EP0277059A1 - Schienenfahrzeug mit Lastverteilung auf die vier bezüglich des Aufbaus einstellbaren Achsen - Google Patents

Schienenfahrzeug mit Lastverteilung auf die vier bezüglich des Aufbaus einstellbaren Achsen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0277059A1
EP0277059A1 EP88400078A EP88400078A EP0277059A1 EP 0277059 A1 EP0277059 A1 EP 0277059A1 EP 88400078 A EP88400078 A EP 88400078A EP 88400078 A EP88400078 A EP 88400078A EP 0277059 A1 EP0277059 A1 EP 0277059A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axles
articulation
vehicle according
load
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400078A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0277059B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Ragueneau
René Klima
Marie-Christine Piget
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
Original Assignee
Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens filed Critical Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
Priority to AT88400078T priority Critical patent/ATE66650T1/de
Publication of EP0277059A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277059A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0277059B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277059B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/44—Adjustment controlled by movements of vehicle body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a railway vehicle comprising two sets of two axles which can be oriented relative to the body.
  • the wagons intended for the transport of passengers almost all have two bogies formed by two axles and oriented relative to the body around a central pivot.
  • the load of the wagon is applied to the center of each bogie so that the load of the wagon body is in fact concentrated at two points and with a cantilever between the central point of support and the ends of the bogie since the load is transferred from the central point of the bogie to the axles.
  • Railway vehicles are also known which comprise only two axles with radial guidance, that is to say axles whose axis is guided so as to always pass through the instantaneous center of rotation of the track.
  • Radial guidance has the advantage of eliminating screeching in curves and undulating rail wear.
  • the use of radial axles arranged at the end of railway vehicles also makes it possible to load the axles directly and not centrally, as in the case of a bogie. The load is then distributed without overhang. However, for heavy vehicles, it is imperative to increase the number of wheels to stay below the limit load tolerated by the infrastructure.
  • the subject of the present invention is a railway vehicle comprising sets of two axles which can be oriented relative to the body in which the load of the body is supported by the rolling elements without any problem of overhang while making it possible to support bodies of significant weight.
  • the rail vehicle according to the invention is notably remarkable in that the load of the body is applied in the vertical plane of each axle at two points close to the wheels. In this way, the load is applied at four points for each of the sets of two axles, which eliminates the problems of overhang whether in the longitudinal or transverse direction; moreover, the axle load being lower, for example 22.5 tonnes, it is possible to support wagons of significant weight.
  • the axle may be an axle which supports the two wheels arranged on either side of the rail vehicle; the axle can also be constituted by a cross member carrying the wheels at its two ends and arranged in a plane different from the horizontal plane of the axis of the wheels.
  • said cross member is disposed above the axis of the wheels, which makes it possible to reduce the distance between the bottom of the body and the axle and to raise the support points of the body.
  • the cross member is arranged below the axis of the wheels, which allows lower the body and make, for example, double-decker passenger wagons.
  • the load of the body is applied to each of the axles by means of sideboards; torsion springs or ball and roller bearings can also be used.
  • the invention applies more particularly to railway vehicles with integral radial guidance, that is to say railway vehicles which comprise two assemblies each comprising two axles which can be oriented with radial guidance.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 there is shown schematically a railway vehicle comprising two sets of two axles with radial guidance.
  • This vehicle the central part of which has not been shown, comprises a body 1 supported by two assemblies 11 and 12, each comprising two axles 2 carrying wheels 3.
  • Each axle may be an axle-axle integral with the wheels 3, but it may also be cross-members arranged above the plane of the axis of the wheels 3 and carrying the latter. They may be independent wheels or the crosspieces can be fixed on mounted axles made in one piece with the wheels 3.
  • Each set 11 and 12 is arranged in the vicinity of one end of the body 1.
  • the two axles 2 are connected by a horizontal connecting bar 4, the ends of which are mounted at articulation at 7 on the center of the axles or cross members 2 and which is mounted at articulation around a first vertical axis 8 secured to the body and arranged in the longitudinal median plane 13 of the latter.
  • each axle 2 has a connecting bar which is fixed to the latter orthogonally in its middle 7.
  • the first bar 5 has its other end fixed to articulation on the second bar 6 at a point of articulation 10.
  • the second bar 6 comprises an extension 14 beyond the point 10 of articulation with the first bar 5 and the free end of this extension 14 is fixed at articulation around a second vertical fixed axis 9 secured to the body 1; this second fixed axis is also arranged in the longitudinal median plane 13.
  • the second vertical fixed axis 9 can be located towards the end of the wagon relative to the first vertical axis of rotation 8 as is the case in the embodiment shown; according to a variant, this second fixed vertical axis of rotation can be located inside, that is to say towards the center of the vehicle with respect to the first fixed vertical axis.
