EP0287596B1 - Burner for the combustion of liquid fuel - Google Patents

Burner for the combustion of liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0287596B1
EP0287596B1 EP87906554A EP87906554A EP0287596B1 EP 0287596 B1 EP0287596 B1 EP 0287596B1 EP 87906554 A EP87906554 A EP 87906554A EP 87906554 A EP87906554 A EP 87906554A EP 0287596 B1 EP0287596 B1 EP 0287596B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
air
housing
chamber
burner according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87906554A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0287596A1 (en
Inventor
Alois STÖCKL
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Olymp-Werk A Schwarz GmbH
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Olymp-Werk A Schwarz GmbH
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Publication of EP0287596A1 publication Critical patent/EP0287596A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/005—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space with combinations of different spraying or vaporising means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for the combustion of liquid fuel, the fuel and air being brought together in a cylindrical mixing chamber, the length of which is greater than their diameter, in which a negative pressure can be produced by removing the air from a chamber surrounding the mixing chamber Air chamber through lateral openings in the housing of the mixing chamber, which extend approximately over the entire length of the housing, is guided into the mixing chamber and forms a cyclone therein and the fuel is let into the mixing chamber in the longitudinal central axis thereof.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a burner which, with an output of 5-15 kW, enables optimum combustion with the highest degree of firing and which is nevertheless inexpensive.
  • the principle of oil gasification was chosen because of the optimal combustion that can be achieved with it.
  • EP-A-28 025 describes a method and an apparatus for producing micro liquid droplets, also in a burner. Here, too, there is no gasification of the heating oil.
  • a burner is known from DE-A-3005042, the mixing chamber of which works in the manner of a compressed air atomizing nozzle.
  • the burner device needs a high atomization pressure. No gas mixture is generated in the mixing chamber, but an oil mist that exits into the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet opening for the oil is located directly on the end face of the mixing chamber.
  • DE-A1-3036841 shows a burner with preheating the heating oil.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a burner which has the advantage that there is immediate coarse atomization of the fuel and then gasification. _.
  • the object of the invention was achieved in that the housing of the mixing chamber can be heated by at least one electrical resistance heating element and that the fuel is introduced into the mixing chamber via a feed pipe which extends into the negative pressure zone of the mixing chamber.
  • the electric heater (s) inserted into the housing of the mixing chamber brings the housing to a temperature of 400 ° C. When this temperature is reached, the combustion air is first supplied and then the oil is supplied.
  • the oil that enters the feed pipe directly into the vacuum zone of the hot air cyclone is roughly atomized by the rotating hot air movement and the vacuum and gasified in a split second by the hot air and radiant heat.
  • the gasified oil is mixed by an additional hot air supply to an air ratio n 1.1 to 1.15.
  • a baffle plate is advantageously arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber.
  • the ignitable gas-air mixture is ignited by means of an ignition electrode and burns as a blue flame, absolutely free of soot and almost CO.
  • the radiant heat from the combustion chamber heats the combustion air to 80 to 90%, so that only 10 to 20% electricity (approx. 150-250 watts / h) is required for further gasification.
  • the gasification temperature can be reduced to 300 ° C during operation.
  • the openings through which the air is introduced into the mixing chamber can be rows of holes or slots, or a combination of both.
  • the openings open tangentially into the mixing chamber, as a result of which the best swirl effect is achieved.
  • the burner is advantageously arranged directly in the combustion chamber, so that the air is heated before it enters the mixing chamber.
  • At least one deflection channel is provided for warm air to pass through all openings and cold air not already entering the mixing chamber at the entrance to the air chamber.
  • a heat-dissipating block protruding into the flame is inserted into or formed on the housing of the mixing chamber, or that there is an auxiliary air opening next to the baffle plate.
