EP0277862A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vernichtung von festen Rückständen durch Pyrolyse - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vernichtung von festen Rückständen durch Pyrolyse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277862A1
EP0277862A1 EP88400110A EP88400110A EP0277862A1 EP 0277862 A1 EP0277862 A1 EP 0277862A1 EP 88400110 A EP88400110 A EP 88400110A EP 88400110 A EP88400110 A EP 88400110A EP 0277862 A1 EP0277862 A1 EP 0277862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plasma
waste
column
jet
adjustable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400110A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0277862B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Durand
Joel Truc
Maxime Labrot
Yves Valy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
CNIM Groupe SA
Original Assignee
Airbus Group SAS
Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA
Constructions Navales et Industrielle de la Mediterranee CNIM SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS, Constructions Industrielles de la Mediterrane CNIM SA, Constructions Navales et Industrielle de la Mediterranee CNIM SA filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Publication of EP0277862A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277862A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0277862B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277862B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the destruction and treatment of solid waste, in particular waste of hospital and / or industrial origin.
  • a pyrolysis oven is used for this purpose, which is generally in the form of a vertical cylinder (or several truncated cones).
  • the waste is placed in the upper part and is heated and pyrolyzed, as it descends into the oven, by hot gases, originating from pyrolysis, which circulate against the current, that is to say climbing.
  • the hot air wind is blown at the bottom of the oven. It provides part of the heat energy necessary for operation and the oxygen ensuring the combustion of part of the waste, thus producing additional heat energy.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known pyrolysis ovens. It makes it possible to solve the problem of unburnt materials contained in the residues originating from the destruction of solid waste and to improve the flow of these molten residues.
  • the process for the destruction of solid waste by pyrolysis according to which a column of such waste is traversed at least partially, from bottom to top, by a hot gas stream blown at the base of said column , is remarkable in that said hot gas stream is generated by at least one plasma jet, and preferably by a plurality of plasma jets distributed at the periphery of said column of waste, in the vicinity of the base thereof.
  • the hot gas blown at the base of the pyrolysis oven and passing through the waste column is no longer air, but a gas produced by one or more plasma generators (torches), which makes it possible to control the temperature molten residue.
  • the plasma jet is preferably directed to the base of the waste column, where it enters the molten slag bath. It thus completes the fusion of the waste which has undergone pyrolysis and it increases the temperature of the slag, thus giving it the fluidity required for good flow.
  • each plasma jet is inclined, from top to bottom, with respect to the horizontal, towards the base of said column.
  • each plasma jet in order to allow greater efficiency and greater freedom in the choice of the point of impact of the darts of the plasma torches on the base of the waste column, provision is made for the direction of each plasma jet to be inclined relative to to the direction of the corresponding radius of the waste column and that this direction is adjustable.
  • Any suitable plasma gas can be used.
  • a device for the destruction of solid waste by pyrolysis comprising a vertical wall in which is guided a column of such waste, means for blowing a hot gas jet arranged at the lower part of said wall and means for the evacuation of hot gases arranged in the upper part of said wall, this device being remarkable in that said means for blowing hot gaseous jet consist of at least one plasma generator.
  • said gas jet blowing means are constituted by a plurality of plasma generators distributed at the periphery of said lower part of said wall.
  • said plasma generators are adjustable in orientation around a horizontal axis and / or around a vertical axis.
  • said plasma generators are preferably individually adjustable.
  • said device comprises a pouring orifice for molten slag provided in the bottom of said device, there is at least one of said plasma generators at least substantially perpendicular to said pouring orifice.
  • the plasma jet participates, on the one hand, in the vertical stability of the charge and, on the other hand, in the clearance of the pouring orifice (thus avoiding the passage of non-pyrolyzed material).
  • the pyrolysis oven according to the invention and shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprises a refractory crucible 1, surmounted by a vertical envelope in two parts 2 and 3, the upper part 3 of said envelope being itself surmounted through a hopper 4.
  • an airlock 5 is provided, delimited between an upper register 6 and a lower register 7.
  • a pipe 8 for the evacuation of the gases is provided at the junction of the two envelope parts 2 and 3.
  • Plasma torches 9 are arranged at the periphery of the crucible 1 and directed towards the interior thereof.
  • the waste to be destroyed is loaded into the oven through the hopper 4 and passes through the airlock 5, which seals with the outside.
  • the upper part 3 of the envelope the cross section of which advantageously goes downwards in order to avoid jams, guides the waste column 10 in its descent by gravity.
  • the upper part 10a of the waste column contained in the upper part 3 of the envelope (under the register 7) protects the airlock from direct contact of the gases leaving the oven through the pipe 8.
  • the combustion of these gases in a post-combustion, their cooling and their treatment are not described below, because outside the scope of the present invention.
  • the lower part 2 of the envelope advantageously cooled by a water jacket 11, guides the downward descent of the middle part 10b of the waste column 10.
  • the section of the envelope 2 also increases in a downward direction in order to avoid jams.
  • the waste contained in this zone 10b is gradually dried, decomposed and pyrolyzed by the hot gases which come from the lower part of the oven.
  • the crucible 1 constituting the base of the furnace, is entirely coated with refractory elements resistant to very high temperatures.
  • the waste enters there through the upper part and comes to rest on the bottom 12 in the slag 13.
  • the liquid slag 13 flows through an orifice 15 passing through the bottom 12 of the crucible 1, falls into a well 16 and cools in a tank 17 filled with water.
  • the point of impact 14 of the plasma jets of the torches 9 on the base 10c of the waste column 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the angle a of the torches 9 with the horizontal. If we decrease a , point 14 moves to the still solid waste; on the other hand, if the angle a increases, the point 14 moves towards the slag 13.
  • angles a may be different for each torch 9, thus making it possible to distribute the energy supplied horizontally as well as possible, which promotes stirring movements.
  • One of the torches 9 is advantageously in the vertical plane of the taphole 15 so as to release the latter.
  • the torches 9 are not directed towards the axis 18 of the crucible 1, but form with the corresponding radius 20 an angle b which can be adjusted according to the intended application and even vary in order to give a rotational movement to the molten slag and thus homogenize its temperature.
  • the torches 9 are supplied with electric current and with plasmogenic gas in a known manner and not shown. Under the effect of the stabilized electric arc in the torches, the gas is transformed into plasma (for example between 3000 ° C and 7000 ° C) and constitutes a dart 19 at very high temperature.
  • the temperature in the crucible is increased and therefore the temperature of the slag which thus becomes more fluid.
  • Part of the thermal energy is brought to the system by the enthalpy of the plasma.
  • the other part is provided by the combustion of a fraction of the waste in contact with the oxygen brought in by the plasma; by increasing the flow of gas supplied to the torches, the quantity of waste oxidized by the oxygen in the plasma is increased, therefore the thermal energy released by the combustion of the waste is increased. It is then possible to use in return the corresponding energy of the plasma to raise the temperature of the slag, for example by increasing the angle a .
  • FIG 3 there is shown the adjustable mounting of a torch 9.
  • said adjustable mounting is of the ball joint type.
  • each torch 9 is secured to a frame 25, by means of fixing means 26.
  • the nozzle 27 of said torch 9 passes through the frame 25 and an internal seal 28 ensures the seal between the latter and said nozzle.
  • the mount 25, by means of a seal 29, can rotate in a spherical bearing 30 in order to pivot around a center of rotation 31.
  • the spherical bearing 30 is formed in a flange 32, for example hollow to form a channel 33 for circulation of a cooling fluid, which is fixed to the periphery of an orifice 34, passing through the side wall 35 of the crucible 1.
  • a rear support 36 secured to the flange 32 by spacers 37, has a spherical bearing surface 38 in contact with a stud 39, integral with the rear of the torch 9 and provided with a spherical end capable of sliding on the bearing surface 38.
  • Elastic means 40 provided between the frame 25 and the torch 9 allow to apply the seal 29 against the spherical bearing 30 and the stud 39 against the spherical bearing 38.
  • the seals 28 and 29 are for example made of copper or stainless steel.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP88400110A 1987-01-22 1988-01-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vernichtung von festen Rückständen durch Pyrolyse Expired - Lifetime EP0277862B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8700726A FR2610087B1 (fr) 1987-01-22 1987-01-22 Procede et dispositif pour la destruction de dechets solides par pyrolyse
FR8700726 1987-01-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277862A1 true EP0277862A1 (de) 1988-08-10
EP0277862B1 EP0277862B1 (de) 1991-12-04

