EP0283918A2 - Device for electrostatic coating of objects - Google Patents

Device for electrostatic coating of objects Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283918A2
EP0283918A2 EP88104183A EP88104183A EP0283918A2 EP 0283918 A2 EP0283918 A2 EP 0283918A2 EP 88104183 A EP88104183 A EP 88104183A EP 88104183 A EP88104183 A EP 88104183A EP 0283918 A2 EP0283918 A2 EP 0283918A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outer housing
holder arrangement
spray head
electrode holder
spray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88104183A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0283918A3 (en
EP0283918B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Behr
Kurt Vetter
Rolf Schneider
Manfred Luderer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr Industry GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19873709508 external-priority patent/DE3709508A1/en
Priority claimed from DE8709948U external-priority patent/DE8709948U1/en
Application filed by Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr Industrieanlagen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0283918A2 publication Critical patent/EP0283918A2/en
Publication of EP0283918A3 publication Critical patent/EP0283918A3/en
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Publication of EP0283918B1 publication Critical patent/EP0283918B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/04—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B5/0403—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by having rotary outlet or deflecting elements, i.e. spraying being also effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating workpieces according to the preamble of claims 1 and 8.
  • Such a device for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using conductive spray materials such as so-called water-based paints (cf. DE-OS 34 29 075 and 36 09 240). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head. In such a device with external electrodes, however, it is extremely difficult to avoid contamination of the spray device, particularly in the area of the electrodes and their holder arrangement and the atomizer housing, by the coating material during operation with good application efficiency, which depends on a good charging of the sprayed coating material.
  • the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 is said to have only two, three or at most four charging electrodes, each of which is embedded in a plastic holder projecting radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially towards the workpiece to be coated.
  • Each of these holders is firmly connected at the rear end to an annular body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing.
  • the device described in DE-OS 36 09 240 is intended instead sen have a ring body made of insulating material surrounding the outer housing of the spray head at a distance, from which a plurality of needle-shaped electrodes protrude, possibly in finger-like approaches, and in which an electrical conductor which connects the electrodes in a ring-like manner and is connected to a high-voltage line is arranged insulated.
  • this enables a more uniform spray pattern to be achieved than with only three or four individual electrodes.
  • a more or less large proportion of the sprayed paint particles can be deposited instead of the workpiece to be coated to hike.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device that tends less in the area between the atomizer housing and the charging electrodes to contamination by the sprayed coating material than before.
  • the coating material is atomized in a known manner and sprayed with a predominantly radial movement component.
  • they are off sprayed particles are not initially charged, but they only receive their charge at a greater or lesser radial distance from the spraying edge in the ionization area of the electrodes, which charge the air in their environment by corona discharge.
  • the color particles can migrate to the grounded workpiece due to the electrostatic field generated by the electrodes.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the risk of self-coating of the device in the area up to the electrodes can be substantially reduced by appropriate design of the device, in particular by using suitable insulating materials or a combination of different insulating materials.
  • a radial potential control can thereby be achieved, which takes into account the charging of the color particles which takes place only in the ionization region of the outer electrodes at a corresponding radial distance from the spray edge.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed.
  • a water-based paint or other conductive coating material runs along the axis of the spraying device from a storage system to the bell plate 2 supplying metal pipe 3, with which the entire coating material is laid to earth potential up to the spraying edge of the bell plate 2.
  • the workpiece to be coated (not shown) is also at earth potential, that is, in the example described here, part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell cup 2.
  • the spray device has an outer housing 4 made of insulating plastic, in which a metallic inner housing 6 can be located.
  • a cover 5 rotating with the bell plate 2 extends between the bell plate 2 and the end face of the outer housing 4 and, like the earthed bell plate 2, can be made of metal.
  • the cover 5 could also be arranged as a separate component next to the bell divider.
  • needle-shaped charging electrodes 10 are provided at uniform angular intervals on a circle concentric to the axis of the spraying device in order to charge the coating material which is essentially radially sprayed off from the spraying edge of the bell cup 2.
  • the charging electrodes 10 are axially parallel with their main part embedded in finger-like protrusions 11 made of insulating material of a circular ring body 12 also made of insulating material and with their rear ends electrically conductively connected to a ring-shaped conductor 13 made of wire, which interconnects all electrodes and which is to be completely enclosed in the interior of the insulating body 12 for electrical insulation.
  • the electrodes 10 and the conductor 13 are connected via a high-voltage cable 14 to a high-voltage generator, the voltage of which can typically be of the order of 60 to 100 kV.
  • the ring body 12 is fastened to the spraying device by, for example, two spoke-like supports 15 made of insulating material, which can be clamped to the outer housing 4, for example (in a manner not shown) with a clamping ring.
  • the number of charging electrodes 10 should be selected so that there is a sufficiently small distance between the electrodes to avoid a risk of contamination from the coating material on the front end face of the ring body 12.
  • a pitch circle diameter of the electrodes of 400 mm for example at least about 18 electrodes should be used. If you choose a smaller or larger pitch circle diameter for the electrodes, their possible minimum number must be reduced or enlarged accordingly.
  • the distance between the electrode tips should accordingly be between about 40 and 70 mm.
  • the radially measured distance of the electrode tips from the spraying edge of the bell cup should be greater than twice the diameter (here approximately 70 mm) of the spraying edge.
  • a currently preferred range of possible pitch circle diameters of the electrodes 10 is approximately 350 to 450 mm.
  • the axial position of the electrode tips with respect to the plane of the spray edge is also important for the risk of contamination.
  • the electrode tips are set back in the axial direction a certain distance behind the spray edge. This distance is chosen so that there is a usable compromise between the charging of the sprayed coating material, which becomes better as the distance decreases, and an increasing risk of contamination.
  • axially measured distances between 25 and 60 mm and preferably approximately 50 mm have been found to be useful.
  • the front ends of the charging electrodes should be set back axially by less than 1/3 of the distance of the electrode tips from the spray edge measured in the radial direction behind the plane of the spray edge.
  • the radial supports 15 can consist of a tube, in the open end of which the annular body 12 with suitable radially inwardly projecting pins is inserted under sealing, as shown at 16.
  • the ring body 12 can consist of a different plastic such as polyacetate (POM) for design and manufacturing reasons.
  • the outer housing 4 should be free of recesses, openings and bores and should also not contain any screws or the like. If such fasteners are unavoidable, they should also be made of PTFE.
  • the dielectric strength of the housing 4 should be at least 5 kV at least in the entire area where there is a risk of contamination from the sprayed coating material.
  • a separate cover 8 which is made of a three-dimensional air-permeable material such as e.g. consists of a porous plastic body that can serve as condensation protection.
  • a suitable material for this is e.g. commercially available under the name "Filtroplast”.
  • the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment shown with an insulating ring body and a relatively large number of outer electrodes, but is also suitable, for example, for the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 mentioned, with electrodes arranged individually on each support.
  • PTFE is essentially cheaper than other materials in terms of its own pollution.
  • Various properties may play a role here, which differentiate PTFE from other plastics such as PP, POM and PVC or other insulating materials such as hard cardboard or ceramic.
  • PTFE has practically no water absorption capacity, so its properties are hardly dependent on changes in air humidity.
  • the radial potential control which also contributes to the reduction of self-pollution, by means of which, according to the first aspect of the invention mentioned at the beginning, the radial potential profile in the area of the spray device between the metallic inner housing 6 and the charging electrodes 10 is to be approximated to the radial potential distribution of the sprayed material also achieve by other means.
  • the electrode holder arrangement should preferably consist of an insulating material on at least one radially extending part 15 and at least on the side facing the workpiece, the surface potential of which, during operation of the spraying device, is approximated in the radial direction to the potential distribution of the sprayed material, which among other things is characterized by the surface behavior relevant for self-charging and charge dissipation such as surface resistance can be achieved.
  • all parts of the electrode holder arrangement should be at least approximately at the same electrical potential as the respective paint particles that would come or would come close to them when sprayed.
  • radial continuous potential control in the area between the atomizer housing and electrodes is therefore preferable.
  • ceramic can also be used as the material, for example for the tubular supports 15, instead of the preferred PTFE per se. Other materials with a surface resistance that is similar to that of ceramic, POM or PTFE may also be usable under certain circumstances.
  • the spray head 2 and / or the cover 5 rotating with it can also consist, at least in part, of other material suitable for the desired potential control instead of metal, which is currently preferred.
  • Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment in this regard, in which a corresponding cover 8 ⁇ like a hood the entire Encloses the outside of the outer housing 4 ⁇ made of PTFE.
  • An air gap 20 is left between the outside of the outer housing 4 ⁇ and the inside of the entire cover 8 ⁇ , with the exception of the axially front and rear edges, into which a line 21 leads for blowing air into this annular gap.
  • the air escapes through the porous material of the cover 8 ⁇ .
  • the cover 8 ⁇ may have an opening for the support 15 to pass through.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

