EP0630397B1 - Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel - Google Patents

Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0630397B1
EP0630397B1 EP94905054A EP94905054A EP0630397B1 EP 0630397 B1 EP0630397 B1 EP 0630397B1 EP 94905054 A EP94905054 A EP 94905054A EP 94905054 A EP94905054 A EP 94905054A EP 0630397 B1 EP0630397 B1 EP 0630397B1
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Prior art keywords
gas
reactor
pressure vessel
quench
cooling
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EP94905054A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0630397A1 (en
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Ralf-Uwe Hartermann
Arno Hendricks
Leszek Gawlowski
Hubert Scheid
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Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
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L&C Steinmueller GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates first of all to a method for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure, in which the gas from the reactor is passed into a quench section for direct cooling with a quench medium and then into a water Steam circuit integrated cooling section is introduced and withdrawn from this.
  • the quench medium can be a quench gas or a quench liquid.
  • a water bath is located below the outlet of the liquid slag reactor.
  • This object is achieved in that the gas is drawn off from the reactor into a quench tube with a cross section which is smaller than the reactor cross section, that the gas emerging from the outlet end of the quench tube is deflected essentially by 180 ° and that in counterflow to the flow of the gas in Quench tube is passed through a cooling section surrounding the quench tube.
  • the gas is advantageously removed from the cooling section by deflection.
  • a gasification reactor is known from US Pat. No. 4,859,214, in which a gasification reactor is arranged in a pressure vessel, the upper end of which is connected to a quench tube of reduced diameter.
  • the quench tube is not surrounded by a heating surface and there is no 180 ° deflection in one and the same pressure vessel.
  • the invention is also directed to a hot gas cooling system of a system for the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure with a pressure vessel for receiving the reactor, a quench chamber connected to the outlet of the reactor and capable of being charged with a quench medium, and a cooling device connected on the gas side to the quench chamber including at least one heating surface integrated in a water-steam circuit and arranged in the pressure vessel, as is known from EP-0 115 094 A2.
  • the system is characterized according to the invention in that the quench chamber is a quench tube with a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the reactor, and that at the outlet end of the quench tube a deflection chamber for the 180 ° deflection of the gas stream exiting the quench tube is arranged and that the quench tube is surrounded along a predetermined distance by at least one bundle heating surface through which the deflected gas flow flows, and that at the outlet end of the bundle heating surface a gas collecting space is formed which is connected to at least one gas discharge line penetrating the wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the outer boundary surface of the bundle heating surface lies freely opposite the inner wall of the pressure vessel, it is advantageous if the inner wall is bricked up at least in the region of the bundle heating surface.
  • the bundle heating surface is arranged in an annular space which is delimited on the inside by the quench tube and on the outside by an outer cooling wall arranged at a distance from the inner wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the quench tube is preferably also designed as a cooling wall.
  • the outside diameter of the cooling wall or bundle heating surface corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the reactor, so that there is still an accessible space towards the inside wall of the pressure vessel.
  • the deflection chamber is designed as a blasting space.
  • the bottom of the gas collection space is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the quench tube in order to facilitate the removal of the gas laden with dust or solids from the gas collection space and to avoid any erosion problems that may occur.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the bottom of the gas collecting space is achieved if the bottom of the gas collecting space has a section surrounding the quench tube at a distance, which is sealed gas-tight at its free end against the outer wall of the quench tube. This can be done using a compensator or a stuffing box.
  • the section surrounding the quench tube can Bundle heating surface facing or applied by this. Problems of different thermal expansion can thus be taken into account more easily.
  • the gas discharge line connected to the gas collecting space passes through the wall of the pressure vessel at an inclined angle to the axis of the quench tube.
  • the bundle heating surface can consist of several bundles, each preferably consisting of individual cylinders made of wound tubes.
  • These cylinders can have different lengths.
  • the pressure vessel is preferably arranged vertically.
  • the gasification reactor is arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel, the quench tube and bundle heating surface being arranged above it.
  • the reactor is arranged in the upper part of the pressure vessel and the gas is drawn off at the lower end of the quench tube projecting downward, so that the deflection takes place in the lower end of the pressure vessel.
  • a reactor 3 is arranged in the lower part, the walls of which are switched into a water-steam circuit WDK.
  • Burners 4 for the partial combustion of coal dust with an oxygen-containing gas are assigned to the reactor.
  • the reactor 3 is provided with a slag outlet opening 5 which opens to a water bath 6 arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel.
  • the upper end of the reactor 3 is drawn in like a cone and is connected to a quench tube 7 having a smaller diameter than the reactor 3, which is designed as a cooling wall.
  • a quench medium is supplied via lines 8. Water, steam and / or cooled, recirculated gas are suitable for this.
  • the upper end 7a of the quench tube 7 opens to a deflection space 9, which is closed at its upper end by a cooled bottom 10 and the walls of which are delimited by a cooling wall 11 which extends coaxially to the quench tube.
  • the cooling wall extends down to a predetermined distance and, like the quench tube 7, is integrated into the water vapor circuit WDK.
  • a bundle heating surface 12 is arranged which consists of a plurality of cylinders 13 arranged coaxially to one another and wound from tubes.
  • the cylinders 13 have different axial lengths.
  • the inside cylinders are longer than the outside cylinders.
  • other constructions for the bundle heating surface 12 are used.
  • the cooling jacket 11 is optionally supported with other components on the pressure vessel 1 via a support device 15.
  • the water vapor circuit WDK has upper and lower collectors 16 and 17.
  • the lower end of the bundle heating surface 12 is followed by a gas collecting space 18 with a bottom 19.
  • the bottom 19 consists of an inclined bottom plate 19a and a cylindrical section 19b projecting into the gas collecting space, which is arranged at a distance from the wall of the quench tube and only at its free end is connected gastight to the wall of the quench tube.
  • a gas discharge line 20 is provided, which is connected to the gas collection space and passes through the wall of the pressure vessel 1 inclined downward.
  • the reactor 3 is arranged in the upper part in the pressure vessel 1 and the quench tube 7 extends yourself down.
  • slag guide cone 22 extends in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the outer cooling jacket 11 into the water bath 6.
  • the bottom plate 19a of the bottom for closing the gas collecting space 8 and gas discharge line 20 are both inclined downwards, but in opposite directions.
  • the gas is first generated in a reactor 3 from solid fuels in a reactor 3 at temperatures above the slag softening point by gasification of the fuels under pressure.
  • the following cooling mechanisms are effective in one and the same pressure vessel in order to cool down the raw gas loaded with liquid and solid particles:
  • the bundle heating surface can be a radiation and / or a convective heating surface. In extreme cases, it would also be possible to achieve pure radiation heat transfer only with the wall heating surfaces surrounding the quench tube. However, a bundle heating surface with a high degree of convection is preferred; a bundle heating surface which is essentially only convective is further preferred.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a pressurised reactor, in which the gas from the reactor is introduced into a quench section to which is applied a quenching medium for direct cooling and thence into cooling section included in a water-vapour circuit and extracted therefrom, in order to improve the cooling after the application of the quenching medium, the gas is extracted from the reactor into a quench pipe with a smaller cross-section than that of the reactor, the gas emerging from the outlet end of the quench pipe is deflected substantially through 180 ° and taken against the flow of the gas in the quench pipe through a cooling section surrounding said quench pipe.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft zunächst ein Verfahren zum Kühlen eines staubbeladenen Rohgases aus der Vergasung eines festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffes in einem Reaktor unter Druck, bei dem das Gas aus dem Reaktor in eine für eine direkte Kühlung mit einem Quenchmedium beaufschlagte Quenchstrecke und danach in eine in einen Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf eingebundene Kühlstrecke eingeführt wird und aus dieser abgezogen wird. Das Quenchmedium kann ein Quenchgas oder eine Quenchflüssigkeit sein.The invention relates first of all to a method for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure, in which the gas from the reactor is passed into a quench section for direct cooling with a quench medium and then into a water Steam circuit integrated cooling section is introduced and withdrawn from this. The quench medium can be a quench gas or a quench liquid.

