EP0276810A2 - Verfahren und Luftverteilungsmittel zum Zuführen von Luft in einen Raumbereich - Google Patents

Verfahren und Luftverteilungsmittel zum Zuführen von Luft in einen Raumbereich Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0276810A2
EP0276810A2 EP88101101A EP88101101A EP0276810A2 EP 0276810 A2 EP0276810 A2 EP 0276810A2 EP 88101101 A EP88101101 A EP 88101101A EP 88101101 A EP88101101 A EP 88101101A EP 0276810 A2 EP0276810 A2 EP 0276810A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
room space
speed
distribution means
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88101101A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0276810A3 (en
EP0276810B1 (de
Inventor
Ingmar Erik Rolin
Jouko Kalevi Savela
Jyrki Olavi Pitkänen
Tord Henry Holmlund
Seppo Juhani Leskinen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
ABB Flaekt AB
Flaekt AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence, ABB Flaekt AB, Flaekt AB filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority to AT88101101T priority Critical patent/ATE78087T1/de
Publication of EP0276810A2 publication Critical patent/EP0276810A2/de
Publication of EP0276810A3 publication Critical patent/EP0276810A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0276810B1 publication Critical patent/EP0276810B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of intro­ducing supply air into a room space, wherein air is introduced into a lower portion of the room space di­rectly to an occupied zone by means of at least one elongated air distribution means comprising a plural­ity of outflow openings for air.
  • Air flows occurring in room spaces are con­trolled by ventilation, that is, by introducing clean outdoor air into the room space through special fixed louvers, valves, or the like air distribution means, and by discharging air from the room by means of special exhaust air means, which air has become warm or excessively moist or which has been contaminated by impurities formed in the room space.
  • air is introduced into a room space through air distribution means in the form of one or more jets reaching far into the room space in a desired direction, generally to the upper portion thereof. Due to induction, the jets draw indoor air therewith and are mixed with the indoor air so that the entire room space is finally filled with a relatively homogeneous mixture of in­door and outdoor air, the temperature, impurity con­tent, humidity, etc., of the mixture being nearly the same throughout the room.
  • the mixing ventilation has certain disadvan­tages.
  • the air flow emerging at high speed from the air distribution means may reach too far or it may hit a flow obstacle, such as a light fixture, so that the air flow changes its direction, thus causing draught in zones occupied by people (so called occupied zones).
  • occupied zones zones occupied by people
  • the introduction of outdoor air into the upper portion of a room space causes the im­purities and excessive heat which have risen by them­selves to the upper portion of the room space to be carried back to the occupied zone by the outdoor air flowing to said zone.
  • the outdoor air could be introduced into the occupied zone only.
  • the displacing ventilation has some major disadvantages.
  • the speed of the air has to be kept at a very low value. This is also necessary in order to prevent the air jet from taking with it air from the upper portion of the room due to induction, which would bring the impurities and excessive heat into the occu­pied zone. Therefore, the speed of the air flow from supply air means operating on the displacement prin­ciple is very low, generally from 0.5 to 1.5 m/s.
  • the low speed causes the loss of some important properties of the air distribution means.
  • the object of the present invention is to pro­vide a method which avoids the above disadvantages and enables the introduction of warm as well as cool supply air directly into the occupied zone without draught, so that the temperature of the room space can be affected.
  • This object is achieved by means of a method according to the invention which is character­ized in - that the air is blown at a high speed through a plurality of small outflow openings in such a manner that the speed of air jets from the outflow openings is reduced to a small value over a short distance, and - that secondary air contained in the room space is prevented from being mixed with the air jets from an undesired direction of the room space over said distance at least at one end of the air dis­tribution means.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the idea that a high speed of supply air is util strictlyized in displacing ventilation while the introduction of supply air is arranged to take place under such conditions that the speed of the air jet is reduced over a short distance, whereby the secondary air is essentially prevented from entering the air jet from undesired directions along this distance.
  • This kind of ventilation method enables large masses of air to be put in slow flow motion in a desired part of the room space, and the flows in the room space can be con­trolled irrespective of thermal flows or other similar undesired flows. The result is that all the air con­tained in the room space is not mixed and that the im­purities and excessive heat contained in the air in the upper portion of the room space are not carried to the occupied zone. Further, no draught is caused in the occupied zone.
  • the method enables the introduction of both warm and cool air directly into the occupied zone without draught.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings show a pre­ferred embodiment of an air distribution means.
  • the air distribution means is formed by an upright air duct 1 the length of which is essentially greater than the diameter thereof, or in the case of a rectangular cross-section, greater than the larger side dimension.
  • a great number of nozzles 2 or similar holes, slits, or the like outflow openings for air is provided in the duct wall.
  • the nozzles are not positioned over the whole shell surface of the duct but only over a prede­ termined portion of its circumference, i.e. in a mixing part 1a. Instead, a strip-like secondary part 1b extending longitudinally of the duct does not have any holes provided therein.
  • the air duct is mounted be­side a wall 4 of a room space 3 at some distance from a floor 5.
  • the lower end of the duct is closed, and an annular baffle plate 6 is mounted at the upper end of the mixing part 1a.
  • the mixing part opens towards an occupied zone 7 of the room space.
  • the upper end of the air duct is connected to a supply air distribution network not shown for the introduction of supply air into the air duct there­through so that the air flows out through the nozzles at high speed, e.g. 2.5 to 10 m/s.
  • a supply air distribution network not shown for the introduction of supply air into the air duct there­through so that the air flows out through the nozzles at high speed, e.g. 2.5 to 10 m/s.