In der für die Verwendung von Wasserlack oder eines anderen, ähnlich leitfähigen Beschichtungsmaterials geeigneten Vor­richtung werden die Farbpartikel von der geerdeten Absprüh­kante eines Glockenzerstäubers (2) abgesprüht und im Korona­entladungsbereich von Außenelektroden (10) aufgeladen, die in eine Halteranordnung (11,12,15) aus Isoliermaterial einge­setzt sind. Durch Potentialsteuermittel in Form zweckmäßig gewählter Isolierwerkstoffe der Halteranordnung (11,12,15) und/oder des Zerstäubergehäuses (4) kann der radiale Poten­tialverlauf zwischen dem Zerstäubergehäuse (4,6) und den Außenelektroden (10) an die radiale Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert werden. Gemäß einem anderen Aspekt der Erfindung besteht der Isolierstoff wenigstens eines Teils (4,11,15) der Vorrichtung aus einem Fluorkohlen­stoff wie PTFE. Durch beide Maßnahmen wird die Gefahr einer Eigenbeschichtung der Vorrichtung herabgesetzt.

Figure imgaf001
In the device suitable for the use of water-based paint or another similarly conductive coating material, the color particles are sprayed from the grounded spray edge of a bell atomizer (2) and charged in the corona discharge area by external electrodes (10) which are placed in a holder arrangement (11, 12, 15). are made of insulating material. Potential control means in the form of appropriately selected insulating materials of the holder arrangement (11, 12, 15) and / or the atomizer housing (4) can approximate the radial potential profile between the atomizer housing (4,6) and the external electrodes (10) to the radial potential distribution of the sprayed material will. According to another aspect of the invention, the insulating material of at least a part (4, 11, 15) of the device consists of a fluorocarbon such as PTFE. Both measures reduce the risk of the device coating itself.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum elektrostati­schen Beschichten von Werkstücken gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 8.The invention relates to a device for electrostatically coating workpieces according to the preamble of claims 1 and 8.