Family

ID=9347162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400110A Expired - Lifetime EP0277862B1 (de) 1987-01-22 1988-01-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vernichtung von festen Rückständen durch Pyrolyse

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4831944A (de)
EP (1) EP0277862B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0743104B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1297345C (de)
DE (1) DE3866551D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2027769T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2610087B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2287471A (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-09-20 Wrc Plc Aqueous sludge treatment
DE20120189U1 (de) * 2001-12-14 2003-04-24 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG, 04158 Leipzig Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
EP2262872A1 (de) * 2008-04-10 2010-12-22 The Crucible Group Pty Ltd Verarbeitung von organischen materialien
US9708540B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2017-07-18 The Crucible Group Pty Ltd Processing organic materials

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FR2630529B1 (fr) * 1988-04-22 1990-08-10 Aerospatiale Procede et dispositif pour la destruction de dechets chimiquement stables
DE3922383C2 (de) * 1988-08-11 1994-06-09 Grimma Masch Anlagen Gmbh Verfahren zur Vernichtung toxischer Abprodukte und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2287471A (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-09-20 Wrc Plc Aqueous sludge treatment
GB2287471B (en) * 1994-03-17 1997-11-26 Wrc Plc Aqueous sludge treatment
DE20120189U1 (de) * 2001-12-14 2003-04-24 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG, 04158 Leipzig Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
EP2262872A1 (de) * 2008-04-10 2010-12-22 The Crucible Group Pty Ltd Verarbeitung von organischen materialien
EP2262872A4 (de) * 2008-04-10 2011-10-12 Crucible Group Pty Ltd Verarbeitung von organischen materialien
US8888962B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2014-11-18 The Crucible Group Pty Ltd Processing organic materials
US9708540B2 (en) 2008-04-10 2017-07-18 The Crucible Group Pty Ltd Processing organic materials

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US4831944A (en) 1989-05-23
DE3866551D1 (de) 1992-01-16
ES2027769T3 (es) 1992-06-16
JPH0743104B2 (ja) 1995-05-15
FR2610087A1 (fr) 1988-07-29
EP0277862B1 (de) 1991-12-04
FR2610087B1 (fr) 1989-11-24
JPS63183307A (ja) 1988-07-28
CA1297345C (fr) 1992-03-17

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