  • air jets A from the nozzles draw from all sides se­condary air B from the room space, so that the secon­dary air is mixed with the air jets emerging from the nozzles.
  • the mixing as well as the reduction in the speed of the air jets takes place over a short distance. Assuming that the diameter d of the nozzle is e.g.
  • the speed is reduced from a value 8 m/s to a value 0.4 m/s over a distance of 250 mm.
  • the high-speed air jets take therewith plenty of secondary air so that they move large masses of air, generally at least ten times the amount of the supply air flow.
  • these air flows are di­rected by the jets as desired. Thereby the effect of undesired thermal flows and the like remains insigni­ficant.
  • the nozzles of the air duct take secondary air from all sides, i.e., there prevails an underpressure throughout the whole mixing part.
  • the underpressure sucks secondary air essentially as shown in Figure 2.
  • the nozzles also suck secondary air in the direction of the axis of the duct due to the underpressure prevailing in the area of the mixing part. If this happens, the air flow from the duct will be throttled and the speed of the air will remain too high. In addition, the secondary flow would bring im­purities from the upper portion of the room space.
  • the baffle plate 6 is provided for the preven­tion of any undesired vertical flows of secondary air, whereby the size of the plate is chosen so that the speed of the air jets beyond the plate is reduced to at least 1/10 of the nozzle speed.
  • the underpressure causing axial flow of secondary air has thereby been reduced to about 1/100, so that it is no longer able to effect any noticeable flow in the direction of the axis of the duct.
  • the baffle plate may be relatively small.
  • a projection X extending 200 mm from the sur­face of the duct is sufficient.
  • the lower end of the duct is positioned sufficiently close to the floor of the room space to be able to prevent the formation of undesired vertical flows of secondary air at the lower end of the duct.
  • the baffle plates 6 for the secondary flow can be used for the control of the air flows especially when the temperature of the supply air differs con­siderably from the room temperature.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 4 is to be used when the temperature of the supply air is lower than the temperature of the room air.
  • the upper baffle plate prevents the entrance of secondary air within the area of the mixing part 1a, so that the air jets are directed in the horizon­tal direction.
  • the temperature of the supply air On reaching the outer edge of the baffle plate, the temperature of the supply air has risen close to the temperature of the room space, so that the thermal forces are able to bend the air jets only slightly downwards.
  • the air jets obtain secondary air also from below, which tends to bend the flow upwards against the di­rection in which the thermal forces are acting. If the distance from the floor is suitable, an air flow oppo­site in direction to the main flow is formed above the floor level, which prevents the main flow from dropp­ing to the floor level and thereby the formation of floor draught. By means of this arrangement it is pos­sible to introduce, directly to the occupied zone, supply air the temperature of which is more than 10°C lower than the temperature of the room space.
  • the baffle plate is dis­placeable with respect to the air duct, so that it is possible to introduce into the room space either warm or cool air by means of the air distribution means.
  • the baffle plate is displaced to the upper portion of the duct when the supply air is cool, and to the lower portion of the duct when the supply air is warm.
  • the air duct 1 is mounted in a horizontal position, and a baffle plate 6 is fastened to the upper edge of the duct in parallel therewith.
  • a baffle plate 6 is fastened to the upper edge of the duct in parallel therewith.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the mixing part 1a. It shows schema strictlytically the main flow of secondary air between the nozzles with the arrows B; the flow of the air jets emerging from the nozzles with the arrows A; and the flow of secondary air drawn with the air jet with the arrows C.
  • the longi­tudinal dimension a of the duct should be sufficiently large as compared with the diameter d of the nozzle in order that the air jets A in the mid portion of the mixing part also obtain sufficiently secondary air C and the mixing is efficient, i.e. that the speed of the air flow decreases rapidly, the temperature differences are levelled out, etc.
  • the ratio a/n ⁇ d is greater than 1.5, wherein n is the number of nozzles in one row in the direction of the width of the duct.
  • the ratio varies slightly with the variation of the dimension a or d.
  • the nozzles are positioned in straight rows which may also extend obliquely with respect to the direc­tion of the width, as shown in the figures. If this is not the case, it is more difficult for the secondary air flow B to enter the mid portion of the mixing part.
  • the distance b between the nozzles is not equally important.
  • the dimension b may be 0, whereby the nozzles are replaced with a continu­ous slit.
  • the secondary air flow C can enter the air flow of the nozzle from two direc­tions only, so that the mixing is diminished and the speed of the air jet is decreased more slowly, i.e., the so called throw distance is extended.
  • the openings of the nozzles are round and the mutual distance thereof in the direction of the width b of the duct is larger than 3d. The mixing is thereby efficient; a great amount of secondary air is carried along; and the equalizing of the tempera­tures as well as the reduction in the flow speeds take place over a short distance.
  • the secondary part of the air duct that is, the part without any holes, has to be sufficiently large, preferably cover at least 1/6 of the mantle surface of the air duct, in which the nozzles are positioned.
  • the air duct can be provided with two baffle plates 6 pivotably mounted thereon which are turned, depending on the difference between the temperatures of the supply air and the room air, alternately in parallel with the duct into a position in which they do not prevent the vertical flow of secondary air.
  • the inner diameter of the nozzles is preferably no more than 10 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP88101101A 1987-01-27 1988-01-26 Verfahren und Luftverteilungsmittel zum Zuführen von Luft in einen Raumbereich Expired - Lifetime EP0276810B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88101101T ATE78087T1 (de) 1987-01-27 1988-01-26 Verfahren und luftverteilungsmittel zum zufuehren von luft in einen raumbereich.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI870345 1987-01-27
FI870345A FI79608C (fi) 1987-01-27 1987-01-27 Foerfarande och luftfoerdelningsorgan foer infoerande av inkommande luft i ett rumsutrymme.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0276810A2 true EP0276810A2 (de) 1988-08-03
EP0276810A3 EP0276810A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0276810B1 EP0276810B1 (de) 1992-07-08