Eine derartige, beispielsweise zum Beschichten von Fahrzeug­rohkarossen dienende Vorrichtung, bei der im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Systemen statt des Sprühkopfes nur eine An­ordnung von Außenelektroden auf Hochspannungspotential gelegt wird, hat bekanntlich wesentliche Vorteile bei Verwendung leitfähiger Sprühstoffe wie der sogenannten Wasserlacke (vgl. DE-OS 34 29 075 und 36 09 240). Insbesondere werden erhebliche Isolationsprobleme vermieden, da das gesamte Lack­leitungssystem bis zum Sprühkopf geerdet werden kann. Bei einer derartigen Vorrichtung mit Außenelektroden ist es je­doch äußerst schwierig, im Betrieb bei gutem Auftragungs­wirkungsgrad, der von einer guten Aufladung des abgesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials abhängt, eine Verschmutzung der Sprüh­einrichtung vor allem im Bereich der Elektroden sowie deren Halteranordnung und des Zerstäubergehäuses durch das Be­schichtungsmaterial zu vermeiden. Eine Verschmutzung des Elektrodenbereiches hat einen Leistungsabfall, d.h. geringe­ren Wirkungsgrad zur Folge, was wiederum die Neigung zu noch stärkerer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Material weiter verstärkt. Die aus der DE-OS 34 29 075 bekannte Vorrichtung soll aus diesem Grund nur zwei, drei oder allenfalls vier Aufladeelektroden haben, die in je einem radial vom Außenge­häuse des Sprühkopfes abstehenden und axial in Richtung zum zu beschichtenden Werkstück vorspringenden Halter aus Kunst­stoff eingebettet sind. Jeder dieser Halter ist am hinteren Ende fest mit einem auf das Außengehäuse aufgesetzten, eben­falls aus Kunststoff bestehenden Ringkörper verbunden. Die in der DE-OS 36 09 240 beschriebene Vorrichtung soll stattdes­ sen einen das Außengehäuse des Sprühkopfes mit Abstand um­gebenden Ringkörper aus Isoliermaterial aufweisen, von dem eine Vielzahl von nadelförmigen Elektroden gegebenenfalls in fingerartigen Ansätzen vorspringen, und in dem ein die Elek­troden ringartig miteinander verbindender, an eine Hochspan­nungsleitung angeschlossener elektrischer Leiter isoliert angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann insbesondere ein gleichmäßigeres Sprühbild erzielt werden als bei nur drei oder vier Einzel­elektroden. Obwohl sich diese Konstruktionen in der Praxis bereits bewährt haben, konnten bei gewissen Betriebsbe­dingungen die Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der erwähnten Ver­schmutzungsgefahr nicht vermieden werden. Nicht nur auf den Isolierflächen an den Elektroden selbst, sondern insbesondere auch an den radial von dem Außengehäuse des Zerstäubers ab­stehenden, die Elektrodenanordnung tragenden Stützen sowie auf dem Zerstäubergehäuse kann sich ein mehr oder weniger großer Anteil der abgesprühten Farbpartikel niederschlagen, statt zu dem zu beschichtenden Werkstück zu wandern.Such a device, for example for coating vehicle body shells, in which, in contrast to conventional systems, instead of the spray head, only one arrangement of external electrodes is placed at high voltage potential, is known to have significant advantages when using conductive spray materials such as so-called water-based paints (cf. DE-OS 34 29 075 and 36 09 240). In particular, significant insulation problems are avoided since the entire paint line system can be grounded up to the spray head. In such a device with external electrodes, however, it is extremely difficult to avoid contamination of the spray device, particularly in the area of the electrodes and their holder arrangement and the atomizer housing, by the coating material during operation with good application efficiency, which depends on a good charging of the sprayed coating material. Contamination of the electrode area results in a drop in performance, ie lower efficiency, which in turn further increases the tendency towards even greater contamination by the sprayed-off material. For this reason, the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 is said to have only two, three or at most four charging electrodes, each of which is embedded in a plastic holder projecting radially from the outer housing of the spray head and projecting axially towards the workpiece to be coated. Each of these holders is firmly connected at the rear end to an annular body which is also made of plastic and is placed on the outer housing. The device described in DE-OS 36 09 240 is intended instead sen have a ring body made of insulating material surrounding the outer housing of the spray head at a distance, from which a plurality of needle-shaped electrodes protrude, possibly in finger-like approaches, and in which an electrical conductor which connects the electrodes in a ring-like manner and is connected to a high-voltage line is arranged insulated. In particular, this enables a more uniform spray pattern to be achieved than with only three or four individual electrodes. Although these constructions have already proven themselves in practice, the difficulties with regard to the aforementioned risk of contamination could not be avoided under certain operating conditions. Not only on the insulating surfaces on the electrodes themselves, but in particular also on the supports protruding radially from the outer housing of the atomizer and supporting the electrode arrangement, as well as on the atomizer housing, a more or less large proportion of the sprayed paint particles can be deposited instead of the workpiece to be coated to hike.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die im Bereich zwischen dem Zerstäubergehäuse und den Aufladeelektroden weniger zur Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Beschichtungsmaterial neigt als bisher.The invention has for its object to provide a device that tends less in the area between the atomizer housing and the charging electrodes to contamination by the sprayed coating material than before.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen 1 und/oder 8 gekennzeichnete Vorrichtung gelöst.This object is achieved by the device characterized in claims 1 and / or 8.

Bei einer Vorrichtung der hier beschriebenen Art mit in der Regel konzentrisch um die Absprühkante verteilten, vorzugs­weise geringfügig hinter deren Ebene zurückgesetzten Elektro­denspitzen (oder -schneiden) wird das Beschichtungsmaterial in bekannter Weise zerstäubt und mit überwiegend radialer Bewegungskomponente abgesprüht. Im Gegensatz zu der konven­tionellen Kontaktaufladung des Materials in oder an einem auf Hochspannungspotential liegenden Zerstäuber sind die ab­ gesprühten Partikel zunächst nicht geladen, sondern sie er­halten ihre Ladung erst in mehr oder weniger großer radialer Entfernung von der Absprühkante im Ionisierungsbereich der Elektroden, die die Luft in ihrer Umgebung durch Koronaent­ladung aufladen. Nach dieser mittelbaren Aufladung durch Luftionenanlagerung können die Farbpartikel aufgrund des von den Elektroden erzeugten elektrostatischen Feldes zu dem ge­erdeten Werkstück wandern. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Er­kenntnis, daß die Gefahr einer Eigenbeschichtung der Vorrich­tung im Bereich bis zu den Elektroden durch zweckmäßige Aus­bildung der Vorrichtung, insbesondere durch Verwendung geeig­neter Isolierwerkstoffe oder einer Kombination verschiedener Isolierwerkstoffe wesentlich herabgesetzt werden kann.In the case of a device of the type described here, with electrode tips (or cutting), which are generally distributed concentrically around the spraying edge, preferably set back slightly behind their level, the coating material is atomized in a known manner and sprayed with a predominantly radial movement component. In contrast to the conventional contact charging of the material in or on an atomizer that is at high voltage potential, they are off sprayed particles are not initially charged, but they only receive their charge at a greater or lesser radial distance from the spraying edge in the ionization area of the electrodes, which charge the air in their environment by corona discharge. After this indirect charging by air ion accumulation, the color particles can migrate to the grounded workpiece due to the electrostatic field generated by the electrodes. The invention is based on the knowledge that the risk of self-coating of the device in the area up to the electrodes can be substantially reduced by appropriate design of the device, in particular by using suitable insulating materials or a combination of different insulating materials.

Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung kann dadurch eine radiale Potentialsteuerung erreicht werden, die der erst im Ionisierungsbereich der Außenelektroden in entsprechender radialer Entfernung von der Absprühkante erfolgenden Auf­ladung der Farbpartikel Rechnung trägt.According to a first aspect of the invention, a radial potential control can thereby be achieved, which takes into account the charging of the color particles which takes place only in the ionization region of the outer electrodes at a corresponding radial distance from the spray edge.

Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung wurde überraschend gefunden, daß bei Verwendung von Fluorkohlenstoffen, vor allem aber Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) als Isloliermaterial die Eigenverschmutzung im Betrieb auf ein Minimum herabge­setzt werden kann. Sie ist erheblich geringer als bei allen für das Außengehäuse und die Elektrodenhalteranordnung in der Praxis bisher verwendeten Kunststoffen wie z.B. Poly­propylen (PP) oder Polyacetat (POM).According to a second aspect of the invention, it has surprisingly been found that when using fluorocarbons, but especially polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as insulation material, the internal pollution during operation can be reduced to a minimum. It is considerably lower than that of all plastics previously used in practice for the outer housing and the electrode holder arrangement, e.g. Polypropylene (PP) or polyacetate (POM).

