a DC voltage source and essentially comprises a cascade of two transistors which drive continuously when a setpoint signal is sent to the input of the first transistor.
  • the duration of application of the setpoint signal (which can be a video signal for example) conditions the period during which the current source conducts, period which can be of the order of 14 ms for a lamp giving its full brightness, period followed by a train of periods of similar duration if the lamp is to remain lit at this full brightness.
  • a voltage source from the network is used to supply the lamp, a voltage source of which the two half-waves are rectified. No filter is provided after rectification.
  • the cited power system provides, as is the case in the present invention, a switching generator provided with a transistor and a diode.
  • the control of the current in the lamp is carried out in a completely different manner from that described in the present invention, in the sense that, in the cited document, each time that the maximum current is reached, the transistor switch is triggered, this switch being triggered again when a minimum current is reached.
  • This results in a switching frequency which is essentially variable (between 10 and 40 kHz, depending on the text of the cited patent). Unlike this, the switching frequency of the present invention is fixed.
  • the lamp is supplied from a DC voltage and from a fixed frequency switching system.
  • this voltage is neither rectified nor filtered and the frequency of the chopping is essentially variable. This would not be suitable for supplying the light points of a large matrix display panel, where it is necessary to control with precision the states of several light sources close to each other.
  • the second generator comprises a first electrical circuit comprising the putting in series of a first DC voltage source, a first switch and a second switch, said first and second switches being arranged in such a way that when the first is closed, the second is open and vice versa, and a second electrical circuit comprising the placing in series of an inductor and of said lamp, connected in parallel to said second switch, that said switches are actuated by a first control device supplied with an alternating signal of fixed period T1 coming from an oscillator and that means are provided for measuring a value which is representative of the current flowing in the lamp, for comparing said representative value with a reference value supplied by a second DC voltage source U3 and to provide an equality signal when said values are sensiblemen t identical, said first control device using said equality signal and disposing said first switch first in a closed state during a first period T a which extends from the start of said fixed period T1 until the appearance of said signal of equality, then in an open state for a second period T b which ends with the end of said
  • FIG. 1a is a general diagram which shows the basic principle on which the invention is based.
  • a discharge lamp 1, which can be a fluorescent tube, is provided with two electrodes 2 and 3.
  • a first generator or choke 4 supplies a voltage pulse capable of creating the initiation of the discharge in the lamp.
  • the starter emits a single ignition pulse or on the contrary pulses repeated at predetermined periodic intervals.
  • the FIG. 1a again shows a second generator capable of maintaining the discharge current in the lamp, the second generator which will be now described and which is the main object of the present invention.
  • the second generator comprises a first electrical circuit 5 which comprises the placing in series of a DC voltage source U1, a first switch I1 and a second switch I2.
  • the switches I1 and I2 are arranged in such a way that when the first is open, the second is closed and vice versa. This interdependence appears in Figure 1a by the dotted line 13 which connects the respective contact tabs of said switches.
  • the diagram also shows that at the terminals of the second switch I2 is connected a second electrical circuit 6 composed of the placing in series of an inductance L and of the discharge lamp 1.
  • the switch I1 is actuated by a control device 7.
  • This device is supplied on its input 8 by an alternating signal of period T1 coming from an oscillator 9.
  • this signal is preferably chosen at high frequency for example between 150 and 600 kHz.
  • This signal has its own period T1 composed of alternation of duration T2 at high level followed by alternation of duration T3 at low level.
  • the duty cycle of this signal is defined as being the ratio T2 / T1
  • the alternating signal of period T1 is supplied by the oscillator 9 and the alternations T2 and T3 have a duration approximately equal.
  • FIG. 1a also shows that the supply device comprises means for measuring a value which is representative of the current flowing in the lamp, these means being symbolized by the loop 10 surrounding a conductor of the second electrical circuit 6.
  • the value representative of this current is sent to a comparator 11 which compares said value with a reference value contained in a block 12.
  • comparator 11 emits an equality signal which is introduced into the control device 7 by its input 14 and which will be used by said device to deliver to output 15 of the same device, in combination with the signal received on input 8, a control signal for switches I1 and I2.
  • FIG. 1d shows the alternating signal of period T1 present at the input 8 of the control device 7, signal coming from the oscillator 9.