Aus der EP- 0 115 094-A2 ist ein solches Verfahren bekannt, bei dem innerhalb eines Druckgefäßes durch den unteren Teil einer sich längs des Kessels erstreckenden Membranwand der Vergasungsreaktor, die darüberliegende Quenchstrecke, ein Strahlungsraum und eine von einer Heizfläche bestimmte Kühlstrecke definiert werden. Reaktor, Quenchstrecke und Kühlstrecke weisen den gleichen Querschnitt auf. Nach dem Verlassen des oberen Endes des Druckgefäßes wird das staubbeladene Rohgas unter Umlenkung um 90° abgezogen und einem Zyklon zugeführt. Das den Zyklon verlassende Heißgas wird einem weiteren Druckgefäß zugeführt, in dem eine weitere Heizfläche angeordnet ist.Such a method is known from EP-0 115 094-A2, in which the gasification reactor, the quenching zone above it, a radiation space and a cooling zone determined by a heating surface are defined within a pressure vessel through the lower part of a membrane wall extending along the boiler. The reactor, quench section and cooling section have the same cross-section. After leaving the upper end of the pressure vessel, the dust-laden raw gas is drawn off by deflection by 90 ° and fed to a cyclone. The hot gas leaving the cyclone is fed to a further pressure vessel in which a further heating surface is arranged.