Am bevorzugten Beispiel eines zur Beschichtung von Fahrzeug­karossen verwendeten Rotationszerstäubers mit Außenelektro­den wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt in

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung; und
  • Fig. 1 eine zweite, hinsichtlich des Zerstäubergehäuses abgewandelte Ausführungsform.
The invention is explained in more detail using the preferred example of a rotary atomizer used for coating vehicle bodies with external electrodes. The drawing shows in
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention; and
  • Fig. 1 shows a second, modified with respect to the atomizer housing.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung enthält eine Sprüh­einrichtung in Form eines Rotationszerstäubers 1 des bekann­ten Glockentyps, dessen den Sprühkopf bildender Glocken­teller 2 vorzugsweise von einer Luftturbine mit hoher Dreh­zahl angetrieben werden kann. Längs der Achse der Sprühein­richtung verläuft ein Wasserlack oder sonstiges leitfähiges Beschichtungsmaterial von einem Vorratssystem dem Glocken­teller 2 zuführendes Metallrohr 3, mit dem das gesamte Be­schichtungsmaterial bis zur Absprühkante des Glockentellers 2 auf Erdpotential gelegt wird. Ebenfalls auf Erdpotential liegt das zu beschichtende Werkstück (nicht dargestellt), beim hier beschriebenen Beispiel also ein Teil einer Fahr­zeugkarosse, der in einem axialen Abstand vor dem Glocken­teller 2 angeordnet wird.The device shown in FIG. 1 contains a spray device in the form of a rotary atomizer 1 of the known bell type, the bell plate 2 forming the spray head of which can preferably be driven by an air turbine at high speed. A water-based paint or other conductive coating material runs along the axis of the spraying device from a storage system to the bell plate 2 supplying metal pipe 3, with which the entire coating material is laid to earth potential up to the spraying edge of the bell plate 2. The workpiece to be coated (not shown) is also at earth potential, that is, in the example described here, part of a vehicle body, which is arranged at an axial distance in front of the bell cup 2.

Die Sprüheinrichtung hat ein Außengehäuse 4 aus isolierendem Kunststoff, in dem sich ein metallisches Innengehäuse 6 be­finden kann. Zwischen dem Glockenteller 2 und der Stirnfläche des Außengehäuses 4 erstreckt sich eine mit dem Glockenteller 2 rotierende Abdeckung 5, die wie der geerdete Glockenteller 2 aus Metall bestehen kann. Die Abdeckung 5 könnte auch als gesondertes Bauteil neben dem Glockenteiler angeordnet sein.The spray device has an outer housing 4 made of insulating plastic, in which a metallic inner housing 6 can be located. A cover 5 rotating with the bell plate 2 extends between the bell plate 2 and the end face of the outer housing 4 and, like the earthed bell plate 2, can be made of metal. The cover 5 could also be arranged as a separate component next to the bell divider.

Zum Aufladen des von der Absprühkante des Glockentellers 2 im wesentlichen radial abesprühten Beschichtungsmaterials sind bei dem dargestellten Beispiel auf einem zur Achse der Sprüheinrichtung konzentrischen Kreis in gleichmäßigen Winkelabständen nadelförmige Aufladeelektroden 10 vorgesehen. Die Aufladeelektroden 10 sind achsparallel liegend mit ihrem Hauptteil in fingerartige, aus Isolierwerkstoff bestehende Vorsprünge 11 eines kreisförmigen Ringkörpers 12 ebenfalls aus Isolierwerkstoff eingebettet und mit ihren hinteren Enden elektrisch leitend an einen ringförmig alle Elektroden mit­einander verbindenden Leiter 13 aus Draht angeschlossen, der zur elektrischen Isolierung vollständig im Inneren des Iso­lierkörpers 12 eingeschlossen sein soll. Die Elektroden 10 und der Leiter 13 sind über ein Hochspannungskabel 14 an einen Hochspannungserzeuger angeschlossen, dessen Spannung typisch in der Größenordnung zwischen 60 und 100kV liegen kann. An der Sprühvorrichtung ist der Ringkörper 12 durch beispielsweise zwei aus isolierendem Werkstoff bestehende speichenartige Stützen 15 befestigt, die z.B. (in nicht dar­gestellter Weise) mit einem Spannring an dem Außengehäuse 4 angeklemmt werden können.In the example shown, needle-shaped charging electrodes 10 are provided at uniform angular intervals on a circle concentric to the axis of the spraying device in order to charge the coating material which is essentially radially sprayed off from the spraying edge of the bell cup 2. The charging electrodes 10 are axially parallel with their main part embedded in finger-like protrusions 11 made of insulating material of a circular ring body 12 also made of insulating material and with their rear ends electrically conductively connected to a ring-shaped conductor 13 made of wire, which interconnects all electrodes and which is to be completely enclosed in the interior of the insulating body 12 for electrical insulation. The electrodes 10 and the conductor 13 are connected via a high-voltage cable 14 to a high-voltage generator, the voltage of which can typically be of the order of 60 to 100 kV. The ring body 12 is fastened to the spraying device by, for example, two spoke-like supports 15 made of insulating material, which can be clamped to the outer housing 4, for example (in a manner not shown) with a clamping ring.