  • the signal of period T1 is composed of a first high-level alternation T2 followed by a second alternation at low level T3.
  • the control circuit 7 is arranged in such a way that when the signal at the input 8 passes from the low level to the high level, the switch I1 closes and the switch I2 opens, the switches remain in these same positions if the signal applied at 8 goes from high level to low level.
  • the closing of the switch I1 is symbolized by the solid line 16. With I1 closed and I2 open the electrical circuits 5 and 6 appear as illustrated in FIG. 1b.
  • the voltage source U1 delivers a current i1 in the inductance L and the lamp 1 via the switch I1. Due to the presence of the inductance L and the resistance R of the lamp, the current i1 will increase during a period T a from a value close to zero to a value approximately similar to a reference value that is fixed (block 12 of Figure 1a). As soon as this value is reached, the comparator 11 supplies the input 14 of the control device with an equality signal 17 illustrated by FIG. 1d. This equality signal has the effect of opening the switch I1 and closing the switch I2. The situation of the electrical circuits 5 and 6 is then that presented in FIG. 1c.
  • the electrical energy stored in the inductance L during the previous phase then produces a current i2 which, via the switch I2, flows through the lamp 1.
  • the inductance L then behaves like a generator. Contrary to the current practice of certain known power supplies, this inductor is not a current limiter but behaves like a current reservoir.
  • the current i2 will decrease during a period T b until a new rise in the signal of period T1 appears at the input 8 of the control device 7, a signal which again closes the switch I1. At the end of period T b a new cycle begins again and so on.
  • the supply device according to the invention is based. It is in fact a stabilized or controlled current source which delivers a current of constant value regardless of the load applied to it.
  • this load is a discharge lamp whose arc voltage, as we have seen, varies in large proportions, we will always be assured of a constant luminous flux and this without requiring consumption outside that which is necessary for produce this luminous flux.
  • the switches described operate by all or nothing and consume almost no clean energy.
  • the current delivered by the device of the invention remains constant whatever the value of the load. If this load is large (R small), the period T a during which the switch is closed will also be small, while if this load is low (R large), this period T a will lengthen, the duty cycle defined by the expression T a / T1 in fact controlling the current flowing in the lamp.
  • the assembly also has the advantage of being resistant to short-circuits since, in this case, the period T a would be reduced to an extremely short duration which could in no case damage the voltage source U1.
  • the basic assembly has been explained by using two switches I1, I2 actuated by a control device.
  • switches I1, I2 actuated by a control device.
  • a diode to replace the switch I2, diode connected in such a way that it is non-conductive when the transistor is conductive.
  • This diode has the advantage of being self-controlled by the very direction of the voltage present at its terminals.
  • the switch I2 could also be a transistor controlled by the output signal of the device 7 and that the invention is not limited to the sole use of a diode.
  • a low value resistor placed in series in one of the circuits 5 or 6 of the supply device is advantageously used. For essentially practical reasons, this resistance will be placed in the first electrical circuit 5 and the voltage developed across its terminals will be measured, which voltage is representative of the current flowing in the lamp.
  • Other means however could be implemented such as, for example, the use of a current transformer placed in the second electrical circuit 6.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the supply device according to the invention.
  • the control device 7 is here a type D flip-flop (D-FF) whose D and reset terminals are connected to at least 12 volts of the logic supply.
  • the flip-flop On its input 8, the flip-flop receives the alternating signal of period T1, also called clock signal (Cl) or synchronization signal (Sync).
  • the transistor Ti1 is controlled on its base by the output Q of the flip-flop.
  • the collector of transistor Ti1 is connected to diode D1 and the emitter to the voltage source U1 via a resistor RE.
  • the voltage U RE developed at the terminals of said resistor RE is compared to a reference voltage U3 by means of a comparator 11 which is here a transistor Ti2 working in commutation.
  • the comparator 11 which is here a transistor Ti2 working in commutation.
  • the clock signal Cl On the input 8 of the flip-flop is applied the clock signal Cl, which appears on line a of the diagram.
  • This signal oscillates between -12 V and 0 V (0 V symbolized by the sign 0 ⁇ ), or between the logical values 0 and 1 respectively.