Unterhalb des Auslasses des Reaktors für flüssige Schlacke ist ein Wasserbad angeordnet. Durch die Beibehaltung des Reaktorquerschnitts im Bereich des Quenchabschnitts und des Strahlungsabschnitts kann diesen Bereichen die konvektive Wärmeabfuhr nicht viel zur Kühlung des Gases beitragen.A water bath is located below the outlet of the liquid slag reactor. By maintaining the reactor cross section in the area of the quench section and the radiation section, the convective heat dissipation cannot contribute much to the cooling of the gas to these areas.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, bei dem bereits nach Zufuhr des Quenchmediums der Beitrag zur Kühlung durch Konvektiv- und/oder Strahlungswärmeübergang verbessert wird.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method in which the contribution to cooling by convective and / or radiant heat transfer is improved even after the quench medium has been supplied.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß das Gas aus dem Reaktor in ein Quenchrohr mit einem gegenüber dem Reaktorquerschnitt verkleinertem Querschnitt abgezogen wird, daß das aus dem Austrittsende des Quenchrohres austretende Gas im wesentlichen um 180° umgelenkt wird und daß im Gegenstrom zur Strömung des Gases im Quenchrohr durch eine das Quenchrohr umgebende Kühlstrecke geführt wird.This object is achieved in that the gas is drawn off from the reactor into a quench tube with a cross section which is smaller than the reactor cross section, that the gas emerging from the outlet end of the quench tube is deflected essentially by 180 ° and that in counterflow to the flow of the gas in Quench tube is passed through a cooling section surrounding the quench tube.

Durch die Verringerung des Durchmessers der Quenchstrecke wird der Beitrag des Konvektiv- und/oder Strahlungswärmeübertragung in der Quenchstrecke vergrößert. Durch die Verringerung des Querschnitts der Quenchstrecke ergibt sich auch der Vorteil, das aus dem Quenchrohr ausgetretene Gas im Gegenstrom längs der Außenfläche des Quenchrohres zu führen. Hierdurch wird die Baulänge der für die Durchführung des Verfahrens erforderlichen Anlage wesentlich verkürzt.By reducing the diameter of the quench section, the contribution of the convective and / or radiant heat transfer in the quench section is increased. By reducing the cross-section of the quench section, there is also the advantage of leading the gas emerging from the quench tube in countercurrent along the outer surface of the quench tube. As a result, the overall length of the system required to carry out the method is considerably shortened.

Eine Abfuhr des Gases aus der Kühlstrecke erfolgt in vorteilhafter Weise unter Umlenkung.The gas is advantageously removed from the cooling section by deflection.

Für die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensführung ist es von Vorteil, wenn dem Gas während der Umlenkung in die nachgeschaltete Kühlstrecke noch Wärme durch Wärmestrahlung entzogen wird.For the implementation of the method according to the invention, it is advantageous if heat is still removed from the gas by thermal radiation during the deflection into the downstream cooling section.

Aus der US-PS 4 859 214 ist zwar ein Vergasungsreaktor bekannt, bei dem in einem Druckgefäß ein Vergasungsreaktor angeordnet ist, dessen oberes Ende mit einem im Durchmesser verringerten Quenchrohr verbunden ist. Bei der bekannten Anlage ist das Quenchrohr jedoch nicht von einer Heizfläche umgeben und es erfolgt keine 180°-Umlenkung in ein und demselben Druckgefäß.A gasification reactor is known from US Pat. No. 4,859,214, in which a gasification reactor is arranged in a pressure vessel, the upper end of which is connected to a quench tube of reduced diameter. In the known system, however, the quench tube is not surrounded by a heating surface and there is no 180 ° deflection in one and the same pressure vessel.

Die Erfindung richtet sich auch auf eine Heißgaskühlanlage einer Anlage zur Vergasung eines festen kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffes in einem Reaktor unter Druck mit einem Druckgefäß zur Aufnahme des Reaktors, einer mit dem Auslaß des Reaktors verbundenen und mit einem Quenchmedium beaufschlagbaren Quenchkammer und einer gasseitig mit der Quenchkammer verbundenen Kühlvorrichtung einschließlich mindestens einer in einen Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf eingebundenen und in dem Druckgefäß angeordneten Heizfläche, wie sie aus der EP-0 115 094 A2 bekannt ist.The invention is also directed to a hot gas cooling system of a system for the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure with a pressure vessel for receiving the reactor, a quench chamber connected to the outlet of the reactor and capable of being charged with a quench medium, and a cooling device connected on the gas side to the quench chamber including at least one heating surface integrated in a water-steam circuit and arranged in the pressure vessel, as is known from EP-0 115 094 A2.

Zur Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs und zur Verringerung des Bauaufwandes ist die Anlage erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Quenchkammer ein Quenchrohr mit gegenüber dem Querschnitt des Reaktors verkleinerten Querschnitt ist, daß am Austrittsende des Quenchrohres eine Umlenkkammer für die 180°-Umlenkung des aus dem Quenchrohr austretenden Gasstroms angeordnet ist und daß das Quenchrohr längs einer vorgegebenen Strecke von mindestens einer Bündelheizfläche ringartig umgeben ist, die von dem umgelenkten Gasstrom durchströmt wird, und daß am Austrittsende der Bündelheizfläche ein Gassammelraum ausgebildet ist, der mit mindestens einer die Wandung des Druckgefäßes durchsetzenden Gasabfuhrleitung verbunden ist.To improve the heat transfer and to reduce the construction effort, the system is characterized according to the invention in that the quench chamber is a quench tube with a cross section that is smaller than the cross section of the reactor, and that at the outlet end of the quench tube a deflection chamber for the 180 ° deflection of the gas stream exiting the quench tube is arranged and that the quench tube is surrounded along a predetermined distance by at least one bundle heating surface through which the deflected gas flow flows, and that at the outlet end of the bundle heating surface a gas collecting space is formed which is connected to at least one gas discharge line penetrating the wall of the pressure vessel.