Die Anzahl der Aufladeelektroden 10 soll so gewählt werden, daß sich ein zur Vermeidung einer Verschmutzungsgefahr durch das Beschichtungsmaterial auf der vorderen Stirnfläche des Ringkörpers 12 ausreichend geringer Abstand zwischen den Elektroden ergibt. Bei einem Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden von 400 mm sollen beispielsweise mindestens etwa 18 Elektroden verwendet werden. Wenn man einen kleineren oder größeren Teilkreisdurchmesser für die Elektroden wählt, ist deren mögliche Mindestanzahl in entsprechendem Maße zu verkleinern bzw. zu vergrößern. In einem relativ großen Be­reich von Teilkreisdurchmessern um den Wert von 400 mm des hier beschriebenen Beispiels sol dementsprechend der Abstand zwischen den Elektrodenspitzen zwischen etwa 40 und 70 mm betragen. Der radial gemessene Abstand der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante des Glockentellers soll wie bei der er­wähnten bekannten Vorrichtung größer sein als das Doppelte des Durchmessers (hier ungefähr 70 mm) der Absprühkante. Ein derzeit bevorzugter Bereich möglicher Teilkreisdurchmesser der Elektroden 10 beträgt etwa 350 bis 450 mm. Von Bedeutung für die Verschmutzungsgefahr ist auch die axiale Position der Elektrodenspitzen bezüglich der Ebene der Absprühkante. Wie bei der bekannten Vorrichtung sind die Elektrodenspitzen in Axialrichtung um einen gewissen Abstand hinter die Ab­sprühkante zurückgesetzt. Dieser Abstand wird so gewählt, daß sich ein brauchbarer Kompromiß zwischen der mit ab­nehmendem Abstand besser werdenden Aufladung des abgesprüh­ten Beschichtungsmaterials und einer zugleich wachsenden Verschmutzungsgefahr ergibt. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel haben sich axial gemessene Abstände zwischen 25 und 60 mm und vorzugsweise ungefähr 50 mm als brauchbar erwiesen. Generell gilt, daß die vorderen Enden der Aufladeelektroden axial um weniger als 1/3 des in radialer Richtung gemessenen Abstandes der Elektrodenspitzen von der Absprühkante hinter die Ebene der Absprühkante zurückgesetzt sein sollen.The number of charging electrodes 10 should be selected so that there is a sufficiently small distance between the electrodes to avoid a risk of contamination from the coating material on the front end face of the ring body 12. With a pitch circle diameter of the electrodes of 400 mm, for example at least about 18 electrodes should be used. If you choose a smaller or larger pitch circle diameter for the electrodes, their possible minimum number must be reduced or enlarged accordingly. In a relatively large range of pitch circle diameters around the value of 400 mm of the example described here, the distance between the electrode tips should accordingly be between about 40 and 70 mm. As in the known device mentioned, the radially measured distance of the electrode tips from the spraying edge of the bell cup should be greater than twice the diameter (here approximately 70 mm) of the spraying edge. A currently preferred range of possible pitch circle diameters of the electrodes 10 is approximately 350 to 450 mm. The axial position of the electrode tips with respect to the plane of the spray edge is also important for the risk of contamination. As with the known device, the electrode tips are set back in the axial direction a certain distance behind the spray edge. This distance is chosen so that there is a usable compromise between the charging of the sprayed coating material, which becomes better as the distance decreases, and an increasing risk of contamination. In the example shown, axially measured distances between 25 and 60 mm and preferably approximately 50 mm have been found to be useful. In general, the front ends of the charging electrodes should be set back axially by less than 1/3 of the distance of the electrode tips from the spray edge measured in the radial direction behind the plane of the spray edge.

Bei den bisher in der Praxis verwendeten Vorrichtungen der insoweit beschriebenen Gattung wurde im Betrieb ungeachtet einer optimalen Anzahl und Anordnung von Elektroden in oben beschriebener Weise eine Eigenbeschichtung sowohl der Elek­trodenhalteranordnung als auch des Außengehäuses des Zer­stäubers beobachtet. Dieses Problem kann erfindungsgemäß durch Verwendung von Fluorkohlenstoffharz wie PTFE (Poly­tetrafluoräthylen), das z.B. unter dem Namen Teflon erhält­lich ist, für wenigstens einen Teil der Isolierbestandteile der Vorrichtung, und zwar vorzugsweise für das Außengehäuse 4, die radialen Stützen 15 und die zapfen- oder fingerarti­gen Vorsprünge 11 weitgehend vermieden werden.In the devices of the type described so far, which have been used in practice, a self-coating of both the electrode holder arrangement and the outer housing of the atomizer was observed in operation regardless of an optimal number and arrangement of electrodes in the manner described above. This problem can be solved according to the invention by using fluorocarbon resin such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), e.g. is available under the name Teflon, for at least some of the insulating components of the device, preferably for the outer housing 4, the radial supports 15 and the pin-like or finger-like projections 11 are largely avoided.

Die radialen Stützen 15 können aus einem Rohr bestehen, in dessen offenes Ende der Ringkörper 12 mit passenden radial nach innen vorspringenden Zapfen unter Abdichtung eingesetzt ist, wie bei 16 dargestellt ist. Der Ringkörper 12 kann aus konstruktions- und fertigungstechnischen Gründen aus einem anderen Kunststoff wie Polyacetat (POM) bestehen.The radial supports 15 can consist of a tube, in the open end of which the annular body 12 with suitable radially inwardly projecting pins is inserted under sealing, as shown at 16. The ring body 12 can consist of a different plastic such as polyacetate (POM) for design and manufacturing reasons.

Es hat sich bei dem dargestellten Beispiel als zur Vermeidung einer Eigenverschmutzung wichtig erwiesen, daß die Außen­ flächen der aus PTFE bestehenden Teile soweit wie möglich kontinuierlich, d.h. frei von Löchern, Spalten, Fugen usw. sind. Insbesondere soll z.B. das Außengehäuse 4 frei von Ausnehmungen, Öffnungen und Bohrungen sein und auch keine Schrauben od. dgl. enthalten. Soweit derartige Befestigungs­elemente unvermeidbar sind, sollen sie ebenfalls aus PTFE bestehen. Ein Grund für die Eigenverschmutzung, die an einer Bohrung oder sonstigen Ausnehmungen insbesondere des Außen­gehäuses 4 zu beobachten wäre, ist möglicherweise die Herab­setzung der elektrischen Durchschlagfestigkeit. Die Durch­schlagfestigkeit des Gehäuses 4 soll mindestens im gesamten Bereich der Gefahr einer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Beschichtungsmaterial mindestens 5 kV betragen.In the example shown, it has proven to be important to avoid self-pollution that the outside surfaces of the parts made of PTFE are continuous as far as possible, ie free of holes, gaps, joints etc. In particular, for example, the outer housing 4 should be free of recesses, openings and bores and should also not contain any screws or the like. If such fasteners are unavoidable, they should also be made of PTFE. One reason for the self-pollution that would be observed in a bore or other recesses, in particular in the outer housing 4, is possibly the reduction in the dielectric strength. The dielectric strength of the housing 4 should be at least 5 kV at least in the entire area where there is a risk of contamination from the sprayed coating material.