  • This type of flip-flop (for example CMOS number 4013) has the particularity of having its output Q at the value carried by its input D when the signal Cl goes from 0 to 1 (arrows 18), the passage from 1 to 0 does not in no way changing the state of the Q output as long as the set and reset inputs are both at logic zero (-12 V).
  • output Q changes from 0 V to -12 V on each positive edge of signal Cl, which is shown at line e of the diagram, the rising edge 18 causing the falling edge 19 of the output Q (arrow 65).
  • U CTi2 - (U3 + V CETi2 ), is carried over to input 14 (set) of the flip-flop, which has the effect of changing said input set from -12 V to the indicated value (arrows 61).
  • the signal U CTi2 is given by line d of the diagram in FIG. 3.
  • the rising edge of the value U CTi2 has the effect of switching the flip-flop by its set input, of bringing its output Q to 0 V (arrow 62) and of render the transistor Ti1 nonconductive.
  • the voltage U RE then changes from the value indicated on line c to 0 V (arrow 63). From this moment, the energy stored in the inductance L produces a current i2 which circulates in the circuit 6 (line f of the diagram of figure 3) and which decreases since no source of tension is more to him applied. This current i2 will decrease until the transistor Ti1 becomes a new conductor, which takes place on the arrival of a new rising edge 18 presented by the signal T1 at the input Cl of the flip-flop.
  • the cycle which has just been described in detail then reproduces in the same way. It will be noted in passing that the voltage rise U CTi2 is followed by a return to -12 V which has no effect on the operation of the device.
  • the duty cycle T a / T1 then controls the current flowing in the lamp.
  • FIG. 3 has been completed by a line g which represents the current I D1 in the diode D1. It can be seen that during the conduction period T a of the transistor Ti1 no current flows in the diode while during the blocking period T b of the same transistor, a current i2 flows in the said diode.
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 also shows a current threshold I lmin below which the current in the lamp does not fall. This comes from the fact that the inductance L is not completely discharged when the cycle T1 starts again. This current explains the first voltage level at the terminals of the resistor RE and which is equal to (I lmin .RE).
  • the transistors are of the 2N5400 type and the diode of the 1N4148 type.
  • the voltage source U1 is 60 V and the reference voltage of 1.6 V.
  • a signal of period T1 3.2 ⁇ s, a resistance RE of 27 ohms and an inductance of 800 ⁇ H, a peak current is measured 80 mA in the tube (equivalent to approximately 50 mA eff ).
  • the inductance used is very small (a few mm3), which is another advantage of the device according to the invention. This is mainly due to the fact that the alternating signal of period T1 is chosen at high frequency, for example greater than 150 kHz.
  • FIG. 2 shows a reference voltage source U3 crossed by an arrow.
  • the latter indicates that the reference voltage can be adjusted, for example manually by means of a button, to adjust the light intensity emitted by the lamp.
  • FIG. 2 also shows that the discharge lamp used, which is most often a fluorescent lamp, has a cold anode 2 and a hot cathode 3.
  • This cathode is a filament supplied by a continuous source U5.
  • This pulse is supplied by the choke 4 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • This choke could be the one which will be described later on the subject of the third embodiment, but produced in such a way that it only provides a pulse high voltage when the lamp is turned on, instead of repeating pulses.
  • FIG. 6 A possible solution for making the starter is shown in the block diagram of FIG. 6 which is a variant of the execution presented in FIG. 1a.
  • the overvoltage pulse capable of creating the initiation of the discharge is produced by a third switch I3 connected in parallel on the terminals 2, 3 of the lamp 1.
  • This switch is controlled by a second control device 53, itself actuated by a first control device 7 already described with reference to FIG. 1a.
  • this third switch is closed.
  • the first switch I1 is also closed, the inductance L stores energy as explained above.
  • the lamp to be lit has been described in the diagrams 1a to 1c as having two cold electrodes 2 and 3.
  • the voltage necessary to initiate the discharge in the lamp is reduced by 1.5 to 2 times.
  • a heated electrode considerably increases the life of the lamp.
  • an electrode 3 provided with a filament supplied from a DC voltage source U5.
  • the second embodiment which will be explained now takes advantage of the supply device of the invention also to heat the filament.
  • FIG. 7 The basic diagram is shown in FIG. 7. In this diagram, we recognize the holding current generator formed by the first 5 and second 6 electrical circuits described above.
