EP0287836A1 - Tissu à deux couches pour machine à papier - Google Patents
Tissu à deux couches pour machine à papier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0287836A1 EP0287836A1 EP88104766A EP88104766A EP0287836A1 EP 0287836 A1 EP0287836 A1 EP 0287836A1 EP 88104766 A EP88104766 A EP 88104766A EP 88104766 A EP88104766 A EP 88104766A EP 0287836 A1 EP0287836 A1 EP 0287836A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- threads
- thread
- transverse threads
- transverse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
Definitions
- the invention relates to a paper machine screen made of a double-layer fabric according to the preamble of claim 1.
- paper machine screens are required, which have the task of dewatering a fiber-filler suspension and thereby forming a wet-strength paper web which can be transported to the press section on the screen.
- the screen must meet certain requirements with regard to its water permeability or its fiber retention, as well as its surface quality and stability, which have increased continuously in the course of the past development of such screens, due to the efforts of the papermakers to improve the paper qualities. For this reason, paper manufacturers are forced to adapt their products to these growing requirements, i.e. to continuously develop paper machine screens with regard to the properties mentioned.
- FIG. 6 shows the course of a longitudinal thread 3 of a known double-layer sieve, which is equipped with two paper-side transverse thread groups E and F, which differ in the length of their outer floats.
- the paper-side transverse threads are separated from one another at a distance.
- the number of cross threads 4 on the running side is very small because of the comparatively large distance.
- the object of the invention is therefore to design the paper machine sieve of the type mentioned so that when increasing the number of paper-side transverse threads none of the above. Disadvantages occur, in particular no unacceptable reductions in the stability of the screen and markings in the paper.
- the screen according to the invention can have an at least 15% higher paper-side and running-side with the same number of longitudinal threads / cm Cross thread count, cm.
- the screen according to the invention can also have an at least 80% higher paper-side cross-thread number cm with the same number of longitudinal threads / cm.
- the paper machine screen according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 consists of a double-layer fabric with a fabric repeat of seven longitudinal threads and forty-two transverse threads. The course of two adjacent longitudinal threads 6 and 7 is shown, which are offset from one another by twelve or sixteen paper-side transverse threads.
- the screen also has transverse threads 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, which differ in terms of their diameter and / or material properties and their float lengths in that the three transverse threads 8, 9, 10 each have a different transverse thread group A.
- B, C belong to, while of the transverse threads 11, 12 and 13, the threads 11 and 13 belong to the transverse thread group B and the threads 12 belong to the transverse thread group A or C, which, as stated, differ with regard to the thread diameter.
- three paper-side transverse thread groups A, B and C occur within the repeat, and each of the longitudinal threads 6 and 7 crosses three successive paper-side transverse threads 8, 9, 10, then passes under three successive paper-side transverse threads 11, 12, 13 and then crosses over again the following three paper-side transverse threads 8, 9, 10, before it then runs between the paper-side and the running-side transverse thread sets and thereby integrates two non-successive running-side transverse threads 14, which can also have a different position.
- the paper-side transverse threads 8, 9, 10 have a very dense position, which means that they can touch one another.
- Each of these three transverse threads differs from the other two in the length of its floatations and, as already mentioned, in advantageous configurations in diameter and / or in its material.
- the traversed transverse threads 11, 12, 13 following these three transverse threads are separated from one another and each belong to only two different thread groups, the two transverse threads 11 and 13 being identical in terms of their diameter and in terms of their material and / or their diameter of can also distinguish the third cross thread 12.
- each longitudinal thread can incorporate two non-consecutive transverse threads on the running side, each of these transverse threads being bound by only one longitudinal thread within the repeat.
- the longitudinal threads are bound twice in the lower transverse thread layer, as a result of which an outwardly directed force component is generated between the two connection points denoted by 15, which presses the cross threads 5 lying between the two connection points outwards, if the sieve is placed under longitudinal tension during the fixing process.
- An excellent cross thread runner is created in this meadow.
- Fig. 4 illustrates on a section of the screen according to the invention, seen from the paper side, the difference between the float lengths of the three transverse thread groups A, B, C and their frequency and distribution.
- the number of transverse threads can be reduced in the usual way and the desired permeability can thus be achieved.
- the number of diagonals / cm 2 formed from longitudinal or transverse floats on the paper side or their spacing is a measure of the marking risk. The larger the diagonal distance and thus the smaller the number of diagonals, the higher the probability of the undesired sieve markings occurring.