Family

ID=8523842

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88101101A Expired - Lifetime EP0276810B1 (de) 1987-01-27 1988-01-26 Verfahren und Luftverteilungsmittel zum Zuführen von Luft in einen Raumbereich

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0276810B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE78087T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3872532T2 (de)
DK (1) DK164374C (de)
FI (1) FI79608C (de)
NO (1) NO165464C (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998049499A1 (en) * 1997-04-15 1998-11-05 ABB Fläkt Oy Apparatus for distribution of incoming air to rooms to be ventilated
WO1999041507A1 (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-08-19 ABB Fläkt Oy Tubular air diffuser
WO2001061253A1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 Soft Inneklimat Ab A flow-stabilised ventilation system
CN112628870A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调器室内机的控制方法、存储介质及空调器室内机

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3301570A1 (de) * 1983-01-19 1984-07-19 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad Gmbh, Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen, 7201 Kolbingen Vorrichtung zum belueften von raeumen
DE8522094U1 (de) * 1984-08-16 1985-12-12 Hesco Pilgersteg AG, Rüti Luftauslasskammer für die Raumbelüftung

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3301570A1 (de) * 1983-01-19 1984-07-19 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad Gmbh, Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen, 7201 Kolbingen Vorrichtung zum belueften von raeumen
DE8522094U1 (de) * 1984-08-16 1985-12-12 Hesco Pilgersteg AG, Rüti Luftauslasskammer für die Raumbelüftung

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998049499A1 (en) * 1997-04-15 1998-11-05 ABB Fläkt Oy Apparatus for distribution of incoming air to rooms to be ventilated
WO1999041507A1 (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-08-19 ABB Fläkt Oy Tubular air diffuser
WO2001061253A1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-08-23 Soft Inneklimat Ab A flow-stabilised ventilation system
CN112628870A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-09 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调器室内机的控制方法、存储介质及空调器室内机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO880341D0 (no) 1988-01-26
DE3872532T2 (de) 1993-02-18
DK34988A (da) 1988-07-28
DK164374B (da) 1992-06-15
EP0276810A3 (en) 1989-03-15
NO165464C (no) 1991-02-13
FI870345A0 (fi) 1987-01-27
FI79608B (fi) 1989-09-29
ATE78087T1 (de) 1992-07-15
FI870345A (fi) 1988-07-28
NO165464B (no) 1990-11-05
FI79608C (fi) 1990-01-10
NO880341L (no) 1988-07-28
DK164374C (da) 1992-11-09
DK34988D0 (da) 1988-01-26
DE3872532D1 (de) 1992-08-13
EP0276810B1 (de) 1992-07-08

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