EP0284762B1 - Apparatus for cooling synthesis gas in a quench cooler - Google Patents

Apparatus for cooling synthesis gas in a quench cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0284762B1
EP0284762B1 EP88102397A EP88102397A EP0284762B1 EP 0284762 B1 EP0284762 B1 EP 0284762B1 EP 88102397 A EP88102397 A EP 88102397A EP 88102397 A EP88102397 A EP 88102397A EP 0284762 B1 EP0284762 B1 EP 0284762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inner casing
gas
water
spray nozzles
casing
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP88102397A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0284762A2 (en
EP0284762A3 (en
Inventor
Arnold Dr. Tolle
Manfred Förster
Heinz Haacker
Helmut Wensing
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MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
Original Assignee
MAN Gutehoffnungshutte GmbH
Deutsche Babcock Werke Energie und Umwelttechnik AG
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Priority to AT88102397T priority Critical patent/ATE64148T1/en
Publication of EP0284762A2 publication Critical patent/EP0284762A2/en
Publication of EP0284762A3 publication Critical patent/EP0284762A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845—Quench rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00—Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/02—Slagging producer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cooling a synthesis gas generated in a gasification reactor with the aid of a quench cooler according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a synthesis gas cooler is known in which the synthesis gas generated in a gasification reactor is only cooled indirectly via two concentrically arranged tube walls through which a cooling medium flows.
  • the outlet of the gasification reactor opens directly into the cooler.
  • the cooler receives a water sump in the lower part to quench the slag contained in the synthesis gas.
  • the cooled synthesis gas is discharged through a gas outlet nozzle arranged above the water sump.
  • the gasification reactor known from DE-C-2 940 933 has a widened outlet opening, which is followed by an inner jacket of a quench cooler provided with trickle cooling.
  • the application of a water film on the surface of the inner jacket is difficult, since there is a risk that the water to be applied evaporates on the hot surface and thus the water film tears open.
  • the gas generated in the gasification reactor is passed through the water sump in the known quench cooler, being cooled, saturated with water and freed from liquid slag and fly ash.
  • a disadvantage of such quench cooling is that the water from the water sump also absorbs the halogen components of the synthesis gas and is heated by the gas. The water must therefore one after separating the solids Processing and cooling are subjected.
  • the known quench cooler there is the risk that the gas entrains water droplets in which fine dust particles are suspended when it exits the water sump. These dust particles can stick to the wall of the cooler and in the subsequent pipes and lead to blockages.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the generic quench cooler in such a way that clogging of the gasification reactor is avoided when water is injected into the quench cooler.
  • the intermediate section between the reactor outlet and the arrangement of the spray nozzles prevents the already cooled synthesis gas from coming into contact with the reactor outlet due to an internal backflow. This keeps the reactor outlet warm so that the reactor outlet is not blocked by solidification of the liquid slag outflow.
  • the water vapor content in the synthesis gas is adjusted by spraying water into the gas stream and not when it passes through the water sump. In normal operation, the surface temperature on the cooled inner jacket becomes approximately equal to the saturation temperature corresponding to the gasification operating pressure, so that undershoots on the inner jacket are reliably avoided.
  • a quench cooler which contains an outer pressure jacket 1, is flanged to the outlet of a pressure gasification reactor, not shown.
  • the gas inlet 2 of the quench cooler is lined fireproof and has the same diameter as the outlet of the gasification reactor.
  • An intermediate section 3 of enlarged diameter adjoins the gas inlet 2. The height of the intermediate section 3 corresponds to approximately half to a simple value of its diameter.
  • the gas inlet 2 and the intermediate section 3 are provided with refractory heat insulation.
  • the lower part of the inner jacket 5 receives a water sump 6, which is connected to an outlet nozzle 7 at the lower end of the pressure jacket 1.
  • the water sump 6 serves to quench the liquid slag contained in the synthesis gas.
  • the quenched slag is withdrawn from the outlet nozzle 7 together with the water from the water sump 6.
  • one or more gas outlet connections 8 are provided, which are passed through the inner jacket 5 and the pressure jacket 1.
  • guide surfaces 9 are arranged obliquely downwards in the form of a funnel and are led out of the course of the inner jacket 5.
  • the lower edges of the guide surfaces 9 project into the interior of the inner casing 5 and are supported on the inner casing 5 by means of pipes 10. In this way, the gas flowing through the inner jacket 5 is deflected to improve dust separation before it exits through the gas outlet connection 8.
  • the inner jacket 5 consists of a steel wall, which is provided on the back with an open, pressure-free relative to the process pressure evaporative cooling.