  • the lamp 1 is equipped with a first cold electrode 2 and a second electrode provided with a filament 56.
  • the second generator of this assembly, formed by circuits 5 and 6 will be used both for heating the filament and for maintaining of discharge into the lamp.
  • the second electrical circuit 6 includes the series inductance L, the first cold electrode 2 and a first terminal 54 of the filament 56.
  • This second circuit 6 is connected in parallel to the second switch I2 .
  • FIG. 7 also shows a third switch I3 connected on the one hand to the cold electrode 2 and on the other hand to a second terminal 55 of the filament 56.
  • the third switch I3 is actuated by a second control device 53, itself - even actuated by the first control device 7.
  • the second device 53 is arranged so that when the supply device is switched on (by a general switch not shown) the third switch I3 closes.
  • the filament 56 is then supplied with energy by the second generator 5,6 according to the same fundamental principle explained above.
  • the feeding of the filament takes place during a period of predetermined duration T d fixed for example by a time constant provided by the block 90 acting on an input of the second control device 53.
  • This heating period will last as long as it takes to make the filament glow, for example a second.
  • the third switch opens, this opening taking place the first time that the first switch I1 goes from the closed state to the open state after the period of predetermined duration T d .
  • This change of state is in the form of a logic signal at the output 15 of the first control device 7. This same logic signal acts on the second control device 53 and opens the switch I3.
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed diagram of the second embodiment explained above in principle. The new elements added to those of FIG. 2 will be described here.
  • the third switch I3 is a second transistor Ti3 which is controlled by the signal present at the output Q 57 of the control device 53 which is a second type D flip-flop
  • the output Q 15 of the first flip-flop 7 is connected to the input Cl of the second flip-flop 53.
  • the input D 58 of the second flip-flop is connected to the 0 volt of the logic supply by the through a resistor R3 and a capacitor C is connected between this input D and the -12 volts of the logic supply.
  • the set and reset terminals of the second flip-flop are also connected to -12 volts.
  • An inverting amplifier in the form of a transistor Ti4 is interposed between the output Q 57 and the base of the transistor Ti3. Its purpose is to amplify the signal present at the Q output and to invert it at the same time.
  • the second transistor Ti3 has its collector connected to the cold electrode 2 of the lamp and its emitter connected to the second terminal 55 of the filament 56 of the same lamp.
  • the input D 58 of the flip-flop 53 is found at logic level 0 (-12 V).
  • the output Q 57 of the flip-flop 53 is also at level 0, the transistor Ti4 conducts and provides a base current at transistor Ti3 which also conducts.
  • the filament 56 is then energized and is supplied by the same second generator 5,6 which has been described above (see FIG. 9a).
  • the current I f in the filament is made up of a succession of currents I f1 supplied by the circuit 5 and currents I f2 supplied by the circuit 6 (see beginning of FIG. 9d).
  • the lamp 1 is then short-circuited by Ti3 and the voltage U l between the terminals 2 and 55 is zero (see the beginning of FIG.
  • the opening of the transistor Ti3 causes an overvoltage 80 (FIG. 9f, arrow 68) at the terminals of the lamp, overvoltage due to the energy stored in the inductance L and which is released to create the ignition of the arc.
  • the switching of the output Q 57 of the second flip-flop which brings about the opening of the transistor Ti3 also leads the second generator 5,6 to supply the terminals 2,56 of the lamp with a current I l (FIG. 9c, arrow 67) formed as already described by an alternation of two currents I l1 and I l2 Following the overvoltage pulse 80, a holding voltage U l is then established at the terminals of the lamp (end of FIG. 9f).
  • the same second generator is used, the main object of the present invention, to supply the filament of the lamp first for a certain time, then to maintain the arc current in this lamp.
  • This system leads to the use of means which are much less expensive and cumbersome than the well-known heavy ballast which must be used today for the supply of fluorescent tubes used for lighting.
  • FIG. 8 shows a variable reference voltage source U3 which can be used to vary the light intensity of the lamp. This tension could be removed if one does not want such a feature. At this time we would connect the emitter of transistor Ti2 directly to the + of the source U1.
  • This third embodiment will be used to preferably supply discharge lamps forming the pixels or elementary light points making up a matrix display table.