  • the two second vertical axes are outside the first two vertical axes and in the second embodiment they are inside.
  • each set 11 and 12 is designed in such a way that the distance (a) separating the first two fixed axes 8 from the two sets, the distance (b) in straight alignment between the center 7 of an axle and the first fixed articulation axis 8 and the length (n) of the extension 14, that is to say the distance between the second fixed vertical axis 9 and the articulation point 10 of the two bars of link 5 and 6, verify at least approximately the following relation:
  • This variation in length is very small; so for example for a minimum radius of curvature of 30 meters a distance between set of axles (a) equal to 10 meters, half a distance between axles of the same set (2) equal to 1 meter and an extension length (b) equal to 0.25 meters, the maximum variation in length articulation bars 5 and 6 is 6.10 ⁇ 4m and we ensure the radiality of the two axles to 6.10 ⁇ 3 degree.
  • elastic blocks can be used to connect the articulation arms to the axles or the two ends of the link arm to the axles.
  • the load is carried out on each of the axles at two points located near the wheels, so that for each set there are four support points which are not arranged in the longitudinal median plane 13 as in the case of a bogie but on the sides of the vehicle which eliminates the drawbacks due to the overhang.
  • the first fixed vertical axis of rotation 8 then does not support any load and it only carries out the guiding of each assembly without any vertical force; this also applies to the second vertical axis of rotation 9.
  • connection between the body 1 and the four axles 2 is carried out with devices having a low coefficient of friction; it is possible, for example, to use reading boards of known type.
  • the load of the rail vehicle is applied to each axle at two points close to the wheels by means of torsion springs.
  • Figures 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of the invention and show an assembly of two axles with radial guidance as described above.
  • Figure 5 is a top view on which the load distribution elements have been shown only on the right for reasons of clarity and
  • Figure 4 is a side view, the wheel on the left being seen from the outside and the wheel on the right being seen from the inside.
  • the car body is shown schematically by a part 41; on this part is fixed a central pivot 42 which corresponds to the first fixed vertical axis of rotation 8; the part 41 also supports a vertical axis of rotation 43 which corresponds to the second vertical axis of rotation 9.
  • a horizontal bar 44 is articulated at its two ends in the middle of each axle at 45 and it is also fixed in its middle on the pivot 42. This horizontal bar therefore corresponds to the horizontal connecting bar 4 above.
  • each axle each consist of a set of two bars 46 (respectively 48) fixed to the ends of the axle and connected to a part 47 (respectively 49).
  • These two parts 47 and 49 are articulated one on the other about a non-visible central vertical axis corresponding to the articulation point 10.
  • One of these parts, part 49 in the example shown, comprises a extension 51 beyond its central axis of articulation; the end of this extension 51 is mounted at articulation around the pivot 43 constituting the second fixed vertical axis.
  • the load of the body is distributed over the two axles of each assembly in the vicinity of the wheels.
  • one end of the body represented by the part 41 has two wings 52 at each of the wheels 54 and 55; these wings are used to transfer the weight of the body to each of the axles in each set.
  • this weight transfer is advantageously carried out by means of readers 53 secured to the crosspiece 56. These readers are friction parts used in the railway sector to receive part of the weight of the body and transmit it to the sleeper.
  • sideboards makes it possible to obtain a load transfer while allowing any movement of the two parts bearing on one another.
  • torsion springs can also be used; these torsion springs also make it possible to absorb the relative movements of the body and the axle, and the use of these torsion reports also makes it possible to obtain a suspension and to remove the primary suspensions 57 which can be seen at each wheel in Figure 4.
  • Ball or roller tracks can also be used in place of side rails to transfer the load from the box.
  • the use of these raceways has the advantage that they have a lower braking torque than the sideboards.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to better distribute the load and also to eliminate the beams which transmit the load from the center of the bogie to the axles in the case of a bogie; this simplifies the production of the assemblies with respect to the bogie and this results in a reduction in the structure of these assemblies.
  • the distribution of the load at four points limits the roll movements.
  • the invention Compared to vehicles comprising two radial axles as described above, the invention practically makes it possible to double the vehicle load by maintaining a constant axle load; for example, if we accept a load of 22.5 tonnes per axle, it is possible to make heavy rail vehicles.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the reduction of the unloading rate in the buy-backs of cant, that is to say that in the entrances to curves with cant, no wheel is unloaded because the two axles are independent.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)
EP88400078A 1987-01-16 1988-01-15 Schienenfahrzeug mit Lastverteilung auf die vier bezüglich des Aufbaus einstellbaren Achsen Expired - Lifetime EP0277059B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400078T ATE66650T1 (de) 1987-01-16 1988-01-15 Schienenfahrzeug mit lastverteilung auf die vier bezueglich des aufbaus einstellbaren achsen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8700479A FR2609677B1 (fr) 1987-01-16 1987-01-16 Vehicule ferroviaire a quatre essieux orientes par rapport a la caisse
FR8700479 1987-01-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277059A1 true EP0277059A1 (de) 1988-08-03
EP0277059B1 EP0277059B1 (de) 1991-08-28