Zwischen dem Außengehäuse 4 und dem metallischen Innengehäuse 6 kann sich eine gesonderte Abdeckung 8 befinden, die aus einem dreidimensional luftdurchlässigen Material wie z.B. einem porösen Kunststoffkörper besteht, der als Kondens­wasserschutz dienen kann. Ein hierfür geeignetes Material ist z.B. unter dem Namen "Filtroplast" im Handel erhältlich.Between the outer housing 4 and the metallic inner housing 6 there can be a separate cover 8, which is made of a three-dimensional air-permeable material such as e.g. consists of a porous plastic body that can serve as condensation protection. A suitable material for this is e.g. commercially available under the name "Filtroplast".

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte bevorzugte Aus­führungsbeispiel mit einem isolierenden Ringkörper und einer relativ großen Anzahl von Außenelektroden beschränkt, sondern eignet sich beispielsweise auch für die aus der erwähnten DE-OS 34 29 075 bekannte Vorrichtung mit einzeln an je einer Stütze angeordneten Elektroden.The invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment shown with an insulating ring body and a relatively large number of outer electrodes, but is also suitable, for example, for the device known from DE-OS 34 29 075 mentioned, with electrodes arranged individually on each support.

Warum PTFE als Werkstoff hinsichtlich der Eigenverschmutzung wesenltich günstiger ist als andere Werkstoffe, konnte noch nicht geklärt werden. Möglicherweise spielen hierbei ver­schiedene Eigenschaften eine Rolle, durch die sich PTFE von anderen Kunststoffen wie PP, POM und PVC oder sonstigen Iso­lierstoffen, wie Hartpappe oder Keramik, unterscheidet. Hier­zu gehören v.a. extrem hoher Oberflächenwiderstand (gemessen nach DIN 53 482), relativ geringe elektrostatische Aufladbar­keit aufgrund kleiner Dielektrizitätszahl und sehr langsame Entladung, d.h. zeitliche Änderung der Ladungsverteilung auf­grund des Ladungsausgleichs längs der Oberfläche. Ferner hat PTFE praktisch kein Wasseraufnahmevermögen, seine Eigenschaf­ten sind also kaum von Änderungen der Luftfeuchtigkeit ab­hängig.It has not yet been clarified why PTFE is essentially cheaper than other materials in terms of its own pollution. Various properties may play a role here, which differentiate PTFE from other plastics such as PP, POM and PVC or other insulating materials such as hard cardboard or ceramic. This includes extremely high surface resistance (measured according to DIN 53 482), relatively low electrostatic chargeability due to low dielectric constant and very slow discharge, ie change in charge distribution over time due to the charge equalization along the surface. Furthermore, PTFE has practically no water absorption capacity, so its properties are hardly dependent on changes in air humidity.

Die ebenfalls zur Herabsetzung einer Eigenverschmutzung bei­tragende radiale Potentialsteuerung, durch die gemäß dem eingangs erwähnten ersten Aspekt der Erfindung der radiale Potentialverlauf im Bereich der Sprühvorrichtung zwischen dem metallischen Innengehäuse 6 und den Aufladeelektroden 10 an die radiale Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert werden soll, läßt sich aber auch mit anderen Mitteln erreichen. Vorzugsweise soll zu diesem Zweck die Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens an einem radial verlau­fenden Teil 15 und wenigstens an der dem Werkstück zugewand­ten Seite aus einem Isolierwerkstoff bestehen, dessen Ober­flächenpotential im Betrieb der Sprüheinrichtung in radialer Richtung an die Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert ist, was sich unter anderem durch das für Eigen­aufladung und Ladungsableitung maßgebliche Oberflächenver­halten wie insbesondere Oberflächenwiderstand erreichen läßt. Vorzugsweise sollen alle Teile der Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens annähernd auf demselben elektrischen Potential liegen wie die jeweiligen Farbpartikel, die beim Absprühen in ihre Nähe gelangen oder gelangen würden. In der Regel ist deshalb eine radial kontinuierliche Potentialsteuerung im Bereich zwischen Zerstäubergehäuse und Elektroden zu bevor­zugen. Im Zusammenhang mit diesem Ziel kann man als Material z.B. für die rohrförmigen Stützen 15 auch Keramik statt des an sich bevorzugten PTFE verwenden. Andere Werkstoffe mit einem Oberflächenwiderstand, der ähnlich demjenigen von Keramik, POM oder aber PTFE ist, können unter Umständen ebenfalls verwendbar sein.The radial potential control, which also contributes to the reduction of self-pollution, by means of which, according to the first aspect of the invention mentioned at the beginning, the radial potential profile in the area of the spray device between the metallic inner housing 6 and the charging electrodes 10 is to be approximated to the radial potential distribution of the sprayed material also achieve by other means. For this purpose, the electrode holder arrangement should preferably consist of an insulating material on at least one radially extending part 15 and at least on the side facing the workpiece, the surface potential of which, during operation of the spraying device, is approximated in the radial direction to the potential distribution of the sprayed material, which among other things is characterized by the surface behavior relevant for self-charging and charge dissipation such as surface resistance can be achieved. Preferably, all parts of the electrode holder arrangement should be at least approximately at the same electrical potential as the respective paint particles that would come or would come close to them when sprayed. As a rule, radial continuous potential control in the area between the atomizer housing and electrodes is therefore preferable. In connection with this goal, ceramic can also be used as the material, for example for the tubular supports 15, instead of the preferred PTFE per se. Other materials with a surface resistance that is similar to that of ceramic, POM or PTFE may also be usable under certain circumstances.

Der Sprühkopf 2 und/oder die mit ihm rotierende Abdeckung 5 können statt aus Metall, das derzeit bevorzugt wird, wenig­stens zum Teil auch aus anderem für die gewünschte Potential­steuerung geeigneten Material bestehen.The spray head 2 and / or the cover 5 rotating with it can also consist, at least in part, of other material suitable for the desired potential control instead of metal, which is currently preferred.

Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Vorrichtung liegt die er­wähnte dreidimensional poröse ringförmige Abdeckung 8 auf der Innenseite des Außengehäuses 4 zwischen diesem und dem metallischen Innengehäuse 6. Fig. 2 zeigt eine in dieser Hinsicht abgewandelte Ausführungsform, bei der eine ent­sprechende Abdeckung 8ʹ haubenartig die gesamte Außenseite des Außengehäuses 4ʹ aus PTFE umschließt. Zwischen der Außenseite des Außengehäuses 4ʹ und der Innenseite der ge­samten Abdeckung 8ʹ ist mit Ausnahme der axial vorderen und hinteren Ränder ein Luftspalt 20 freigelassen, in den eine Leitung 21 zum Einblasen von Luft in diesen ringförmi­gen Spalt führt. Die Luft gelangt durch das poröse Material der Abdeckung 8ʹ nach außen. Die Abdeckung 8ʹ kann eine Öffnung zum Durchführen der Stütze 15 haben.In the device shown in Fig. 1, the aforementioned three-dimensional porous annular cover 8 is on the inside of the outer housing 4 between this and the metallic inner housing 6. Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment in this regard, in which a corresponding cover 8ʹ like a hood the entire Encloses the outside of the outer housing 4ʹ made of PTFE. An air gap 20 is left between the outside of the outer housing 4ʹ and the inside of the entire cover 8ʹ, with the exception of the axially front and rear edges, into which a line 21 leads for blowing air into this annular gap. The air escapes through the porous material of the cover 8ʹ. The cover 8ʹ may have an opening for the support 15 to pass through.

Claims (17)

1) Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Beschichten von Werk­stücken mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, mit einer Sprüheinrichtung, insbesondere einem Rotations­zerstäuber (1),
deren Sprühkopf (2) an einem innerhalb eines Außengehäuses (4) aus Isolierwerkstoff befindlichen Innengehäuse (6) ange­ordnet ist;
mit einer das Beschichtungsmaterial von einem Vorratssystem einer Absprühkante am Sprühkopf zuführenden Leitung, die mit dem Material bis in den Sprühkopf auf Erdpotential ge­legt wird;
mit radial um den Sprühkopf verteilten nadelförmigen Auflade­elektroden (10), die zum Aufladen des Beschichtungsmaterials und zum Erzeugen eines elektrischen Feldes an einen Hoch­spannungserzeuger angeschlossen werden,
und mit einer Elektrodenhalteranordnung (11,12,15) aus Isolierwerkstoff, in welche die Aufladeelektroden (10) mit Ausnahme ihrer vorderen Enden eingeschlossen sind, insbe­sondere mit einer oder mehr radial von dem Außengehäuse abstehenden Stützen (15) aus Isolierwerkstoff,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Potentialsteuermittel vorgesehen sind, durch welche der radiale Potentialverlauf im Bereich der Sprüheinrichtung zwischen dem Innengehäuse (6) und den Aufladeelektroden (10) an die radiale Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert wird.1) Device for the electrostatic coating of workpieces with an electrically conductive material, with a spray device, in particular a rotary atomizer (1),
whose spray head (2) is arranged on an inner housing (6) located within an outer housing (4) made of insulating material;
with a line supplying the coating material from a supply system to a spray edge on the spray head, which line is grounded with the material into the spray head;
with needle-shaped charging electrodes (10) distributed radially around the spray head, which are connected to a high-voltage generator for charging the coating material and for generating an electric field,
and with an electrode holder arrangement (11, 12, 15) made of insulating material, in which the charging electrodes (10) are enclosed with the exception of their front ends, in particular with one or more supports (15) made of insulating material projecting radially from the outer housing,
characterized in that potential control means are provided by which the radial potential profile in the area of the spray device between the inner housing (6) and the charging electrodes (10) is approximated to the radial potential distribution of the sprayed material. 2) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Potentialsteuermittel durch die Elektrodenhalter­anordnung (15,12) und/oder das Außengehäuse (4) gebildet sind.2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the potential control means are formed by the electrode holder arrangement (15, 12) and / or the outer housing (4). 3) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens an einem radial verlaufenden Teil (15) und wenigstens an der dem Werkstück zugewandten Seite aus einem Isolierwerkstoff besteht, dessen Oberflächenpotential im Betrieb der Sprüh­einrichtung in radialer Richtung an die Potentialverteilung des abgesprühten Materials angenähert ist.3) Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrode holder arrangement consists at least on a radially extending part (15) and at least on the side facing the workpiece from an insulating material, the surface potential during operation of the spray device in the radial direction to the potential distribution of the sprayed material is approximated. 4) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine oder mehr radial verlau­fende Stützen (15) der Elektrodenhalteranordnung, welche die Aufladeelektroden (10) enthaltende Isolierteile (11,12) mit dem Innengehäuse (6) verbinden, wenigstens zum Teil aus Keramik bestehen.4) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more radially extending supports (15) of the electrode holder arrangement, which connect the charging electrodes (10) containing insulating parts (11, 12) to the inner housing (6), at least partially Ceramics exist. 5) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens zum Teil (12) aus Polyacetat-Kunststoff (POM) be­steht.5) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrode holder arrangement consists at least in part (12) of polyacetate plastic (POM). 6) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenhalteranordnung wenigstens zum Teil aus einem Kunststoff oder sonstigem Werkstoff mit einem Oberflächenwiderstand besteht, der ähn­lich demjenigen von Polyacetat (POM) oder von Keramik ist.6) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrode holder arrangement consists at least in part of a plastic or other material with a surface resistance which is similar to that of polyacetate (POM) or ceramic. 7) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sprühkopf (2) und/oder eine neben ihm angeordnete Abdeckung (5) wenigstens zum Teil ein zur Potentialsteuerung geeignetes Material aufweisen.7) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spray head (2) and / or a cover (5) arranged next to it have at least in part a material suitable for potential control. 8) Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Beschichten von Werkstücken mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, mit einer Sprüheinrichtung, insbesondere einem Rotations­zerstäuber (1),
deren Sprühkopf (2) an einem innerhalb eines Außengehäuses (4) aus Isolierwerkstoff befindlichen Innengehäuse (6) ange­ordnet ist;
mit einer das Beschichtungsmaterial von einem Vorratssystem einer Absprühkante am Sprühkopf zuführenden Leitung, die mit dem Material bis in den Sprühkopf auf Erdpotential ge­legt wird;
mit radial um den Sprühkopf verteilten nadelförmigen Auflade­elektroden (10), die zum Aufladen des Beschichtungsmaterials und zum Erzeugen eines elektrischen Feldes an einen Hoch­spannungserzeuger angeschlossen werden,
und mit einer Elektrodenhalteranordnung (11,12,15) aus Iso­lierwerkstoff, in welche die Aufladeelektroden (10) mit Aus­nahme ihrer vorderen Enden eingeschlossen sind, insbesondere mit einer oder mehr radial von dem Außengehäuse abstehenden Stützen (15) aus Isolierwerkstoff,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Isolierwerkstoff wenigstens eines Teils der Vorrichtung aus einem Fluorkohlenstoff be­steht.8) device for electrostatically coating workpieces with an electrically conductive material, with a spray device, in particular a rotary atomizer (1),
whose spray head (2) is arranged on an inner housing (6) located within an outer housing (4) made of insulating material;
with a line supplying the coating material from a supply system to a spray edge on the spray head, which line is grounded with the material into the spray head;
with needle-shaped charging electrodes (10) distributed radially around the spray head, which are connected to a high-voltage generator for charging the coating material and for generating an electric field,
and with an electrode holder arrangement (11, 12, 15) made of insulating material, in which the charging electrodes (10) are enclosed with the exception of their front ends, in particular with one or more supports (15) made of insulating material projecting radially from the outer housing,
characterized in that the insulating material of at least part of the device consists of a fluorocarbon. 9) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Isolierwerkstoff aus PTFE besteht.9) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the insulating material consists of PTFE. 10) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß wenigstens ein Teil des Außengehäuses (4) aus dem Fluorkohlenstoff-Werkstoff (PTFE) besteht.10) Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least part of the outer housing (4) consists of the fluorocarbon material (PTFE). 11) Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrodenhalteranordnung (111,12,15) wenigstens zum Teil (11,15) aus dem Fluor­kohlenstoff-Werkstoff (PTFE) besteht.11) Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the electrode holder arrangement (111, 12, 15) consists at least in part (11, 15) of the fluorocarbon material (PTFE). 12) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die radial verlaufenden Stützen (15) der Elektroden­halteranordnung (11,12,15) wenigstens an ihrer Oberfläche aus dem Fluorkohlenstoff-Werkstoff (PTFE) bestehen.12) Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the radially extending supports (15) of the electrode holder arrangement (11, 12, 15) consist at least on their surface of the fluorocarbon material (PTFE). 13) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nadelförmigen Aufladeelek­troden (10) in fingerartige Vorsprünge (11) aus Fluor­kohlenstoff-Werkstoff (PTFE) eingebettet sind.13) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needle-shaped charging electrodes (10) are embedded in finger-like projections (11) made of fluorocarbon material (PTFE). 14) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Außengehäuse (4) wenigstens im Bereich der Gefahr einer Verschmutzung durch das abge­sprühte Beschichtungsmaterial eine durchgehend glatte Außenfläche hat und in diesem Bereich frei von Ausnehmungen, Öffnungen und Bohrungen ist.14) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer housing (4) has a continuously smooth outer surface at least in the area of the risk of contamination by the sprayed coating material and is free of recesses, openings and bores in this area. 15) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Durchschlag­festigkeit des Außengehäuses (4) im gesamten Bereich der Gefahr einer Verschmutzung durch das abgesprühte Beschich­tungsmaterial mindestens 5 kV beträgt.15) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dielectric strength of the outer housing (4) is at least 5 kV in the entire area of the risk of contamination by the sprayed coating material. 6) Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Innenseite oder auf der Außenseite des Außengehäuses (4,4ʹ) eine gesonderte Ab­deckung (8,8ʹ) aus einem dreidimensional luftdurchlässigen Material angeordnet ist.6) Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separate cover (8,8ʹ) made of a three-dimensional air-permeable material is arranged on the inside or on the outside of the outer housing (4,4ʹ). 17) Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen dem Außengehäuse (8ʹ) und der porösen Abdeckung (8ʹ) ein ringförmig umlaufender Luftspalt (20) be­findet, in dem eine Leitung (21) zum Einblasen von Luft mündet.17) Device according to claim 16, characterized in that between the outer housing (8ʹ) and the porous cover (8ʹ) there is an annular air gap (20) in which a line (21) opens for blowing air.
EP88104183A 1987-03-23 1988-03-16 Device for electrostatic coating of objects Expired - Lifetime EP0283918B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873709508 DE3709508A1 (en) 1987-03-23 1987-03-23 Apparatus for the electrostatic coating of workpieces
DE3709508 1987-03-23
DE8709948U 1987-07-20
DE8709948U DE8709948U1 (en) 1987-07-20 1987-07-20 Device for electrostatic coating of workpieces