  • the board can display still or moving images, in color or in black and white.
  • EP-A-0152026 US-A-4 649 322
  • a supply which has the disadvantage of being expensive in energy consumed and in joule losses, as already mentioned.
  • FIG. 4 presents a detailed diagram of the supply device according to this third embodiment of the invention.
  • the holding current generator formed by the first 5 and second 6 electrical circuits described in detail above.
  • the discharge lamp receives at predetermined periodic intervals T r voltage pulses creating initiating the lamp discharge.
  • T r voltage pulses are supplied by the generator 4.
  • Two embodiments of this generator have been described in detail in the document EP-A-0152026. Here we will briefly recall the operation of one of them, mentioning that the other could also be suitable here.
  • the generator 4 is composed of a DC voltage source U4, a coil 20, a switch 21 and a capacitor 22.
  • the energy accumulated in the coil 20 in the form of current during the conduction of the switch 21 is restored in the form of voltage across the capacitor 22 when the switch 21 opens.
  • the value of the accumulated energy is determined by the voltage U4, the inductance of the coil 20 and the accumulation period t1 - t0, t0 representing the closing time and t1 the opening time of the switch 21.
  • the opening and closing signals of the switch 21 are sent by line 32.
  • the overvoltage pulses are applied to the lamp via a diode 24 and a resistor 25.
  • Diode 24 prevents the current source, supplied by circuits 5 and 6, from supplying another lamp via the common line of the overvoltage generator, if generator 4 is used for several tubes at the same time.
  • the purpose of the resistor 25 is to limit the arc current in the tube from the moment it is started. This device ensures the lighting of several lamps by means of a single generator. Otherwise, since the lamps have different starting characteristics, only the lamp requiring the lowest voltage pulse would light up. Indeed, the voltage present at the terminals of the tube once the arc is established is significantly lower than the voltage necessary to cause it. An important current would then arise if no precautions were taken. This current would prevent, on the one hand, the priming voltage from reaching sufficient values to ignite the other tubes and could, on the other hand, lead to the destruction of the first primed tube.
  • the electrical circuit 6 further comprises a diode 31 which prevents the overvoltage pulse supplied by the generator 4 from going up to the source of current for maintaining the discharge.
  • the lamp In synchronism with each overvoltage pulse, the lamp is supplied with a discharge maintenance current, the duration of which will depend on a reference signal carrying information indicating the level of light flux which must be reached by the lamp. at some point.
  • a discharge maintenance current the duration of which will depend on a reference signal carrying information indicating the level of light flux which must be reached by the lamp. at some point.
  • the second generator comprises a first electrical circuit 5 comprising the series connection of a DC voltage source U1, of a first switch (replaced in FIG. 4 by the transistor Ti1) and a second switch (replaced in the same figure by a diode D1 connected in such a way that it is non-conductive when the transistor Ti1 is conductive) and a second electrical circuit 6 comprising the placing in series of an inductance L and of the lamp 1, second circuit connected in parallel to the diode D1.
  • a control device (this is the flip-flop 7) actuates the system.
  • the oscillator of FIG. 4 is presented at 70 and drives a frequency divider 71 on its input Cl.
  • the output Q1 provides the desired signal T1 which happens to be, in this example, the frequency of the oscillator 70 divided by two .
  • the signal T1 T a + T b only appears periodically (T r ) and for a duration Tc which is a function of the reference signal of which we have spoken above.
  • the signal of duration T c is applied to the input D of the flip-flop 7 and is included in the limits 0 ⁇ T c ⁇ T r .
  • the current source formed by the circuits 5 and 6 behaves as in the first embodiment: here we find indeed the same means for measuring the representative value of the current flowing in the lamp 1 (RE, 10), to compare (11, Ti2) this representative value with a reference value (U3, 12) and to provide an equality signal (set) when these values are substantially identical with, as a result, a current flow (i1, i2) in two phases of respective durations T a and T b as already explained.
  • the arrangement comprises the combination of the oscillator 70, the divider 71 and three monostable circuits 40, 41 and 42 of the type 555 well known in the art.
  • an image point must be able to be refreshed, or, in other words, must be able to be capable of receiving new information at least every 1/25 of a second in 50 Hz networks (1/30 of a second in 60 Hz networks), which leads to a repetition of overvoltage pulses every 40 ms .