Gegenüber der aus der EP 0 115 094 bekannten Anlage wird die Baulänge erheblich verkürzt und gegenüber der aus der US-Ps 4 859 214 bekannten Anlage kann unter Umständen auf den zweiten Behälter zur Aufnahme der als ausgebildeten Konvektivbündelheizfläche verzichtet werden.Compared to the system known from EP 0 115 094, the overall length is considerably shortened and compared to the system known from US Pat the second container for receiving the convective bundle heating surface can be dispensed with.

Wenn die außenliegende Grenzfläche der Bündelheizfläche der Innenwandung des Druckgefäßes frei gegenüberliegt, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Innenwandung zumindest im Bereich der Bündelheizfläche ausgemauert ist.If the outer boundary surface of the bundle heating surface lies freely opposite the inner wall of the pressure vessel, it is advantageous if the inner wall is bricked up at least in the region of the bundle heating surface.

Es ist jedoch auch möglich, daß die Bündelheizfläche in einem Ringraum angeordnet ist, der innen von dem Quenchrohr und außen von einem mit Abstand von der Innenwandung des Druckgefäßes angeordneten äußeren Kühlwand begrenzt ist. Vorzugsweise ist das Quenchrohr wie die Quenchstrecke der Anordnung gemäß EP 0 115 094 ebenfalls als Kühlwand ausgebildet.However, it is also possible for the bundle heating surface to be arranged in an annular space which is delimited on the inside by the quench tube and on the outside by an outer cooling wall arranged at a distance from the inner wall of the pressure vessel. Like the quench section of the arrangement according to EP 0 115 094, the quench tube is preferably also designed as a cooling wall.

In beiden Fällen ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Außendurchmesser von Kühlwand oder Bündelheizfläche in etwa dem Außendurchmesser des Reaktors entspricht, so daß zur Innenwandung des Druckgefäßes hin noch ein begehbarer Raum verbleibt.In both cases, it is advantageous if the outside diameter of the cooling wall or bundle heating surface corresponds approximately to the outside diameter of the reactor, so that there is still an accessible space towards the inside wall of the pressure vessel.

Weiterhin ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Umlenkkammer als Strahlraum ausgebildet ist.Furthermore, it is expedient if the deflection chamber is designed as a blasting space.

Auch ist es zweckmäßig, daß der Boden des Gassammelraumes gegenüber der Längsachse des Quenchrohres geneigt ist, um die Abfuhr des mit Staub bzw. Feststoffen beladenen Gases aus dem Gassammelraum zu erleichtern und um ggf. auftretende Erosionsprobleme zu vermeiden.It is also expedient that the bottom of the gas collection space is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the quench tube in order to facilitate the removal of the gas laden with dust or solids from the gas collection space and to avoid any erosion problems that may occur.

Zu einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Boden des Gassammelraumes gelangt man, wenn der Boden des Gassammelraumes einen das Quenchrohr mit Abstand umgebenden Abschnitt aufweist, der an seinem freien Ende gasdicht gegen die Außenwandung des Quenchrohrs abgedichtet ist. Dies kann über einen Kompensator oder stopfbuchsenartig erfolgen. Der das Quenchrohr umgebende Abschnitt kann dem Bündelheizfläche zugewandt oder von diesem angewandt sein. Probleme der unterschiedlichen Wärmedehnung können somit leichter berücksichtigt werden.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the bottom of the gas collecting space is achieved if the bottom of the gas collecting space has a section surrounding the quench tube at a distance, which is sealed gas-tight at its free end against the outer wall of the quench tube. This can be done using a compensator or a stuffing box. The section surrounding the quench tube can Bundle heating surface facing or applied by this. Problems of different thermal expansion can thus be taken into account more easily.

Es ist zweckmäßig, daß die mit dem Gassammelraum verbundene Gasabfuhrleitung unter einem geneigten Winkel zur Achse des Quenchrohrs die Wandung des Druckgefäßes durchsetzt.It is expedient that the gas discharge line connected to the gas collecting space passes through the wall of the pressure vessel at an inclined angle to the axis of the quench tube.

Auch ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Boden des Gassammelraumes und/oder die Gasabfuhrleitung isoliert sind.It is also advantageous if the bottom of the gas collecting space and / or the gas discharge line are insulated.