  • n there is heat dissipation from the flame and in the second case, substoichiometric combustion with an air ratio n of 0.7 to 1.0.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 each show a schematic longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention and FIG. 5 shows a section along the line A-A of FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the channel-shaped mixing chamber 1 is surrounded by a cylindrical housing 2, into which electrical resistance heating elements 3 are inserted.
  • the lateral openings through which air is led into the mixing chamber 1 are formed by holes 4 and slots 5.
  • the holes 4 and the slots 5 open tangentially into the mixing chamber 1.
  • the air chamber 6 is formed by a housing 7. In the air chamber 6 there is a deflection channel 8, so that the air, as can be seen in the figures of the drawing, is first led from the rear to the front end of the housing 2 and then returned again, whereby it passes through the bores 4 and the slots 5 into the Mixing chamber 1 arrives.
  • the counter heating elements 3 are able to heat the housing 2 to 400 °. As already mentioned, this is only necessary when the burner is started, after which the temperature can be lowered and the temperature from the combustion chamber can be used.
  • the liquid fuel for example light heating oil
  • the feed pipe 9 extends into the vacuum region formed by the tangentially entering air, so that the fuel is roughly atomized immediately.
  • the temperature prevailing in the mixing chamber 1 immediately leads to gasification of the fuel.
  • a baffle plate 10 is arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber 1.
  • An ignition rod 11 is located in front of the storage plate 10.
  • a block 12 is arranged at the front end of the housing 2, which protrudes into the storage plate 10 and into the flame.
  • the block 12 causes heat to be dissipated from the flame to the housing 2. This means on the one hand an energy saving and on the other hand a reduction in the NOX values.
  • a reduction in the NOX values is also achieved in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which an annular secondary air opening 13 is provided in addition to the storage plate 10.
  • a baffle plate 10 is also arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber 1.
  • the housing 2 has a flange 15 on the flame side, which forms the end of the air chamber 6.
  • preheated air in the mixing chamber 1 can pass the baffle plate 10 at the gap 16 and, on the other hand, secondary air reaches the flame through the bores 17 directly from the air chamber 6.
  • a temperature sensor 14 can also be inserted into the housing 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel and air are brought together in a cylindrical mixing chamber (1), in which a depression can be created. The air is fed into the mixing chamber (1) via lateral openings in the housing (2) of said chamber, from an air chamber (6) surrounding the mixing chamber (1). A cyclone is produced in the latter and the fuel is admitted to said chamber (1) along its longitudinal center axis. The housing (2) of the mixing chamber (1) can be heated by at least one electric resistance heating element (3). The length of the mixing chamber (1) is greater than its diameter, and the lateral openings extend at least approximately over the whole length of the housing (2) and are slots (5) or bores (4) which open tangentially into the mixing chamber (1).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Brenner für die Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff, wobei der Brennstoff und Luft in einer zylindrischen Mischkammer, deren Länge größer als deren Durchmesser ist, zusammengeführt werden, in der ein Unterdruck herstellbar ist, indem die Luft von einer die Mischkammer umgebenden Luftkammer über seitliche Öffnungen im Gehäuse der Mischkammer, die sich annähernd über die gesamte Länge des Gehäuses erstrecken, in die Mischkammer geführt wird und der darin einen Zyklon bildet und wobei der Brennstoff in der Längsmittelachse der Mischkammer in diese eingelassen wird.The invention relates to a burner for the combustion of liquid fuel, the fuel and air being brought together in a cylindrical mixing chamber, the length of which is greater than their diameter, in which a negative pressure can be produced by removing the air from a chamber surrounding the mixing chamber Air chamber through lateral openings in the housing of the mixing chamber, which extend approximately over the entire length of the housing, is guided into the mixing chamber and forms a cyclone therein and the fuel is let into the mixing chamber in the longitudinal central axis thereof.