  • this periodicity will be reduced to a third of this value, that is to say 13.33 ms, to avoid above all the blinking of the image.
  • the signal of period T r attacks the input 2 of a monostable circuit 40 which only engages on the falling edge of the signal of period T r to provide on its output 3 a short pulse 50 whose width depends on the values qu 'we give to R0 + R′0 and C0. This width can be varied by adjusting R0 ( Figure 5c).
  • the pulses 50 in turn control the circuit 41 which is also a monostable which engages on the falling edge of the pulse 50 and lengthens said pulse by an amount imposed by the values given to R1 + R′1 and C1. It can be adjusted by varying R1.
  • the pulse 51 which results therefrom and which is represented in FIG. 5d is collected at the output 3 of the circuit 41 and controls by line 32 the switch 21 of the generator 4.
  • the pulse of width t1 has been generated in this way - t0 necessary to create the overvoltage pulse capable of creating the ignition of the arc in the lamp, pulse which is represented at 80 on line 5g and which is repeated with the periodicity T r .
  • the pulses 51 in turn control the circuit 42 which is still a monostable which engages on the falling edge of the pulse 51 and lengthens said pulse by an amount imposed by the values given to R2 + R′2 and C2.
  • the pulse 52 of duration T c which results therefrom, and which is shown in FIG. 5e, is collected at the output 3 of the circuit 42 and controls, via the inverter 81, the input D of the flip-flop 7, this last commander, as we have seen, the holding current source formed by circuits 5 and 6.
  • the signal present at input D is shown in FIG. 5f.
  • the pulse 52, or its inverse present at the input D, is none other than the setpoint signal of duration T c , produced in this example by the circuit 42, circuit which operates in synchronism with the ignition generator 4 .
  • FIG. 5g shows the voltage U l which appears at the electrodes of the lamp and which is the result of the combination of diagrams 5b to 5f.
  • the overvoltage pulse 80 coincides with the falling edge of the pulse 51 and the modulation voltage 82 (or of maintaining the arc) coincides with the pulse 52.
  • the embodiment of Figure 4 allows to vary the light intensity by means of a potentiometric adjustment (R2) which is here the setpoint signal itself. It is clear that this adjustment would be carried out in a completely different manner if the reference signal were to be information delivered by a television camera for example.
  • the camera presents an analog signal at its output which is transformed into a digital signal by a converter.
  • We generally find at the output of the converter 25 32 possible tones, one of these tones corresponding to the light intensity of the point analyzed at a specific time.
  • These 32 tones result, in an exemplary embodiment, from the combination of 128 elementary slices of equal duration to take account of the sensitivity curve of the eye (see on this subject the document EP-A-0 152 025 already cited ).
  • the digital information is then sent to a counter which will output a signal at its output, the duration of which will correspond to the light intensity analyzed at that time. This signal will finally command a holding current source as explained above.
  • the reference voltage U3 may be adjustable, which will make it possible to adapt the brightness emitted to the ambient light.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Speisegerät einer mit einer ersten (2) und einer zweiten (3, 56) Elektrode versehenen Entladungslampe (1), welches Gerät einen ersten Generator (4) umfaßt, ausgebildet zum Liefern eines Spannungsimpulses zum Bewirken der Zündung der Entladung in der Lampe und einen zweiten Generator, ausgebildet zum Halten eines Entladestroms in der Lampe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Generator einen ersten elektrischen Schaltkreis(5) umfaßt, umfassend die Serienschaltung einer ersten Gleichspannungsquelle (U₁) eines ersten Unterbrechers (I₁) und eines zweiten Unterbrechers (I₂), welcher erste oder zweite Unterbrecher derart ausgebildet sind, daß, wenn der erste geschlossen ist, der zweite offen ist und umgekehrt und einen zweiten elektrischen Schaltkreis (6), umfassend die Serienschaltung einer Induktivität (L) und der Lampe, parallel geschaltet zu dem zweiten Unterbrecher, daß die Unterbrecher von einer ersten Steuervorrichtung (7) betätigt werden, die von einem Wechselsignal fester Periode T₁ gespeist wird, geliefert von einem Oszillator (9) und daß Mittel (10, 11, 12) vorgesehen sind zum Messen eines Wertes, der repräsentativ für den in der Lampe fließenden Strom ist, zum Vergleichen dieses repräsentaven Wertes mit einem Referenzwert, geliefert von einer zweiten Gleichspannungsquelle (U₃) und zum Liefern eines Gleichheitssignals, wenn die Werte im wesentlichen identisch sind, wobei die erste Steuervorrichtung das Gleichheitssignal verwertet und den ersten Unterbrecher zunächst in geschlossenem Zustand während einer ersten Periode Ta versetzt, die sich vom Beginn der festen Periode T₁ bis zum Auftreten des Gleichheitssignals erstreckt, danach in offenen Zustand versetzt während einer zweiten Periode Tb, die endet mit dem Ende der genannten Periode T₁, und wobei der erste Unterbrecher betätigt wird gemäß einem zyklischen Verhältnis Ta/T₁, das den in der Lampe fließenden Strom steuert.