Die Bündelheizfläche kann aus mehreren Bündeln bestehen, die jeweils vorzugsweise aus einzelnen Zylindern aus gewickelten Rohren bestehen.The bundle heating surface can consist of several bundles, each preferably consisting of individual cylinders made of wound tubes.

Diese Zylinder können unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen.These cylinders can have different lengths.

Wie beim Stand der Technik ist das Druckgefäß vorzugsweise vertikal angeordnet. Der Vergasungsreaktor ist im unteren Teil des Druckgefäßes angeordnet, wobei Quenchrohr und Bündelheizfläche darüber angeordnet sind. In einem solchen Falle ist erfindungsgemäß in bevorzugter Weise vorgesehen, daß der Boden des Gassammelraumes und die Gasabfuhrleitung gleichsinnig geneigt sind.As in the prior art, the pressure vessel is preferably arranged vertically. The gasification reactor is arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel, the quench tube and bundle heating surface being arranged above it. In such a case, it is preferably provided according to the invention that the bottom of the gas collecting space and the gas discharge line are inclined in the same direction.

Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, daß bei vertikal angeordnetem Druckgefäß der Reaktor im oberen Teil des Druckgefäßes angeordnet ist und das Gas am unteren Ende des nach unten ragenden Quenchrohres abgezogen wird, so daß die Umlenkung im unteren Ende des Druckgefäßes erfolgt.However, it is also conceivable that, with the pressure vessel arranged vertically, the reactor is arranged in the upper part of the pressure vessel and the gas is drawn off at the lower end of the quench tube projecting downward, so that the deflection takes place in the lower end of the pressure vessel.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und zwei Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage sollen anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

FIG. 1
einen schematischen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage, bei der der Reaktor im unteren Teil des vertikal stehenden Druckgefäßes angeordnet ist und
FIG. 2
einen Teilschnitt einer Ausführungsform, bei der der Reaktor im oberen Teil des Druckgefäßes angeordnet ist.
The method according to the invention and two embodiments of the system according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures. It shows:
FIG. 1
2 shows a schematic vertical section through an embodiment of a system according to the invention, in which the reactor is arranged in the lower part of the vertical pressure vessel and
FIG. 2nd
a partial section of an embodiment in which the reactor is arranged in the upper part of the pressure vessel.

In einem vertikal angeordneten Druckgefäß 1 mit abnehmbarem Deckel 2 ist im unteren Teil ein Reaktor 3 angeordnet, dessen Wände in einen Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf WDK eingeschaltet sind. Dem Reaktor sind Brenner 4 für die Teilverbrennung von Kohlenstaub mit einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas zugeordnet.In a vertically arranged pressure vessel 1 with a removable cover 2, a reactor 3 is arranged in the lower part, the walls of which are switched into a water-steam circuit WDK. Burners 4 for the partial combustion of coal dust with an oxygen-containing gas are assigned to the reactor.

Am unteren Ende ist der Reaktor 3 mit einer Schlackenauslauföffnung 5 versehen, die sich zu einem im unteren Teil des Druckgefäßes angeordneten Wasserbad 6 hin öffnet. Das obere Ende des Reaktors 3 ist kegelartig eingezogen und mit einem einen geringeren Durchmesser als der Reaktor 3 aufweisenden Quenchrohr 7 verbunden, das als Kühlwand ausgebildet ist. Im Verbindungsbereich zwischen Reaktor 3 und Quenchrohr 7 wird ein Quenchmedium über Leitungen 8 zugeführt. Hierfür eignen sich Wasser, Dampf und/oder abgekühltes rückgeführtes Gas. Das obere Ende 7a des Quenchrohres 7 öffnet sich zu einem Umlenkraum 9 hin, der an seinem oberen Ende durch einen gekühlten Boden 10 verschlossen ist und dessen Wände von einer sich koaxial zum Quenchrohr erstreckenden Kühlwand 11 begrenzt sind. Die Kühlwand erstreckt sich bis zu einem vorgegebenen Abstand nach unten und ist wie das Quenchrohr 7 in den Wasserdampfkreislauf WDK eingebunden. In dem von dem Quenchrohr 7 und der Kühlwand 11 begrenzten Ringraum 14 ist ein Bündelheizfläche 12 angeordnet, daß aus mehreren koaxial zueinander angeordneten und aus Rohren gewickelten Zylindern 13 besteht. Die Zylinder 13 weisen unterschiedliche axiale Längen auf. Die innenliegenden Zylinder sind länger als die außenliegenden Zylinder. Selbstverständlich können auch andere Konstruktionen für die Bündelheizfläche 12 zum Einsatz kommen. Der Kühlmantel 11 ist ggf. mit anderen Bauteilen über eine Stützeinrichtung 15 am Druckgefäß 1 abgestützt. Zur Versorgung des Bündelheizfläche 12 weist der Wasserdampfkreislauf WDK obere und untere Sammler 16 und 17 auf.At the lower end, the reactor 3 is provided with a slag outlet opening 5 which opens to a water bath 6 arranged in the lower part of the pressure vessel. The upper end of the reactor 3 is drawn in like a cone and is connected to a quench tube 7 having a smaller diameter than the reactor 3, which is designed as a cooling wall. In the connection area between the reactor 3 and the quench tube 7, a quench medium is supplied via lines 8. Water, steam and / or cooled, recirculated gas are suitable for this. The upper end 7a of the quench tube 7 opens to a deflection space 9, which is closed at its upper end by a cooled bottom 10 and the walls of which are delimited by a cooling wall 11 which extends coaxially to the quench tube. The cooling wall extends down to a predetermined distance and, like the quench tube 7, is integrated into the water vapor circuit WDK. In the annular space 14 delimited by the quench tube 7 and the cooling wall 11, a bundle heating surface 12 is arranged which consists of a plurality of cylinders 13 arranged coaxially to one another and wound from tubes. The cylinders 13 have different axial lengths. The inside cylinders are longer than the outside cylinders. Of course, other constructions for the bundle heating surface 12 are used. The cooling jacket 11 is optionally supported with other components on the pressure vessel 1 via a support device 15. To supply the bundle heating surface 12, the water vapor circuit WDK has upper and lower collectors 16 and 17.