Die Verbrennung von Heizöl-für Heizzwecke ist nach wie vor die umweltfreundlichste Lösung und wird mit Sicherheit das nächste Jahrzehnt aus folgenden Gründen dominierend sein :

  • 1. Kohle ist durch hohen Schwefelgehalt und die schlechte Steuerbarkeit der Verbrennung wesentlich umweltbelastender als Heizöl. Die Emission von Schwefeldioxid S02 und Ruß und die Staubemission sind beträchtlich.
  • 2. Holz ist nicht in genügender Menge vorhanden. Auch bringt die Verbrennung von Holz laut Untersuchung vom Frauenhofer-Institut für Holzforschung bei Kleinfeuerungen gewaltige Emissionsprobleme bei Ruß, Teer, Asche und verschiedenen geruchsintensiven und schädlichen gasförmigen Stoffen mit sich, deren Höhe von der Holzqualität und Feuchtigkeit sowie von der Art der Bedienung der Holzfeuerung abhängt.
  • 3. Bei der Stromheizung kommt es darauf an, wie der Strom erzeugt wird. Kalorische Kraftwerke haben nur einen Wirkungsgrad von ca. 50 % und werden mit Atomreaktoren, Kohle und Öl befeuert. (Der feuerungstechnische Wirkungsgrad einer Ölfeuerung liegt zwischen 90 und 95 %).
  • 4. Wärmepumpen und Sonnenkollektoren sind für unsere Breitengrade nur für die Heizungs- Übergangszeit sinnvoll. Die Amortisationszeit einer solchen Anlage beträgt mindestens 5 Jahre. Die steigenden Energiepreise und die immer höher werdende Umweltbelastung an C02 durch die Verbrennung von Kohlenstoffen (Heizung-Auto-Flugzeug) und die damit verbundenen höheren Schadtstoffauswürfe, wie Schwefeldioxid S02, Stickoxid NOX und unverbrannte Kohlenstoffe CO, fordern einerseits eine noch bessere Verbrennung bei Ölfeuerungen und andererseits eine Reduzierung des Brennstoffverbrauches durch bessere Isolation der Häuser.
The combustion of heating oil for heating purposes is still the most environmentally friendly solution and will definitely dominate the next decade for the following reasons:
  • 1. Coal is much more polluting than heating oil due to the high sulfur content and the poor controllability of the combustion. The emission of sulfur dioxide S02 and soot and the dust emission are considerable.
  • 2. There is not enough wood. According to a study by the Frauenhofer Institute for Wood Research in small furnaces, the burning of wood also brings with it enormous emissions problems with soot, tar, ash and various odor-intensive and harmful gaseous substances, the amount of which depends on the quality and humidity of the wood and the way in which it is operated .
  • 3. With electricity heating, it depends on how the electricity is generated. Caloric power plants only have an efficiency of approx. 50% and are fired with nuclear reactors, coal and oil. (The firing efficiency of an oil firing is between 90 and 95%).
  • 4. Heat pumps and solar panels are only useful for our latitudes for the heating transition period. The payback period for such a system is at least 5 years. The rising energy prices and the increasing environmental pollution at C02 due to the combustion of carbon (heating-car-plane) and the associated higher emissions of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide S02, nitrogen oxide NOX and unburned carbon CO, on the one hand require even better combustion in oil fires and on the other hand, a reduction in fuel consumption through better insulation of the houses.

Wurden früher in Einfamilienhäuser Heizkessel mit 30 kW installiert, so sind es heute vorwiegend nur noch Kessel mit 15 kW.Whereas boilers with 30 kW were previously installed in single-family houses, today they are predominantly only boilers with 15 kW.

Bei optimaler Gebäudeisolation und neuzeitlicher Installation der Warmwasser-Heizanlage werden zukünftig aber nur mehr Heizkessel mit 5-10 kW pro Einfamilienhaus benötigt.With optimal building insulation and modern installation of the hot water heating system, in future only boilers with 5-10 kW per single family house will be required.

Überdimensionierte Heizungsanlagen haben oft nur einen Jahresanlagen-Wirkungsgrad von 60 % gegenüber neuzeitlichen Installationen mit 80-90 %.Oversized heating systems often only have an annual system efficiency of 60% compared to modern installations with 80-90%.