  • the pressure jacket 1 is provided in the lower part with a nozzle 11 which opens into the annular space 4.
  • Treated feed water is fed into the annular space 4 through the nozzle 11.
  • a chamber 12 is formed at the upper end of the annular space 4.
  • Downpipes 13 are arranged in the annular space 4 and are welded into a perforated plate 14. The downpipes 13 are passed through the inner jacket 5 with the lower ends below the level of the gas outlet connection 8 and connect the chamber 12 to the interior of the inner jacket 5, so that there is pressure compensation.
  • the lower ends of the downpipes 13 can end above the water sump 6 or can dip into the water sump 6.
  • the water volume within the annular space 4 is chosen so large that in the event of any malfunctions in the quench system over a certain time, which is sufficient to take countermeasures, the entire residual and storage heat accumulated can be dissipated through the open evaporation system. Via the downpipes 13, the water fed continuously through the nozzle 11 during operation and the accumulated saturated steam are passed into the water sump 6.
  • Spray nozzles 15 protrude into the interior of the inner jacket 5.
  • the spray nozzles 15 are installed in cooled lances 16, which are interchangeably passed through the pressure jacket 1 and the inner jacket 5.
  • the spray nozzles 15 can be aligned both axially and radially with respect to the lance 16 or can be inclined downwards.
  • the lances 16 can be horizontal or obliquely downwards directional installed in the quench cooler. A first row of such lances 16 is arranged immediately below the intermediate section 3. Additional lances can be provided below this upper row of lances 16.
  • the front edges of the lances 16 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the intermediate section 3. In this way, the lances 16 are protected against slag flowing off.
  • the intermediate section 3 serves to ensure that the cooled synthesis gas does not come into contact with the edge of the gas inlet 2 by an internal backflow and would cool it, so that freezing of the slag flowing away, which would lead to a blockage of the gas inlet 2, is avoided becomes.
  • the amount of water added via the spray nozzles 15 is dimensioned such that the water evaporates almost completely and the synthesis gas is cooled to about 300 to 600 degrees C. when it exits through the gas outlet connection 8. At this temperature, the water vapor contained in the synthesis gas does not yet condense out, so that no significant amounts of halogens can get into the water of the water sump 6. The water sump does not heat up, which makes handling of the sump contents easier when discharging the quenched slag.
  • the cooled gas is optionally fed to a further processing system after further cooling in a radiation or convection cooler via a gas scrubber.
  • the inner jacket 5 is designed as a gas-tight tube wall.
  • the tube wall also forms the intermediate section 3.
  • the tubes are laid in a spiral in the tube wall and water is applied to them via tubes 17.
  • the spray nozzles 15 are integrated into the tube wall of the inner jacket 5.
  • the annular space between the inner jacket 5 and the pressure jacket 1 can also be filled with thermal insulation 18. Cooling tubes 19 are guided through this heat insulation 18.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement for cooling a synthetic gas, generated in a gasification reactor, by means of a quenching cooler. The cooler is positioned below the outlet from the reactor and comprises a refrigerated inner jacket (5) surrounded by a pressurization jacket (1) and accommodating a water sump (6). There is an intermediate section (3) between the inner jacket and the outlet from the gasification reactor that is shorter in diameter than the inner jacket and longer in diameter than the outlet from the reactor. Spray nozzles (15) extend into the inner jacket. One or more gas-outlet connections (8) extend through the inner jacket in a plane above the sump.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines in einem Vergasungsreaktor erzeugten Synthesegases mit Hilfe eines Quenchkühlers nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for cooling a synthesis gas generated in a gasification reactor with the aid of a quench cooler according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung zur Kühlung von Synthesegas (DE-A-2 650 512) mündet der feuerfest ausgekleidete Austritt des Vergasungsreaktors direkt in den Quenchkühler. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, daß durch eine interne Rückströmung innerhalb des Quenchkühlers bereits abgekühltes Synthesegas mit der Austrittskante des Reaktoraustrittes in Berührung kommt. Dadurch kann die Austrittskante soweit abgekühlt werden, daß die abfließende, in dem Synthesegas enthaltene Schlacke einfriert und den Reaktorausgang verstopft. Das in dem Quenchkühler abgekühlte Synthesegas wird zur weiteren Abkühlung einem Wärmetauscher zugeführt.In a known device for cooling synthesis gas (DE-A-2 650 512), the refractory-lined outlet of the gasification reactor opens directly into the quench cooler. There is a risk that already cooled synthesis gas comes into contact with the exit edge of the reactor outlet due to an internal backflow within the quench cooler. As a result, the trailing edge can be cooled to such an extent that the slag flowing off and contained in the synthesis gas freezes and clogs the reactor outlet. The syngas cooled in the quench cooler is fed to a heat exchanger for further cooling.