Family

ID=9346991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400078A Expired - Lifetime EP0277059B1 (de) 1987-01-16 1988-01-15 Schienenfahrzeug mit Lastverteilung auf die vier bezüglich des Aufbaus einstellbaren Achsen

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4986191A (de)
EP (1) EP0277059B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH078647B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE66650T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1311966C (de)
DE (1) DE3864409D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2025296B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2609677B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3002709T3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA88301B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009071768A1 (fr) * 2007-09-24 2009-06-11 Henri Guillemaut Boggie ferroviaire à roues orientables selon la courbure de la voie

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5191841A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-03-09 Harsco Corporation Railroad bogie and rail grinder using the bogie
US5199359A (en) * 1992-05-20 1993-04-06 Innotermodal Inc. Steerable rail-bogie
WO2007051250A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-10 Accu-Trakka Pty Ltd Improvements in rail wagon and road trailer arrangements
WO2013061641A1 (ja) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 新日鐵住金株式会社 鉄道車両用台車の操舵方法及び装置並びに台車
KR101352047B1 (ko) * 2012-11-13 2014-01-22 한국철도기술연구원 대륙철도차량용 대차의 주행안정화 장치

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR795148A (fr) * 1934-09-26 1936-03-04 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Véhicule ferroviaire comportant au moins un groupe de deux essieux orientables radialement, établi sous la forme d'un bogie
DE810991C (de) * 1949-02-10 1951-08-16 Roman Dipl-Ing Liechty Achssteuereinrichtung fuer die Radachsen von in einem Drehgestellrahmen gelagerten Lenkgestellen
DE876249C (de) * 1950-07-25 1953-05-11 Deutsche Bundesbahn Achssteuerung fuer vorzugsweise zweiachsige Schienenfahrzeuge, deren Radsaetze durchdie Spurkranzfuehrungskraefte bogensenkrecht gesteuert werden
WO1981002917A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-15 Lamson & Sessions Co Roller side bearing mounting system and method