Da derzeit am Markt Ölbrenner mit Druckzerstäuberdüsen bedingt durch die kleine Bohrung und schmalen Tangentialschlitzen der Zerstäuberdüse erst ab 14 kW Heizleistung störungsfrei funktionieren, fehlt es aus folgenden Gründen an geeigneten Ölbrennern mit Leistungen von 5-10 kW.

  • 1. Die bei Etagenheizungen viel eingesetzten Ölöfen, die nach dem Verdampfungssystem arbeiten, mit einer Leistung von 5-15 kW, werden wegen der schlechten Verbrennungsergebnisse während der Start- und Abschaltphase in Zukunft immer weniger geeignet sein.
  • 2. Das System « Druckluftzerstäubung ", bei dem mittels Druckluft von ca. 1 bar Heizöl zerstäubt wird, ist betriebssicher von 5 kW aufwärts. Auch die Verbrennungsergebnisse sind sehr gut. Nachteilig sind jedoch die Herstellungskosten wegen des notwendigen Kompressors usw. sowie das laute Verbrennungsgeräusch.
  • 3. Neu entwickelte Verdampfungs- oder Vergasungsbrenner sind bisher an der Betriebssicherheit und den zu hohen Herstellungskosten gescheitert.
Since oil burners with pressure atomizing nozzles only function properly on the market due to the small bore and narrow tangential slots of the atomizing nozzle only from 14 kW heating output, suitable oil burners with outputs of 5-10 kW are lacking for the following reasons.
  • 1. The oil stoves used a lot in floor heating systems, which work according to the evaporation system, with an output of 5-15 kW, will be less and less suitable in the future due to the poor combustion results during the start and shutdown phase.
  • 2. The "compressed air atomization " system , in which compressed air is used to atomize around 1 bar of heating oil, is operationally reliable from 5 kW upwards. The combustion results are also very good. However, the manufacturing costs due to the necessary compressor etc. and the loud combustion noise are disadvantageous .
  • 3. Newly developed evaporation or gasification burners have so far failed due to operational safety and the excessive manufacturing costs.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Brenner zu entwickeln der bei einer Leistung von 5-15 kW eine optimale Verbrennung bei höchstem Feuerungsgrad ermöglicht und der trotzdem preisgünstig ist. Wegen der damit erzielbaren optimalen Verbrennung wurde das Prinzip des Ölvergasens gewählt.The object of the invention is to develop a burner which, with an output of 5-15 kW, enables optimum combustion with the highest degree of firing and which is nevertheless inexpensive. The principle of oil gasification was chosen because of the optimal combustion that can be achieved with it.

Aus der EP-A-7 424 ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners für flüssige Brennstoffe ohne Brennstoffpumpe bekannt und eine nach dem Verfahren arbeitende Brennereinrichtung. Diese Brennereinrichtung arbeitet jedoch auf dem Prinzip eines Druckluftzerstäubers. Es kommt lediglich zu einer Zerstäubung des Heizöls und nicht zu einem Vergasen.From EP-A-7 424 a method for operating a burner for liquid fuels without a fuel pump is known and a burner device operating according to the method. However, this burner device works on the principle of a compressed air atomizer. The fuel oil is only atomized and not gasified.

Die EP-A-28 025 beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mikroflüssigkeitströpfchen, ebenfalls bei einem Brenner. Auch hier erfolgt kein Vergasen des Heizöls.EP-A-28 025 describes a method and an apparatus for producing micro liquid droplets, also in a burner. Here, too, there is no gasification of the heating oil.

Aus der DE-A-3005042 ist ein Brenner bekannt, dessen Mischkammer nach der Art einer Druckluftzerstäuberdüse arbeitet.A burner is known from DE-A-3005042, the mixing chamber of which works in the manner of a compressed air atomizing nozzle.