Aus der GB-A-2 093 175 ist ein Synthesegaskühler bekannt, bei dem das in einem Vergasungsreaktor erzeugte Synthesegas ausschließlich indirekt über zwei konzentrisch angeordnete und von einem Kühlmedium durchströmte Rohrwände gekühlt wird. Auch bei diesem Synthesegaskühler mündet der Austritt des Vergasungsreaktors unmittelbar in den Kühler hinein. Der Kühler nimmt im unteren Teil einen Wassersumpf zur Abschreckung der in dem Synthesegas enthaltenen Schlacke auf. Das gekühlte Synthesegas wird durch einen oberhalb des Wassersumpfes angeordneten Gasaustrittsstutzen abgeführt.From GB-A-2 093 175 a synthesis gas cooler is known in which the synthesis gas generated in a gasification reactor is only cooled indirectly via two concentrically arranged tube walls through which a cooling medium flows. In this synthesis gas cooler, too, the outlet of the gasification reactor opens directly into the cooler. The cooler receives a water sump in the lower part to quench the slag contained in the synthesis gas. The cooled synthesis gas is discharged through a gas outlet nozzle arranged above the water sump.

Der aus der DE-C-2 940 933 bekannte Vergasungsreaktor weist eine verbreiterte Austrittsöffnung auf, an die sich ein mit einer Rieselkühlung versehener Innenmantel eines Quenchkühlers anschließt. Das Aufbringen eines Wasserfilmes auf die Oberfläche des Innenmantels ist schwierig, da die Gefahr besteht, daß das aufzubringende Wasser an der heißen Oberfläche verdampft und somit der Wasserfilm aufreißt. Das in dem Vergasungsreaktor erzeugte Gas wird bei dem bekannten Quenchkühler durch den Wassersumpf hindurchgeführt, wobei es gekühlt, mit Wasser gesättigt und von flüssiger Schlacke und Flugasche befreit wird. Ungünstig bei einer solchen Quenchkühlung ist, daß das Wasser des Wassersumpfes auch die Halogen-Bestandteile des Synthesegases aufnimmt und durch das Gas erwärmt wird. Das Wasser muß daher nach dem Abtrennen der Feststoffe einer Aufbereitung und Kühlung unterworfen werden. Weiterhin besteht bei dem bekannten Quenchkühler die Gefahr, daß das Gas bei dem Austritt aus dem Wassersumpf Wassertropfen mitreißt, in denen feine Staubteilchen suspendiert sind. Diese Staubteilchen können an der Wand des Kühlers und in den nachfolgenden Rohrleitungen anbacken und zu Verstopfungen führen.The gasification reactor known from DE-C-2 940 933 has a widened outlet opening, which is followed by an inner jacket of a quench cooler provided with trickle cooling. The application of a water film on the surface of the inner jacket is difficult, since there is a risk that the water to be applied evaporates on the hot surface and thus the water film tears open. The gas generated in the gasification reactor is passed through the water sump in the known quench cooler, being cooled, saturated with water and freed from liquid slag and fly ash. A disadvantage of such quench cooling is that the water from the water sump also absorbs the halogen components of the synthesis gas and is heated by the gas. The water must therefore one after separating the solids Processing and cooling are subjected. Furthermore, in the known quench cooler, there is the risk that the gas entrains water droplets in which fine dust particles are suspended when it exits the water sump. These dust particles can stick to the wall of the cooler and in the subsequent pipes and lead to blockages.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Quenchkühler derart zu gestalten, daß bei einem Einspritzen von Wasser in den Quenchkühler ein Verstopfen des Vergasungsreaktors vermieden wird.The invention is based on the object of designing the generic quench cooler in such a way that clogging of the gasification reactor is avoided when water is injected into the quench cooler.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention in a generic device by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Durch den Zwischenabschnitt zwischen dem Reaktorausgang und die Anordnung der Sprühdüsen wird das bereits gekühlte Synthesegas daran gehindert, aufgrund einer internen Rückströmung mit dem Reaktorausgang in Berührung zu kommen. Dadurch wird der Reaktorausgang warm gehalten, so daß ein Verstopfen des Reaktorausganges durch Erstarren des flüssigen Schlackeabflusses verhindert wird. Darüber hinaus wird bei dieser Vorrichtung der Wasserdampfgehalt im Synthesegas durch Einsprühen von Wasser in den Gasstrom und nicht beim Durchtritt durch den Wassersumpf eingestellt. Die Oberflächentemperatur an dem gekühlten Innenmantel wird im Normalbetrieb etwa gleich der dem Vergasungsbetriebsdruck entsprechenden Sättigungstemperatur, so daß Taupunktunterschreitungen an dem Innenmantel sicher vermieden werden.The intermediate section between the reactor outlet and the arrangement of the spray nozzles prevents the already cooled synthesis gas from coming into contact with the reactor outlet due to an internal backflow. This keeps the reactor outlet warm so that the reactor outlet is not blocked by solidification of the liquid slag outflow. In addition, in this device the water vapor content in the synthesis gas is adjusted by spraying water into the gas stream and not when it passes through the water sump. In normal operation, the surface temperature on the cooled inner jacket becomes approximately equal to the saturation temperature corresponding to the gasification operating pressure, so that undershoots on the inner jacket are reliably avoided.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 und 3 im Längsschnitt andere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung und
  • Fig. 4 die Einzelheit Z nach Fig. 1
Several embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:
  • 1 shows the longitudinal section through an embodiment of the invention,
  • 2 and 3 in longitudinal section other embodiments of the invention and
  • 4 shows the detail Z according to FIG. 1