  2. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Unterbrecher (I₁) ein Transistor (Ti1) ist, gesteuert von der ersten Steuereinrichtung (7), daß der zweite Unterbrecher (I₂) eine Diode (D1) ist, die so geschaltet ist, daß sie nichtleitend ist, wenn der erste Unterbrecher geschlossen ist, daß die Mittel (10) zum Messen des Wertes, der für den in der Lampe fließenden Strom repräsentativ ist, von einem Widerstand (RE) gebildet sind, der in Serie mit dem ersten elektrischen Schaltkreis (5) liegt, daß die erste Steuereinrichtung (7) ein erster D-Flip-Flop ist, der an seinem Takteingang (8) von dem Wechselsignal der Periode T₁ gespeist ist und daß der Transistor (Ti1) an seiner Basis vom Ausgang Q (15) dieses Flip-Flops gesteuert ist, während der Kollektor und der Emitter dieses Transistors mit der Diode (D1) bzw. der Spannungsquelle (U₁) über den Widerstand (RE) verbunden sind, wobei die Spannung (URE), die über den Klemmen des Widerstands abfällt, mit der zweiten Gleichspannungsquelle (U₃) mittels eines Komparators (Ti2) verglichen wird und wobei das Gleichheitssignal, das von diesem Komparator abgegeben wird, auf den Setzeingang (14) des Flip-Flops einwirkt.
  3. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Gleichspannungsquelle (U₃) einstellbar ist.
  4. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Generator für das Liefern eines Spannungsimpulses zwecks Zündung der Entladung in der Lampe (1) einen dritten Unterbrecher (I₃) umfaßt, parallel geschaltet zu den Elektroden (2, 3) der Lampe und betätigt von einer zweiten Steuereinrichtung (53), die ihrerseits betätigt wird durch die erste Steuereinrichtung (7), wobei die zweite Einrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, daß der dritte Unterbrecher beim Einschalten des Speisegeräts geschlossen ist und sich dann ein erstes Mal öffnet, wenn der erste Unterbrecher (I₁) vom geschlossenen in den offenen Zustand übergeht.
  5. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entladungslampe eine erste kalte Elektrode (2) und eine zweite Elektrode (3) umfaßt, die mit einer Wende (56) mit einer ersten (54) und einer zweiten (55) Klemme versehen ist, daß der zweite elektronische Schaltkreis(6) die Serienschaltung der Induktivität (L) der ersten kalten Elektrode (2) und der ersten Klemme (54) umfaßt, daß der dritte Unterbrecher einerseits mit der ersten kalten Elektrode (2) und andererseits mit der zweiten Klemme (55) verbunden ist, daß der zweite Generator (5, 6) für das Aufheizen der Wende während einer vorbestimmten Dauer Td ausgebildet ist und danach für das Halten des Entladestroms in der Lampe und daß die zweite Steuereinrichtung (53) derart ausgebildet ist, daß der dritte Unterbrecher (I₃) sich beim Einschalten des Speisegeräts schließt und dann nach einer vorbestimmten Periode Td öffnet, wobei das öffnen erstmals stattfindet, wenn der erste Unterbrecher (I₁) vom geschlossenen in den offenen Zustand nach der Periode vorbestimmter Dauer übergeht.