Die Brennervorrichtung braucht einen hohen Zerstäubungsdruck. In der Mischkammer wird kein Gasgemisch erzeugt sondern ein Ölnebel, der in die Brennkammer austritt. Die Einlaßöffnung für das Öl befindet sich unmittelbar an der stirnseitigen Abschlußfläche der Mischkammer.The burner device needs a high atomization pressure. No gas mixture is generated in the mixing chamber, but an oil mist that exits into the combustion chamber. The inlet opening for the oil is located directly on the end face of the mixing chamber.

Die DE-A1-3036841 zeigt einen Brenner mit Vorwärmung des Heizöles.DE-A1-3036841 shows a burner with preheating the heating oil.

Bei der Ölvergasung waren folgende Kriterien zu lösen :

  • 1. Rückstandfreies Vergasen des Heizöles, sodaß es zu keinen Ablagerungen kommt.
  • 2. Start und Abschaltverhalten : Die Vergasung des Heizöles muß beim Start des Brenners in Sekundenbruchteilen voll eingeleitet - und beim Abschalten des Ölbrenners ebenso wieder sofort unterbrochen werden. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so geht beim Start und beim Abschalten des Ölbrenners Öldampf mangels Zündfähigkeit verloren.
  • 3. Durchmischung mit Verbrennungsluft: Die zwei leichten Medien Luft und Ölgas lassen sich auf Grund der geringen kinetischen Energie schlecht mischen.
The following criteria had to be solved for oil gasification:
  • 1. Residue-free gasification of the heating oil so that there are no deposits.
  • 2. Start and switch-off behavior: The gasification of the heating oil must be fully initiated in a split second when the burner is started - and immediately when the oil burner is switched off to be interrupted. If this is not the case, oil vapor is lost due to a lack of ignitability when the oil burner is started and switched off.
  • 3. Mixing with combustion air: The two light media air and oil gas are difficult to mix due to the low kinetic energy.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Brenner zu schaffen, der den Vorteil aufweist, daß es sofort zu einer groben Zerstäubung des Brennstoff es und anschließend zur Vergasung kommt. _.The object of the invention is to provide a burner which has the advantage that there is immediate coarse atomization of the fuel and then gasification. _.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wurde dadurch gelöst, daß das Gehäuse der Mischkammer durch mindestens einen elektrischen Widerstandsheizkörper erwärmbar ist und daß der Brennstoff über ein Zufuhrrohr in die Mischkammer eingeführt wird, das bis in die Unterdruckzone der Mischkammer reicht.The object of the invention was achieved in that the housing of the mixing chamber can be heated by at least one electrical resistance heating element and that the fuel is introduced into the mixing chamber via a feed pipe which extends into the negative pressure zone of the mixing chamber.

Der oder die in das Gehäuse der Mischkammer eingesetzten Elektroheizkörper bringt bzw. bringen das Gehäuse auf eine Temperatur von 400 °C Erst wenn diese Temperatur erreicht wird, erfolgt zuerst die Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft und dann die Ölzufuhr. Das Öl, das aus dem Züfuhrungsrohr direkt in die Unterdruckzone des Heißluftzyklons eintritt, wird durch die rotierende Heißluftbewegung und den Unterdruck grob zerstäubt und in Sekundenbruchteilen durch die Heißluft und Strahlungswärme vergast.The electric heater (s) inserted into the housing of the mixing chamber brings the housing to a temperature of 400 ° C. When this temperature is reached, the combustion air is first supplied and then the oil is supplied. The oil that enters the feed pipe directly into the vacuum zone of the hot air cyclone is roughly atomized by the rotating hot air movement and the vacuum and gasified in a split second by the hot air and radiant heat.

Das vergaste Öl wird durch weitere Heißluftzuführung auf eine Luftzahl n 1,1 bis 1,15 gemischt.The gasified oil is mixed by an additional hot air supply to an air ratio n 1.1 to 1.15.