An den Ausgang eines nicht dargestellten Druckvergasungsreaktors ist ein Quenchkühler angeflanscht, der einen äußeren Druckmantel 1 enthält. Der Gaseintritt 2 des Quenchkühlers ist feuerfest ausgekleidet und weist denselben Durchmesser auf wie der Ausgang des Vergasungsreaktors. An den Gaseintritt 2 schließt sich ein Zwischenabschnitt 3 von vergrößertem Durchmesser an. Die Höhe des Zwischenabschnittes 3 entspricht etwa dem halben bis einfachen Wert seines Durchmessers. Der Gaseintritt 2 und der Zwischenabschnitt 3 sind mit einer feuerfesten Wärmeisolierung versehen.A quench cooler, which contains an outer pressure jacket 1, is flanged to the outlet of a pressure gasification reactor, not shown. The gas inlet 2 of the quench cooler is lined fireproof and has the same diameter as the outlet of the gasification reactor. An intermediate section 3 of enlarged diameter adjoins the gas inlet 2. The height of the intermediate section 3 corresponds to approximately half to a simple value of its diameter. The gas inlet 2 and the intermediate section 3 are provided with refractory heat insulation.

Unterhalb des Gaseintrittes 2 ist mit Abstand von dem Druckmantel 1 unter Bildung eines Ringraumes 4 ein Innenmantel 5 angeordnet, der mit dem Druckmantel 1 dicht verbunden ist. Der untere Teil des Innenmantels 5 nimmt einen Wassersumpf 6 auf, der mit einem Austrittsstutzen 7 am unteren Ende des Druckmantels 1 in Verbindung steht. Der Wassersumpf 6 dient dazu, die in dem Synthesegas enthaltene flüssige Schlacke abzuschrecken. Die abgeschreckte Schlacke wird zusammen mit dem Wasser des Wassersumpfes 6 aus dem Austrittsstutzen 7 abgezogen.An inner jacket 5, which is tightly connected to the pressure jacket 1, is arranged below the gas inlet 2 at a distance from the pressure jacket 1 to form an annular space 4. The lower part of the inner jacket 5 receives a water sump 6, which is connected to an outlet nozzle 7 at the lower end of the pressure jacket 1. The water sump 6 serves to quench the liquid slag contained in the synthesis gas. The quenched slag is withdrawn from the outlet nozzle 7 together with the water from the water sump 6.