- the paper-side transverse thread numbers are considerably smaller in the known sieves than in the sieve according to the invention, the stability of the sieve according to the invention being able to be increased considerably in comparison with the finest sieves of the known type, so that the enormous tension and wear loads occurring on the paper machine in the operating state are significant endured longer.
- Diagonal distance d 1 or d 2 and the number of diagonals of approximately 15, as can be seen in FIG. 5, and on the other hand approximately 13, as can be seen in FIG. 6, is from the impression of the paper side of the screen according to the invention, as in FIG. 7 removable, a diagonal distance d 3 with approximately 17 diagonals can be seen. Hence d 3 ⁇ d 1 ⁇ d 2 .
- the prints of the paper side shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 are all enlarged and correspond to an area of 1 cm 2.
- the longitudinal thread numbers are approximately 62 / cm.
- the number of transverse threads per cm on the paper should expediently be at least 60% of the number of longitudinal threads per cm.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT88104766T ATE58404T1 (de) | 1987-04-22 | 1988-03-24 | Papiermaschinensieb aus einem doppellagigen gewebe. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3713510 | 1987-04-22 | ||
DE19873713510 DE3713510A1 (de) | 1987-04-22 | 1987-04-22 | Papiermaschinensieb aus einem doppellagigen gewebe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0287836A1 true EP0287836A1 (fr) | 1988-10-26 |
EP0287836B1 EP0287836B1 (fr) | 1990-11-14 |
Family
ID=6326085
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88104766A Expired - Lifetime EP0287836B1 (fr) | 1987-04-22 | 1988-03-24 | Tissu à deux couches pour machine à papier |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4998568A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0287836B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH01183591A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE58404T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1312489C (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3713510A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2018588B3 (fr) |
FI (1) | FI89522B (fr) |
NO (1) | NO166242C (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5387433A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1995-02-07 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Protective layer on a conductive substrate |
EP0672782A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-20 | Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd. | Tissu pour papeterie à deux couches de fils de chaîne et deux couches de fils de trame, comprenant des fils de chaîne auxiliaires tissés dans le côté papier |
WO1999006631A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-11 | Asten, Inc. | Tissu tisse en double couche a haute stabilite d'armure |
EP0905310A2 (fr) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-03-31 | Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd. | Tissu industriel |
EP1294981B2 (fr) † | 2000-06-29 | 2014-09-03 | Andritz Technology and Asset Management GmbH | Toile de machine a papier |
Families Citing this family (68)
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DE3938159A1 (de) * | 1989-11-16 | 1991-05-23 | Oberdorfer Fa F | Verbundgewebe fuer papiermaschinensiebe |
US5067526A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1991-11-26 | Niagara Lockport Industries, Inc. | 14 harness dual layer papermaking fabric |
US5421375A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-06-06 | Wangner Systems Corporation | Eight harness double layer forming fabric with uniform drainage |
US5709250A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1998-01-20 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermakers' forming fabric having additional fiber support yarns |
US5983953A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1999-11-16 | Weavexx Corporation | Paper forming progess |
US5518042A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-05-21 | Huyck Licensco, Inc. | Papermaker's forming fabric with additional cross machine direction locator and fiber supporting yarns |
US5937914A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-08-17 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's fabric with auxiliary yarns |
US5967195A (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 1999-10-19 | Weavexx Corporation | Multi-layer forming fabric with stitching yarn pairs integrated into papermaking surface |
JP3883275B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-28 | 2007-02-21 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | 上層織物に補助緯糸を配置した工業用2層織物 |
US6112774A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-09-05 | Weavexx Corporation | Double layer papermaker's forming fabric with reduced twinning. |
US6248210B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-06-19 | Fort James Corporation | Method for maximizing water removal in a press nip |
US6123116A (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2000-09-26 | Weavexx Corporation | Low caliper mechanically stable multi-layer papermaker's fabrics with paired machine side cross machine direction yarns |
US6179013B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2001-01-30 | Weavexx Corporation | Low caliper multi-layer forming fabrics with machine side cross machine direction yarns having a flattened cross section |
US6733626B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-05-11 | Georgia Pacific Corporation | Apparatus and method for degrading a web in the machine direction while preserving cross-machine direction strength |
US6585006B1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2003-07-01 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with companion yarns |
US6244306B1 (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-06-12 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric |
US6253796B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-03 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric |
US6745797B2 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2004-06-08 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric |
US7959761B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2011-06-14 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Creping adhesive modifier and process for producing paper products |
NO333373B1 (no) * | 2002-05-24 | 2013-05-13 | Nippon Filcon Kk | Industrielt tolys stoff |
JP3925915B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-06-06 | 日本フイルコン株式会社 | 工業用二層織物 |
DE60311378T2 (de) * | 2002-10-02 | 2007-11-15 | Fort James Corp. | Oberflächenbehandelte wärmeverbindbare Faser enthaltende Papierprodukte, und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US8394236B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2013-03-12 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Absorbent sheet of cellulosic fibers |
US7442278B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2008-10-28 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Fabric crepe and in fabric drying process for producing absorbent sheet |
US7662257B2 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2010-02-16 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Llc | Multi-ply paper towel with absorbent core |
US7494563B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2009-02-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Fabric creped absorbent sheet with variable local basis weight |
US7789995B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2010-09-07 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products, LP | Fabric crepe/draw process for producing absorbent sheet |
AU2003279792A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-05-04 | Fort James Corporation | Fabric crepe process for making absorbent sheet |
EP1567718B1 (fr) | 2002-11-07 | 2013-04-17 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP | Feuille absorbante resistant a la penetration de l'eau |
US6837277B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2005-01-04 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric |
US6860969B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2005-03-01 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric |
US7059357B2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2006-06-13 | Weavexx Corporation | Warp-stitched multilayer papermaker's fabrics |
US6896009B2 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2005-05-24 | Weavexx Corporation | Machine direction yarn stitched triple layer papermaker's forming fabrics |
GB0317248D0 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2003-08-27 | Voith Fabrics Gmbh & Co Kg | Fabric |
US7300554B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2007-11-27 | Albany International Corp. | Textured surface of a tissue forming fabric to generate bulk, cross directional tensile, absorbency, and softness in a sheet of paper |
US7297226B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-11-20 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus and method for degrading a web in the machine direction while preserving cross-machine direction strength |
US8293072B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-10-23 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Belt-creped, variable local basis weight absorbent sheet prepared with perforated polymeric belt |
PT2492393T (pt) | 2004-04-14 | 2016-09-02 | Georgia Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Produto absorvente com elevada elasticidade na dt e reduzidas proporções de tracção, fabricados por um processo de encrespamento num tecido com elevado teor em sólidos |
US7243687B2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2007-07-17 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with twice as many bottom MD yarns as top MD yarns |
US7503998B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2009-03-17 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | High solids fabric crepe process for producing absorbent sheet with in-fabric drying |
DE102004035522A1 (de) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-03-16 | Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung |
DE102004035523A1 (de) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-02-09 | Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung |
DE102004035519A1 (de) * | 2004-07-22 | 2006-02-09 | Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung |
DE102004044572A1 (de) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-30 | Voith Fabrics Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinenbespannung |
US8178025B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2012-05-15 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Embossing system and product made thereby with both perforate bosses in the cross machine direction and a macro pattern |
US7195040B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2007-03-27 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with machine direction stitching yarns that form machine side knuckles |
US7484538B2 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2009-02-03 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's triple layer forming fabric with non-uniform top CMD floats |
US7219701B2 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-05-22 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with machine direction stitching yarns that form machine side knuckles |
DE102005055785A1 (de) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Papiermaschinensieb |
US7275566B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-10-02 | Weavexx Corporation | Warped stitched papermaker's forming fabric with fewer effective top MD yarns than bottom MD yarns |
US8540846B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2013-09-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Belt-creped, variable local basis weight multi-ply sheet with cellulose microfiber prepared with perforated polymeric belt |
US7580229B2 (en) | 2006-04-27 | 2009-08-25 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V. | Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) magnetoresistive sensor with antiparallel-free layer structure and low current-induced noise |
PL2792789T3 (pl) | 2006-05-26 | 2017-12-29 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Krepowany tkaniną arkusz chłonny o lokalnie zmiennej gramaturze |
WO2008027799A2 (fr) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Serviette en papier multicouche |