Vorteilhaft ist an der Austrittsseite der Mischkammer eine Stauplatte angeordnet. Vor der Stauscheibe wird das zündfähige Gas-Luft-Gemisch mittels einer Zündelektrode gezündet und verbrennt als Blauflamme absolut ruß- und fast COfrei.A baffle plate is advantageously arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber. In front of the baffle plate, the ignitable gas-air mixture is ignited by means of an ignition electrode and burns as a blue flame, absolutely free of soot and almost CO.

Die Strahlungswärme vom Feuerraum erwärmt die Verbrennungsluft auf 80 bis 90 %, sodaß zur weiteren Vergasung nur mehr 10 bis 20 % Strom (ca. 150-250 Watt/h) benötigt werden. Während des Betriebes kann die Vergasungstemperatur auf 300 °C reduziert werden.The radiant heat from the combustion chamber heats the combustion air to 80 to 90%, so that only 10 to 20% electricity (approx. 150-250 watts / h) is required for further gasification. The gasification temperature can be reduced to 300 ° C during operation.

Die Öffnungen, über die die Luft in die Mischkammer eingebracht wird, können Lochreihen oder Schlitze sein, oder eine Kombination von beiden.The openings through which the air is introduced into the mixing chamber can be rows of holes or slots, or a combination of both.

Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, daß die Öffnungen tangential in die Mischkammer einmünden, wodurch der beste Wirbeleffekt erzielt wird.It is advantageously provided that the openings open tangentially into the mixing chamber, as a result of which the best swirl effect is achieved.

Der Brenner ist vorteilhaft direkt im Brennraum angeordnet, sodaß es zu einer Erwärmung der Luft kommt, bevor diese in die Mischkammer eintritt. Dafür daß durch alle Öffnungen warme Luft tritt und nicht bereits kalte Luft beim Eingang der Luftkammer in die Mischkammer eintritt, ist mindestens ein Umlenkkanal vorgesehen.The burner is advantageously arranged directly in the combustion chamber, so that the air is heated before it enters the mixing chamber. At least one deflection channel is provided for warm air to pass through all openings and cold air not already entering the mixing chamber at the entrance to the air chamber.

Wegen der heißen, intensiven Gasflamme können höhere NOX-Werte entstehen, wie bei normalen Druckzerstäuberbrennern.Because of the hot, intense gas flame, higher NOX values can occur, as with normal pressure atomizing burners.

Vorteilhaft ist daher vorgesehen, daß in das Gehäuse der Mischkammer ein in die Flamme ragender, wärmeableitender Block eingesetzt oder an dieser ausgebildet ist, oder daß neben der Stauplatte eine Nebenluftöffnung ist. Im erstgenannten Fall kommt es zu einer Wärmeableitung von der Flamme und im zweiten Fall zu einer unterstöchiometrischen Verbrennung mit einer Luftzahl n von 0,7 bis 1,0.It is therefore advantageously provided that a heat-dissipating block protruding into the flame is inserted into or formed on the housing of the mixing chamber, or that there is an auxiliary air opening next to the baffle plate. In the former case, there is heat dissipation from the flame and in the second case, substoichiometric combustion with an air ratio n of 0.7 to 1.0.

Nachfolgend werden verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen eingehend beschrieben, ohne daß die Erfindung darauf eingeschränkt sein soll. Ebenso sollen die in den nachfolgenden Patentansprüchen angeführten Bezugszeichen keine Einschränkung bedeuten. sie dienen lediglich dem erleichterten Auffinden bezogener Teile in de Figuren der Zeichnungen.Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings, without the invention being restricted thereto. Likewise, the reference numerals cited in the following patent claims are not intended to mean any restriction. they only serve to make it easier to find related parts in the figures of the drawings.