Publications (3)

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EP0283918A2 true EP0283918A2 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0283918A3 EP0283918A3 (en) 1989-11-02
EP0283918B1 EP0283918B1 (en) 1991-07-10

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JP (1) JPH0661491B2 (en)
KR (1) KR930004010B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1010559B (en)
AU (1) AU602963B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8801279A (en)
CA (1) CA1303345C (en)
CS (1) CS275114B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3863562D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2004334B3 (en)
FI (1) FI91720C (en)
HU (1) HUT57086A (en)
MX (1) MX169525B (en)
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DE19611369A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Duerr Gmbh & Co Rotary atomizer for electrostatically assisted coating of objects with paints or varnishes
FR2763263A1 (en) * 1997-05-14 1998-11-20 Nihon Parkerizing ELECTROSTATIC POWDER SPRAY GUN
DE10342188A1 (en) * 2003-02-27 2004-09-16 Dürr Systems GmbH Bell plate and rotary atomizer
WO2010051958A3 (en) * 2008-11-07 2010-07-15 Dürr Systems GmbH Coated coating machine component, particularly bell plate, and corresponding production method
US10471445B2 (en) 2008-11-07 2019-11-12 Dürr Systems GmbH Coating machine component including a functional element that is a coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0661491B2 (en) 1994-08-17
CS8801871A3 (en) 1992-02-19
NZ223920A (en) 1989-10-27
AU1337688A (en) 1988-09-22
US4955960A (en) 1990-09-11
MX169525B (en) 1993-07-09
JPS63258665A (en) 1988-10-26
HUT57086A (en) 1991-11-28
FI91720B (en) 1994-04-29
DE3863562D1 (en) 1991-08-14
ES2004334A4 (en) 1989-01-01
BR8801279A (en) 1988-10-25
FI881345A0 (en) 1988-03-22
CA1303345C (en) 1992-06-16
KR930004010B1 (en) 1993-05-19
EP0283918A3 (en) 1989-11-02
AU602963B2 (en) 1990-11-01
KR880010829A (en) 1988-10-24
FI881345A7 (en) 1988-09-24
RU1806020C (en) 1993-03-30
CN1010559B (en) 1990-11-28
CN88101597A (en) 1988-10-05
ES2004334B3 (en) 1992-01-16
EP0283918B1 (en) 1991-07-10
CS275114B2 (en) 1992-02-19
FI91720C (en) 1994-08-10
PL158987B1 (en) 1992-10-30
PL271381A1 (en) 1988-12-22

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