Oberhalb des Wassersumpfes 6 sind ein oder mehrere Gasaustrittsstutzen 8 vorgesehen, die durch den Innenmantel 5 und den Druckmantel 1 hindurchgeführt sind. Vor der Eintrittsebene der Gasaustrittsstutzen 8 sind schräg nach unten gerichtete Leitflächen 9 in Form eines Trichters angeordnet, die aus dem Verlauf des Innenmantels 5 herausgeführt sind. Die Unterkanten der Leitflächen 9 springen in den Innenraum des Innenmantels 5 vor und sind über Rohre 10 an dem Innenmantel 5 abgestützt. Das den Innenmantel 5 durchströmende Gas wird auf diese Weise zur Verbesserung der Staubabscheidung umgelenkt, bevor es durch die Gasaustrittsstutzen 8 austritt.Above the water sump 6, one or more gas outlet connections 8 are provided, which are passed through the inner jacket 5 and the pressure jacket 1. In front of the inlet plane of the gas outlet connection 8, guide surfaces 9 are arranged obliquely downwards in the form of a funnel and are led out of the course of the inner jacket 5. The lower edges of the guide surfaces 9 project into the interior of the inner casing 5 and are supported on the inner casing 5 by means of pipes 10. In this way, the gas flowing through the inner jacket 5 is deflected to improve dust separation before it exits through the gas outlet connection 8.

Nach Fig. 1 besteht der Innenmantel 5 aus einer Stahlwand, die auf der Rückseite mit einer offenen, relativ zum Prozeßdruck drucklosen Verdampfungskühlung versehen ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Druckmantel 1 im unteren Teil mit einem Stutzen 11 versehen, der in den Ringraum 4 einmündet. Durch den Stutzen 11 wird aufbereitetes Speisewasser in den Ringraum 4 eingespeist. Am oberen Ende des Ringraumes 4 ist eine Kammer 12 gebildet. In dem Ringraum 4 sind Fallrohre 13 angeordnet, die in ein Lochblech 14 eingeschweißt sind. Die Fallrohre 13 sind mit den unteren Enden unterhalb der Ebene der Gasaustrittsstutzen 8 durch den Innenmantel 5 hindurchgeführt und verbinden die Kammer 12 mit dem Innenraum des Innenmantels 5, so daß ein Druckausgleich besteht. Die unteren Enden der Fallrohre 13 können oberhalb des Wassersumpfes 6 enden, oder in den Wassersumpf 6 eintauchen. Das Wasservolumen innerhalb des Ringraumes 4 ist so groß gewählt, daß bei eventuellen Störfällen am Quenchsystem über eine gewisse Zeit, die ausreicht um Gegenmaßnahmen zu treffen, die gesamte anfallende Rest- und Speicherwärme durch das offene Ausdampfsystem abgeführt werden kann. Über die Fallrohre 13 wird das im Betrieb kontinuierlich über den Stutzen 11 eingespeiste Wasser sowie der anfallende Sattdampf in den Wassersumpf 6 geleitet.According to Fig. 1, the inner jacket 5 consists of a steel wall, which is provided on the back with an open, pressure-free relative to the process pressure evaporative cooling. For this purpose, the pressure jacket 1 is provided in the lower part with a nozzle 11 which opens into the annular space 4. Treated feed water is fed into the annular space 4 through the nozzle 11. At the upper end of the annular space 4, a chamber 12 is formed. Downpipes 13 are arranged in the annular space 4 and are welded into a perforated plate 14. The downpipes 13 are passed through the inner jacket 5 with the lower ends below the level of the gas outlet connection 8 and connect the chamber 12 to the interior of the inner jacket 5, so that there is pressure compensation. The lower ends of the downpipes 13 can end above the water sump 6 or can dip into the water sump 6. The water volume within the annular space 4 is chosen so large that in the event of any malfunctions in the quench system over a certain time, which is sufficient to take countermeasures, the entire residual and storage heat accumulated can be dissipated through the open evaporation system. Via the downpipes 13, the water fed continuously through the nozzle 11 during operation and the accumulated saturated steam are passed into the water sump 6.