Dem unteren Ende der Bündelheizfläche 12 folgt ein Gassammelraum 18 mit einem Boden 19. Der Boden 19 besteht aus einer geneigten Bodenplatte 19a und einem in den Gassammelraum vorragenden zylindrischen Abschnitt 19b, der mit Abstand von der Wandung des Quenchrohres angeordnet ist und erst an seinem freien Ende gasdicht mit der Wandung des Quenchrohres verbunden ist. Zum Ableiten des sich in dem Gassammelraum ansammelnden Gases ist eine Gasabführleitung 20 vorgesehen, die mit dem Gassammelraum verbunden ist und die Wandung des Druckgefäßes 1 nach unten geneigt durchsetzt. Bei der in der FIG. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform mit oberhalb des Reaktors 3 angeordnetem Quenchrohr 7 und Bündelheizfläche 12 wird bevorzugt, daß sowohl die Bodenplatte 19a als auch die Gasabfuhrleitung 20 nach unten und unter demselben Neigungswinkel geneigt sind.The lower end of the bundle heating surface 12 is followed by a gas collecting space 18 with a bottom 19. The bottom 19 consists of an inclined bottom plate 19a and a cylindrical section 19b projecting into the gas collecting space, which is arranged at a distance from the wall of the quench tube and only at its free end is connected gastight to the wall of the quench tube. To discharge the gas accumulating in the gas collection space, a gas discharge line 20 is provided, which is connected to the gas collection space and passes through the wall of the pressure vessel 1 inclined downward. When in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment with the quench tube 7 and the bundle heating surface 12 arranged above the reactor 3, it is preferred that both the base plate 19a and the gas discharge line 20 are inclined downward and at the same angle of inclination.

Es ist auch denkbar, daß auf eine gesonderte äußere Kühlwand 11 in axialer Richtung der Bündelheizfläche gesehen ganz oder teilweise verzichtet wird und zur Begrenzung des Strömungsweges die Innenwandung des Druckgefäßes 1 selbst herangezogen wird. In diesem Fall muß sich die Bodenplatte 19a bis zur Wandung des Druckgefäßes hin erstrecken. Wie auf der linken Seite der FIG. 1 oben dargestellt ist, ist es dann von Vorteil, wenn in diesem Bereich das Druckgefäß mit einer Ausmauerung 21 versehen ist.It is also conceivable that a separate outer cooling wall 11, seen in the axial direction of the bundle heating surface, is entirely or partially dispensed with and the inner wall of the pressure vessel 1 itself is used to limit the flow path. In this case, the base plate 19a must extend to the wall of the pressure vessel. As shown on the left side of FIG. 1 is shown above, it is advantageous if the pressure vessel is provided with a lining 21 in this area.

Bei der in der FIG. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind die Bezugszeichen weitgehendst übernommen worden. Bei der Anordnung gemäß FIG. 2 ist in dem Druckgefäß 1 der Reaktor 3 im oberen Teil angeordnet und das Quenchrohr 7 erstreckt sich nach unten. Wie der in FIG. 1 dargestellte bisher noch nicht beschriebene Schlackeführungskegel 22 erstreckt sich bei der Ausführungsform gemäß FIG. 2 der äußere Kühlmantel 11 in das Wasserbad 6 hinein.When in the FIG. 2 embodiment shown, the reference numerals have been largely adopted. In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, the reactor 3 is arranged in the upper part in the pressure vessel 1 and the quench tube 7 extends yourself down. As shown in FIG. 1 shown not yet described slag guide cone 22 extends in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the outer cooling jacket 11 into the water bath 6.