  6. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die in Anspruch 2 beschriebene Anordnung umfaßt, daß der dritte Unterbrecher (I₃) ein zweiter Transistor (Ti3) ist, gesteuert von der zweiten Steuereinrichtung (53), bestehend aus einem zweiten D-Flip-Flop, der an seinem Takteingang (C1) von dem am Ausgang Q des ersten Flip-Flops stehenden Signal gespeist ist, daß die Periode vorbestimmter Dauer Td in Form eines entsprechenden Signals am D Eingang (58) des zweiten Flip-Flops (53) vorliegt und daß der zweite Transistor (Ti3) von dem am Ausgang Q (57) des zweiten Flip-Flops gesteuert ist über einen Verstärker-Inverter (Ti4), wobei der Kollektor und der Emitter des zweiten Transistors mit der ersten kalten Elektrode (2) bzw. der zweiten Klemme (55) der Wende (56) der Lampe verbunden sind.
  7. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Generator (4) für das Liefern von Spannungsimpulsen vorbestimmter periodischer Intervalle Tr zum Zünden der Entladung in der Lampe ausgebildet ist, daß der zweite Generator (5, 6) ausgebildet ist zum Liefern, synchron mit jedem Spannungsimpuls, eines Entladungshaltestroms, und daß das Signal der Periode T₁ während einer Dauer Tc angelegt wird, die eine Funktion eines Führungssignals ist, wobei die Anlegedauer zwischen den Grenzen 0 ≦ Tc ≦ Tr liegt.
  8. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Unterbrecher (I₁) ein Transistor (Ti1) ist, gesteuert von der ersten Steuereinrichtung (7), daß der zweite Unterbrecher (I₂) eine Diode (D₁) ist, die derart angeschlossen ist, daß sie nichtleitend ist, wenn der erste Unterbrecher geschlossen ist, daß die Mittel (10) zum Messen des Werts, der repräsentativ ist für den in der Lampe fließenden Strom, von einem Widerstand (RE) realisiert sind, der in Serie in den ersten elektrischen Schaltkreis (5) gelegt ist, daß die erste Steuereinrichtung (7) ein D-Flip-Flop ist, der an seinem Takteingang (8) von dem Wechselsignal der Periode T₁ gespeist und an seinem D Eingang von dem Führungssignal der Dauer Tc und daß der Transistor (Ti1) an seiner Basis von dem Q Ausgang (15) des Flip-Flops gesteuert ist, wobei der Kollektor und der Emitter dieses Transistors mit der Diode (D1) bzw. mit der Spannungsquelle (U₁) über den Widerstand (RE) verbunden sind, wobei die Spannung (URE) über den Klemmen des Widerstands mit der zweiten Gleichspannungsquelle (U₃) mittels eines Komparators (Ti2) verglichen wird und das von diesem Komparator abgegebene Gleichheitssignal auf den Setzeingang (14) des Flip-Flops wirkt.
  9. Speisegerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Gleichspannungsquelle (U₃) einstellbar ist.
EP88106480A 1987-04-29 1988-04-22 Leistungsversorgung für eine Entladungslampe Expired - Lifetime EP0288924B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706145 1987-04-29
FR8706145A FR2614748A1 (fr) 1987-04-29 1987-04-29 Dispositif d'alimentation d'une lampe a decharge

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EP0288924A1 EP0288924A1 (de) 1988-11-02
EP0288924B1 true EP0288924B1 (de) 1992-07-08

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EP (1) EP0288924B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6448395A (de)
KR (1) KR970001422B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1015590B (de)
AU (1) AU608835B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1293292C (de)
DE (1) DE3872580T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2614748A1 (de)

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FR2614748A1 (fr) 1988-11-04
EP0288924A1 (de) 1988-11-02
AU1526188A (en) 1988-11-03
CN1015590B (zh) 1992-02-19
CN88102588A (zh) 1988-11-16
CA1293292C (en) 1991-12-17
FR2614748B1 (de) 1995-02-24
DE3872580T2 (de) 1993-02-18
KR880013422A (ko) 1988-11-30
US4937505A (en) 1990-06-26
JPS6448395A (en) 1989-02-22
AU608835B2 (en) 1991-04-18
KR970001422B1 (en) 1997-02-06
DE3872580D1 (de) 1992-08-13

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