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US90513A (en) * 1869-05-25 Zebina eastman
US727918A (en) * 1902-06-07 1903-05-12 Sherburn M Merrill Radial car-truck.
DE647102C (de) * 1934-09-26 1937-06-28 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Gleisfahrzeug mit mindestens einer Achsgruppe von zwei zwangslaeufig durch den Ausschlag des Wagenkastens radial gelenkten Achsen
US3961582A (en) * 1971-10-14 1976-06-08 Hamilton Neil King Paton Articulated railcar
US4781124A (en) * 1974-01-31 1988-11-01 Railway Engineering Associates, Inc. Articulated trucks
US4819566A (en) * 1985-08-13 1989-04-11 Urban Transportation Development Corp., Ltd. Stabilized steerable truck
JPS6291360A (ja) * 1985-10-18 1987-04-25 東急車輌製造株式会社 鉄道車両用台車
JPH0741836B2 (ja) * 1986-01-29 1995-05-10 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 自己車軸操舵台車
US4823706A (en) * 1986-11-10 1989-04-25 The Ani Corporation Limited Railway wagon suspension system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR795148A (fr) * 1934-09-26 1936-03-04 Sig Schweiz Industrieges Véhicule ferroviaire comportant au moins un groupe de deux essieux orientables radialement, établi sous la forme d'un bogie
DE810991C (de) * 1949-02-10 1951-08-16 Roman Dipl-Ing Liechty Achssteuereinrichtung fuer die Radachsen von in einem Drehgestellrahmen gelagerten Lenkgestellen
DE876249C (de) * 1950-07-25 1953-05-11 Deutsche Bundesbahn Achssteuerung fuer vorzugsweise zweiachsige Schienenfahrzeuge, deren Radsaetze durchdie Spurkranzfuehrungskraefte bogensenkrecht gesteuert werden
WO1981002917A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-10-15 Lamson & Sessions Co Roller side bearing mounting system and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EISENBAHNWESEN UND VERKEHRSTECHNIK, vol. 110, no. 5, mai 1986, pages 124-134, Berlin, DE; P. KOESSLER: "Die Zukunft der Eisenbahn" *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009071768A1 (fr) * 2007-09-24 2009-06-11 Henri Guillemaut Boggie ferroviaire à roues orientables selon la courbure de la voie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE66650T1 (de) 1991-09-15
US4986191A (en) 1991-01-22
EP0277059B1 (de) 1991-08-28
ZA88301B (en) 1988-09-28
JPH078647B2 (ja) 1995-02-01
GR3002709T3 (en) 1993-01-25
ES2025296B3 (es) 1992-03-16
CA1311966C (fr) 1992-12-29
FR2609677A1 (fr) 1988-07-22
FR2609677B1 (fr) 1991-12-27
JPS63279967A (ja) 1988-11-17
DE3864409D1 (de) 1991-10-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2142412B1 (de) Drehgestell für schienenfahrzeug
EP2676859B1 (de) Drehgestell eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit verbesserten Aufhängungen, insbesondere für eine Niederflur-Straßenbahn
EP2258597B1 (de) Fahrwerk für Schienenfahrzeug
EP2134583B1 (de) Primäraufhängung für ein drehgestell eines schienenfahrzeugs
EP3650304B1 (de) Drehgestell für schienenfahrzeug
EP3222485B1 (de) Schienenfahrzeugdrehgestell, das eine versetzte primäre federungsvorrichtung umfasst
FR2822780A1 (fr) Bogie pour vehicules ferroviaires a roues a ecartement variable
FR2498144A1 (fr) Bogie a suspension par ressorts a lames pour vehicule de chemin de fer
EP0277059B1 (de) Schienenfahrzeug mit Lastverteilung auf die vier bezüglich des Aufbaus einstellbaren Achsen
EP0035443A1 (de) Aufhängung eines Eisenbahnfahrgestellrahmens an zumindest zwei Achsen und mit dieser Aufhängung versehener Fahrgestellrahmen
EP3222486B1 (de) Schienenfahrzeugdrehgestell, das ein abgesenktes fahrgestell umfasst
EP3854655B1 (de) Drehgestell für ein fahrzeug mit unabhängigen rädern und entsprechendes fahrzeug
FR3049252A1 (fr) Bogie comprenant une liaison rigide entre les boites d'essieu, et vehicule ferroviaire associe
FR2572348A1 (fr) Ensemble d'essieu orientable guide pour vehicules sur rails
EP3521125A1 (de) Fahrgestell für schienenfahrzeug
EP3521129B1 (de) Drehgestell und entsprechendes schienenfahrzeug
BE898075A (fr) Bogie a deux essieux pour vehicules ferroviaires ou tramways et vehicules ferroviaires ou tramways utilisant ce bogie.
FR2491850A1 (fr) Bogie de chemin de fer autodirecteur
CH582085A5 (en) Bogie for different gauge railway track - has crossbeam supporting wider gauge track wheels able to swing about vertical axis
EP2905194A1 (de) Verbindungseinheit zwischen einer Karosserie eines Wagens und einem Fahrgestellrahmen
CH634262A5 (en) Method for equipping a railway bogey a posteriori with a mechanism for orienting wheel and axle sets
BE723432A (de)
BE509385A (de)
BE707935A (de)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19881130

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19891030

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 66650

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19910915

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3864409

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19911002

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2025296

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: B3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3002709

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19941222

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 19941230

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19941230

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19950101

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19950102

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19950105

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19950112

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19950126

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19950127

Year of fee payment: 8

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 88400078.7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19950131

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960115

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960115

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960115

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19960116

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960116

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19960131

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: REGIE AUTONOME DES TRANSPORTS PARISIENS ETABLISSEM

Effective date: 19960131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19960731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19960801

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19960115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: MM2A

Free format text: 3002709

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19960801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19961001

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 88400078.7

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19990201

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20030116

Year of fee payment: 16

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050115