US7487805B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-02-10 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with cross-direction yarn stitching and ratio of top machined direction yarns to bottom machine direction yarns of less than 1 |
US7624766B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2009-12-01 | Weavexx Corporation | Warped stitched papermaker's forming fabric |
US20090183795A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-07-23 | Kevin John Ward | Multi-Layer Papermaker's Forming Fabric With Long Machine Side MD Floats |
CA2735867C (fr) * | 2008-09-16 | 2017-12-05 | Dixie Consumer Products Llc | Feuille de base d'emballage alimentaire a microfibre de cellulose regeneree |
US7766053B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-08-03 | Weavexx Corporation | Multi-layer papermaker's forming fabric with alternating paired and single top CMD yarns |
US8251103B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2012-08-28 | Weavexx Corporation | Papermaker's forming fabric with engineered drainage channels |
US20120253501A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Springs Creative Products Group, Llc | System and a method for manufacturing substrates for coated fabrics |
US9267240B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2016-02-23 | Georgia-Pacific Products LP | High softness, high durability bath tissue incorporating high lignin eucalyptus fiber |
US9309627B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2016-04-12 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | High softness, high durability bath tissues with temporary wet strength |
CN106255779B (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-08-28 | 日本辉尔康株式会社 | 工业用双层织物 |
GB2573676B (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2022-10-26 | Kimberly Clark Co | Papermaking fabric including textured contacting surface |
US10927507B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-02-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Papermaking fabrics having machine and cross-machine direction elements and paper products made therewith |
USD891789S1 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-08-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Papermaking fabric |
US10927506B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-02-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Papermaking fabrics having machine and cross-machine direction elements and paper products made therewith |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2346489A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-02 | 1977-10-28 | Martel Catala Et Cie Sa Ets | Perfectionnements aux toiles pour machines a papier et a leurs procedes de fabrication |
US4421819A (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-12-20 | Jwi Ltd. | Wear resistant paper machine fabric |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3036409C2 (de) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-01-20 | Hermann Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7410 Reutlingen | Doppellagiges Sieb für den Siebteil einer Papiermaschine |
US4564051A (en) * | 1983-07-16 | 1986-01-14 | Andreas Kufferath Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multiple ply dewatering screen particularly for a web forming part of a paper making machine |
DE3615304A1 (de) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-12 | Wangner Gmbh Co Kg Hermann | Bespannung fuer den blattbildungsteil einer papiermaschine |
DE3635632A1 (de) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-21 | Wangner Gmbh Co Kg Hermann | Bespannung fuer den blattbildungsteil einer papiermaschine |
-
1987
- 1987-04-22 DE DE19873713510 patent/DE3713510A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-03-24 ES ES88104766T patent/ES2018588B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-24 AT AT88104766T patent/ATE58404T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-24 DE DE8888104766T patent/DE3861047D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-24 EP EP88104766A patent/EP0287836B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-08 US US07/179,564 patent/US4998568A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-20 JP JP63098016A patent/JPH01183591A/ja active Pending
- 1988-04-21 FI FI881875A patent/FI89522B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-21 CA CA000564771A patent/CA1312489C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-21 NO NO881736A patent/NO166242C/no unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2346489A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-02 | 1977-10-28 | Martel Catala Et Cie Sa Ets | Perfectionnements aux toiles pour machines a papier et a leurs procedes de fabrication |
US4421819A (en) * | 1982-02-23 | 1983-12-20 | Jwi Ltd. | Wear resistant paper machine fabric |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5387433A (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1995-02-07 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Protective layer on a conductive substrate |
EP0672782A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1995-09-20 | Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd. | Tissu pour papeterie à deux couches de fils de chaîne et deux couches de fils de trame, comprenant des fils de chaîne auxiliaires tissés dans le côté papier |
WO1999006631A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-11 | Asten, Inc. | Tissu tisse en double couche a haute stabilite d'armure |
EP0905310A2 (fr) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-03-31 | Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd. | Tissu industriel |
EP0905310A3 (fr) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-04-05 | Nippon Filcon Co., Ltd. | Tissu industriel |
EP1294981B2 (fr) † | 2000-06-29 | 2014-09-03 | Andritz Technology and Asset Management GmbH | Toile de machine a papier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE58404T1 (de) | 1990-11-15 |
CA1312489C (fr) | 1993-01-12 |
ES2018588B3 (es) | 1991-04-16 |
JPH01183591A (ja) | 1989-07-21 |
FI881875A (fi) | 1988-10-23 |
FI881875A0 (fi) | 1988-04-21 |
NO881736D0 (no) | 1988-04-21 |
NO881736L (no) | 1988-10-24 |
US4998568A (en) | 1991-03-12 |
DE3713510A1 (de) | 1988-11-10 |
DE3861047D1 (de) | 1990-12-20 |
EP0287836B1 (fr) | 1990-11-14 |
NO166242C (no) | 1991-06-19 |
NO166242B (no) | 1991-03-11 |
FI89522B (fi) | 1993-06-30 |
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