In den Innenraum des Innenmantels 5 ragen Sprühdüsen 15 hinein. Die Sprühdüsen 15 sind in gekühlte Lanzen 16 eingebaut, die auswechselbar durch den Druckmantel 1 und den Innenmantel 5 hindurchgeführt sind. Wie in Fig. 4 zu erkennen ist, können die Sprühdüsen 15 sowohl axial als auch radial zur Lanze 16 ausgerichtet oder schräg nach unten geneigt sein. Die Lanzen 16 können horizontal oder schräg nach unten gerichtet in dem Quenchkühler eingebaut sein. Eine erste Reihe solcher Lanzen 16 ist unmittelbar unterhalb des Zwischenabschnittes 3 angeordnet. Weitere Lanzen können unterhalb dieser oberen Reihe von Lanzen 16 vorgesehen werden.Spray nozzles 15 protrude into the interior of the inner jacket 5. The spray nozzles 15 are installed in cooled lances 16, which are interchangeably passed through the pressure jacket 1 and the inner jacket 5. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the spray nozzles 15 can be aligned both axially and radially with respect to the lance 16 or can be inclined downwards. The lances 16 can be horizontal or obliquely downwards directional installed in the quench cooler. A first row of such lances 16 is arranged immediately below the intermediate section 3. Additional lances can be provided below this upper row of lances 16.

Die Vorderkanten der Lanzen 16 liegen auf einem Teilkreis, dessen Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser des Zwischenabschnittes 3. Auf diese Weise werden die Lanzen 16 vor abfließender Schlacke geschützt. Im übrigen dient der Zwischenabschnitt 3 dazu, daß das abgekühlte Synthesegas durch eine interne Rückströmung nicht mit der Kante des Gaseintrittes 2 in Berührung kommt und diese abkühlen würde, so daß ein Einfrieren der abfließenden Schlacke, das zu einem Verstopfen des Gaseintrittes 2 führen würde, vermieden wird.The front edges of the lances 16 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the intermediate section 3. In this way, the lances 16 are protected against slag flowing off. In addition, the intermediate section 3 serves to ensure that the cooled synthesis gas does not come into contact with the edge of the gas inlet 2 by an internal backflow and would cool it, so that freezing of the slag flowing away, which would lead to a blockage of the gas inlet 2, is avoided becomes.

Durch die Kühlung des Innenmantels 5 nimmt dieser eine Oberflächentemperatur an, die oberhalb des Taupunktes des Synthesegases liegt. Die über die Sprühdüsen 15 aufgegebene Wassermenge ist so bemessen, daß das Wasser nahezu vollständig verdampft und das Synthesegas beim Austritt durch die Gasaustrittsstutzen 8 auf etwa 300 bis 600 Grad C abgekühlt ist. Bei dieser Temperatur kondensiert der in dem Synthesegas enthaltene Wasserdampf noch nicht aus, so daß keine nennenswerten Mengen an Halogenen in das Wasser des Wassersumpfes 6 gelangen können. Eine Aufheizung des Wassersumpfes unterbleibt, wodurch die Handhabung des Sumpfinhaltes beim Austragen der abgeschreckten Schlacke erleichtert wird. Das abgekühlte Gas wird gegebenenfalls nach einer weiteren Abkühlung in einem Strahlungs- oder Konvektionskühler über einen Gaswäscher einer Weiterverarbeitungsanlage zugeführt.As a result of the cooling of the inner jacket 5, this takes on a surface temperature which is above the dew point of the synthesis gas. The amount of water added via the spray nozzles 15 is dimensioned such that the water evaporates almost completely and the synthesis gas is cooled to about 300 to 600 degrees C. when it exits through the gas outlet connection 8. At this temperature, the water vapor contained in the synthesis gas does not yet condense out, so that no significant amounts of halogens can get into the water of the water sump 6. The water sump does not heat up, which makes handling of the sump contents easier when discharging the quenched slag. The cooled gas is optionally fed to a further processing system after further cooling in a radiation or convection cooler via a gas scrubber.

Nach Fig. 2 ist der Innenmantel 5 als gasdichte Rohrwand ausgebildet. Die Rohrwand bildet auch den Zwischenabschnitt 3. Die Rohre sind in der Rohrwand spiralförmig verlegt und werden über Rohre 17 mit Wasser beaufschlagt. Bei dieser Anordnung sind die Sprühdüsen 15 in die Rohrwand des Innenmantels 5 integriert.2, the inner jacket 5 is designed as a gas-tight tube wall. The tube wall also forms the intermediate section 3. The tubes are laid in a spiral in the tube wall and water is applied to them via tubes 17. In this arrangement, the spray nozzles 15 are integrated into the tube wall of the inner jacket 5.

Wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist, kann der Ringraum zwischen dem Innenmantel 5 und dem Druckmantel 1 auch mit einer Wärmeisolierung 18 ausgefüllt sein. Durch diese Wärmeisolierung 18 sind Kühlrohre 19 geführt.As shown in FIG. 3, the annular space between the inner jacket 5 and the pressure jacket 1 can also be filled with thermal insulation 18. Cooling tubes 19 are guided through this heat insulation 18.