Die Fig. 1 bis 4 zeigen jeweils einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Brenner und die Fig. 5 zeigt einen Schnitt nach der Linie A-A der Fig. 1 bis 4.1 to 4 each show a schematic longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention and FIG. 5 shows a section along the line A-A of FIGS. 1 to 4.

Wie aus den Figuren der Zeichnungen ersichtlich, ist die kanalförmige Mischkammer 1 von einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 2 umgeben, in das elektrische Widerstandsheizkörper 3 eingesetzt sind.As can be seen from the figures of the drawings, the channel-shaped mixing chamber 1 is surrounded by a cylindrical housing 2, into which electrical resistance heating elements 3 are inserted.

In den gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen werden die seitlichen Öffnungen, über die Luft in die Mischkammer 1 geführt wird, von Löchern 4 und Schlitzen 5 gebildet. Die Löcher 4 und die Schlitze 5 münden tangential in die Mischkammer 1.In the exemplary embodiments shown, the lateral openings through which air is led into the mixing chamber 1 are formed by holes 4 and slots 5. The holes 4 and the slots 5 open tangentially into the mixing chamber 1.

Die Luftkammer 6 wird von einem Gehäuse 7 gebildet. In der Luftkammer 6 befindet sich ein Umlenkkanal 8, sodaß die Luft, wie in den Figuren der Zeichnung ersichtlich, erst von hinten zum vorderen Ende des Gehäuses 2 geführt und anschließend wieder zurückgeleitet wird, wobei sie durch die Bohrungen 4 und die Schlitze 5 in die Mischkammer 1 gelangt.The air chamber 6 is formed by a housing 7. In the air chamber 6 there is a deflection channel 8, so that the air, as can be seen in the figures of the drawing, is first led from the rear to the front end of the housing 2 and then returned again, whereby it passes through the bores 4 and the slots 5 into the Mixing chamber 1 arrives.

Die Widersandsheizkörper 3 sind in der Lage, das Gehäuse 2 auf 400° zu erhitzen. Dies ist, wie bereits erwähnt, jedoch nur beim Start des Brenners notwendig, anschließend kann die Temperatur abgesenkt werden und auch die Temperatur aus dem Brennraum genutzt werden.The counter heating elements 3 are able to heat the housing 2 to 400 °. As already mentioned, this is only necessary when the burner is started, after which the temperature can be lowered and the temperature from the combustion chamber can be used.

Der flüssige Brennstoff, beispielsweise Heizöl-Leicht, tritt über ein Zuführrohr 9 in die Mischkammer 1 ein. Das Zuführrohr 9 ragt bis in den von der tangential eintretenden Luft gebildeten Vakuumbereich, sodaß es sofort zu einer groben Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes kommt. Durch die in der Mischkammer 1 herrschende Temperatur kommt es unmittelbar anschließend zur Vergasung des Brennstoffes.The liquid fuel, for example light heating oil, enters the mixing chamber 1 via a feed pipe 9. The feed pipe 9 extends into the vacuum region formed by the tangentially entering air, so that the fuel is roughly atomized immediately. The temperature prevailing in the mixing chamber 1 immediately leads to gasification of the fuel.

An der Austrittsseite der Mischkammer 1 ist eine Stauplatte 10 angeordnet. Vor der Stauplatte 10 befindet sich ein Zündstab 11.A baffle plate 10 is arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber 1. An ignition rod 11 is located in front of the storage plate 10.

Im Ausfürungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 2 ist am vorderen Ende des Gehäuses 2 ein Block 12 angeordnet, der in die Stauplatte 10 und in die Flamme ragt.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, a block 12 is arranged at the front end of the housing 2, which protrudes into the storage plate 10 and into the flame.

Der Block 12 bewirkt eine Wärmeableitung von der Flamme zum Gehäuse 2. Dies bedeutet zum einen eine Energieersparnis und zum anderen eine Herabsetzung der NOX-Werte.The block 12 causes heat to be dissipated from the flame to the housing 2. This means on the one hand an energy saving and on the other hand a reduction in the NOX values.