Abgesehen von diesen Abweichungen ist bei der Ausführungsform gemäß FIG. 2 vorgesehen, daß Bodenplatte 19a des Bodens zum Abschluß des Gassammelraumes 8 und Gasableitleitung 20 zwar beide nach unten geneigt sind, jedoch gegensinnig.Apart from these deviations, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 provided that the bottom plate 19a of the bottom for closing the gas collecting space 8 and gas discharge line 20 are both inclined downwards, but in opposite directions.

Bei beiden Ausführungsformen wird in einem Druckgefäß 1 zunächst das Gas in einem Reaktor 3 aus festen Brennstoffen bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Schlackeerweichungspunktes durch Vergasung der Brennstoffe unter Druck erzeugt. Zur Abkühlung des mit flüssigen wie mit festen Partikeln beladenen Rohgases sind in ein und demselben Druckgefäß folgende Kühlmechanismen in der angeführten Reihenfolge wirksam:In both embodiments, the gas is first generated in a reactor 3 from solid fuels in a reactor 3 at temperatures above the slag softening point by gasification of the fuels under pressure. The following cooling mechanisms are effective in one and the same pressure vessel in order to cool down the raw gas loaded with liquid and solid particles:

Zunächst erfolgt in dem Quenchrohr 7 mit kleinerem Durchmesser als der Durchmesser des Reaktors 3 eine direkte Kühlung in Verbindung mit überwiegend indirekter Kühlung durch konvektive und/oder Strahlungswärmeübertragung und zwar vorzugsweise bis zu einer Gastemperatur unterhalb der Schlackeerweichungstemperatur.First, there is direct cooling in connection with predominantly indirect cooling by convective and / or radiant heat transfer in the quench tube 7 with a smaller diameter than the diameter of the reactor 3, and preferably up to a gas temperature below the slag softening temperature.

Danach erfolgt in dem als Strahlungsraum ausgebildeten Umlenkraum 9 eine weitere indirekte Kühlung durch Wärmestrahlung. Nach der Umlenkung folgt eine weitere indirekte Kühlung durch Wärmetausch mit der nachgeschalteten Bündelheizfläche 12 auf das am Auslaß 20 gewünschte Temperaturniveau. Die Bündelheizfläche kann eine Strahlungs- und/oder eine Konvektivheizfläche sein. Im Extremfall wäre es auch möglich, allein mit das Quenchrohr umgebenden Wandheizflächen einen reinen Strahlungswärmeübergang zu erreichen. Es wird jedoch eine Bündelheizfläche mit hohem Konvektionsanteil bevorzugt; weiter bevorzugt wird eine im wesentlichen nur konvektiv ausgelegte Bündelheizfläche.This is followed by a further indirect cooling by heat radiation in the deflection space 9 designed as a radiation space. After the deflection, there is a further indirect cooling by heat exchange with the downstream bundle heating surface 12 to the temperature level desired at the outlet 20. The bundle heating surface can be a radiation and / or a convective heating surface. In extreme cases, it would also be possible to achieve pure radiation heat transfer only with the wall heating surfaces surrounding the quench tube. However, a bundle heating surface with a high degree of convection is preferred; a bundle heating surface which is essentially only convective is further preferred.

Claims (16)