Claims (12)

1. Device for the cooling of a synthetic gas, which has been produced in a gasification reactor, with the aid of a quench cooler which is arranged underneath the exit of the gasification reactor and comprises a cooled inner casing (5), which is surrounded at a spacing by a pressure casing (1) and receives a water sump (6), wherein spray nozzles (15) project unto the interior space of the inner casing (5) and one or more gas exit nipples (8) are led through the inner casing (5) in a plane above the water sump (6), characterised thereby, that an intermediate portion (3), the diameter of which is less than that of the inner casing (5) and greater than that of the exit of the gasification reactor, is arranged between the inner casing (5) and the exit of the gasification reactor and that the front edges of the spray nozzles (15) are arranged on a pitch circle which is greater than the diameter of the intermediate portion (3).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that guide surfaces (9), which come out of the course of the inner casing (5) and the lower edges of which project into the interior space of the inner casing (5), are arranged in front of the plane of entry of the gas exit nipples (8).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that an evaporation cooling, which is free of differential pressure and open towards the interior space of the inner casing (5), is arranged between the inner casing (5) and the pressure casing (1).
4. Device according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that the annular space (4) between the pressure casing (1) and the inner casing (5) is filled with water and displays a chamber (12) at the upper end and that down pipes (13), which are led through the inner casing (5) underneath the gas exit nipples (8) and connect the chamber (12) with the interior space of the inner casing (5), are arranged in the annular space (4).
5. Device according to claim 4, characterised thereby, that the down pipes (13) end above the water sump (6).
6. Device according to claim 4, characterised thereby, that the down pipes (13) dip into the water sump (16).
7. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the inner casing (5) consists of a gas-tight tube wall flowed through by water.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the annular space (4) between the inner casing (5) and the pressure casing (1) is filled out by a heat insulation (18), through which cooling pipes (19) are led.
9. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the spray nozzles (15) are arranged in exchangeable cooled lances (16).
10. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the spray nozzles (15) are integrated into the inner casing (5).
11. Device according to claim 9, characterised thereby, that the lances (16) are directed obliquely downwards.
12. Device according to claim 1, characterised thereby, that the spray nozzles (15) or the lances (16) are arranged in several planes one above the other.
EP88102397A 1987-04-03 1988-02-19 Apparatus for cooling synthesis gas in a quench cooler Expired - Lifetime EP0284762B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88102397T ATE64148T1 (en) 1987-04-03 1988-02-19 DEVICE FOR COOLING A SYNTHESIS GAS IN A QUENCH REFRIGERATOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3711314 1987-04-03
DE19873711314 DE3711314A1 (en) 1987-04-03 1987-04-03 DEVICE FOR COOLING A SYNTHESIS GAS IN A QUENCH COOLER

Publications (3)

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EP0284762A2 EP0284762A2 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0284762A3 EP0284762A3 (en) 1989-02-08
EP0284762B1 true EP0284762B1 (en) 1991-06-05

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EP88102397A Expired - Lifetime EP0284762B1 (en) 1987-04-03 1988-02-19 Apparatus for cooling synthesis gas in a quench cooler

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US (1) US4848982A (en)
EP (1) EP0284762B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63260986A (en)
CN (1) CN1014071B (en)
AT (1) ATE64148T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3711314A1 (en)
FI (1) FI88807C (en)
ZA (1) ZA881409B (en)

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CN101809125B (en) * 2007-09-07 2013-08-21 Ccg能源科技有限责任公司 Method and device for treating charged hot gas

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CN101809125B (en) * 2007-09-07 2013-08-21 Ccg能源科技有限责任公司 Method and device for treating charged hot gas
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI881329A0 (en) 1988-03-21
FI88807B (en) 1993-03-31
DE3863104D1 (en) 1991-07-11
US4848982A (en) 1989-07-18
DE3711314A1 (en) 1988-10-13
CN88101732A (en) 1988-10-19
ZA881409B (en) 1988-09-15
FI881329A (en) 1988-10-04
JPS63260986A (en) 1988-10-27
ATE64148T1 (en) 1991-06-15
EP0284762A2 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0284762A3 (en) 1989-02-08
CN1014071B (en) 1991-09-25
FI88807C (en) 1993-07-12

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