Eine Herabsetzung der NOX-Werte wird auch im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 3 erzielt, bei dem neben der Stauplatte 10 eine ringförmige Nebenluftöffnung 13 vorgesehen ist.A reduction in the NOX values is also achieved in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, in which an annular secondary air opening 13 is provided in addition to the storage plate 10.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Fig. 4 ist an der Austrittsseite der Mischkammer 1 ebenso eine Stauplatte 10 angeordnet.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, a baffle plate 10 is also arranged on the outlet side of the mixing chamber 1.

Das Gehäuse 2 weist flammenseitig einen Flansch 15 auf, der den Abschluß der Luftkammer 6 bildet.The housing 2 has a flange 15 on the flame side, which forms the end of the air chamber 6.

Einerseits kann in der Mischkammer 1 vorgeheizte Luft beim Spalt 16 an der Stauplatte 10 vorbeigehen und andererseits gelangt Nebenluft durch die Bohrungen 17 direkt aus der Luftkammer 6 zur Flamme.On the one hand, preheated air in the mixing chamber 1 can pass the baffle plate 10 at the gap 16 and, on the other hand, secondary air reaches the flame through the bores 17 directly from the air chamber 6.

In das Gehäuse 2 kann noch ein Temperaturfüler 14 eingesetzt sein.A temperature sensor 14 can also be inserted into the housing 2.

Claims (9)

1. A burner for the combustion of liquid fuel wherein the fuel and air are brought together in a cylindrical mixing chamber, the length of which is larger than the diameter thereof and in which a reduced pressure can be produced, by the air being passed into the mixing chamber from an air chamber surrounding the mixing chamber, by way of lateral openings in the housing of the mixing chamber, which openings extend approximately over the entire length of the housing, and the air forming a cyclone in the mixing chamber, and wherein the fuel is introduced into the mixing chamber on the longitudinal centre line thereof, characterised in that the housing (2) of the mixing chamber (1) can be heated by at least one electrical resistance heating body (3) and that the fuel is introduced into the mixing chamber (1) by way of a feed pipe (9) which extends into the reduced-pressure zone of the mixing chamber (1).
2. A burner according to claim 1 characterised in that the lateral openings are slots (5).
3. A burner according to claim 1 characterised in that the lateral openings are rows of bores (4).
4. A burner according to claim 2 or claim 3 characterised in that the openings open tangentially into the mixing chamber (1).
5. A burner according to claim 1 characterised in that a heat-dissipating block (12) which projects into the flame is fitted into the housing (2) of the mixing chamber (1) or is provided on the latter.
6. A burner according to claim 1 characterised in that at least one direction-changing passage (8) is provided in the air chamber (6).
7. A burner according to claim 1 characterised in that a baffle plate (10) is disposed at the exit end of the mixing chamber (1).
8. A burner according to claims 5 and 7 characterised in that the block (12) projects into the baffle plate (10).
9. A burner according to claim 7 characterised by a secondary air opening (13) beside the baffle plate (10).
EP87906554A 1986-10-27 1987-10-13 Burner for the combustion of liquid fuel Expired - Lifetime EP0287596B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2855/86 1986-10-27
AT285586 1986-10-27

Publications (2)

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EP0287596A1 EP0287596A1 (en) 1988-10-26
EP0287596B1 true EP0287596B1 (en) 1990-03-28

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EP87906554A Expired - Lifetime EP0287596B1 (en) 1986-10-27 1987-10-13 Burner for the combustion of liquid fuel

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EP (1) EP0287596B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988003249A1 (en)

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US10422534B2 (en) * 2006-06-26 2019-09-24 Joseph Michael Teets Fuel air premix chamber for a gas turbine engine

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DE102004059148A1 (en) * 2004-12-08 2006-06-14 Webasto Ag Burning device for liquid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1988003249A1 (en) 1988-05-05
EP0287596A1 (en) 1988-10-26

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