  1. Method of cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure, with the gas from the reactor being introduced into a quench section that is supplied with a quenching medium for a direct cooling, and thereafter being introduced into a cooling section that is incorporated in a water-steam circuit, and being withdrawn therefrom,
    characterized in that the gas from the reactor is passed into a quench pipe having a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the reactor, in that the gas issuing from the discharge end of the quench pipe is deflected essentially by 180°, and in that the gas is guided through a cooling section that surrounds the quench pipe in a direction of flow opposite to the direction of flow of the gas in the quench pipe.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the withdrawal of the gas from the cooling section is accompanied by deflection thereof.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that additional heat is withdrawn by thermal radiation from the gas during the defletion into the cooling section.
  4. Device for the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure and for the cooling of the generated hot gas including a pressure vessel for accommodating the reactor, a quench chamber that is connected to the outlet of the reactor and is supplied with a quenching medium, and a cooling device that is connected to the gas output side of the quenching chamber and includes at least one heat transfer surface that is incorporated in a water-steam circuit and is disposed in the pressure vessel,
    characterized in that the quenching chamber is a quench pipe (7) having a corss-sectional area that is less than the cross-sectional area of the reactor, in that at the discharge end of the quench pipe there is disposed a deflection chamber (9) for the 180° deflection of the gas stream that issues from the quench pipe, and in that the quench pipe (7) is along a given length annularly surrounded by at least one bundle of heat transfer surface means (12) through which flows the deflected gas stream, and in that at the discharge end of the bundle of heat transfer surface means (12) there is formed a gas collection chamber (18) that communicates with at least one gas withdrawal conduit (20) that extends through the wall of the pressure vessel (1).
  5. Device according to claim 4
    characterized in that where the outwardly disposed boundary surface of the bundle of heat transfer surface means is freely exposed relative to the inner wall of the pressure vessel, the inner wall is provided with a lining (21) at least in the region of the bundle of heat transfer surface means (12).
  6. Device according to claim 4
    characterized in that the bundle of heat transfer surface means is disposed in an annular chamber (14) that is delimited toward the inside by the quench pipe (7) and toward the outside by an outer cooling wall (11) that is disposed at a distance from the inner wall of the pressure vessel (1).
  7. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-6,
    characterized in that the quench pipe (7) is embodied as a cooling wall.
  8. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-7,
    characterized in that the outer diameter of the coolig wall (11) or of the bundle of heat transfer surface means (12) approximately corresponds to the outer diameter of the reactor, so that a passable space still remains toward the inner wall of the pressure vessel.
  9. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-8,
    characterized in that the deflection chamber (9) is embodied as a radiation chamber.
  10. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-9,
    characterized in that the base (19a) of the gas collection chamber (18) is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the quench pipe (7).
  11. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-10,
    characterized in that the base (19) of the gas collection chamber (18) has a portion (19b) that surrounds the quench pipe (7) with spacing, the free end of this portion being sealed in a gastight manner relative to the outer wall of the quench pipe (7).
  12. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-11,
    characterized in that the gas withdrawal conduit (20) that is connected to the gas collection chamber (8) extends through the wall of the pressure vessel (1) at an inclined angle relative to the axis of the quench pipe (7).
  13. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-12,
    characterized in that the base (19; 19a, 19b) of the gas collection chamber (18) and/or the gas withdrawal conduit (20) are insulated.
  14. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-13, with a vertically disposed pressure vessel, a gasification reactor disposed in the lower portion of the pressure vessel, and a quench pipe and a bundle of heat transfer surface means disposed above the gasification reactor,
    characterized in that the base (19) of the gas collection chamber (18) and the gas withdrawal conduit (20) are inclined in the same direction.
  15. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-13, with a vertically disposed pressure vessel, characterized in that the reactor (3) is disposed in the upper portion of the pressure vessel (1) and the gas is withdrawn at the lower end of the downwardly projecting quench pipe, so that the deflection is effected in the lower end of the pressure vessel.
  16. Device according to at least one of the claims 4-15,
    characterized in that the bundle of heat transfer surface means is a convective heat transfer surface means (12).
EP94905054A 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel Expired - Lifetime EP0630397B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4300776A DE4300776C2 (en) 1993-01-14 1993-01-14 Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel in a reactor under pressure and plant for carrying out the process
DE4300776 1993-01-14
PCT/EP1994/000088 WO1994016039A1 (en) 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel

Publications (2)

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EP0630397A1 EP0630397A1 (en) 1994-12-28
EP0630397B1 true EP0630397B1 (en) 1997-03-26

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EP94905054A Expired - Lifetime EP0630397B1 (en) 1993-01-14 1994-01-13 Process for cooling a dust-laden raw gas from the gasification of a solid carbon-containing fuel

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EP (1) EP0630397B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4300776C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2103572T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994016039A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013219312A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-03-26 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method for partial conversion of raw gases of the entrainment gasification
DE102007045322B4 (en) * 2007-09-21 2017-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Air flow carburetor with cooling screen and sliding seal

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DE1596323A1 (en) * 1967-06-06 1970-04-02 Walther & Cie Ag Synthesis gas generator with gas cooler, which are arranged in a pressure cylinder
DE2920372C2 (en) * 1979-05-19 1982-10-14 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh, 4300 Essen Gas generator for fine-grain coal fuels
CH643649A5 (en) * 1980-09-19 1984-06-15 Sulzer Ag HOT GAS COOLER WITH A PRESSURE TANK.
DE3107156A1 (en) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-16 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASEOUS PRODUCTS
NL8203611A (en) * 1981-10-03 1983-05-02 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C GAS BENDING ROOM.
IN156182B (en) * 1981-11-16 1985-06-01 Shell Int Research
DE3809313A1 (en) * 1988-03-19 1989-10-05 Krupp Koppers Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING PARTIAL OXIDATION GAS
US4859214A (en) * 1988-06-30 1989-08-22 Shell Oil Company Process for treating syngas using a gas reversing chamber
DE3844347A1 (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-07-05 Krupp Koppers Gmbh METHOD AND RADIATION COOLER FOR RADIATION COOLING A PRODUCT GAS FLOW LEAVING FROM THE GASIFICATION REACTOR

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007045322B4 (en) * 2007-09-21 2017-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Air flow carburetor with cooling screen and sliding seal
DE102013219312A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-03-26 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method for partial conversion of raw gases of the entrainment gasification
DE102013219312B4 (en) 2013-09-25 2018-07-12 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Method for partial conversion of raw gases of the entrainment gasification

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0630397A1 (en) 1994-12-28
DE59402198D1 (en) 1997-04-30
DE4300776C2 (en) 1995-07-06
WO1994016039A1 (en) 1994-07-21
ES2103572T3 (en) 1997-09-16
DE4300776A1 (en) 1994-07-21

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